enumeration of medicinal plants -...
TRANSCRIPT
ENUMERATION OF
MEDICINAL PLANTS
ENUMERATION OF MEDICINAL PLANTS
Abbreviations:
A ; Anantapur District
CH : Chittaor District
CU : Cuddapah District
K : K u r n d District
C : Chenchus
N : Nakkalas
S : Sugalis
Y : Yanadis
Ye Yerukalas
Ln : Local name(s)
Loc : Locality
Restr : Diet Restriction
* : Unreported medicinal plant
** : Endemic to Rayalaseema Region
mCADACEAE
HCycas M r m i Dyer (Photo 27 & 28)
Shrubs, 50-75 cm tall. Stems clothed with closely i m b r i a t e leaf
bases; r achis su b-quadr angular; leaf lets linear, I-nerved, spinous acuminate, 0
margins strongly revolute. Plants d$cious.
b.: Tirumala (CHI NN 900 Ln: perita
The crude stem flour (pith) is eaten or given internally wi th
milk t o treat stomach ulcers (Nl.
RANUNCULACEAE
Clematis gowiana Roxb. ex DC.
Climbing shrubs. Leaves bi or tti-compound. Flowers light yellow
in dense axillary panicles. Stamens glabrous, connectives hooded. Fruit an
etario of achenes.
k: Kuppam (CHI NN 317. Ln: Gowri-kuntala
Seed paste is applied externally for one week fw the
destruction of lice (Y).
Naraveiia zeyknim IL.) DC.
Large climbers. Stems woody. Leaves trifoliolate. Flowers pale
green or light yellow, in axiliary or in terminal panicles. Achenes with long,
twisted, persistent, plumose styles.
Lac;: TirumaIa (CN) NN 373 Ln: Pedda-gowri-kuntala
Stems are used as tooth-brushes t o cure toothache. Crushed
roots emit smeH, which is said to relieve headache (N).
MAGNOLIACEAE
Micbeiia drampacB L.
Trees. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, coriaceous, glabrescent. Flowers
axillary, solitary. Stamens numerous; anthers linear, apiculate. Fruit a
cluster of warty follcles. Seeds subglobose.
toc;: Tirumala (CH) NN 259 h: ManusampengalCharnpakamu
Stem bark is used as a digestive stimulant. Flowers and fruits
possess antiseptic propetties and are abo useful in renal disorders and
gonorrhma (N, Y).
ANNONACEAE
AmoM cherimola Mill.
Trees, 5-6 rn tall. Flowers with a peak during April-July, with
stray ones throughout the year.
h Chandragiri (CHI NN 344 In: Lakshmana palamu.
Roots are dried, boiled and a swp is prepared; salt is added to
the soup and given as a remedy for blood in faeces.
*MiIiusa tornentosa (Roxb.) Sinchit. ; Saccopetalum tomentosum (Roxb.) Hook.
f. & Thorns.
Large deciduous trees. BranchIets tomentose. Leaves ovate,
elliptic, tomentose h e a t h . Flowers solitary or fascicled in the axils. Fruits
a ring of subglobose carpels.
k: Nallamalais (KJ NN 430 Ln: Gadidalotta
Leaf and seed paste is used in the treatment of rheumatoid
arthritis (Ye).
MENISPERMACE AE
Arumirta -ulus (L.) Wight dr Arn. ; Menispermum cocculus L.
Large climbing shrubs or huge lianas with long panicles drooping
from nodes of the old wood.
h.: Puttur (CHI NN 1029 In: Kakumanu/Pelakayalu
Leaf and seed paste is mixed with coconut oil and applied to
the scalp before bath t o treat dandruff. Fruit paste applied on the forehead
t o cure headache (Yl.
CissampeIos pareira L.
Slender climbers. Leaves peitate, broadly cordate. Flowers
d i ~ c i o u s ; male inflorescence pendent, sub-corymbose cymes; female in
thyrsoid clusters. Drupes ovoid, hirsute, scarlet when ripe.
h.: Pattikonda IK) NN 318 Ln: Adavi-hnka ttega.
A paste made from 3-4 root pieces is taken orally twice daily
in fever and body pains due to cold (5).
One pill is made using three leaves of the herb and given daily
at the rate of one pill per day for three days during menses. This treatment
will check conception in the month it is applied (C).
Root decoction is given as a drink to prevent abortion and in
Promoting menstruation (Ye).
hirsutus (L,) Diels
Straggling or cl imbing hirsute evergreen shrubs. Male
inflorescence in ax i lary panicles; female in axillary fascicles. Drupes
ktwally compressed, reddish-purple.
h: Dhone (K) NN 1890 Ln: Dusarateega.
Entire plant is boiled and i t s decoction is given in promoting
menstruation (C).
Kmqma cocdifolia (Willd.) Miers ex Hook. F. & Thorns. (Photo 29)
Climbing succulent shrubs, bark papery at f irst , corky later.
Leaves ovate~ordate, entire. Flowers greenish-yellow in racemes or panicles.
Drupes sessile, red.
k.: Penukonda (A) NN 548 Ln: Tippa teega.
The infusion of the entire plant, administered orally with honey
to induce vomiting (as a purgative).
Leaf powder (about one teaspoonful) is given in milk, twice a
day or maceration of the plant is taken for 60 days to control diabetes.
PAPAVERACEAE
Argemone mexicana L.
Prickly herbs. Leaves sessi le , mottled green and white ,
pimatifid, lobes ending in spines. A11 parts of the plant yield yellow latex.
Flowers yellow. Capsules elliptic, spinous, apically dehiscing. Seeds black,
pitted.
k.: Sidhout (CU) NN 8 10 Ln: Kusuma pah
The Iatex from the leaves is mixed with turmeric powder
(Curcuma lonp,a) and the mixture thus obtained is apfled externally to cure
skin diseases.
BRASSlCACEAE (CRUCIFERAE)
R q h w s satiws L.
Herbs; tap root tuberous. Lower leaves lyrate-pinnatisect, upper
ones lobed, chartactous, margin dentate to crenate. Fio wers pinkish- white,
disc with stalked glands.
h.: Pattikonda (K) NN 613 ; Tirupati {CHI NN 327 Ln: Mullangi.
Leaf juice mixed with leaf juice of Smilax perfoliata Lour. and
given as a drink to treat rnenorrhagia.
CAPPARACEAE (CAPPARIDACEAE)
*is sepiaria L.
Much branched armed shrubs, branches densely pubescent. Leaves
el l ipt ic or elliptic-lanceolate, obtuse, mucronate. Flowers in axillary or
terminal corymbose sub-umbels. Berries globose, black when ripe.
k: Uravakonda (A) NN 359 Ln: Nalla uppi
Leaf juice (about 20 ml) is used in the treatment of
gonorrhwa.
Capparis zeylanica 1.
Large climbing thorny shrubs. Branchlets stellate-tomentose.
Leaves elliptic or lanceoiate. Flowers in supra-axillary dusters, white, turning
rose. Berries obovoid or globose, reddish brown.
k: Rajampet (CU) NN 269; Kalahasti (CH) NN 305 Ln: Adonds
The juice of the leaves and root is mixed with 'ghee' and
'jira' and the mixture thus obtained is applied externally t o cure skin
diseases.
Crataeva magna (Lour.) DC. ; C:religiosa Forst. f. var. nurvalz (8uch.-
~arn.) Hook. f. k Thorns. ; C. religiosa sensu b n
Deciduous trees, bark grey. Leaves 3-foliolate. Flowers
corymbose, yeilowish-white. Berries ovoid, yeliowish-grey when ripe.
Inc.: TarnbaIlapaIli (CH) NN 369 Ln: MaralingamulUskarnanu
The liquid obtained after boiling the leaf and root is used in
throat infections; leaves are chewed in case of spongy gums and toothaches
6).
CLEOM A-E
C%ome gymxka L.; Gy~ndropsis pentaphylla (1.) DC.
Annual erect pubescent herbs. Leaves Sfoliolate. Flowers in
corymbose racemes, pink or white. Capsules glandular.
k: Rayachoty (CU) NN 831 In: Vaminta
Leaf juice used as ear drops to relieve ear-aches or ear-
troubles.
YIOLACEAE
wybanlhs enneaspermw (L.) Muell.; Ionidium suffruticosum (L.) Gig.
SmaU herbs. Leaves simple, linear-lanceolate. Flowers rose,
axillary, sohary. Capmrks globose, slightly hairy.
k: chandragiri (CH) NN 469 tn: Rampurrusha
Infusion of the plant is given with cashewnut, dry grapes and
sugar to increase potency (as an aphrodisiacb
COCHLOSPERMACEAE
*Cochlwpermum religiosum (L.) Alston ; C.gossypium DC. (Photo 30)
Deciduous t r e e s , 10-12 m tall. Leaves 5-7 lobed, lobes
tomentose below. Flowers golden-yellow in terminal subcory mbose panicles.
Capsules obovoid. Seeds numerous, curved, woolly.
k.: Tirumala (CHI NN 395 Ln: Kondagogu
Leaves and flowers are macerated with water and given orally
2-3 times a day in promoting menstruation (S).
FLACOURTIACEAE (inch SAMYDACEAE)
Casearia elliptica Willd.; C. tomentosa Roxb.
Deciduous trees. Branches pendent, downy pubescent. Leaves
elliptic, pubescent. Flowers many in axillary fascicles. Capsules globose, 3-
valved, yellow.
Loc.: Talakona (CH) NN 438 tn: Vatabedhi
Fruit juice mixed with honey t o cure gas in stomach and colic
pains. Red pulp of the fruit is used to cure tonsils (Ye).
F h c a r h indica (Burm. f.) Merr. ; F. sepiaria Roxb.
Small trees. Leaves fascicled at apex, ovate, orbicular. Flowers
pale green. Drupes furrowed, indehiwnt, purplish-black when ripe.
Is.: Kurnool (K) NN 427 Ln: PutikatadalPu~lerika
Fruit juice is given in viral jaundice and enlarged spleen and
the s t e r n h k is cooked in sesame oil {Sesarnum indicum) used as a liniment
in gout and rheumatism.
CARYOPFWLLACEAE
Polympaea aurea Wight & Arn.
Perennial woody undershrubs. Leaves opposite linear, needle-like.
Flowers small, pinkish-scarlet in terminal compound racemes. Capsules oblong.
keds compressed.
Inc;: Madakasira (A) NN 366 h Ra jumaJbmmasari
Paste of the plant applied externally to cure heat boils and
swellings and also given in jaundice.
PORTULACACEAE
Talinum ptulacifotium (For sk.) Asch. et Schw.; Talinum cuneif olium (Vahl)
Wllld.
Succulent shrubs. Leaves cuneate, obovate. Flowers purple in
terminal panicles.
h.: Puttur (CH) NN 437; Uravakanda (A) NN 116 Ln: Thotapavalil Paalaku
Leaf powder is mixed with the leaf powder of Gyrnnerna
sylvestre (Retz) R. Br. ex Schult., about one tablesponful given with milk
twice a day for 30 days to control diabetes.
HYPERICACEAE
*Hyperimin jwicurn Thunb. ex Murr.
Erect annual herbs. Branchlets glabrous, 4-angled. Leaves
elliptic-ovate auricled at base, +nerved. Flowers orange-yellow in axillary or
terminal cymes. Stamens monodelphous. Capsules ovoid. Seeds oblong.
h: Tirurnala (CH) NN 251 Ln: Guntachamanthi
Leaves are pounded and paste applied on the fractured part to e
relip? pains and quick heafng.
D~EROCARPACEAE
**Shores turnbuggab Roxb.
Large trees 10-30 rn tall. Leaves ovate, cordate at base, entire,
acute to acuminate. Flowers in terminal or axillary panicles. Capsules
enclosed with wing like aecrescent sepals.
k.: Tirumala (CHI NN 280 In: Tumba jalari
The tree yields resin, which is used for local rheumatic pains.
Decoction of the stembark is given in stomach ulcers (N).
MALVACEAE
A b u t i h indicum (L.1 Sweet
Shrubs with spreading branches. Leaves cordate at base, ovate-
acuminate. Flowers orange-yellow, solitary. Seeds glabrous or sparsely hairy.
W.: Lakkireddi palli (CU) NN 249 Ln: Tutturubenda
Leaves and flowers are made into juice mixed with jaggery and
given orally for scorpion and snake bites; leaf lotion is given in rheumatism
(Ye).
*Hibiscus vitifolius L.
Annual or rarely perennial erect hispid herbs. Leaves alternate,
simple or slightly lobed, cordate with soft tomenturn. Flowers axil lary,
solitary, y e l b w with pink streaks, purplish inside. Capsules hairy, winged.
k: Kcdur (CU) NN 1322 h: tsuka ravi
Three flower-buds are collected just before blooming and mixed
with water left after washing of rice. One such bud makes one dose. The
female concerned is given one dose oraIiy daily on the 4th, 5th and 6th days
of the menses. The appliction i s repeated for 3-4 months for permanent
sterilization (Ye). Root decoction is given in vaginai discharges which cause
infertility.
Sida cordifolia L.
Much branched undershrubs. Leaves ve lve t ty . Flowers pale
yellow, solitary or in clusters. Fruits covered with calyx lobes, awns longer
than calyx. Seeds brown to black.
Is.: Tirupati (CHI NN 273 Ln: Chiru-benda
Decoction of fresh root applied with a soaked materia l on
paralysed part for 2 weeks to treat paralysis.
STEElCULlACEAE
Byttneria her- Roxb.
Small herbs o f t e n climbing. Sterns pubescent. Leaves ovate
lanceolate, acuminate, dentate; a linear gbnd on the lower side of midrib.
Flowers in axillary cymes, reddish-purple. Capsules, thin bristly, globose.
loc.: Rajarnpet (CU) NN 398; Tirumda (CH) NN 262 h Rudraksha
Plant paste applied externally for rheumatic swell ings and
elephantiasis. Roasred seeds are used in the treatment of stomach troubles.
