enumeration of cd34+ stem cells using flowcytometry
DESCRIPTION
Enumeration of CD34+ Stem Cells using Flowcytometry - dr. Agus S. Kosasih - Clinical Pathology Laboratory, Dharmais Cancer HospitalTRANSCRIPT
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Enumeration of CD34+ Stem Cells using Flowcytometry
Clinical Pathology LaboratoryDharmais Cancer Hospital
Agus S Kosasih
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What is a Stem Cell?
• Stem cell is the cell with the ability to self-replicate throughout the life of an organism and can differentiate or give rise to many cell types upon stimulation and given the right condition.
• Stem cells have the potential to develop into functional mature cells characteristic of different tissue or organs
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Stem cell types• Totipotent
– Differentiate into all type of cells• Pluripotent
– Differentiate into 3 germinal layers: ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm
– Embryonic stem cells• Multipotent
– Differentiate into several types of cells– Hematopoietic stem cells
• Unipotent– Can only produce 1 type of cell
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Source of stem cells
• Zygote• Embryonic stem cells• Cord blood stem cells
– Hematopoietic stem cells• Adult stem cells
– Bone Marrow: • Hematopoietic stem cells• Mesenchymal stem cells
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Source of stem cells
• Peripheral blood : – Hematopoietic stem cells
• Other Tissue– Adipocyte– Muscle– Nerve– Bone
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Hematopoietic stem cells
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How to Identify Stem cells ?• Flowcytometry
• CD 34 (Hematopoietic stem cells)• CD 133 (Epithelial Progenitor Cells)
• Dharmais Hospital- Facs Calibur 4 colors (Becton Dickinson)
CD 34 : CD45 FITC/CD34 PE/7AADCD 133 : CD45 FITC/CD133PE/7AAD
– Single Platform (Trucount tube)
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What Is Flow Cytometry?
Cyto = cell Metry = measurement
• Simultaneous measurements of multiple characteristics of a single cell
• Measurements are made on a per-cell basis at routine rates of 500 to 4000 cells per second
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FlowcytometryFlowcytometry
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Size / GranularitySize / Granularity
11
FS (
Size
)
SC ((Granularity)
33
22
Lymphs
Monos
Grans
Whole blood sample
RBC lysed
Size:
Grans > Monos > Lymphs
Granularity:
Grans > Monos > Lymphs
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Sid
e S
catte
r
Forward Light Scatter
0 200 400 600 800 1000
020
040
060
080
010
00
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Neutrophils
largest and most complex population
smallest and least complex population
Lysed Whole BloodLysed Whole Blood
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TheThe fluorochrome absorbs energy from the laserfluorochrome absorbs energy from the laser
The fluorochrome releasesThe fluorochrome releases the absorbed energy bythe absorbed energy by::–– Vibration and heat dissipationVibration and heat dissipation
–– Emission of photons of a longer wavelengthEmission of photons of a longer wavelength
λ = 488 nm
Antibody
IncidentLight Energy
EmittedFluorescent Light
Energy
λ = 530 nm
FluoresceinMolecule
HO
CO2H
O
C
What is Fluorescent Light?What is Fluorescent Light?
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FluorescenceFluorescence
FITC FITC
FITC
FITC
FITC
FITC
FITC
FITC
FITC
Emitted Fluorescence Intensity ∝ Binding Sites
FITC
Fluorescent Intensity
Num
ber o
f Eve
nts
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Detector
FL1
FL2
FL3
FL4
Filter
530/30 nm
585/42 nm
670nm LP
661/16 nm
Fluorochrome
FITC
PE
PerCP, PerCP-Cy5.5
APC
Color
Green
Yellow/Orange
Dark Red
Red
Collection OpticsCollection Optics––FACSCalibur CytometerFACSCalibur Cytometer
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CD 45 gatingCD 45 gating
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CD45 GatingCD45 Gatingmost informative markermost informative markergood for all cell typesgood for all cell types
10 10 10 10 100 1 2 3 4
M220327.001CD45 PerCP ->
10 10 10 10 100 1 2 3 4
M220327.001CD45 PerCP ->
NRBC
gran
mono
lymph
Sid
e S
catte
r
Forward Light Scatter
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CD 34CD 34
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Other cellOther cell
Stem cellStem cell
CD 45 FITCCD 45 FITC
CD45 FITCCD45 FITC
The image cannot be displayed. Your computer may not have enough memory to open the image, or the image may have been corrupted.
