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Volume 1 Issue 1 (Jan – March) March, 2020

Volume 1 Issue 1 (Jan – March) March, 2020

ENVIR NURTURE

An e-Newsletter of CPCB Alumni Association (CPCBAA)

ENVIRO - NURTURE Vol 1 Issue 1

Dear Readers,

We welcome you to Enviro-Nurture e-Newsletter, a publication from Central Pollution Control Board Alumni Association (CPCBAA).

This e-Newsletter will be a quarterly publication starting from Ist quarter (Jan –March) of this year. The newsletter will provide

information on various environmental matters, policies and actions to safeguard the environment. The e-newsletter will be theme

based, subject specific, focusing on multi-dimensions of the chosen subject. The theme based newsletters will provide

comprehensive views on chosen subject, making it a valuable source of information

The newsletter’s objectives are to learn, educate and enlighten readers on the matters concerning Environment aiming for its

safeguard. The subscription to the newsletter is free and open. You are invited to subscribe to the newsletter by sending an email to

<[email protected]> or by mailing a letter.

This is the 1st Volume and 1st Issue of this newsletter with the theme of Electric Vehicles (EVs) and their role in Environmental

pollution abatement. We hope that readers will find this edition of the Newsletter comprehensive on the subject. We look forward to

your feedback and comments. We will also seek your support and cooperation in disseminating the newsletter to all interested

audience.

Disclaimer :

Every effort is made to provide accurate and complete information in Enviro-Nurture Newsletter. However, CPCBAA cannot

guarantee that there will be no errors. CPCBAA make no claims, promises or guarantees about the accuracy, completeness, or

adequacy of the contents of the newsletter and expressly disclaims liability for errors and omissions in the contents of this newsletter.

Neither does CPCBAA assume any legal liability for any direct, indirect or any other loss or damage of any kind for the accuracy,

completeness, or usefulness of any information, product, or process disclosed herein, and do not represent that use of such

information, product, would not infringe on privately owned rights.

- Editorial Committee

From Editor-in-Chief’s Desk

India’s E-Journey

Mobility ecosystem is vast, wherein India has marked its milestones from time to time in various

segments of the industry. The country is recognized as 4th largest automobile market, 4

th largest car

manufacturer, largest three wheeler manufacturer and seventh largest commercial vehicle

manufacturer in the world. Any strategy or the policies that bring change in this mobility system

should aim to sustain and improve its current position.

In context to E-vehicles, E denotes Electric, Eco-friendly, Efficient and Emissions null in the mobility

ecosystem. Globally, E-vehicles has been driven in the auto industry with sales crossing 2 million

units in the year 2018. More than 70% of Electric vehicle (EVs) sales worldwide in the year 2018

were in US, Japan, and China. The vehicle manufacturers such as Tesla, Nissan, BMW, BYD, and

Volkswagen are auto giants specialized in different segments of the E mobility system. There‘s

abuzz in India since past few years that, country is set to transform into an EV nation, joining the

race with other leading countries. Air quality issues have provided enough propelling force for the E

drive, government policies are further providing acceleration, and technological advancements are in

fast development process to hit the roadblocks. With this E-mobility is expanding at rapid pace in the

country.

China is considered as global leader in the electric auto industry. As far as sales of EVs.is

concerned, 45% of vehicles population, EVs were on road in China in the year 2018. The country

has more than 100 electric-car makers, the batteries which take the lion‘s share in cost of the EVs

and key for mass adoption.

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China makes more than 50% of total production of electric vehicle batteries presently. Chinese

government had spent nearly $60 billion (INR 44000 crores) in last decade towards developing EVs

and has mandated certain percentage of EVs sales to auto makers of their total sales. Investment by

Chinese government in the sector is unparalleled not only by India even by any other large

economies.