HeIicteres h a L.
Shrubs or small trees, 1-4 m tal l . Leaves obovate, obliquely
cordate, serrate, pubescent beneath. Flowers bright red in axillary fascicles.
Fruits of 5 spirally twisted follicles, pubescent.
km: Cud&pah (CU) NN 191 Ln: Gubatada
Pods are fried and mixed with milk and later on given to
children to kill the intestinal wormslgerms.
Fruit and seed powder is given in milk to cure diabetes; sugar,
sweets, spicy foods, etc. should avoided. Aqueous extract of the seed is given
in dysentery and stomach-aches (Ye).
Root decoction mixed wi th turmeric powder and applied
externally to cure cuts and wounds.
m l i a w m ~ Roxb. (Photo 31)
Trees, bark whitish, papery, peeling off in flakes. Leaves,
palmately 3-5 lobed, crowded at the ends of branchlets. FIowers pak green
within with bright red centre, yellowish without, scented. FolIicles 4-5 lobed
with rusty brown stinging hairs. Seeds black, oblong.
h.: Kadiri (A) NN 146; Tirumala (CHI NN 267 h TapsilErrapoliki
The stembark i s pounded and made into small pils (about 2-4
gm). Two pills twice a day are given to patient for a week in the treatment
of rheumatic pains; also, the paste is tied on fractured part 6).
ERYTHROXYLACEAE
Erythroxylum mamogynurn Roxb.
Evergreen shrubs or small trees. Leaves ellipticavate. Flowers
pale grten with white disc, axillary, solitary or in clusters. Stamens Connate
at the base. Drupes oblong eliipsoid, red when ripe. .
k: NallamaIais {K) NN 364; Tirumala (CHI NN 329 Ln: Devadaru
Leaf juice given oraUy as a cooling beverage (5).
Oil extracted from the stembark o f the plant and seed of
Strychnos nux-vornica is used in the treatment of eczema M.
ZYGOPHYLLACEAE
Tribulus terrestris L.
Prostrate, villous herbs. Leaves paripinnate; leaflets eHiptic-
oblong. Flowers yellow, solitary, axilhry. Schizocarp with sharp, divaricate
spines.
Imcz Kadiri (A) NN 841 Ln: Nelapalleru
The fruits are credited with diuretic and tonic properties and
are used for the treatment of calculous affections and painful micturition.
OXAUDACEAE
IBiophytum sensitiwm (L.) DC.
Erect herbs. Leaves paripinnate, crowded at the top o f stem;
leaflets obovate, truncate. Flowers yellow in terminal umbels with short
pediceh. Capsules ellipsoid.
k.: Kodur (CU) NN 328; Tirumala (C) NN 384 Ln: Attipatri
The leaf is ground and applied externally to cure hydrocele and
leaf decoction given in gonorrhoea.
BALSAMINACEAE
*tiens h h m h L.
Erect herbs. haves ovate-lanceolate, sparsely pubescent, acute.
Flowers pale pink with a spur at the base, solitary or in dusters.
k: Talakona (CHI NN 331 & NN 292 Ln: Chitaka mukku puvvu
Flowers are used as cooling agent; paste of the whole plant is
used as an external application to burns and rheumatic pains rY).
RUTACEAE
Mle rnarmelos (L.) Correa
Small deciduous armed trees. Leaves 3-foliokite, ovate, acute.
Flowers white in axillary panicles. Fruit a berry. Seeds numerous embedded
in fleshy pulp.
Is.: Cuddapah (CU) NN 1479; Ahobilam (K) WN 874 Ln: Maredu chettu
Root infusion i s given or powder mixed with petroleum j e l y
applied over the affected part for the treatment of snake-bites (C).
Fruit-pulp and stem-bark decoction is taken internally with
cumin seeds t o treat stomach disorders and diarrhwa (C).
Leaf decoction i s given in diabetes.
Leaves are burnt and ash eaten with ghee to treat stomach
worms We).
Atabntia rnonophylk (L.) Correa (Photo 32)
Much branched thorny shrubs or small trees. Leaves ovate,
obtuse, coriaceous. Flowers white in umbels or corymbs. Fruit a k r y ,
giokse.
IAC.: Dhone (K) NN 873; Rajarnpet (CU) NN 1117 Ln: Adavi nirnrna
Fruit paste applied on paralysed part for 2 weeks; oil from
fruits (a f e w drops) mixed with milk given in the treatment of paralysis
CGS,.
*GIy;cosrnis ptaphylla (Retz.) DC.
Small evergreen urwrned trees. Leaves imparipinnate, alternate;
leaflets alternate or sub-opposite, elliptic-lancedate. Flowers white, fragrant
in axilhry panicles. Fruit a berry, gbbose, pinkish.
SIM AROUBACEAE
Ailanthus excels Roxb.
Trees, 10-1 5 m tall. Leaves impari-pinnate; leaflets 15-20 pairs,
alternate or subopposite, elliptic or rhomboidal, unequal at base, irregularly
dentate. Flowers yellow in large a x i l l a r y or terminal panicles. Fruit a
samara.
k.: Chandragiri (CH) PIN 431 Ln: Feddamanu
Vapours of boiled stembark inhaled for colds and coughs; bark
deccction given in chronic bronchitis and asthma.
BALANITACEAE
b i t e s acgyptiaca (1.) Del.; 8. roxburghii Planch.
Perennial shrubs or small trees, branches yellowish-green. Spines
straight,axillary. Flowets greenish-white, fragrant, axillary, few or many
flowered cymes. Fruit five ribbed, woody.
k.: Hindupur {A) NN 428; Atmakur (K) NN 287 .h Gara
Seed paste given internally thrice a day is said to be a very
effective drug in conception (oral contraceptive) (C, Ye).
OCHNACEAE
Ochna obtusata DC. var. garnblei (King ex Brandis) Kanis; 0. garnblei King
ex Brandis (Photo 33)
Small trees. Leaves elliptic-obovate, crenate-serrate, nerves
irregular, prominent. Flowers bright yellow in umbellate panicles. Drupes
ovoid.
k: Kodur ICU) NN 272 Ln: Kukka-mogi
Decoction of the root given in menstrual complaints and
poisonous bites.
O ~ M obtusata DC. var. dtusata ; & squarrosa auct non L.
Small trees or shrubs. Leaves simple, shining above, obovate
acute. Flowers fragrant, yellow in short umbellate or corymbose panicles.
Drupes ovoid.
k.: Tirumala (CHI NN 344 Ln: ErravuddilErra adugu
Stem-bark infusion is prescribed as a drink or paste applied
externally in cobra-bites (N).
BURSERACEAE
93aswellia ovalifoliolata Bal. & Henry (Pbto 3 4 )
Deciduous trees, bark ash coloured, peeling off in thin papery
flakes. Leaves irnparipinnate, alternate or crowded at the ends of branches;
leaflets sessile, ovate-oblong, unequal at base, glaucous beneath, veins
reddish. Flowers in axillary panicles. Drupes trigonous, consists of 3 bony
winged pyrenes. Seeds compressed.
k.: Tirurnala (CH) NN 254 Ln: Konda Sarnbrani ISeemaguggilamu
Cum oleoresin obtained from the stem and is dried, powdered
and dissolved in water, the extract obtained is mixed with curd given
internally to cure amoebic dysentery while the stem-bark decoction is given
in joint pains or rheumatic pains (N).
MELIACEAE
mrachta indica A. JUSS.
Large trees. Leaves i m p a r i p i n n a t e ; leaflets 9- 12, ovate-
lanceolate or ell iptic, as yrnrnetr ical, serrate. Flowers white, in elongated
axiilary panicles. Fruit a drupe, oblong.
k.: Uravakonda (A) NN 424; Tsllndupalli (CU) NN 179 h: Vepa
Leaf paste or seed oil applied externally in the treatment of
psoriasis.
Leaf juice taken internally to cure chronic skin diseases ($1.
*Cipa&ssa hccifera (Roth) Miq. ; C fruticosa Blurne
h s h y shrubs. Leaves imparipinnate, coarsely serrate; leaflets 4
pairs. Flowers small, white in panicles. Fruit a drupe.
k.: Tirupati (CH) NN 884; Punganur (CHI NN 361 tn: Potti-vepa
Stem-bark is boiled, the decoction so obtained is given as a
drink twice a day during menses to cure menstrual pains (Sl.
M e k amhrach 1.
Trees. Leaves 2 or 3-pinnate; leaflets 3-5 pairs. Flowers liliac in
long axillary panicles. Stamina1 tube dark purple. Fruit a drupe, oblong, i
seeded.
k: Sidhout (CU) NN 252; Kadiri (A) NN 132 Ln: Turaka vepa
Poultice of leaves and stem bark applied externally as ointment
for boils and wounds. Stem-bark decoction mixed with bulbous root powder of
Cyperus rotundus L. taken orally in the treatment of skin diseases (5).
OPILIACEAE
O p i l i amentacea Roxb.
Climbing shrubs. Leaves eUiptic, acuminate, rounded at base.
Flowers green, in axillary or extra-axillary racemes. Drupes oblong, apiculate,
with fleshy pericarp.
W Chittoor (CHI NN 412; TambaUapalli (CHI NN 415 Ln: Pacha necheri
Root paste is used as an antidote for snake bites. Leaf powder
mixed with equal amount of rock salt and filled into the cavities of carious
teeth in alternative days to arrest infection and swelling (5).
Flowers and fruits are cooked in coconut oil, then oil filtered
and applied to scalp for hair growth and in dandruff W).
CELASTRACEAE
Celasttus paniculatus Willd.
Unarmed stragglers. Branches prominently lenticebite. Leaves
ovate, acuminate, dentate. Flowers polygamous, pale yellow in terminal
paniculate cymes. Capsules g l o b , orange when ripe.
k.: Kuppam (CHI NPI 307; Srisailam (K) NN 377 h Jotismati
Stem-bark is boiled along with the root of Fnichelia charnpaca
and i t s tea is given twice a day in the morning for 3 days to induce
abortion of three to four or even up t o six months old pregnancy. 'Sharkth'
(solution of sugar in water) is given after the medicine to keep cool and
normal diet is allowed (YX
Seed oil given in mild paralysis; seed paste applied externally as
ointment and maceration of powder given internally twice a day for the
treatment of psoriasis (C).
HIPPOCRATEACEAE
*- chinensis L. . 2 5 priortoides DC.
Shrubs. Branches divaricate, glabrous. Leaves elliptic-lancedate
or oblong-elliptic, coriaceous, glabrous, minutely crenate-serrate or entire,
shortly acuminate, obtuse. Flowers yellow in axillary fascicles arising from
smalI tubercles.
k.: Ra jugunta (CHI NN 826
Root-bark powder given with lime water, as an effective remedy
for diabetes W).
RHAMNACEAE
Ventiliago rnaderaspatana Gaertn.
Much branched woody climbers. Leaves elliptic-acuminate.
Flowers green in terminal or axillary panicles. Samaras green, wings bifid at
apex.
k.: Kodur (CU) NN 420 Ln: Etta sarugudu
The decoction of the root bark mixed with powder of cumin and
black pepper used in the treatment of stomachic.
YITACEAE
-115 paUida (Wight k Am.) Planch. ; Vitis pallida Wight & Arn.
Stout rambling shrubs with glaucous stems. Leaves ovate-
orbicular, cordate at base, cuspidate. Flowers pale yeflow in umbellate
cymes. Fruit a berry, pyriform.
Lac;: Puttaparthi (A) NN 879 Ln: NaUa teega
Pouitice of the plant applied externally on broken bone for
effective bone-setting.
C k m @angularis L. ; Vitis quadran~uiaris (L.) Wall. ex Wight
Fleshy tendril climbers with glaucous sterns. Leaves ovate,
reniform. Flowers red in umbellate cymes. Berries red, globose, apiculate.
M.: Puttur {CH) NN 1031 Ln: Nalleru
Beaten stems are mixed with egg albumin, applied externally in
the treatment of fractured bones; fleshy stem and leaf juice given internally
once a day for 3 days to cure stomachaches.
Paste prepared from mixtures of plant and ragi (seed of
Eleusine coracana (L.) Caertn.) is baked on fire and cake eaten to cure
rheumatic back pains.
SAPlNDACEAE
Cardiwpcrmum - Wall .
Tendri l lar , c l i m b i n g herbs; stem deeply furrowed. Leaves
biternate, pubescent on both sides. Flowers in long peduncled umbellate
cymes. Capsules inflated, subglobose, triangular, not winged.
k: Punganur {CH) NN 236 Ln. Tella BudarnalPedda-budama
Plant juice is squeezed into ear to dear the foul smell and ear-
aches (5).
-1chera olema (Lour.) Oken ; S. t r i j u ~ Wilid.
Large deciduous trees. Leaves lyrately pinnate, opposite; leaflets
2-3 pairs. Flowers pale yellow. Fruit echinate.
h: Srisailam (K) NH 851; Ra jampet (CU) NN 816 Ln: PuIisaral&rsichettu
Paste of the stem-bark applied externally in the treatment of
skin diseases; stem is cut into small pieces and tied on the fractured part as
a pktster for the effecthe bone setting (C, S).
ANACARDLACEAE
-&urn d d e n t a k L.
Small spreading trees. Leaves obtuse, cuneate at base. Flowers
yellow streaked with pink colour, in terminal, prominently bracteate panicles.
Fruits resinous greenish-grey; nut on a yellow or scarlet fleshy peduncle.
Lnc.: Tirupati (CHI NN 878 Ln: &dimamidi
Oil obtained from the fruit kernel applied externally on the
affected part of the body in skin diseases, eczema and warts (N).
&rchanania axilkis (Desr.1 Ramam.;.B, an~st i fo l ia Roxb.