CD34 PECD34 PE
Stem CellStem Cell
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70%70%30%30%
60%60%
40%40%
1 2
3 4FITC
PE
20%20% 40%40%
30%30%10%10%+/+/--
+/++/+--/+/+
--//--
Dual Parameter HistogramsDual Parameter Histograms
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Standards for Cellular Therapy Product Services (AABB)
Ref. Std 5.14A – Processing tests for HPC, apheresis and HPC, marrow products
• Tests to be performed :– Total nucleated cell count– CD34 analysis or comparable assay– Microbial contamination (culture for bacterial
and fungal elements)– Cell viability
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Dharmais Experience
• Stem Cell Therapy for AMI • Autologous Peripheral Blood Stem Cell
Transplantation (PBSCT) • Autologous Bone Marrow Stem Cell
Transplantation (NOGA)• Stem Cell Count using Flowcytometry
– CD 34– CD 133
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Dharmais ExperienceTEST PANEL for PBSCT• CBC + diff count • Lymphocyte subsets + CD14 • Blood viscosity• CD 34+ Stem Cell Count (FacsCalibur)+ viability
• day 1 (before G-CSF inj)• day 3 • day 5 (before Harvest) • day 5 (after Harvest)
• Culture for bacteria (harvest product)• Culture for fungi (harvest product)
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Dharmais Experience CD 34 count in PBSCT
• Harvesting of Stem cells:– Day 5 after G-CSF injection– Using Cobe Spectra Apheresis system– 1 million stem cells /ml
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CD34+ stem cell enumerationCD34+ stem cell enumeration
• Single platform flowcytometry using
FACSCalibur
• Analysis: Cellquest software
• CD45 gating
• Viability testing : 7-aad
• Template from ISHAGE protocol
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STEPSSTEPS
1.1. Preparation of specimenPreparation of specimen2.2. Acquisition Acquisition 3.3. Gating and Data Analysis Gating and Data Analysis
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10 µl CD 45 FITC / CD34 PE
Incubate 15‘ dark, room temperature
Add 1 ml Lysing solution
Add 10 ul Cell Viability Solution (7aad), vortex gently
ACQUISITION
Trucount tube
50 µl specimen
Preparation of specimenPreparation of specimen
Incubate 15‘ dark, room temperature
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AcquisitionAcquisition
Instrument settingInstrument settingISHAGE Template ISHAGE Template Acquire 75000 cellsAcquire 75000 cellsCell Quest softwareCell Quest software
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Data analysisData analysis
CD45 gatingCD45 gatingCD45+ absolute cell countCD45+ absolute cell countCD34+ percentageCD34+ percentageCD34+ absolute cell countCD34+ absolute cell countCD34+ viabilityCD34+ viability
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Result of CD34 count
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Dharmais Experience CD 34 count in PBSCT
• Two phase :– Phase I : 6 patients – 6 days protocol– Phase II : 12 patients – 5 days protocol
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CD 34 count First phase
Pat # Day 1 Day 3 Day 5
Day 6 pre harvest Harvest
1 13,120 35,260 115,720 92,980 1,071,110
2 2,290 7,670 27,370 23,970 830,310
3 11,390 27,900 49,050 47,140 2,084,380
4 3,970 27,030 67,550 255,020 1,940,900