On the other hand, India has registered 230 million motor vehicles up to year 2016 with more than

60,000 petrol & diesel fuel stations. The annual vehicle production is 30 million, of which EVs sales

accounted to about 7 lakh units in the year 2018. The country is yet to have maiden indigenous

lithium-ion battery manufacturing unit. With factors such as limited range of EVs availability, driving

conditions and traffic conditions which are poor in the country, play a major role for its sustained

growth. Transition of on-road vehicles to EVs and annual EVs penetration of at least up to 30% is

going to be government‘s ambitious boost to EVs. Through which, conducive environment for

accelerated growth of EVs is being created

It is imperative that along with EVs boost, other related issues such as eco-friendly fuel alternatives,

smart traffic management solutions, improved driving conditions; safety all together should also be

addressed for success of this mobility ecosystem.

This present edition of ENVIRO-NURTURE drives you to the prospects of e - mobility in India. Enjoy

the drive or ride, which you choose to take……!

Linear Sources of Environment Pollution - Conventional Petrol / Diesel driven Vehicles

Rapid urbanization and tremendous growth of motor vehicles are imposing serious effect on human

life and its environment in recent years. The vehicular population have even proliferated in all major

cities particularly the metro cities in the country. The growth rate of vehicles though is the backbone

of economic development and the Indian automotive industry (the second faster growing in

the world), but the environmental consequences of these vehicles have reached to alarming

proportions.

Exposure to toxic vehicular pollution has worsened in the country due to staggering pace of

motorisation, with the number of registered vehicles sharply going up.

The vehicles are emerging as a major linear source of pollutants and consequent health exposure in

various cities. The other factors of vehicular pollution in the urban areas are vehicular density, poor

fuel quality, old vehicles, inadequate maintenance, congested traffic, poor road conditions and old

automotive technologies and traffic management system


Most of the cities in the country in present time are being suffered by extremely high level of urban air

pollution particularly in the form of various primary air pollutants such as CO, SO2, NO

2, SPM

(Suspended Particulate Matter) and RSPM (Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter) as well as

secondary air pollutants such as ozone, PAHs, PANs and other hazardous air pollutants. Exhaust

from vehicles has been recognized as major source of air pollution in urban areas. The on-going

congestion on roads and high level of air pollution has becoming a challenge to environmentalist and

government. This staggering pace of motorisation is a serious national issue. The on-going actions

by the government such as new vehicles with technology upgrade, Engine Emission Standards, Fuel

quality standards, Vehicle compliance and enforcement program, Fuel inspection and compliance

program, Fuel Quality standards, Fuel Efficiency standards and labelling are several on-going

significant measures. In present time the horrendous air quality in major urban area has been much

talked about. The people have become prone to health exposures such a minor breathing problems

to various respiratory diseases, cardiac disorder etc. from rising air pollution. Hence, the need has

been felt to further augment these on-going pollution control measures.

In context with rapidly growing vehicular populations, limited oil supplies, and increasing

environmental pollution, the govt. has sought to promote non-petroleum and often home grown fuels

as suitable alternatives. Alternative fuels and new energy vehicle policies include promotion of

Alternative-fuel vehicles. Vehicles engineered to use one alternative fuel; dual-fuel vehicles can use

either a conventional or an alternative fuel, stored in separate tanks; and flexible-fuel vehicles (FFVs)

can use either a conventional or an alternative fuel, or a mixture of both The vehicles with alternate

fuels are increasingly used and these include compressed or liquefied natural gas (CNG/LNG),

ethanol, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), and various new technology.

The global action plan on climate change envisaged from all countries, especially the major

economies to slash their emissions to catastrophic climate change. There has been concern about

4.8% rises in carbon emissions during year 2018. To augment the actions further, govt. has

contemplated the major policy announcement - the National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) notified in

January, 2019 and India‘s target of 30% adoption of Electric Vehicles (EVs) by the year 2030. These

policy targets are Nation-wide crackdown on emissions to combat the increasing air pollution

problem.

The Govt. has planned to promote Zero discharge Electric vehicles (EVs) such as battery electric

vehicles (BEV), conventional hybrid electric vehicles (HEV), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV),

and hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV).