Trees. Leaves oblong-elliptic, base and apex obtuse. Flowers
white in terminal panicles. Drupes compresse6globose.
k.: Cudclapah (CU) NN 320 Ln: Morli, Sara
The gum benzoin from the plant dissolved in a glass of water is
given in rheumatic pains; fried seed powder is prescribed as an effective
digestive stimulant.
*Rhus r n m s i s G. Don
Thorny shrubs. Leaves alternate, trifolioiate, terminal leaflet
iar gest. Flowers minute, yellowish-green in axillary and terminal panicles.
Drupes small, brawn, glabrous, shining.
k: Chandragiri (CHI NN 220 In: SundarilKada purugudu
Leaves and flowers pounded with garlic and black pepper (3
seeds) made into pills and administered 2 pills a day for 15 days and paste
applied externally as ointment to treat piles; leaf and fruit used as poultice
in rheumatism (Y).
*-pus m d i u m L.f. (Photo 35)
Trees. Leaves thick, glabrous above, rusty villous below. Flowers
pie yellow, in terminal branched panicles. Drupes reniform, hypocarp fleshy.
b.: Tirumala (CHI NN 374 Ln: NalIa geedi
Seed oil ap~lied externally cure cuts. The oil is also applied
externally for the extraction of thorns without any pain; seed and hypocarp
used as vermifuge and in cancerous diseases.
M ORINGACEAE
Moringa pterygosperma Gaertn.; M. oleifera a w t . non Lam.
Moderate-sized trees. Leaves tri-pinnate; leaflets eiliptic.
Flowers white.
k.: Cuddapah (CU) NN 811; Punganur (CHI NN 372 h Munaga chettu
Roots are ground into paste with cow's milk and administered
internally for nine days in the treatment of epilepsy; root decoction is also
given in the treatment of sexual diseases gonorrhoea and syphilis (SL
Leaf and stem-bark juice used as eye-drops in eye disorders.
PAPIUDEIACEAE
Abrus -torim L.
Perennial wiry twiners. Leaves pinnate; leaflets deciduous.
Flowers whitish-pink in axillary racemes. Fruit 3-5 seeded. Seeds red with
black patch on hilum, shining.
k: Sidhout (CU) NN 315 Lfl: Gurivinda
Root paste mixed with cow's milk given in dysentery.
Leaf decoction is given to cure dry cough and throat infections.
Atylosia xarako ides (L.) knth.
Slender twiners. Branches clothed with pale yellow or grey
pubescence. Leaves trifoiiohte. Flowers yellow in short axilfary racemes.
Pods covered with brownish soft haris, 2-4 seed&.
k: Proddatur ICU) NN 387 tn: Adavi kandi
Decoction of the leaves given in dysentery; it is aIso mixed
with honey and given to women in labour pains.
Seed powder given with cow's m i k in improving vitality (as an
aphrodisiac).
B u w monosperma (Lam.) Taub. ; & frondosa Koen. ex Roxb.
Moderate sized deciduous trees. Leaves trifoliolate, glabrous,
coriacews, broadly obovate. Flowers appear before leaves, orange-scarlet
coloured. Pods flat, indehiscent.
k.: Dhone (K) NN 282; Punganur (CHI NN 423 h Moduga
Roots are ground with rice and washed with water and paste
applied on neck for the treatment of goitre.
Seed powder made into a paste with honey and applied into the
vagina before coition. This is repeated every time (C); seed paste prepared
as a soft porridge and eaten to expel stomach worms (S).
Cyamopsis tetrapnoloba (L) Taub.
Erect annual herbs; stems grooved. Leaves 3-f oliolate; leaflets
elliptic, hairy on both sides. Flowers purple in axihry racemes. Pods s u b
tetragonal. Mostly cultivated in fields.
k-: ~handragiri (CH) NN 331; Kodur (CUJ NN 702 h Motikkayalu
Fruits are boiled and its d m i o n i s given or fruits are used as
fried curry to cure diabetes.
Leaf juice ve tzed into eyes to a r e night blindness.
M m m pruriens (L.1 DC. ; M. prurita Hoqk.
Slender climbers. Leaves Efoiiolate; leaflets rhomboid-ovate.
Flowers purple in axillary racemes. Fruits with appressed brown stinging,
bristles, '5' shaped. Seeds subrenifwm, glabrous.
Loc.: Cbandragiri ICH) NN 382; Kodur (CHI NN 467 Ln: NaJlateeta Kanthiril
Doolagondi kaya.
lnfusion of the leaves is given as a drink in scorpion stings.
Seeds are boiled and its decoction i s prescribed as a drink t o cure snake
bites and scorpion poison (C).
Seeds are also used as an aphrodisiac; seeds are boiled wi th
mwYs milk till the latter becomes thick. Seeds should now be decwticated
and pounded and fried in 'ghee' (clarified butter) and made into a confection
with sugar. The resultant mass steeped in honey and consumed daily for the
said property (Y).
wia w jeinensis (Roxb.1 Hochr.; & dalbergioides Benth.
Moderate-sized, often gregarious trees. Very pretty when its
masses of rose-coloured flowers are open before the new leaves appear.
k: Nalhmahis (K) PIN 832 h. Vanda~muchettu
Sttmbark decoction mixed with black pepper (3 seeds) used in
urinary disorders; plant juice given in dysentery (S, C)-
malea cohylifolia L.
Subshrubs. Branchlets glandular-pubescent, warty. Leaves 1 - foliolate, ovate. Flowers purpfish-violet in axiilary racemes. Pod indehiscent.
Seed solitary, reniform.
Lor;: Srisailam (K) NN 353 Ln: Bavanchaalu
Seed powder mixed with few drops of sesame oil (Sesamum
indicurn) and given with lime water for urinary disorders and leucoderma (C). -
-rpw santalirms L.f. (Photo 36 & 37)
Moderate-sized trees with blood-red heart-wood. Leaves 3-
foliolate; leaf lets ovate, rounded at both ends, slightly emarginate. Flowers
yellow in axillary and terminal racemes.
k: Ra jampet (CU) NN 41 9; Tirupati hills (CHI NN 290
In: Raktachandanamu
Leaf paste is applied externally in the treatment of skin
diseases (N).
Stem bark made into fine powder given with soft porridge for
the treatment of diarrhoea.
Drinking water in wooden cups given as a drink twice a day or
decoction is given to control diabetes.
fPueraria tuberosa DC. (Photo 38)
Large climbing shrubs with huge tuberous roots. Leaves 3-
foliolate. Flowers bluish to light red in dense panicles. Pods flattened,
covered with bristly hairs.
k: Srisaihm (K) NN 341; Tirupati (CHI NN 311
Ln: Magasirigaddalvidarikanda.
The tuber acts as an aphrodisiac, for t h e medicine mixture
inwlves; first boiling the tubers in goat or cow% mik and later the dried
extract is made into powder. To this powder nutmeg, mace and cardamoms
are added and the mixture consumed daily at bed time (C).
Root paste mixed in mustard oil and applied over the joints in
the treatment of rheumatiod arthritis M.
S s h h grandiflara (L.) Poir.
Small soft wooded trees. Leaves pinnate; leaflets oblong,
pubescent. Flowers large yellowish-cream in terminal racemes. Cultivated in
fields.
h.: Punganur (CH) NN 279 . Ln: Avisa
Sternbark juice given in fevers; leaf decoction given in the
treatment of kidney stones.
Flower juice used as eye drops for night blindness (5).
CAESALPINIACEAE
Caesalpinia uista L.; C. bonducella (L.) Fleming
Large straggling shrubs armed with prickles. Leaves pinnate;
leaflets obovate, with large foliaceous stipdes. Flowers ye l low in racemes.
Pods oblong, inflated with silky hairs, stiff when dry.
k.: Rayachoty (CU) NN 379 Ln: Gatchakaya
Leaves are macerated with biack pepper and garlic given for
preventing abortion (anti-abortifacient) while leaf juice administered
internally in the treatment of epilepsy (Ye). Seed docoction i s given oraily in
rheumatism and paste applied to the testes for the treatment of h y d r e l e .
Cassia absus L.
Viscous annual or biennial herbs. Leaves paripinnate; leaflets 2
pairs, ovate, membranous. Flowers red or flame coloured in racemes. Pods
glandular hairy, 7 seeded.
IXK;: Puttur (CHI NN 762 h. Chanupaala vithulu
Leaves are pounded with egg albumin and applied externally as
a plaster for bone-settinghone fractures (Y).
The whole phnt is pounded with tubers of Aspara~us ~onoclados
Bak. applied an breasts to increase milk secretion (as a galactagogue) (Y,
Ye).
.Cassia amicuJaia L.
Erect shrubs. Leaves with a gland between each pair of leaflets;
stipules foliaceous and reniform. Flowers yellow in terminal or axillary
corymbose racemes.
k.: Kodur (CU) N N 1 14 Ln: Tangedu
Juice of the leaves and flowers with fruit powder of Terminalia
pallida given orally for 40 days to cure or control: diabetes. - fistula L.
Medium-sized trees. Leaf lets glabrous, ovate. Flowers bright
~euow in long racemes, drooping.
h: Chittoor (CH) NN 802 h: Rela
Maceration of the stem-bark prescribed as a drink to cure back-
aches.
Maceration of roots is given thrice a day to cure asthma.
Seed paste is given with hot water to treat constipation (Ye).
+Cassia mmtana Heyne t x Roth
Perennial shrubs. Leaves without glands; leaflets usually 9 pairs
or more, ovate or oblong mucronate. Flowers yellow in corymbs. Pods flat,
spiculate.
Loc.: Penukonda (A) NN 397 Ln: KonQtangedulPagadatangedu
Leaves are warmed with fresh cow-dung and bandaged on painful
body parts to cure body-aches.
Cassia omidentalis L.
Glabrous herbs. Leaves pinna*. Flowers yellow in axillary
racemes. Pods many seeded, glabrous, flat. .
k.: Rayachoty (CU) NN 822; Allagadda (K) NN 701 Ln: KasindalPedda
Kasinda.
Root and leaf juice mixed with f ew drops of sesame o i l
(Sesamum indicum) and is given to treat skin diseases, scabies; one
tablespoonful of leaf powder is given daily with milk to control diabetes (C).
*Pterolobiurn hexapetalum (Roth) Sant. & Wagh ; 5 indicum A. Rich.
(Photo 39)
Prickly climbing shrubs. Leaves bipinnate; leaflets 4-8 pairs.
Flowers white in bx axillary or terminal racemes. Pods I-seeded, reddish-
brown, winged at apex.
k.: Tirupati (CH) NN 274 In: Erra-sikaiicheeki
Tender leaves and pods made into decoction to treat diarrhoea,
Constipation while seed paste applied externally in the treatment of piles
MIMOSACEAE
Acacia niIotica (L.1 Willd. ex Del. ssp. indica (&nth.) Brenan ; A. arabica
(tam.) Willd.
Medium sized armed trees. Leaves 2-pinnate; Ieafkts 1520
pairs, linear-oblwtg, sub-sessile. Flowers minute, yellow in globose heads. Pod
a lomenturn.
Loc.: Puttur (CHI NN 323 h TummalNalla thumrna
Infusion of tender leaves is applied locally in case of eczema.
Gum obtained from bark made into decoction with garlic and black pepper is
given in viral hepatitis (Ye).
Dry fruit kernel is made into powder, about 2 gm given to
women twice a day with goat's milk in arresting leucorrhoea 0.
Dichrmtachys cinema (L.) Wight & Am. (Photo 40)
Small thorny trees. Leaves bipinnate; leaflets small, sessile.
Flowers in dense cylindrical spikes; upper yellow, lower pink. Pods twisted.
k.: Srikaiahasti (CH) NN 265 h: Veluturu chettu
Infusion of the root given internally in urinary calculi and renal
troubles.
Tender shoots of the plant are bruised and applied to the eyes
in cases of eye disorders (Y).
Entada rheedii Spreng. ; E. pursaetha DC.; & scandens auct. non knth.
(Photo 41)
Unarmed lianes; branches twisting. Leaves 2-pinnate; leaflets 4
Pairs, ovate-acuminate; rachis with strongly forked hooked tendrils. Flowers
Pale-yellow, scented in axilhry spikes. Pods large falcate, woody, valves
splitting transversely into 1 -seeded segments. Seeds bony, shining.
k.: Talakona (CHI NN 589; Nallamalais (K) NN 872 h: Gilatega
Seed powder admin i s t ered internally with cold water for
effective cure in snake-bites (C).
Seed paste applied on affected part of the body, legs t o treat
rheumatic pains (N).
+Mimosa pudica L.
Prostrate prickIy undershrubs with sensitive leaves and purple
flowers in heads.
k.: BanganapalIi IK), NN 367 h Attipatti
Root i s said to be a very effective drug t o prevent conception.
Three pieces of well washed root each about three-fourths t o
one inch tong are crushed and ground thoroughly and then three pilb are
made out of this mass. From the third day of the menses t h e female
concerned should take orally one pill daily for three days after the bath in
the morning, with about half a glass (or palmful) of water (S).
COMBRETACEAE
Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.1 Roxb.
Large deciduous trees with bluish grey, fissured bark. Leaves
crowded at the end of branchlets. Flowers greenish-yellow in axillary spikes.
Fruits ovoid, brown-pubescent.
Lot.: Palamaner (CH) NN 424; Rajampet (CU) N N 197 Ln: Tandrakaya
Dry fruit kernel made into powder, about one tablespoonful is
given in hot water twice a day orally in the treatment peptic ulcers (Y).
Fruit powder with cotyledons of Emblica off ic inal is and fruit
p w d e r of Terminalia chebula are mixed in equal parts and given orally twice
a day for 15 days to treat piles (5).
Terminalia chebuk Retz.
Trees. Leaves obovate, densely woolly below. Flowers yellow in
terminal or axillary spikes.
