enuma elish
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Enuma Elish. World Literature Mr. Brennan. Monday, September 9, 2013 . Do- Now . “Causes” of a Table. What makes a table, a table? What causes a table to “be”?. AGENDA. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Enuma ElishWorld LiteratureMr. Brennan
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“Causes” of a TableWhat makes a table, a table?What causes a table to “be”?
Do-Now Monday, September 9, 2013
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SWBAT gain a deeper understanding of Ancient Mesopotamian culture by analyzing the form and function of the creation story, Enuma Elish.
1. HW Collection: College Essay: Draft 1 / Syllabus
2. Mini-Lecture: Aristotle’s Four Causes 3. Mini-Lecture: Mesopotamian Context 4. Class Reading: Enuma Elish
Learning Objective
AGENDA
Finish Reading Enuma Elish HomeworkReminders
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Aristotle’s Four CausesKnowledge is the object of our inquiry, and men do not think they know a thing till they have grasped the ‘why’ of it (which is to grasp its primary cause). 1. Material Cause2. Formal Cause3. Efficient Cause4. Final Cause
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“What makes something so-and-so?”
Material CauseX is made out of YFormal CauseY is what it is to be XEfficient CauseY is what produces XFinal CauseY is what X is for
A table is made out of wood
Having four legs and
a flat top makes this
(count as) a table
A carpenter makes a tableHaving a surface
suitable for eating
or writing makes
this (work as) a table
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“What makes something so-and-so?”
Material CauseX is made out of YFormal CauseY is what it is to be XEfficient CauseY is what produces XFinal CauseY is what X is for
C R E A T I O N
M Y T H S
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MesopotamiaGreek Origin: mesos (middle) + potamos (river) = “land between rivers”
Mesopotamia Encompasses the land between the
Euphrates & Tigris rivers in modern day
IRAQ
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Mesopotamia• Considered to be the cradle of civilization,
the site of the emergence of civilization. • During the Bronze Age (3600-1200 BC)
Mesopotamia included various empires: Sumer Empire Akkadian Empire Babylonian Empire
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Babylonia • The Babylonian Empire emerged around 2000 BC• It was often in conflict with the
nearby nations, but became the major power in the region after Hammurabi created an empire out of many of the territories of the former Akkadian Empire (1792 BC).
• It is during this period when the Babylonian creation myth originates
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Enuma Elish• The Babylonian EPIC of CREATION
is recorded on seven clay tablets (it’s named after its opening words)
• Scholars believe it was recited during the Akitu festival, or Babylonian new year. The epic describes two primeval gods, Apsu (fresh waters) and Tiamat (salt waters),
whose fluids join to generate creation. Other gods spring from their union; however, disharmony
prevails, and Apsu is provoked to move against the younger
gods.
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Anal
yzin
g En
uma
Elish
• Metaphysical (Origin of Cosmos):
• Religious (Poly- Mono- theistic):
• Social/Political (Hierarchy of Power):
• Social/Political (Patri- Matri- archy):
• Axis mundi (World Axis):
• Anthropological (Origin of Man):
• Environmental (Explanation of Natural):
• Psychological (Psyche/Archetypes):
• Morality (Values/Good v. Evil/Purpose of Man):
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Theogony of Enuma Elish
APSU
Lahmu
Anshar
TIAMAT
Lahamu
KisharANU
Nudimmud (Ea)
Mummu
DamkinaBel MARDUK
Qingu
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implying male power
noise repeated
Tiamat’s belly = Anduruna
Tiamat (mother) responsible for quieting children?However, female is too weak to do what is necessary?
councilor/advisor
Close Reading
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Female naturally filled with “rage” and must “suppress” the “evil” inside herProtective Mother
Male AuthorityNotion of female needing male portection
Was relayed to the gods their sons
By whom?