Union Environment Minister, Sh. Prakash Javadekar uses Electric Car for mobility (ANI Photo)


India’s Electric Vehicle Policy - Niti Aayog

India is operating in the same global context as other countries, who have adopted an EV policy; it

has a unique mobility pattern which other countries do not share. While vehicle growth in India is

rapid, ownership per 1000 population has increased from 53 in year 2001 to 167 in year 2015, a key

difference between India and other countries and the types of vehicles being used. India uses a large

variety of motorized transport on roads and its auto-segments are quite different from that of most of

the world. Based on the vehicle data during last six years, the vehicles on Indian roads are estimated

to consist of:

1. Two-wheelers: 79% of the total number of vehicles.

2. Three-wheelers (passenger and goods), including tempos: 4% of the total number of vehicles.

3. Buses and large goods vehicles like trucks: 3% of the total number of vehicles.

4. Economy four-wheelers (cars costing less than ₹1 million): 12% of the total number of vehicles.

5. Premium four-wheelers (cars costing higher than ₹1 million): 2% of total number of vehicles.

In India, premium four wheelers (cars) are only 2% of the total sales. However, most advanced

technologies are available in this category in global markets. In the near term, India should foster

early adoption of vehicles by premium customers, which will pave the way for consumer comfort with

electrification, raise aspirations for indigenous products and make advanced technology available in

the market. The presence of world-class technology will help India build a world-class ecosystem for

high-quality component and subsystems usable for all kinds of vehicles. In the longer term, India

should establish technological and manufacturing leadership in the economy segment of the market.

The prevalence of small vehicles such as two-wheelers, three-wheelers, economy four-wheelers and

small goods vehicles is unique among large countries. These small vehicles require a unique set of

technological and industrial capabilities. Here, India has an opportunity to take a leadership role in

the electrification of small vehicles. India‘s potential volumes for these vehicles as the nation grows,

lays the foundation for transformational manufacturing and industrial policy. That focuses on the

development of technological expertise and industrial capabilities in the production of small electric

vehicles, which can not only meet domestic demand but can also place the country in a position of

global leadership

As other countries begin to look at smaller vehicles with appropriate specifications, India can

establish a position of leadership based on domestic demand. Beyond significant domestic demand

for smaller vehicles, another aspect of the Indian mobility market is supportive of electrification: its

high level of sharing. Shared mobility in India has exploded, changing the way masses in the country

travels. Taxi aggregators such as Ola and Uber increases from 130 million rides in year 2015 to 500

million rides in year 2016, leading radio taxis to account for 72% of the overall market. This high

penetration of shared mobility in the country increases both vehicle utilisation, which plays to the

economic advantages of EVs, and also creates natural and large-scale purchases of EVs.

(Source: Niti Aayog : Zero Emission Vehicles (ZEVs) : Towards A Policy Framework, 2019)

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National Electric Mobility Mission Plan (NEMMP), 2020

National Electric Mobility Mission Plan (NEMMP) 2020 is a National Mission document providing the vision and the roadmap for the faster adoption of electric vehicles and their manufacturing in the country. As part of the NEMMP 2020, Department of Heavy Industry, Govt. of India formulated a Scheme viz. Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of (Hybrid &) Electric Vehicles in India (FAME-India) Scheme in the year 2015 to promote manufacturing of electric and hybrid vehicle technology and to ensure sustainable growth of the same. The scheme is focussed on the following four key areas: (a) Fiscal and tax ecosystem to encourage customers to opt for EVs (b) Purchase of Electric or Hybrid Vehicles (c) Pilot Project for City Buses (d) Supporting Infrastructure


What are Electric Vehicles (EVs)?

Electric Vehicle (EVs) are the vehicles that operates on an electric motor, instead of an Internal combustion engine that generates power by burning a mix of fuel and gases, Therefore, such vehicles are seen as zero emissions possible replacement for current generation automobiles.