Loc.: Cuddapah (CU) NN 165 h Karaka
Fruit powder given internally with hot water once in a day to
treat peptic ukers.
-Terminalia pallida Brandis (Photo 42)
Small sub-evergreen trees . Leaves ovate, rounded a t base,
obtuse or emarginate at apex. Flowers yellow in terminal or axillary spikes.
Fruits obovoid, 5-ridged.
k.: Tirurnala hills (CHI NN 388; Kodur (CU) NM 165 Ln: TeUa-karaka
Fruit decoction given as a drink in diarrhoea. Also, infusion of
the dry fruit kernel w i t h root of Pimpinella tirupatiensis is given in the
treatment of venereal diseases and peptic ukers (N).
Maceration of fruit powder is given orally as a drink, twice a
day for 25 days in diabetes (5).
Psidium gua java J..
Medium sized trees; bark thin and smooth, exfoliating in flakes
Flowers white, axillary, solitary or in pairs. Fruits greenish-yellow. - . . . . .-,+-
Lac-: Sidhout (CU) NN 314 ' h Jarna . : 3 .. u.5
-. :
9 2
Root decoction given orally twice a day to cure venereal
diseases (Ye).
+*Syzygium alternifolium (Wight) Walp. (Photo 43)
Trees. Leaves alternate, primary nerves many, united close t o the
margins. Flowers yellowish-white, scented in lateral cymes. Berries spherical.
Lnc;: Tirurnala (CHI NN 1 I41 Ln: MogilAdavinerudu
Seed powder given orally with water 3 times a day after food
as a remedy in controlling diabetes.
Syzygium cumini (L.1 Skeels; 5, jambolanum (Lam.) UC.
Large evergreen trees. Leaves ovate-lanceolate. Flowers in
paniculate clusters. Berries oblong-globose,deep purple when ripe.
k.: PulivendIa (CU) NN 255; Tamballapalli (CHI NN 309
Ln: Ailaneredu
Juice of the tender leaves, stembark and seed given orally to
cure blood motions and &a used in dissolving the kidney stones 6).
MELASTOMATACEAE
-lon u-mm Burm. f.
Moder ate-sized semi-evergreen trees. Leaves leathery, shining.
Flowers bluish-white in umbellate cymes. Berries globose.
k.: Puttur (CH) NN 829; Cuddapah (CU) NN 881 L n : P e d d a a 1 1 i I
Nlichettul~ukka alli.
Leaf d e c ~ t i o n given orally t o cure leucorrhoea and decoction of
inflorescence given in psoriasis.
LYTHRACEAE
b m i a baccifera L.
Erect subaquatic herbs. Leaves linear-oblong. Flowers minute,
red in dense clusters in the axils of leaves.
Lac.: Pahmaner (CHI NN 434 Lm Agnivendramu
The plant i s prepared as a liniment and applied locally for
burning pains in the eyes.
Decoction of the plant administered w i th ginger and Cyperus
rotundus root for intermittent fevers (YI
lawsmia k m i s L.
Glabrous deciduous shrubs. Leaves lanceohte. Flowers white in
terminal panicles. Capsules globose, irregularly bursting.
k: Srisailam (K) NN 271 Lxl: Gorintaku
The leaf is rubbled on a stone and the paste so obtained is
applied to cure pimples; fine leaf paste with l i t t l e water administered
internally twice a day for 15 days t o control bleeding piles. Restr: Tight
clothing, Tamarind.
PUNICACEAE
Rmica panaturn L.
Shrubs or smal l trees. Leaves oblong, obovate-oblanceolate.
Flowers red. Fruit globose with thick coriaceous reddish-brown rind. Seeds
numerous, pulpy.
Loco: Kalikiri (CH) NN 281 Ln: Danimma
Stem-bark decoctiotr given as a tonic; the decoction of
immature fru i t i s (about 15 m l ) used t o prepare soft porridge and given
every morning t o cure peptic ulcers.
Flowerbuds are boiled and drunk twice a day to treat blood in
faeces and dysentery.
CARICACEAE
Carica papaya L.
Soft wooded, rapidly growing trees. Leaves large, palmatifid,
with long hollow petioles. Flowers dioecious; male flowers in long drooping
panicles, female i n f e w flowered clusters.
k: Rayachoty (CU) NN 962 Ln: ParindalBoppayi
Innerbark of the stem is boiled and decoction drunk twice a day
in dental caries (Ye).
Milky latex obtained from green, immature fruits is extensively
used as anthelmintic and green fruits particularly effective in expulsion of
lumbrici; seed powder is added to porridge to cure amoebic dysentery.
CUCURSITACEAE
Citrdhs colocynthis (L.) Schrader
Diffuse hirsute herbs. Leaves deeply-lobed, triangular, rigid.
Flowers monoecious, pale yellow, solitary. Fruits sub-globo~e,~triped with
green and white when young; yellow when ripe. Seeds many.
Loc.: Sidhout (CU) NN 830; Penukonda (A) NN 385 Ln: Chedu pucchal Verri
puccha.
Infusion of root, leaf and fruit is considered an effective
remedy for stomach worms We).
Coccinia grandis (1.1 Voigt ; C. indica Wight & Arn.
Climbers; Stems much branched, angular. Leaves entire t o
palmately lobed with a few glands on the lower surface. Fruits subglabrous,
round on both ends; pulp red, juicy.
h.: Kadiri (A) NN 32 Ln: Kaaki-dondalDonda
Leaf decoction is drunk to cure stomach worms (round and tape
worms), also fruit juice given orally to cure stomach worms.
Root powder given with water i n the treatment of head-aches
and diabetes.
Corallocarpus epigaeus {Rottl. & Willd.) Clarke; Bryonia epi~aca Rottl.
(Photo t 4 & 45)
Glabrous climbing herbs from a large tuberous root stock. Leaves
variable in shape. Flowers monoecious, greensih-yellow, axillary. Fruits
ellipsoid, scarlet in the middle, green at both ends.
Loc.: Srikalahasti (CH) NN 418; Srisailam (K) NN 1036 Ln: Nagadondal
Pamudonda.
lnfusion of the tubers given orally in snake bites (C, Y).
&enaria siceraria (Molina) Standley; L. vulgaris Ser.
Climbing or trailing herbs.
k: Palamaner (CHI NN 275 Ln: AnabapadulSorakay a
Seed powder mixed with sugarandy, dry grapes and cashewnut
given, in increasing vitality, (as an aphrodisiac). Ash of the plant is given in
urinat y disorders.
Momordica charantia L.
Slender twining annual herbs with yellow flowers.
k: Punganur {CHI NN 877 Ln: Kakara
Twigs are pounded along with the root of Alan~ium salvifolium,
black pepper and this juice is administered internally; also, paste applied
externally for 20 days in the treatment of piles, Restr: Chillies, fatty oil W),
Fruit juice or fried curry given once in a day for 21 days to
control diabetes.
*Momordica cymbatari Hook. f.; M. tuberosa (Roxb.) Cogn. ; Luffa tuberosa
Roxb. {Photo 46)
Perennial woody climbers with a tuberous rootstocks; tendrils
filiform. Leaves orbicular, reniform, glabrous, cordate. Flowers monoecious,
yellow, 2-5 mak flowers in racemes;, female solitary, axillary. Fruits dark
green and ribbed, pyriform or broadly fusiform. Seeds blackish grey.
lor;: Pulivendla (CU) NN 886 Ln: Kasara
Juice of the fruit given in diabetes.
AaoACEAE
Trianthema par-trum L.
Annual prostrate, glabrous herbs. Leaves opposite, obovate.
Flowers small, white, axiUary, sheathed by the base of the petiole. Fruits
capsular.
k: Pungamrr (CHI NM 266 Ln: ArnbatimadulYerra-gali jeru
Leaf juice (about one glass) is given daily once for 5 days to
cure bronchitis.
Leaf and stem powder mixed with turmeric in water; applied
to cure vaginal discharges (5).
UMBEUIFERAE (APIACEAE)
Centelk asiatia (L.) Urban; Nydrocotyle asiatica L.
Prostrate herbs, rooting at the nodes. Leaves orbicular palmately
nerved. Flowers sessile red, axillary.
k.: Banaganapalii (K) NN 391 Ln: KudakasagalSaraswathiaku
Plant decoction given in the treatment of leprosy; also juice of
the plant given in nervous disorders.
"Pimpinella tirupatiensis Balkr. et Subram. (Photo 47)
Erect herbs with tuberous root-stocks. Lower leaves simple,
upper leaves palmately 3partite. Flowers white in compound umbels.
Loc.: Tirumala hills (CH) NN 1620 h Adavi KotimeeralKomaligadda.
Infusion of the tuber pounded with coconut, sugar, cashew-nuts
and boiLed in cowts milk taken orally twice a day for ten days to promote
potency (considered as an aphrodisiac) (Y).
R o o t powder (about 250 mg) mixed with fruit powder of
Terminalia chebuIa Retz. in hot water given orally once in a day for 3 days
in peptic ulcers (N).
NANCIACEAE
Alangium dvifoIium (L-f.) Wang. ; larnarckii Thw.
Small deciduous trees. Leaves alternate, elliptic, unequal at the
base. Flowers whitish-green in axillary fascicles. Berries ellipsoid.
h.: Pulivendla (CU) NN 106 Ln: Udaga
Leaf paste appiied externally twice a day with hot water in the
treatment of piles. Restr: AlcohoIic beverages, cycling.
Decoction of the leaf and stem-bark administered internally the
to cure rheumatic pains and body swellings.
Gardenia wmmifera L.f.
Large shrubs to small trees. Leaves in whorls, sessile, shining
elliptic-ovate, sub-acute, glabrous, stipules connate. Fruits ellipsoid.
k Atmakur (K) M N 1842 Ln: BikkilManchibikki
Gum from the stem dissolved in water and given in constipation
and as an effective drug in stomach worms (tape worms and round worms).
*Haldim cordi fo l ia (Roxb. 1 Ridsdale; Adina cordifolia (Roxb.) Hook. f. ex
Brandis
Deciduous trees. Leaves cordate, pubescent beneath. Flowers in
globose heads. Capsules in clusters; seeds many, winged.
k.: Nandikotkur (K) NN 887 Ln: Pasupu kadimilRudra ganapa
Decoction of the stem-bark given in fevers and diarrhoea;
stipules and sternbark of the plant is ground into a paste with bkck pepper
and sesame seeds given to women twice a day for three days in menstrua!
pains.
k l y o t i s pubwuh (G. Don) Am.; Oldenlandia umbelbta L.
Diffuse biennial or perennial herbs, often woody at the base.
Leaves sessile. Flowers lilac in small irregular, axillary peduncl td umbels.
Capsules globose, crowned wirh calyx teeth.
lac.: Palamaner (CHI NN 876; Lakkireddy palli {CU) NN 295 Ln: Chiriveru
Maceration of the whole plant given in dysentery and diarrhoea.
*Nawka orientalis (L.) L.; Sarcocephalus cordatus (Roxb.) Miq.
A medium sized ornamental tree.
Lac.: Tirumala hills (CHI NN 450 Ln: Ra jakadambarnu
Decoction of the stem bark given orally t o cure rheumatism and
constipation.
Rubia cordi foh L.
Climbing scabrous herbs. Branches quadrangular. Leaves in
whorls. Flowers greenish-yellow, in terminal or axillary paniculate cymes.
Berries globose.
Loc.: Tirumaia hills (CH) N?I 333; Nallamalais {K) NN 393 I n : Man jista
teega.
Leaves are made into decoction used for healing chronic
stomach ulcers. Stem-bark powder mixed with unboiled milk of goat, garlic,
black pepper and wild turmeric and then filtered. The juice thus obtained is
given into stomach to cure epilepsy and blood pressure.
Spermacoce hispida I. ; Borreria hispi& (L.) K. Schum.
Annual procumbent hispid herbs. Leaves opposite, obovate,
sessile. Flowers bluish-purple in axillary cymes. Fruits of mericarps,
coriaceous.
h.: Rayachoty (CU) NN 444 Ln: MadanakadalMadanabudatha
Root and seed powder consumed with sugar and considered i t as
an aphrodisiac; the plant juice given with black pepper and garlic in the
treatment of jaundice.
ASTERACEAE (COM WSITAE)
mipta prostrata (L.) L.; E. alba (1.1 Hassk.
Erect or suberect, strigosely hirsute herbs. Leaves elliptic-oblong
strigosely hairy. Heads white or pale blue, axillary, terminal, solitary or in
pairs. Achenes compressed.
loc: Chandragiri (CHI NN 67 Ln: Guntagin jaraaku
Juice of the plant given twice a day for 2 days in jaundice.
Diet: buttermilk and curd (yogurt) without salt and spices.
Also, flower buds are ground in sesame oil and rubbed on
temple as an effective remedy in headaches (Y).
*-a grandiflora DC. {Photo 48)
Fleshy gIabrous undershrubs. Leaves obovate or lanceolate.
Flowers pale yellow, turning green, in homogarnous heads.
Lor;: Kuppam (CH) NN 840 Ln: Kukkanaiukaku
Leaves and stems are made into juice, mixed with bitter-gourd
(Momordica chacantia L.) powder and is taken internaUy to cure hydrophobia;
leaf decoction is given in the treatment of dog-bites (Ye).
* h i 0 tenuifoli~ Burm. f .
Annual slender, much branched herbs. Leaves sessile, pinnatifid.
F l o w s yellow.
k: Puttur (CHI NN 546 Ln: Kottirneera chamanti.
Infusion of the plat1 t rnixed wi t11 sugar is given internally 3
times per day t o cure amenorrhoea and dysmenorrhoea.
weranthus ind im L.
Aromatic herbs w i t h glandular hairy winged stem. Leaves
obovate-oblong, serrate. Flower in heads, small, ovoid, pink.
k.: Kadiri (A) NN 82 Ln: Bodataramu
Sap from the flowers used as eye drops in eye irritation and
eye diseases.