5 650 4,730 19,170 17,290 732,680
6 1,010 7,180 25,490 23,920 1,405,010
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CD34 count in patients for stem cell therapy (phase I)
100
1,000
10,000
100,000
1,000 ,00010,000,000
Day 1 Day 3 Day 5 Day 6 preharvest
Harvest
CD34
cou
nt (L
OG 1
0 ce
ll/m
l) Pat #1Pat #2Pat #3Pat #4Pat #5Pat #5
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CD 34 count 2nd phasePat # Day 1 Day 3 Day 5 Harvest
7 1,310 3,740 23,690 820,8308 870 2,810 11,680 540,9209 1,380 14,120 124,470 2,127,850
10 2,530 12,550 43,160 994,07011 1,310 14,510 64,170 1,072,08012 2,260 7,360 32,600 1,608,28013 670 5,010 48,230 1,397,02014 2,370 20,590 80,090 1,715,66015 900 3,500 14,320 68,11016 5,030 8,410 15,260 688,00017 1,050 5,060 76,990 1,539,08018 600 19,020 29,380 956,570
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CD34+ count in patients undergoing stemcell therapy (phase 2)
1000
1000
0
1000
00
1000
000
1000
0000
Day 1 Day 3 Day 5 Harvest
CD
34+
coun
t (lo
g 10
cel
ls/ u
l)
Pt # 7Pt # 8
Pt # 9
Pt # 10
Pt # 11
Pt # 12Pt # 13
Pt # 14
Pt # 15
Pt # 16
Pt # 17
Pt # 18
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Harvest Product Harvest Product
• Consists of :– Stem cells– Mononuclear cells– Platelet– RBC– Polymorphonuclear cells
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Comparison between cell composition of baseline and harvest product
Whole blood base line Harvest product
CD34 (x 103 cell/ml) 2.9 + 3.6 1,133.4 + 523.8WBC (x 103 cell/ul) 10.04 + 3.46 309.65 + 105.1MN absolute (x 103 cell/ul) 2.7 + 1.2 124.2 + 34.5CD4 (%) 41.3 + 8.4 39.2 + 8.7CD8 (%) 20.9 + 7.9 20.9 + 8.5CD19 (%) 15.6 + 4.9 14.7 + 8.0CD14 (%) 7.4 + 3.6 13.2 + 6.2CD56 (%) 19.4 + 7.8 18.4 + 7.9RBC (x 106 cell/ul) 4.55 + 0.47 0.25 + 0.19PLT (x 103 cell/ul) 289.61 + 133.52 1,572.12 + 1024.16
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Dharmais Experience
TEST PANEL for NOGA• Baseline:
– Marrow cell count + diff count – CD 34+ Stem Cell Count (FacsCalibur)+
viability– CD 133+ Stem Cell Count (FacsCalibur)+
viability
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Dharmais Experience
TEST PANEL for NOGA• Product :
– Cell count + diff count– Lymphocyte subsets + CD14 – CD 34+ Stem Cell Count (FacsCalibur)+
viability– CD 133+ Stem Cell Count (FacsCalibur)+
viability– Culture for bacteria– Culture for fungi
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Result of CD34+ and CD133+ in NOGA
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Pt #1 Pt #2 Pt #3 Pt #4
PrePost ficoll Pre
Post ficoll Pre
Post ficoll Pre Post ficoll
CD45 (x10^3/ul) 10.7 16.12 9.3 12.76 20.33 35.73 17.23 15.07CD34 (/ml)
74940 483100 67800 449390 164740 525990 117640 554980CD133
(/ml) 64200 450840 72100 - 87290 22780 92080 207260WBC
(x10^3/ul) 13.23 20.55 11.15 14 21.68 47 20.3 18.9MN
(x10^3/ul) 4.35 12.88 3.16 8.37 29.00 55 17.00 42Viability
(%) 99.93 99.84 99.71 99.94 99.95 99.88 99.89 97.76
RESULT OF STEM CELL ENUMERATION IN NOGA
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Conclusion
• Accurate stem cells counting is very important for Stem Cell therapy
• Flowcytometry is the Gold standard method for stem cell enumeration
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