Though the concept of Electric Vehicles have been around for a long time, but it has drawn considerable interest during recent past amid environmental impacts of fuel based vehicles and rising carbon footprints, In order to address issues of increasing pollution, global warming, depletion of petroleum resources and foreign exchange savings, there is extensive push by govt. on rapid adoption of electric vehicles. There are two basic types of EVs: All Electric vehicles and Plug-in hybrid vehicles

All-Electric Vehicles (AEVs)

AEVs include Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) and Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEVs)

Battery Electric Vehicles, also called BEVs, and more frequently called EVs, are fully-electric vehicles with rechargeable batteries and no gasoline engine. Battery electric vehicles store electricity on-board with high-capacity battery packs. Their battery power is used to run the electric motor and all on-board electronics. BEVs do not emit any harmful emissions and hazards caused by traditional gasoline-powered vehicles. BEVs are charged by electricity from an external source

Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV) or Fuel Cell Vehicle (FCV) is types of electric vehicle which uses a fuel cell, instead of a battery, or in combination with a battery or super capacitor, to power its on-board electric motor. Fuel cells in vehicles generate electricity to power the motor, generally using oxygen from the air and compressed hydrogen. Most fuel cell vehicles are classified as zero-emissions vehicles that emit only water and heat

Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs).

Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles or PHEVs are basically electric vehicle with facility to recharge the battery through both regenerative braking and ―plugging in‖ to an external source of electrical power. While ―standard‖ hybrids can (at low speed) go about only upto short distances before the gasoline engine turns on, PHEV models can go long distances before their gas engines provide assistance

In addition to charging from the electrical grid, both types of these electric vehicles (EVs) are charged in part by regenerative braking, which generates electricity from some of the energy normally lost when braking.

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Propelling Forces for thrust in Electric Vehicles

(EVs)

The thrust for EVs has been observed in government policies, business model of auto makers and

consumers. At government end, the reason for the drive is to improve India‘s ranks poor on

Environmental Performance Index (EPI) at 177 out of 180 countries according to 2018 biennial report of

Yale and Columbia Universities along with the World Economic Forum. Also the Air Quality Index (AQI)

ranks 178 out of 180. The Indian metropolitan cities are experiencing worst air quality and frequent Delhi

episodes are recent example. A joint study by CPCB and NEERI pegged vehicular contribution as 6.6%

in air pollution in Delhi. To overcome the issue of air pollution in cities, government has decided to shift

from conventional fuel-based vehicles to electric vehicles in addition to implementing several stringent

norms. India is currently following Bharat Stage IV (BS IV) norms and would be moving to BS VI

emission standard in April, 2020. As per the Paris Agreement, by year 2030 India also has a committed

target to reduce greenhouse gas emissions intensity of its GDP by 33-35% below 2005 levels.

The stringent norms and attractive schemes compel auto makers to make EV as their business model

and strategize for its success. Stringent emission norms act as direct stimuli for EV investments and

subsidies and tax propel the growth of the sector. On the other side, consumer‘s preference is shifting

as they are attracted by minimal maintenance cost of EVs. Fewer moving components, high conversion

efficiency to motive power and performance are the reasons that bring down maintenance to fraction of

combustion engine cars. EVs are 75 - 80% cheaper from maintenance perspective than Internal

Combustion Engine vehicles (ICEV). Hence the consumers preferring to purchase EVs are on the rise. .

India’s Electric Vehicles (EVs) Journey

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Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs)

The Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) or Hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is

type of hybrid vehicle that combines a conventional internal combustion engine

(ICE) system with an electric propulsion system (hybrid vehicle drive train). The

presence of the electric power train is intended to achieve either better fuel

economy than a conventional vehicle or better performance. HEVs are powered

by both petrol and electricity. The electric energy is generated by the car‘s own

braking system to recharge the battery. This is called ‗regenerative braking‘, a

process where the electric motor helps to slow the vehicle and uses some of the

energy normally converted to heat by the brakes.

HEVs start off using the electric motor, and then the petrol engine cuts in as load

or speed irises. The two motors are controlled by an internal computer which

ensures the best economy for the driving conditions

.