Fruits are boiled and its tea is given in stomach worms (round
and tape worms); juice of root and flower buds is drunk in filariasis.
Vernonia anthelmintica (L.1 Willd.; Centratherum ant helminticum (L.) 0.
Kuntze
Small shrubs or stout herbs. Leaves obovate, hairy. Flowers in
heads, purple.
k.: Srisailam (K) NN 836 Ln: Adivi jeelakarralGaritakmmi
Fruits are boiled with black pepper and garlic and its decoction
given in diarrhoea; infusion of the plant given in stomach worms (round and
tape worms) (C).
Vemmia &ea (L.) Less.
Much variable erect herbs. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute.
Heads pale pink or purple-violet in terminal panicles. Achenes clothed with
white hairs.
k.: Srikalahasti (CH) NN 126 bx Sahadevi
Entire plant is g r a n d into paste and mixed with few drops of
sesame (Sesamum indicurnl oil used externally t o treat boils and blisters.
Also, t h e plant is pounded along with a little salt, applied
locally with sesame oil and juice administered internally t o cure piles (Y).
*Vim indica (L.) DC,
Erect, suffruticose herbs. Leaves sessile, auricled at base.
Flowers light-yellow heads. Achenes villous.
IK.: Tirumala (CH) NN 338 Ln: Sale chamanti
Leaf juice given internally to cure cough and inflammation of
the body. Seed paste applied to temples in case of headaches. Root paste
applied locally to relieve scorpion poison and smoked with cotton cloth to
reduce the suffering (N).
Plumbago a u r b t a lam.; P. capensis Thunb.
Bushy shrubs, grown as an ornamental.
Lac.: Nallamalais (K) NN 862 Ln: Chitrika
Maceration of root and seed given in pyorrhoea and dental
caries.
Plumbago zeylanica L. (Photo 49)
Scandent under-shrub, often wmdy at base. Leaves ovate, long
petioled, often auricled at base. Flowers white in terminal, panickd spikes.
G p s ~ l e s oblong, enclosed in gtanduiar persistant calyx.
h: Shikalahasti (CH) NN 182 Ln: Chitramularnu
Root is fried in the fire of 'paddy huski, then taken out and
pwdered. Approximately 3 g of this powder is given orally with water to
the female concerned daily in the morning on empty stomach for three days
beginning with the 3rd day of the menses, repeated for 4-5 months in the
same manner for complete sterilization (Y).
MYRSW ACEAE
*Ardisia soinacea Roxb.; -- A. humilis auct. non Vahi
Glabrous, branched shrubs. Leaves crowded at the ends of
branches, fleshy, shining, ovate-oblong. Flowers pale pink to rosy white in
axillary corymbs.
k.: Tirumala (CHI NN 479; Hotsely Hills {CHI NN 1004
Lm Pagadamulaka.
Infusion of the leaves and flowers with black pepper and garlic
given in whooping cough; decoct ion of the root given in diarrhoea and
rheumatic pains (N).
SAPOTACEAE
Madhuca hn@folia (Koen.) Macbr. var. latifob (Roxb.) A. Cheval. ; Bassia
latifolia Roxb.
Trees. Leaves clustered at the ends of the branches. Flowers
pale-yellow, scented in dense panicles. Berries ovoid.
hc.: Atrnakur (K) NN 1661 Ln: lppachettu
Oil from the raw fruits mixed with milk administered internally
in the treatment of leprosy.
Flower juice is given in bronchitis (Cb
Mimusops ebengi L.
Evergreen trees. Leaves eiiiptic-ob iong to lanceolate. Flowers
=reamish-white, solitary. brries ovoid, fleshy. Seeds black.
h.: Punganur (CHI NN 1 146 Ln: Pogadachettu
Leaf powder is given in milk twice a day for 40 days in
diabetes.
Juice of the stembark and fruit given in dental caries.
Flowers are consumed by women to control menstrual pains (S).
EBENACEAE
*Diospyros chlorouylon Roxb.
Shrubs. Branchlets pubescent. Leaves sparsely hairy above,
tornentose below. Flowers unisexual, white, male in capitate cymes; female
solitary. Berries globose.
Loc: Alhgadda (K) NN 1357 Ln: Ullinda
Leaf decoction (about half a glass) given in diarrhoea; also, fruit
powder (about one tablespoonful) is added to porridge in hot water and eaten
as an effective remedy in diarrhoea (C, 5).
SALVADOR ACE AE
Azima tetramntha Lam.
Much branched spreading shrubs, armed with Csharp spines at
each node. Leaves elliptic-obovate, mucronate. Flowers white, small in groups
of sessile, axi tlar y fascicles. Berries globose, gre yish-white-
Lac.: Srikalahasti (CH) 337 h Tellauppi
A handful of leaves mixed with equal quantity of leaves of
Toddalia asiatica are pounded and the juice is squeezed out through a cloth. --
A red hot shaft of iron is plunged into the liquid and then administered for
the treatment of fever with shivering and rheumatic pains.
*Salvadora ~rs i<ra L. var. w i g h t i a ~ (Planch. ex Thw.) Verdc.; - S. persica
sensu Roxb.
Large evergreen shrubs with drooping branches. Leaves elliptic-
oblong, chartaceous, acute, apiculate. Flowers small in axillary panicled
racemes, creamish-yellow.
LOG: Chandragiri (CHI NN 902 Ln: Turaka gogulvaragogu
Leaves are burnt and the smoke is inhaled to treat nasal
bleeding.
Root decoction with black pepper and garlic is given as a drink
t o treat gas in stomach.
About 10 gms of fresh bark is crushed and boiled with a pinch
of black pepper powder, garlic and a s@ck of salt in 200 ml water. I t is
taken with cooked rice as juice to treat pain in the limbs.
About 10 ml of juice using stembark of the plant and given
daily once for three days during menses. This treatment w i l l check
conception in the month it is applied.
APrnACEAE
Car- spinarum L.
Thorny s h r u b s w i t h zig-zag b r a n c h e s . Leaves ovate or
suborbicular, entire, acute. Flowers white in axillary cymes. Berries globose,
purplish-black.
k: Pulivendla (CU) NN 404 In: KalirnilKalivi
Decoction of the ieaves given intetnauy in the treatment of
intermittent fevers.
Holarrhena pubescens (BuchrHam.1 Wallkh ex G. Don ; antidysenterica
(Roxb. ex Fleming) Wall.
Trees. Leaves ovate or elliptic-oblong. Flowers white in a x i k y
and terminal corymbose cymes. Follicles of 2 terete elongate, mericarps
paired, curved.
h.: Kuppam (CHI NN 297 h KolamukhilKodisapala
Stem-bark of the plant is boiled and its tea given in dysentery
and blood in faeces; root-bark decoction with seed powders (1 gm) of black
pepper and cumin given internally with curd in diarrhoea.
Ichnocarpus frmwm (L.1 R. &.
Extensively branched climbing evergreen shrubs. Leaves elliptic-
Ianceolate, glabrous above, pubescent beneath. Flowers white in axillary and
terminal panicuiate cymes.
Loc.: Tirurnala (CHI NN 299 . h NallateegalIllu-katte
Root-juice given orally to cure cold, cough and chronic fevers;
root powder mixed with root powder of Curculi~o orchioides given with milk
t w i c e a day for 15 days in improving the potency or virility {as an
aphrodisiac).
kwoLfia serpentha (L.) Benth. ex Kurz.
H e r b a c w undershrubs mostly in cleared forest areas also,
cultivated in gardens.
k: Chandragiri (CH) NN 386 Ln: Sarpagandhi
Root infusion given as a drink to treat snake bites; also root
ÿ ate applied externally t o treat eczema (Y).
Decoction of the stem-bark used during bathe or inhale steam
to treat epilepsy.
*Irightia arborea (Dennst.) Mabberley; W. tornentosa Roem. k Schultes
(Photo 50)
Deciduous trees. Branchlets tornentose. Leaves pubescent on the
nerves above, tomentose below. Flowers pale yellow, in terminal corymbose
cymes. Fruit with rnericarps united throughout, grooved.
Loc.: Talakona (CII) NN 870 Ln: Jeddapala
Stem-bark (about 40 gm) along with sternbark of Ficus
ben~halensis, root bark of Alan~ium salvifolium and sesame seeds (about 10
gm) are boiled and the decoction given internally twice a day for 25 days as
an effective remedy in piles. Restr: Chillies and fatty oils IN).
Stern-bark and seeds are cooked and eaten to treat stomach
upset in children; also juice of the stembark given in inflammatory swellings
and rheumatism (Y).
Wrighth t W i {Roxb.) R. Br.
Medium sized deciduous trees. Leaves ovate-elliptic. Flowers
white in terminal or axiliary cymes. Follicles narrow, jointed at the ends.
k.: Tirupati (CH) NN 108 Ln: PalavarenilReppala
Leaves and stem-bark are boiled and thus obtained decoction is
administered. Simultaneously paste applied externally in infected piles.
Infusion of leaf and fruit given in rheumatism.
ASCLEPIADACEAE
Calotropis giganiea (L .I R-Br.
Large milky shrubs. The branches, leaves and inflorescence
covered with loose soft white wool. Leaves opposite decussate. Flowers
white, in compound cymes, axillary. Grolla lobes recurvtd.
k: Sidhout ICU) NN 78 Ln: Tella j illedu
Latex from the stems mixed with tamarind (Tamarindus indicus)
juice and given in menstrual pains. Root paste applied externally to cure
elephantiasis.
Calotropis procera IAit.) R. Br.
Milky shrubs. Flowers pink, purple spotted in axillary cymes;
corolla lobes straight.
k.: Sidhout (CU) NN 79 Iln: Yerra-3iUedu
Roots pounded in water and mixed with oil from fruit of
Madhuca lon~ifol ia (Koen.) Macbr., and administered internally to treat
leprosy.
*Carduma adscendens (Roxb.) Haw. var. adscendens
A fleshy leafless herb among bushes.
Lot.: Tirupati (CHI NN 371 h Kundelukommulu
Fleshy stems given in stomach disorders, also considered as
anthelmintic and cooling beverage.
*Caralluma adscendens (Roxb.1 Haw. var. attenuata (Wight) Grav. dc
Mayurnathan & attenuata Wight
Perennial, leafless fleshy herbs. Stems 4-gonous, gradually
tapering towards the end. Flowers yellow with dark purple tinge on the lobes,
on elongated branchlets. Follicles in pairs, slender.
k.: Tirupati (CHI NN 125 Ln: Kun janakommu
Fleshy stems are made into juice given about one teaspoonful
twice a day in stomach disordersJabdomina1 pains.
*Caralluma umbeilata Haw. ; Boucerosia umbellata (Haw.) Wight ti Arn. ;
Caralluma campanulata (Wight) N.E.Br. (Photo 51)
Erect succulent herbs; stems angled. Leaves absent. Flowers
terminal in many-flowered umbels. Corolla lobes variable in colour with deep
pur pte mar kings over a y e l i o w background. Follicles cylindrical, hooked at
apex.
k.: Tirumala (CHI NN 867; Penukonda (A) MN 380 Ln: Kundelukommulu
Fleshy stems are eaten in the treatment of abdominal pains (Y).
@q=gia b u l b Roxb.
Slender, fleshy twining herbs with tuberous roots.
k: Srisailam (K) NN 150 Ln. Manchimadana/Nimataigadhlu.
Decoction of the tubers given as a tonic and also considered
digestive stimulant.
bopegia juncea Roxb.
ZI Twining h e g with tuberous roots; w i t h fleshy sterns. Leaves , .
lanceolate, deciduous. Flowers brownish-pur plc, solitary or iu cymes, axillary.
Follicles cylindric.
k: Lakkireddipalli (CU) NN 330 Ln: Bellagadda
Decoction of the stem and flowers given in dysentery and
diarrhoea; juice o f the plant given w i t h c o l d m i l k and honey in
equiproportions to cure all bilious complications and liver disorders.
Gyrnnerna sylvestre (Retz.) R. Br. ex Schultes
Large, woody, much branched climbers. Leaves ovate-elliptic or
ovate-lanceolate, base rounded. Flowers yellow in axi 1Iary pedunculate umbels.
k.: Rayachoty (CHI NN 149 Lm Podapathri
Leaves either chewed or infusion given orally to treat diabetes.
Root is macerated with few drops of sesame (Sesamum indicum) oil and
given as a drink to treat any poisonous bites.
Leptadenia re t idata (Retz.) Wight dr Arn.
Twining shrubs, latex watery. Leaves ovate, grey-pubescent.
Flowers greenish-yellow in axillary umbels. FollicIes thick, sub-woody with a
curved obtuse beak.
kc: Pattikonda (A) NN 348; Puttur (CH) NN 421 Ln: Palateegal
Mukkutummuduteega
Plant juice given as a tonic. ~uice ' of the leaves and roots
given orally to cure skin affections and wounds; root paste is considered for
habitual abortion in women (Y).
pergularia daemia (Forssk.1 Chiov. I-- hernia extensa {Jacq.) R.Br.; Permlaria
extensa (Jaq.) N.E.Br. - Twining milky shrubs. Stems clothed with spreading hairs. Leaves
broadly ovate or sub-orbicular, deeply cordate at the base. Flowers greenish-
yellow in axillary, long pedunculate cymes. Follictes paired, refltxed,
lanceolate, spiny.
b..: Sidhout {CU) NN 183
Juice of the tender shoots mixed with honey is given to cure
whooping cough; also, the paste of the plant is used together with cow's milk
in rheumatism.
Wm~ne e h (Retz.) R.Br. ex khultes
Straggling shrubs. Leaves linear-lanceolate, acute. Flowers yellow
in lax, axillary, sessile. Follicles divaricate.
b Tirumala (CHI NN 316 Ln: Kondapak
The leaf juice is used as emetic and anthelmintic; fruits are
boiled and pounded with a little table-salt and applied to cure tooth-aches
and dental caries.