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FAME-II Scheme aims to promote the use of

Electric Vehicles (EVs) in India

Based on the experience gained during Phase I of FAME Scheme and suggestions of various

stakeholders including industry associations, the Department of Heavy Industry, Govt. of India notified

Phase-II of the Scheme, vide S.O. 1300 dated 8th March 2019, with the approval of Cabinet with an

outlay of Rs.10,000 Crores for a period of 3 years commencing from 1st April 2019.

The centre will invest in setting up charging stations, with

the active participation of public sector units and private

players. It has also been proposed to provide one slow-

charging unit for every electric bus and one fast-charging

station for 10 electric buses. Projects for charging

infrastructure will include those needed to extend

electrification for running vehicles such as pantograph

charging and flash charging, according to notification by

the Heavy industries Ministry. FAME II will also

encourage interlinking of renewable energy sources with

charging infrastructure.

The centre may incentivize the purchase of 7,090 electric

buses with an outlay of ₹3,545 crore, 20,000 hybrids

with ₹26 crore, 35,000 four-wheelers with ₹525 crore and

500,000 three-wheelers.

FAME II will also offer incentives to manufacturers, who

invest in developing electric vehicles and its components,

including lithium-ion batteries and electric motors. The

centre has asked states to frame their EV policy and

provide additional fiscal and non-fiscal incentives to

manufacturers and buyers. Only buses priced up to ₹2

crore, strong and plug-in hybrids under ₹15 lakh, three-

wheelers under ₹5 lakh and two-wheelers under ₹1.5

lakh will be eligible for incentives with ₹2,500 crore under

Phase II.

Source: https://www.livemint.com/auto-news/how-fame-2-

scheme-aims-to-promote-the-use-of-electric-vehicles -in-

india-1552352972259.html

Faster Adoption and

Manufacturing of (Hybrid &)

Electric Vehicles in India

(FAME) Scheme

FAME is the Faster Adoption and

Manufacturing of (Hybrid) and

Electric Vehicles by Government of

India. The objective of the scheme is

to increase the use of electric and

hybrid vehicles by offering

incentives.

FAME I

The FAME- I was initially launched

for a period of 2 years, commencing

from 1st April 2015, which was

subsequently extended from time to

time and the last extension was

allowed up to 31st March 2019.

The 1st Phase of FAME India

Scheme was implemented through

four focus areas namely:

(i) Demand Creation,

(ii) Technology Platform,

(iii) Pilot Project and

(iv) Charging Infrastructure.

Market creation through demand

incentives was aimed at

incentivizing all vehicle segments

i.e. 2-Wheelers, 3-Wheelers Auto,

Passenger 4-Wheeler vehicles, Light

Commercial Vehicles and Buses.

The Fund allocation under FAME I

from Year 2015 to year 2019 was Rs

529 Crores to provide demand

incentive to buyers of xEV in the

form of an upfront reduced purchase

price to enable wider adoption. The

grants were also sanctioned

for specific Pilot Projects, R&D /

Technology Development and Public

Charging Infrastructure components

under the scheme.

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The Government has announced Phase II of the Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Hybrid and

Electric Vehicles, or FAME II scheme, to boost electric mobility and increase the number of electric

vehicles in commercial fleets

The outlay of ₹1,000 crore has been earmarked for setting up charging stations for electric vehicles in

the country The government will offer the incentives for electric buses, three-wheelers and four-

wheelers to be used for commercial purposes. Plug-in hybrid vehicles and those with a sizeable

lithium-ion battery and electric motor will also be included in the scheme and fiscal support offered

depending on the size of the battery.

Recharging Infrastructure for EVs - Initiatives

Government of India has undertaken multiple initiatives to promote manufacturing and adoption of

electric vehicles in India. With support of the Government, electric vehicles have started penetrating in

the Indian market. However, availability of adequate Charging Infrastructure is one of the key

requirements for accelerated adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) in India. It is proposed to encourage this

by laying down an enabling framework.

To enable faster adoption of electric vehicles in India by ensuring safe, reliable, accessible and

affordable Charging Infrastructure and eco-systern

To promote affordable tariff chargeable from EV owners and Charging Station

Operators/Owners

To generate employment/income opportunities for small entrepreneurs

To proactively support creation of EV Charging Infrastructure in the initial phase and eventually

create market for EV Charging business

To encourage preparedness of Electrical Distribution System to adopt EV Charging

Infrastructure.

The following are being undertaken to achieve above objectives:

1. Private charging at residences/offices shall be permitted. DISCOMs may facilitate the same.

2. Setting up of Public Charging Stations (PCS) shall be a de-licensed activity and any

individual/entity is free to set up public charging stations, provided that, such stations meet the

technical as well as performance standards and protocols laid down as well as any further

norms/standards/specifications laid down by Ministry of Power and Central Electricity Authority

from time to time.

3. Public Charging Infrastructure (PCl)· Minimum Requirements: Every Public Charging Station

(PCS) shall have the following minimum infrastructure: An exclusive transformer with all related

substation equipment including safety appliance. 33/l l KV line/cables with associated

equipment including as needed for line termination/metering etc. Appropriate civil works.

Adequate space for Charging and entry/exit of vehicles. Current international standards that are

prevalent and used by most vehicle manufacturers internationally. Hence, Public Charging

Stations shall have, one or more electric kiosk/boards with installation of all the charger models

Currently, India is said to have around 300 public EV chargers compared to existing 57,000 petrol/diesel

filling stations. The country is also well positioned to power all EV charging infrastructure solely by clean

energy. According to a report, the charging infrastructure market in India is expected to grow at a

compound annual growth rate (CARG) of 40% in the next five to six years.

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EVs Charging Station for OLA vehicles at Mumbai, Maharashtra

In a bid to push electric vehicle (EVs) adoption in the country, the Indian government has approved the

setting up of 2,636 EV charging stations around the country. These charging stations, spread across 62

cities in 24 states and union territories, are going to be established under the second phase of Faster

Adoption and Manufacturing of Hybrid and Electric Vehicles in India (FAME or FAME-II) scheme.

EVs Charging Station at Delhi EVs Charging Station (Plug & Go) at Gurugram

EVs Charging Station at Gurugram EVs Charging Station (EESL) at Noida

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EVs Charging Station, Hyderabad EVs Charging Station,Somajiguda Hyderabad

EVs Charging Station at Metro Stations EVs Charging Station,Greater Hyderabad, at Hyderabad Telangana

EVs Fast Charging Station,Mumbai EVs Public Charging Station,Mumbai

Out of the 2636 charging stations to be constructed under FAME II, 1633 will be fast charging stations

and 1003 are to be slow charging stations. State-owned Rajasthan Electronics & Instruments Ltd (REIL)

and Energy Efficiency Services Ltd (EESL) have bagged a significant chunk of orders for setting up

more than 2,500 e-vehicle charging stations. No private sector company has qualified for this tender.

Under this programme, the government will set up 317 EV charging stations in Maharashtra, which is

the most in any state. While Andhra Pradesh will get 266 EV stations, people in Tamil Nadu will be able

to charge their EVs from 256 such stations. Gujarat, Rajasthan, and Uttar Pradesh will get 228, 205, and

207 EV charging stations respectively. The government has given an in-principle nod to firms, including

NTPC, EESL and REIL, to set up these EV charging stations in all major cities. This is supposed to

address the issue of anxiety over the range of EVs. However, the actual sanctions of the contracts

would be made only after the public sector units sign memorandum of understanding (MoUs) for the

land where the EV charging stations are proposed.

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The government‘s plan is to ensure EV charging stations at every four km in million-plus cities. The

companies have been advised to begin the award process for the contracts based on the in-principle

nod from the Department of Heavy Industries, Govt. of India.

It is being reported that a significant chunk of orders for setting up the EV charging stations in 62 cities

with a million-plus population has been bagged by Rajasthan Electronics & Instruments Ltd and Energy

Efficiency Services Ltd (EESL). NTPC and Power Grid Corp have also emerged as low bidders for the

stations. The final award to these companies will be known only when they are able to produce MoU for

land where the charging points are proposed to be located. About 600 - 700 sanctions have already

been given so far and expect an award for all contracts in due course of time.