Tyiophora indim (Burm. f.) Merr.; T, asthmatics (L.f.) Wight & Am.
Much branched climbers. k a v e s elliptic-ovate, thick, pubescent
below. Flowers greenish-yellow in axillary or lateral umbellate cymes.
Follicles sharp, pointed, hceohte.
k.: Lakkireddipalli (CU) NN 261 In: Mekameyaniaku
Leaf juice (about 5 ml) or powder b u t 250 mg) in hM water
given daily in the morning for the treatment of asthma fie).
Wattakaka volubilis (L.f.1 Stapf ; Dre~ea volubitis (L.f.1 Benth. ex Hook. f.;
Marsdenia volubilis (L.f.1 Cmke
Large hoar y-pubescent twiners. Leaves ovate to suborbicular.
Flowers green in dense drmping umbels. Follicies paired, divaricate.
lac.: Penukonda (A) NN 370 Ln: Pedda juttutegalDudipala
The whoIe plant is boiled and paste applied to the affected part
or leaf infusion given orally in poisonous bites and snake bites.
PERPLDCACEAE
*Cryptostegia grandiflwa R.Br.
Climbers. Leaves ovate-elliptic with undulate margins. Flowers
light-purple. Follicles linear-Ianceolate, 3-winged.
k.: Tirurnala (CH) NN 277 h: Rabbarupoola chettu
h t e x obtained from the plant and is applied an the affected
areas of the body to treat leucoderma (N).
Wecakpis hamiltanii Wight & Am. (Photo 52)
Large glabrous, climbing shrubs with jointed branches. Leaves
opposite, orbicular, emarginate. Flowers white minute in axilhry, peduncled
cymes. Fruits of 2 thick, lanceolate follicular rnericarps.
k: Tirurnala (CH) NN 2164 Ln: ~aredugaddalulBarresugandhi
Powder of fascicled tubers (about one teaspoonful) given twice a
day with hot water for 40 days to cure diabetes; also, tubers are made into
pickle given orally to cure blwd pressure.
Fruit infusion given orally as a tonic in labour pains.
mmi&smus indicus (La) R.Br.
Twining undershr ubs with woody rootstocks. Leaves variable,
l ~ g , linear and narrow. Flowers yell owish-brown, crowded in subsessile
axillary cymes.
LOC.: Srisaiiem (K) NN 390; Rayachoty (CU) NN 304 Ln: Sugandhapala
Root decoction together with sugar to prepare soft porridge,
given internalIy to cure menorrhagia.
Root extract is alw considered as blood purifier.
LOG ANIACEAE
Stryctmos nux-vornica 1.
Moderate-sized trees. Leaves opposite, cariaceous, broadly ovate-
orbicular. Flowers light-green in ax ilary cymes. Berries orange-yellow when
ripe. Seeds flattened.
lac: Tirumala (CHI NN 1179 Lm Mushtichettu
Roots are boiled and the decoction .administered; followed by
powder put on bitten part of the body as effective treatment in snake bites
m 1.
GENTIANA-
hh6'terna d h e (Imrn.1 R a y d ; Llittorale a m . non Blume
Perennial erect herbs. Leaves linear-oblong or ellipticloblong.
Flowers white in dense axillary clusters.
LOC.: Nandyat (K) NN 435; Tamhilapaili (CHI NN 875 Ln: Nelagurugudu
Infusion of the whole plant given in the treatment of skin
diseases (C).
The juice of the plant mixed with plant juice of Evohuius
alsinoide~ given in fevers and the powder is given with milk twice a day for
15 days to cure diabetes (5).
HYDROPHYLLACEAE
tlytalaa z e y h i c a (L.1 Vahl
Sub-succulent, spreading herbs. Leaves e l l i p t i c - o b l o n g ,
charmeous. Racemes lax, axillary or terminal. Capsules globose; seeds
minute wrinkled.
k.: Yerpedu (CHI N N 241 Ln: Neli-nakshathralu
The decoction of the plant given orally 3 times a day for the
treatment of cough.
BORAGINACEAE
Heliotropium indicum 1.
Coarse annual herbs. Leaves hispid-pubescent, alternate or often
sub-opposite, ovate-oblong. Flowers pale violet in terminal spikes.
Lac.: Srikalahasti {CHI NN 804 Ln: TelumanimokkalNagadanti
Leaves are macerated with sugar cane (Saccharurn officinarum)
juice and given as a drink in insect and scorpion stings.
Leaf paste applied externally to cure boils and wounds.
CONVOLVULACEAE
*Argyreia -ta (Willd.) Ker-Cawl.; Rivea cuneata {Wilid.) Wight (Photo 53)
Erect shrubs with silky branchlets. Leaves obovate or e l l ip t i c ,
Cuneate a t base, nearly glabrws above, grey silky-villous beneath. Flowers
bright purple in axillary 3 or more flowered cymes.
M.: Talakona (CHI NN 72 Ln: Samudra pala
Leaves are pounded in water with black pepper and given orally
twice a day for the control of diabetes.
Juice of the plant given in rheumatism.
*mmoea %piaria Koen. ex Roxb. (Photo 54)
Perennial twining villous herbs. Leaves variable in shape and
size. Flowers white or creamish-yellow in axilary umbellate cymes. Capsules
globose.
k.: Punganur (CH) NN 371 Ln: Metta tuti
Juice of the plant administered for the treatment of rheumatic
pains and rheumatism.
Rivea hypxrateriformis (Desr.1 Choisy
Climbing shrubs with milky latex. Leaves cordate, orbicular.
Flowers white, solitary, axillary. Capsules globose-ovoid, brown.
k.: Puttur (CH) NN 442 Ln: Bodditeega
Leaf paste dissolved in fruit decoction of Solanurn indicum and
applied externdy or given orally twice a day t o treat venereal diseases.
Plant juice (about 15. ml) given orally and simultaneously paste
is applied externally in bleeding piles.
*Rhea ormta (Roxb.) Choisy
Erect or straggling shrubs. Leaves orbicular thick, silky
Pubescent beneath. Flowers white or light-yelbw in axillary pedunded cymes.
k.: Horsely Hills (CHI NN 342; Koilakuntla (K) NN 278 h Boddi
Plant paste applied locally as an ointment to treat piles (5).
WLANACEAE
k t u r a metel 1.; D. fastuosa L.
Stout undershrubs. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute, entire.
Flowers white solitary, axillar y. Capsules covered with sharp numerous
prickles.
k.: Kuppam (CHI NN 283 Ln: Ummettha
Infusion of the leaf and seed (about 3 ml) mixed w i t h
sugarcandy and is given or paste applied externally in scorpion stings and
snake bites.
Root and seed decoction (about 5 ml) given in severe cold and
cough.
*Solanurn surattem Burm. f.; S, xanthocarpum Schrad. dr Wendl.
Prickly undershrubs with yellow spines. Leaves glabrous, ovate-
elliptic, pinnatifid, obtuse. Flowers bluish-pink in extra-axillary racemes.
Berries yellow or whitish-green blotched.
Fnc.: knukonda (A) NN 1586 Ln: ChallamuhgalNelamulaka
Fruit juice mixed with sesame oil and considered very effect ive
i n paralysis; decoction of the plant given twice a day for 3 days in chest
pains.
Fruits and seeds are boiled and decoction obtained, is given
orally twice a day to cure cold and cough.
Wanurn torvum Sw.
Large prickly shrubs. Leaves ovate with shallow lobes. Flowers
white, many in dense cymes. Berries yeIlow when ripe.
k.: Tsundupalli (CU) NN 1237 tn: Konda vustelUsti
Dried or raw fruits are cooked and eaten by worner! after each
menstrual cycle for 5 days. It is said to check conception and thus serves
the purpose of family planning. Generally 2-3 fruits are taken at a time.
Tender shoots and r a w fruits are made into powder and
consumed with lime water t o control diabetes.
Juice of the plant given orally as digestive tonic (5).
Solanurn trjlobatum L.
Prickly trailing undershrubs, with hooked prickles. Leaves ovate,
3-5 lobed. Flowers bluish-purple in cymose clusters. Berries scarlet-red.
Loc.: Kuppam (CHI NN 532; Sidhout (CU) N N 281 h Utchinta teega
Leaf and fruit decoction given orally in the t rea tment of
bronchitis; leaf paste applied externally for healing of boils and wounds (YE
Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal
Erect branched undershrubs. Leaves ovate, entire, acute. Flowers
green or pale-yellow in sub-sessile umbelliform cymes. Berries enclosed in the
inflated calyx, 5-angled, red when ripe.
h.: Lakkireddipalli (CU) NN 257; Anantapur (A) 396
Ln: Ash wagandagaddalPenneru.
Root paste is made into pills (pea-nut grain size) and given
daily 2 pills for 15 days in rheumatism and also considered as an aphrodisiac.
SCROPHULARIACEAE
Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennell ; Moniera cuneifolia Michaux; Herpestis
monnieria (L) KB.K. Mov.
Fleshy herbs, rooting at the nodes. Leaves sessile, oblong-
obovate or spathulate. Flowers blue, axilldry, solitary. Capsules sept icidal,
ovoid.
k.: Kuppam (CHI NN 296; Tadipatri (A) NN 260 Ln:Sambrnifimokka/Brahmi
Plant extract consumed as a cooling beverage and also used in
bathes for epilepsy.
BIGNONIACEAE
*Dolichandrant e t a (WaH. ex DC.) Seem.
Small deciduous trees. Leaves pinnate; leaflets 7, orbicular,
obovate-obcordate. Flowers white, scented in axillary few flowered racemes.
Capsules flat, falcately curved.
Inc: Nandikotkur (K) NN 293 Ln: Chitti-oddi
Stem-bark juice given orally as an antidote for poisonous bites.
Leaf juice mixed with turmeric powder and given to pregnant women in
rheumat ism.
Oroxylurn indicum (1.) Benth. ex Kurz
Medium s h e d trees. Branchlets lenticelled. haves 2-3 pinnate;
leaf lets ovate-acuminate. Flowers dark pinkish-purple with yellow throat in
terminal racemes.
k.: Srisailam (K) NN 426; Talakona (CHI NN 1006 Ln:AkumanulDundilamu
Seed paste given with hot water as an antidote for scorpion
poison; powder of the stern-bark along with seed powder of Hordeum vul~are
L. black pepper given for 3 to 5 days in diarrhaea and dysentery.
PEDALIACEAE
Pedalium murex L.
Glabrous spreading succulent annual herbs. Leaves opposite,
ovate-oblong, sinuate. Flowers yellow, axilkry, solitary. Drupe indehiscent,
spiny.
k.: Pulivendla (CU) NN 339; Cbandragiri (CHI NN 441 Lm Enugupalleru
Juice of the whole plant mixed with sugar and given internally
as effective remedy in leucorrhoea; ako, juice of the plant given with garlic
and pepper in kidney stones.
MARlYNIACEAE
*Martynia annua L. ; M. diandra GIoxin
Coarse pubescent glandular undershrubs. Leaves decussate,
pubescent and sticky. Flowers purple or white with yellow throat in racemes.
Drupes with 2 strong apical claw-like hooked beaks.
k: bkkireddipalli (CU) NN 45 Lm Gaddagorul'lelukondikya
Leaf decoction given orally for 15 days in epilepsy or leaves are
made into paste with garlic and warmed on a piece of earthern pot and
given orally for epilepsy We).
ACANTHACEAE
Andrographis panicdata (Burm. f.) Wall. ex Nees. (Photo 55)
Erect herbs. Leaves linear-oblong, acuminate at both ends.
Flowers white with pink tinge in axilIary or terminal panicles.
k.: Tirumala (CHI NN 409 Ln: Nelavemu
For all respiratory troubles, leaves are made into paste and with
a glassful of warm water given orally thrice a day for one week. Root
decoction is given as a powerful antidote for poisonous stings of insects;
infusion of the plant given in maiarial fevers.
hler ia cristata L.
Hairy undershrubs, usuaily with blue, sometimes with pink or
white flowers.
k.: Tirupati (CHI NN 1021 Ln: DesembaralulKodikannu *
Leaf juice given in catarrhal affections of t h e children. Root
paste applied external ly on bitten part or administered with lime water
simuItaneousIy in snake bites.
*Hygrophila auriculata (Schum. Heine; Asteracantha longi folia (L.) Nees
Stout armed herbs. Leaves whorled, o b l o n g - l a n c e o l a t e or
oblancmlate. Flowers bluish-purple in a whorl of 8 at each node.
k: Tarnbalapali (CH) NN 347; Elanganapalli (K) NN 746 Ln: Gobbil
Neerugob bi
Root macerated with garlic and b k k pepper, mixed in 50 ml of
butter-milk and given in the morning on empty stomach for 3 days in the
treatment of jaundice.
Root and seed powder applied t o underwear in the treatment of
amenorrhcea (5)
Wygrophifa salicifolia (Vahl) Nees; H. an~ustifol ia Cooke
Erect herbs, rooting at lower nodes. Leaves linear-oblong or
laneeolate. Flowers pale purplish-blue in axillary whorls.
k: Kodur (CU) NN 417; Nandyal (K) NN 1636 Ln: Chitt i gobbiisadhu
gobbi
Seed powder (about 5 g) given with goat% milk and sugarcane
(Saccharurn officinarum) juice twice a day for one week to increase vitality
(as an aphrodisiac),
Roots are made into dedoction and given orally as diuret ic and
atso for the diseases of urinwgenital tract (S).
Justida adhatda L.; Adhatoda vasica Nees
Much branched shrubs wi th foetid smell. Leaves ovate-
lanceolate, acuminate. Flowers white in axillary and terminal spikes. Usually
cultivated along the hedges.
k.: Chandragiri (CH) NN 604 Jn: Addmrarnu
Leaf decoction mixed with few drops of honey i s given orally to
cure whooping cough.