The urban local bodies of Dehradun, Guwahati and Tirupati, and municipal corporations of Navi Mumbai

and Bhubaneswar, have also bagged some of the contracts under the Faster Adoption & Manufacturing

of (Hybrid &) Electric Vehicles Fame II – subsidy scheme.

(Source: Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, Government of India, February, 2019}

Electric Vehicles - the Future of Auto Industry

Electric Vehicles (EVs) are gaining momentum, which was witnessed during Asia‘s biggest Auto Expo.

2020 held during February 7-12, 2020, at Greater Noida. The expo had the theme ‗Explore the World of

Mobility‘ and marked the revolutionary trend of Electric Vehicles as one of the biggest highlights. Most of

automobile giants – Suzuki, Hyundai, TATA Motors, VW, Renault and many others showcased their new

EV models in different segments of the industry. The aura shows the momentum in the sector and the

potential of e-mobility in India.

Fig: The Google trends indicate a rise in interest for electric cars in comparison to petrol / diesel.

Accelerators for EV’s Journey

On account of the worsening air quality in the urban cities, Indian government has created an impetus

through its Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of (Hybrid &) Electric Vehicles (FAME) scheme with a

goal of reaching 30% EV penetration by 2030. The focus areas of the scheme are – technology

development, demand creation, charging infrastructure and pilot projects. The second phase of FAME

released in March 2019 has proposed to invest INR 10,000 Cr over three years to support 10 Lakh two-

wheelers, 5 Lakh three-wheelers, 55K four-wheelers, and 7K buses that operate on lithium-ion batteries

or other electric power-trains. Aligning to the focus, government has approved setting up electric vehicle

charging stations across 62 cities in 24 states and union territories of India under the second phase of

FAME.

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Other actions taken by government in an endeavour to meet the goals of FAME include slashing GST to

5% for EVs (ICEV 28%), tax exemption up to Rs. 1.5 lakh on loans for EV purchase and customs duty

exemption on some of the components of EVs.

NITI Aayog proposes to push for full conversion to EVs from ICE three-wheelers by 2023, and two-

wheelers (for engines with or below 150 cc capacity) by 2025. With the Centre‘s commitment towards

EV growth, states are also leading with their policies to achieve their own EVs targets. Maharashtra,

Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Uttarakhand, Telangana, Delhi and

Bihar have their Electric Vehicles Policy.

At present, EV market penetration in India is only 1% of total vehicle sales, and of that, 95% of sales are

electric two-wheelers. The Indian electric car market size was valued at $71.1 million in 2017 and is

projected to reach $707.4 million by 2025. The EV market, battery market, and charger market during

2019-2030 are expected to witness CAGRs of 53.64%, 58.86% and 59.58% respectively according to a

recent market intelligence report by BIS Research. Government initiatives are playing a major role in the

growth of the market.

Fig 3: Electric Vehicles Sales in FY 2019 vs FY 2018

Source: Society of Manufacturers of Electric Vehicles

Greener Path for EV’s

Electric vehicles produce zero emissions and this is one of the attractive features driving for growth. The

point what gets raised is how much of the power used for EVs comes from old, coal-fired thermal power

plants and will that only be displacing the pollution from the urban to the suburbs, where these plants

are located. In terms of defining the comprehensive eco-friendliness of the vehicle, the argument put

forward by some of the experts are pollution behind the lifecycle stages of the vehicle – battery

manufacturing, lifetime difference of the vehicle and the electricity sources.

Rare earth metals viz., lithium, cobalt, lithium, nickel, and other metals make up the composition of the

EV battery, and their extraction and manipulation can contribute to carbon emissions. International

Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) report illustrates that the country in which the batteries are

being produced and the battery composition has a much higher level of impact on emissions. However a

comparative study between EVs and internal combustion engine vehicle (ICEV) made in China indicate

that infrastructure and efficient manufacturing techniques are the keys to reducing emissions during

production.