Leaf paste mixed with turmeric powder and applied ex terna l ly
over the body for small-pox.
& h i m t h u s nasw (1.) Kurz ; - R. communis Nees
Erect shrubs. Leaves entire, softly pubescent below. Flowers
white in terminal cymes and on short lateral branches.
k: Uravakonda (A) NN 349; Tirumala (CH) 760 Ln: Nagamalle
Maceration of the plant mixed with honey and few cardamoms,
given daily in the morning for 15 days to increase the potency bs an
aphrodisiac); the fresh root and leaf extract with lime water is considered as
an anthelmintic.
VEBBENACEAE
~ d m l r u r n inerme (L.1 Gaertn.
Straggling shrubs. Leaves elliptic or obovate, obtuse or
=marginate. Fbwers white, in axillary pedunculate cymes.
b ~ : Kodur (CU) NN 602 Ln: Pisangi
Root decoction given internally twice a day for stimulating
appetite.
serratum (I.) Moon
Shrubs, 2-3 m tall. Leaves ovate-obovate acuminate, serrate.
Flowers purple or violet in terminal panicles.
kc.: Tirumala (CH) NN 289 Ln: GantubharangilBarangi
Root decoction is considered as demulcent and an effective
remedy for gonorrhoea. Leaves and roots are made into a decoction, given
with tamarind juice in fevers and rheumatism.
*tmelina asiatica L. {Photo 56)
Large straggling shrubs. Leaves small ovate-obovate. Flowrs
bright yellow in axiiiary and terminal raceme. Orupts obovoid, yellow when
ripe.
k.: Chandragiri (CHI NN 734 Ln: Adavigummidi/Chittigummadi
Fruit pulp with mucilaginous juice applied to m l p before bath,
once a week fw four weeks t o cure dandruff. Fresh root juice is given
orally in the treatment of gonorrhoea
Lantana camara L. var. zculeata {L.) Mold.; - L. aculeata L.
Armed straggling shrubs. Leaves ovate, serrate. Flowers with
variable colours, in short umbels.
h: Rayachoty (CU) NN 1225 Ln: PuIikampaaku~Akshintapoolu
Leaves dipped in water in a folded handkerchief and squeezed
into the eye t o treat sore and itchy eyes.
Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene; Lippia nodiflora (L.) A. Rich.
Perennial much branched prostrate herbs; rooting a t nodes.
Leaves sub-sessile, spathulate, serrate. Flowers whitish-pink in capitate
spikes.
h.: LakkireddipaLli (CU) NN 374 Ln: BokkenakulNiru pippalikada
Piant juice given orally as digestive stimulant and antidote for
poisonous bites (Ye).
Vitex negundo L.
h r g e shrubs. Branches densely clothed with white tomen turn.
Leaves 3-5 f oliolate; leaflets lanceolate. Flowers bluish-purple in peduncled
paniculate cymes.
k.: Rayachoty (CU) NN 84 Lar: Vavili
Leaves are burnt and exposed t o smoke under blanket to cure
severe coughs or dry coughs.
LABlATAE (LAMIACEAE)
Ocimurn gratissirnum L.
Branched undershrubs, stems 4 angled. Leaves ovate, wedge
shaped at base, softly hairy or nearly glabrous. Flowers greenish-yellow in
long racemes.
k: Uravakonda (A) NN 97 Ln: Ramatuhsi
Juice o f the leaves rubbed externally on bitten part of the body
to cure scorpion poison (N).
Ocimum termiflorum L.; 0. - sanctum L.
Erect much branched undershrubs cultivated in t emples and
common in house-yards.
k.: Tirumala (CH) NN 838 Ln: Tulasi
As an oral contraceptive; the leaf juice with one spoonful
powder of Mentha arvensis given after menstruation twice a day for J days.
Ordwrsiphan rikundus (Dm Don) Benth.
Perennial erect herbs. Leaves ovate-oblong, base cuneate,
dentate, coarsely crenate. Flowers white-lilac in terminal racemes.
kg: Lakkireddipalli (CU) NN 842 h: Kamrnaga j jara
Tubers are cooked and eaten with honey t o cure colic pains
(Ye 1.
PLANTAGIN ACEAE
*Plantago erosa Wall.
Perennial, erect herbs with stout rootstock. Leaves radical,
elliptic-ovate. Flowers creamishyellow in long bracteate spikes. Seeds many
mucilaginous.
Inc.: Tirumala (CHI NN 893 Ln. Isabugolu
k d s are used to reduce heat in the body.
NYCTAGINACEAE
Boerhavia diffusa L.; 0. repens L.
Diffuse herbs. Leaves rounded or sub-cordate. Flowers red or
pink in long-stalked axiIlary and terminal umbellate panicles.
h.: Proddatur (CU) NN 281 Ln: PunarnavalAtikamamidi
Leaves are cooked without salt or about a teaspoonful of
powder given in butter milk for 3 days in the treatment of jaundice.
P i b &ta L.
large thorny climbing shrubs. Leaves opposite, elliptic-ovate.
Flowers grenish-white in dense corymbose axihry cymes.
k: Chandragiri (CH) NN 425; Madakasira (A) NN 308 h Embuddi
Leaf and root macerated with 'ghee' and applied t o joints to
relieve rheumatic pains; root powder mixed with honey and considered
effective remedy for scabies M.
AM ARANTHACEAE
AgrW lanata (1.) Juss. e x Schultes
Erect branched herbs. Leaves elliptic-obovate or sub-orbicular.
Flowers greenish-white small, in dense axillary spikes.
Loc.: Rajampet (CU) NN 544 Ln: Telagapindi
Maceration of the plant is given twice a day for 5 days in
kidney troubles.
Fruit powder dissolved in hot water and is used to rinse oral
cavity for the treatment of dental caries.
Amanthus viridis I.
Annual erect, much branched glabrous 'herbs. Leaves ovate.
Flowers pale green in small axiIlary and terminal dusters.
ImC;: Rayachoty (CU) NN 22 Ln. Chilaka. thotakoora
Smoke from the plant is inhaled for dizziness.
Digera muricata (L.) Mart.; I). arvensis Forssk.
Annual, slender, s u k e c t glabrous herbs. Leaves ovate-elliptic.
Flowers pink in axillary, elongated spikes.
Lor;: Kadiri (A) NN 136 h Chenchelikoora
Infusion of the flowers and seed given as a drink to cure
urinary troubles.
*Pupalia lappama (L.) Juss. ; - P. atropurpurea (Lam.) Moq.
Erect or straggling undershrubs. Leaves elliptic-ovate. Flowers
greenish-white in clusters in terminal spikes.
k: Penukmda (A) NN 937 Ln: Tella uttareni
Leaf juice or powder given w i th jaggery or paste epp i i ed
externally as an antidote for scorpion stings.
ARISTOLOCH WCEAE
Aristolochia bractealata Lam.; A. bracteata Retz.
Trailing perennial herbs. Leaves reniform or broadly ovate,
stipules foliaceous. Flowers purple-green, solitary in axils.
h.: Chandragiri (CH) NN 47 h Gadidagadapaku
Root infusion is given internally or paste appiied on bitten part
in snake bites. Juice given as a drink to cure stomach ulcers and juice i s
also used to rinse oral cavity to cure aphthous ulcers.
Aristohbk indim L. (Photo 57)
Herbaceous twiners with stout woody root-stock. haves oblong-
obovate to linear-oblong. Flowers gr eenish-white in axillary few flowered
racemes.
k: Srisailam (K) NN 217 Ln: Isarla teegalTella-eswari
The whole plant i s pounded and the juice is squeezed out, This
plant juice is dropped into nostrils, eyes and mouth or root juice is applied
to the affected part (bite) in snake-bites (C).
The root decoction is also used in bil ious fevers and chronic
skin diseases.
LORANTHACEAE
Yis~lrm anidaturn Burm. f.
Leafless parasitic shrubs. With slender branches, drooping. Stems
jointed, striate. Flowers very small, 1-3 in axillary, fascicles.
k.: Tirumala (CHI NN 324 Ln: Kadabadanika
Paste of the plant is applied to heal wounds. Also, leaves are
burnt into ash mixed wi th petroleum jeHy to cover the wound for quick
healing.
* V h m orientale Willd.
Much branched parasitic shrubs, branches terete, nodes swollen.
Leaves opposite, elliptic-lanceolate. Flowers sessile, clusters of S5, in axils.
Berries purple.
h: Tirumala (CH) NN 399 Ln: Kammibadanika
Ash of the burnt plant is used to cure itches and earaches. Leaf
and stem powder mixed with goatt$ milk and given thrice a day for uterine
diseases; also, decoction of the plant given internally and followed by sheep
or goat meet in epilepsy (N).
SANTALACEAE
Santalum album L.
Small evergreen trees. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate. Flowers purple
small, in axillary or terminal panicles. Drupes globose, pwicarp black.
k: Tirumah (CH) NN 104 tn: SrigandhamulChandanarnu .
Stem-bark decoction is given 3 times a day or a few drops of
oil from bark is given in hot water as effective remedy in dysmenorrhoea
w 1.
EUPHORBIACEAE
weynia vitis-idaca (Burrn. f.) Fischer ; B, rhamnoides (Retz.) Muell.- Arg.
Shrubs. Leaves membranous. Flowers rnonoeciws, minute; male
in small axillary fascicles, female soiitar y, axillar y.
Loc.: Srisailam (K) NN 890 Ln: PandupacharilDevadari
Smoke of the leaves inhaled under blanket to treat throat
inflammations; as a nerve tonic: leaves are ground and applied with fresh
milk on scalp before bathing.
*Chrozophora rottlwi (Ceiseler) Juss.; C, piicata Hook. f.
Armual erect herbs, densely hispid or stellate-tomentose. leaves
broadly ovate-orbicular to oblong. Flowers yellow, in axillary or terminal
bracteate racemes.
k Puttaparthi (A) NN 350 In: Lingamirapa
Decoction of the leaves given in paralysis; fruit decoction given
as a drink t o a r e high b l o d pressure.
Cleistanthus collinus (Rowb.) Benth. ex Hwk. f.
Deciduous trees or shrubs. Leaves elliptic-obovate. Flowers
mmwciws, yellow in axglary clusters.
hc.: T. Sudupdli (CU) NN 37% Tirumala (CHI NN 1241 h Odisel Vadisaku
Infusion of the pIant parts (leaf, bark dr green fruits) used by
tribes as a suicidal agent and considered as a defence mechanism IS, N).
*(kypetes rdurghii (Wall.) Hurusawa ; Putran jiva roxbur~hii Wall.
Evergreen trees with pendu!ous branches. Leaves elliptic-oblong
or lanceolate. Flowers monoecious, greenish-yellow. Drupes globose or ovoid;
seed solitary.
k.: Tirurnala (CH) NN 298; Palarnaner. (CHI NN 835 h:Purra jivalKudta juvi
Root-bark and seed powder consumed especially by tribal women
as a fertility regulating agent (N).
Stem-bark juice is given orally in elephantiasis M.
*Eupharbia fusifarmis Eluch.-Ham. ; E. acaulis Roxb. (Photo 58)
Acaulescent glabrous herbs with large f usifor rn tuberous root
s t ~ k s ; latex milky. Leaves radical, thick, oblanceolate, margin wavy, base
cunate. Cymes from the crown of the root-stock, dichotomous, involucre
hemispheric with 5 glands.
Lnc.: Tirumala (CH) NN 315; Nallamalais (K) NN 839 h Barripala
~oot -s tock is cut and boiled in sesame oil, and made into a
paste; applied externally in the treatment of rheumatic pains, swellings and
gout (N, C).
Root-stock is given to ladies for increasing lactation after child
birth W).
hphorbia hkta L.
Annual hairy, erect or decumbent herbs. Stems hispid, latex
milky. Leaves ovate-oblong. Cyathia greenish-red in pedunculate cy mose
heads.
k: Rayachoty ICU) NN 579 Ln: ChanubalakuiReddivarinanubalu
Plant decoction together with black Fepper giver! oraliy t o
relieve coughs.
*Euphorbii nirulia Buch. - Ham.
Small deciduous trees in rocky hills. Leaves sessile, oblanceolate,
cuneate at base. Cymes twice forked on the leaf-scars, towards the end of
branchlets. Capsules 3-lobed.
k: Hindupur (A) NN 448 Ln: Aku jemudulJemudu
Decoction of burnt root is applied with soaked material on
paralysed part for 2 weeks. Afterwards, burnt mixture of snake, bones,
python skin applied with petroleum jelly on incisions made on the paralysed
site t o treat paralysis (Ye, 5).
Wivotia rottleriformis Gri ff.
Deciduous trees. Branchlets white stellate tomentose. haves
alternate, ovate or orbicular. Flowers pale-yellow in axillary or subterminal
racemose or panicled cymes. Drupes ellipsoid.
k.: Pulivendla (CU) NN 381; Nandyal (K) NN 1621 Ln: Tellapoliki
A t h i ck poultice prepared from the seeds and mixed with
Pon~amia pinnata seed oil or paste applied externally as an ointment for
psoriasis 6).
3atropha eracas L.
Erect shrubs, 1-2 m high. Leaves palmate, 3-5 lobed, ovate or
subwbicular. Flowers yellowish-green in dichasial cymes. Capsules rugose,
ellipsoid.
k: Hindupur (A).NN 1114 Ln: Peddaerin j alNepalamu
One seed is ground and soaked overnight ir: water and small
amount of extract is given on empty stomach to treat intestinal parasites.
Maceration of the seed is considered as an abortifacierrt. Root decoction is
given to rinse the oral cavity in toothaches and sore throat.
Mallotus philippensis (Lam.) Muell.-Arg.
Medium sized trees. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminate. Flowers
pale yellow in axillary cymes and paniculate at the end of branches. Capsules
covered with crimsowred powder.
Loc.: Tirumala (CHI NN 649 Ln: SindurilKumkuma puvvu
The decoction or infusion of the fruit given with a pinch of salt
for expelling stomach worms (round worms) and also, considered as diarrh-1
agent.
Phyllanthus amarus Schum. dc Thonn. ; P. niruri auct. non L.
Small erect herbs. Leaves alternate, leaflets elliptic-oblong,
obtuse at the t ip . Flowers unisexual minute, greenish-white. Capsules
depressed globose, smooth.
k; Lakkireddipalli (CU) NN 249; Chandragiri (CHI NN 350 Lm Nelausiri
Fresh plant (about 15 gm) is ground with black pepper '(3) and
garlic (1 piece) in buttermilk made into pills (about 500 mg) and given 3 pi&
a day for 3 days as an effective remedy for viral jaundice.
rethJatu Poir.; Kirganelia reticulata (Poir.) Baill.
Straggling shrubs or small trees with drooping branches. Leaves
Oblong-elliptic. Flowers small, man-ious, solitary. Berries dark-purple when
ripe.
LW.: penukonda (A) NN 1627 Ln: Naliapu!ugudulNa!la poolimokka
Tender shoots are pounded with sesame (ksamum indicurn) seeds
and jaggery and is eaten for 20 days in the treatment of piles.
c o m m m i s L.
Erect shrubs; cultivated.
U: Kadiri (A) NN 73 Ln: Arnudapuehettu
Maceration of the seed to prepare soft porridge and eaten daily
in the morning for three days to induce abortion of three to four or even up
to six month o ld preganancy.
Leaf 'powder {about 1 g m ) m i x e d w i t h leaf powder of
Phyllanthus amarus given in butter milk for 7 days in the treatment of viral
jaundice.
V ~ u m insigrse (RoyIe) Benth.
Deciduous trees. Branchlets thick and fleshy, latex milky. kaves
crowded at the ends of branchlets. Flowers manoecious in terminal, panicled
spikes. Capsules Iml i c ida l .
Loc.: Nandyal (K) NN 834; Tirumala hills (CHI NN 1474 In: Carbhasulal
Devasuripu
Latex (about 5 mi) is given twice a day with hot water or fruit
Paste applied externally as an ointment to cure psoriasis and also vertigo.
w i n e g a lewopyrlrs (Wild.) Muell~Arg.; Fluaea leucopyrus Willd.
Large glabrous shrubs. Leaves obovate. Flowers greenish-white in
axillaty clusters. Capsules globose with a fleshy pericarp. Seeds red.
k: Penukonda (A) NN I266 Ln: TeIbpulimokka/Tellapulugudu
Leaf juice mixed with tobacco powder and applied exter~ally as
an antiparasitic.
URTICACEAE
W i a zeylanica (I.) Benn. ; P, indica (L.) Gaudich.
Slender herbs. Leaves ovate-acute, strigose above, pibse below,
3-nerved from base. Flowers monoecious, white in axillary clusters. Achenes,
2-winged.
Lm.: Tirumala (CH) NN 335; Allagadda (K) NN 256 Ln: Rakkasichettu
Entire plant is boiled and its decoction (about 10 ml) given
orally twice a dai for the treatment of gonorrhoea and syphilis IN, C).
MORACEAE
FICUS benghalensis L.
Large evergreen trees with numerous large aerial roots. Leaves
thick, coriaceous, elliptic-ovate. Flowers unisexual in receptacles. Figs in
axillary pairs, sessile, globular, silky pubescent, bright red when ripe.
k: Vempalli {CU) NN 76 Ln: Marri
Latex of the plant spread on a piece of cloth and placed on the
neck to relieve throat pains due to cold; abo, stem-bark is pounded and its
paste applied to the neck for throat infection. Latex applied loeally and
juice of aerial roots pounded with a little salt given internally to cure piles.
Restr: Tamarind and physical strain.
ebstica Roxb. ex Hornem.
Large evergreen trees, as ornamental and cultivated in gardens.
k: Tirumala (CHI NN 118 h Rabbaruchettu
Latex of the plant mixed with honey and given internaiiy for
expelling stomach worms (round and tape worms).
*Ficus hispida L. f.
Trees. Branchlets hispid, internodes hollow. Leaves opposite,
hispid pubescent on both sides. Receptacles green, ovoid, hispid, fascicled on
old wood.
k.: Tirumala (CHI NN 401 Ln: BommeduJBrahmamdi
Paste of leaves and stem-bark applied as ointment t o cure
leucoder ma.
F~CCLS miaocarpa L.f.; -- F. retwa a m . non L.
Trees with a few atrial roots. Leaves broadly obovate or
rhomboid. Receptacles globose in axillary pairs, orange-red when ripe.
k: Nandyal (K) NN 850 Ln: Yerra juvvilKon& juvvi
Root powder mixed with latex of the p h t and a pinch of salt
is taken orally in the treatment of dental caries and pywrhoea.
CASUARWACEAE
Caswrina litorea L.; C. equisetifoiia L.
Tall trees. Leaves reduced to scales. Cultivated in hedges and
gardens.
k.: Putrur (CH) NN 92 In: Sarugudu
Fruit (young) juice given oral ly early in t h e morning for
diarrhoea.
CosTACEAE
e t w s ~ i o s u s (Koen.) J.E. Smith
Perennial herbs with creeping tuberous root-stocks. Leaves with
basal sheathing, spirally arranged, elliptic-oblong, lanceolate. Flowers w h i t t
with yellow tinge at throat in dense spikes.
lac;: Nallamalais (K) NN 375 tn: Chengalva KoshtulKevukenna
Fried root mixed with milk and later on given to children t o
kill the intestinal germslworms. Plant with rhizome is washed and pounded t o
extract the juice given orally to cure filariasis.
Also, the root is dried and powdered; about one gram of this
powder is taken oially with milk or water for three days beginning wirh the
9th day of the menses. This application is repeated for 2 more months for
permanent sterilization (birth control) (C).
MUSACEAE
Musa paradiska L.
Stoloniferous plants. Leaves large, erect or ascending. Spikes
drooping. Fruits oblong, yellowish-green when ripe.
k.: Ra jampet (CU) NN 29 Ln: Aratikaya
Inflorescence is boiled and extract so obtained is used for bath
in rheumatism and headaches.
Root paste mixed in water and taken i n palpitation and
tkumatic complaints.
Juice of the green fruit given daily once early in the morning
to cure stomach ulcers.
Raw fruit is boiled and its decoction is given for heart pains.
Exudates obtained from rhizome (after the above ground part is
cut) is given in the treatment of peptic ulcers.
AGAVACEAE
-vieria roxburghiam Schultes dr Schultes f.
Perennial, stout fleshy stemless herbs with stout root stocks.
Leaves basal linear, apex flat, tapering, base subterete. Flowers pale green in
racemes.
k.: Rdjampet (CU) NN 55; Tjrupati (CH) NN 303 Ln: Adavichaagal
-a
Root paste is given in hot water twice a day or paste applied
externally in the treatment of piles. Leaf juice is squeezed into the ear to
relieve ear-aches (N).
HYPOX1DACEAE
Curculigo ordioides Gaert n.
Erect herbs w i t h tuberous rootstocks. Leaves linear t o
lanceolate. Flowers yellow, axilhry, solitary or in simple racemes.
Lot.: Tirurnala (CH) NN 174 Ln: Nehthadigadda
Tubers are cooked with honey and consumed by tribal men,
considered as an aphrodisiac and tonic-
Juice of the tubers used as eye-drops t o cure blindness and
white spots on the eye ball (N).
DIOSCOREA-
qpmitifolia L.
Twining herbs with cylindrical or fusiform perennial tubers.
b v e s elliptic-oblong, 5 nerved from the base. Flowers unisexual, yellowish-
green. Capsules 3-winged.
Loc.: Nandyal (K) NN 284; Palarnaner (CH) NN 882 Ln: YelIagadda
Paste of the tubers used as an external application to reduce
swellings and antidote for scorpion stings and snake-bites (Y).
Di-ea p t a p h y k L.
Twining herbs. Stems prickly towards base. Leaves uppermost
simple, pubescent; lower leaves 3-5 foliolate. Flowers unisexual in axillary
panicles. Capsuks oblong, 3-winged.
h: Tirumala (CHI NN 322 Ln: DukkapendalamuIAdavi-genusu teega
Tubers are cooked and eaten with honey in the treatment of
peptic ulcers (Ye).
STEMONACEAE
*Stemwra Lour. (Photo 59)
Trailing herbs with fasciculated tuberous roots. Leaves alternate
or opposite, ovate or ovate - lanceolate. Flowers green with purple nerves,
axillary , solitary.
k: Tirumala (CH) NN 291 Ln: Kanipu-teega
~ubers are made into paste, applied on affected part of the legs
in the treatment of rheumatic pains.
Also; the root powder mixed in equal proportions w i t h the
Powder of the seed of Hy~rophi la suriculata, Fedalium murex, Mucuna
pruriens, bmbax rnalabaricum and with the powder of Curcuiila 0:chioidcs
roots and is taken with milk and wgar for one week to improve potency and
tribal men considered it as an effective aphrodisiac (N, Y).
ULIACEAE
w vera (L.) Burm. f.
Stoloniferous herbs. Leaves fleshy, rosette, ensiform, margin
spiny. Flowers reddish-yellow in long scapes.
a: Pulivendla (CU) NN 134 h Ooti-kalabandalMancRi Kalabanda
Root decoction given orally in the treatment of venereal
diseases. Root decoction is also used t o wash wounds and juice mixed with
turmeric powder t o cover wounds for quick healing.
Fleshy leaf juice given twice a day for 3 days in viral
jaundice.
Also; leaf juice (about 10 m i ) administered in ternally and
sirnuttarieous~~ paste appiied externally in infected piles.
Restr : Tight clothing, chillies, alcoholic drinks.
*Asparagus gonodados Baker
Armed woody climbers with fascicled tuberous roots. Leaves
reduced t o recurved spinescent scales. Flowers white in axillary racemes.
LOG: Tirumala (CHI NN 291 Ln: SalIayi gaddalu
Powder from the tubers mixed with leaf powder of Gyrnnema
sylvestre (Retz.1 R. BY. ex Schult. is given in hot milk twice a day for 40
days to cure diabetes. Sugar, sweets, spicy iood are completely avoided
during the prescription.
ww r-mosm WiI!d.
Climbing spinous shrubs wi th fascicled tuberous roots. Leaves
reduced to spines. Flowers white in axillary racemes.
h.: Palamaner (CHI NN 436; Dhone (K) NN 843 Ln: Piili-teegalul Satamuii
Tubers are cooked and mixed with sugar, mi!k, cashewnut and
dry grapes is eaten twice a day for 2 weeks in improving potency (as
aphrodisiac).
Tubers are squeezed on breastslnipples t o increase the milk
secretion (galactogogue); also, powder of the tubers mixed with powder 0 1
rmt bark of Salacia chinensis given in diabetes.
Wrginea indica (Roxb.) Kunth
Herbs with perennial tunicated bulbs. Leaves appearing after
flowering. Flowers brownish-white in lax racemes on slender scapes.
Tirupati (CHI NN 889; Tadipatri (A) NN 1326 Ln: A d a v i u l i i ,
Vwri-ulli
Maceration of the bulb is drunk 3 t i m e s per day i n
dysmmwrhoea (Y).
SMU ACACEAE
Smi lax perfolia~ Lour. ; 5.prolifera Wall. ex RoxB
Large climbing shrubs with prickly stems. Leaves alternate,
broadly ovate. Flowers green in axiliary umbels.
k: Tirumala (CH) NN 2061 In: Pirangi chekka
Leaf juice given internally to cure rnmorrhagia. Root decoction
given in the treatment of rheumatism.
CIPERACEAE
~ y p e r u s rotmdus L.
. Perennial rhizornatirs herbs; stems triquetrous. Leaves ?Tar!?. ifa;.
nerves prominent; sheaths brown. Spikelets oblong in sin~ple ur c-urt~ pilu::kl
spikes.
Loc.: Tirumala hills (CHI NN 1206 Ln: Tt?u~tga illt'bilnl
Oil from the bulbous root, applied exrcrrrally in ttic trcalrrlulil
of skin diseases.
Pholo 30: Cochlospnmum rcligiosum &.I Alstm
Photo 32: Aralantia rnu~lopliylL i L. * t : - .
Photo 35: Semecarpus anacardium L.f.
Photo 36: Pretocarprrs santalius L.f. - a tw&
Photo 37: Pterocarpus santalinus - Heart-wood.
Photo 38: Pueraria moss DC.
Photo 00: Dichrmtachys cinerea (L.1 Wight & Am.
Photo 41: E n d rhed i i Spreng.
. - . . . . - - - . . - - . - - . - - - - - -
Photo 42: Terminalia pallida Brandis
Photo 43: Syxygium alternifolium (wight 1 Walp.
Photo 46: Momordim cymbalaria Hook= f-
Photo 49: Plumbago zeyhnica L.
Photo 50: Wrightia arbor- (Dennst .) Mabberley
Photn 5 1: CaraJIuma umbellata Haw
Photo 52: L)ecalepis hamiltonii Wight & Arn.
Photo 53: Argyreia cmeata (Willd.) Ker-Gawl.
Photo 54: Ijmmoea sepiaria Koen. ex Roxb.
Photo 55: Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Wall. ex Nees
Photo 56: Gmelina asiatica L.
Photo 57: Aristolochia indica L.
Photo 58: Euphwbia fusiformis Buck-Ham.
Photo 59: A s e t t l e d Yanadi medicine-man collecting tubers of Stemona tuberosa Lour. on Tirurnala forests.