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ICCT also reports the difference in emissions between EV and ICEV over the course of their lifetimes

gives EVs an advantage over ICE vehicles. EVs are advantageous over ICE vehicles when their total

impact is assessed for its lifecycle. EVs emit lesser emissions in their lifetime than ICE vehicles

regardless of the source that generate the electricity. As per the estimate in a post in World Economic

Forum (WEF), if FAME aims are realized by year 2030, they will generate an estimated saving of up to

474 Millions of tonnes of oil equivalent (Mtoe) and 846 million tonnes of net CO2 emissions over their

lifetime.

Signs of faster adoption of EV are visible in the auto mobility ecosystem transforming India into a EV

nation. Making India a EV nation and achieving target of FAME is a massive endeavour indeed, but

achievable with coherent efforts at all levels in the value chain. Shift will happen soon owing to the

reasons stated, but at what pace and what are the unintended consequences should not be overlooked.

EV is an technologically advanced product which could cut down the labour force. Will this kill jobs are

to be assessed and required actions for balancing is to be looked at concentrated efforts, integrated

approach will definitely lead to a happy E-journey.

EV’s Growth Bumps

India is a price sensitive market and the nation is on par with global consumers in quality expectations.

The demand for EVs rises when they compete with ICE vehicles in terms of price and performance.

Mass adoption of electric cars in India will be slow unless the gap in upfront prices of electric and ICE

vehicles is brought down

Alongside the propellers, the EV industry is experiencing barriers for the stimulated growth. High price,

lack of charging infrastructure and durability of battery are major restraints for growth of the sector.

Availability of charging infrastructure is a key factor to encourage the sale of EVs. According to the Auto

makers, lack of charging infrastructure is the reason for poor interest in EVs by the customers. Also,

there is need for standardization of EV charging technology. Certain EV charging stations may only be

compatible with a certain type of voltage. Limited range, lack of availability of charging stations and long

charging time further hinder the growth of the sector.

Battery needs to be durable competing with ICE vehicles. Battery is the major component, which cost

about 30% of the vehicle cost. The expected life of batteries is only 2-3 years after that it requires

replacement. Focus is required on technological advancements to make it durable and cost effective.

Parallely, automakers need to set up closed loop system for used batteries management for making the

sector holistically green.

India’s EV Revolution in Public Transportation – Govt. Sanctions 5,595 Electric Buses in 64 Cities under FAME II Scheme

Currently, there are around 1.6 million registered buses in India, out of which only 170,000 are operated

by public bus operators. Only 5,000 buses are operated under PPP model for city bus operation. There

is need to increase the supply of buses in Indian cities to develop sustainable public transport. However,

the cities should have a larger vision to curb dependence on fossil fuel and reduce CO2 emissions. It is

right time that public transport vehicles shift their source of power from diesel to electricity.

To meet the requirement the government has sanctioned 5,595 electric buses in 64 cities for intra-city

and inter-city operations under the second phase of FAME India scheme in order to push for clean

mobility in public transportation. The Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises, Govt. of India

had invited Expression of Interest (EoI) from cities with a million-plus population, smart cities, state or

UT capitals and special category states for submission of proposal for deployment of electric buses on

an operational cost basis.

16


In response thereof, 86 proposals from 26 States/UTs for the deployment of 14988 e-Buses were

received. After evaluation of these proposals as per EoI, on the advice of Project Implementation and

Sanctioning Committee (PISC) the Government sanctioned 5095 electric buses to 64 Cities / State

Transport Corporations for intra-city operation; 400 electric buses for intercity operation and 100 electric

buses for last mile connectivity to Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC).

Each selected City/State Transport Undertakings are required to initiate the procurement process in a

time bound manner for deployment of sanctioned electric buses on operational cost basis. As per

Expression of Interest (EoI) buses which satisfy required localization level and technical eligibility

notified under FAME India Scheme Phase II will only be eligible for funding under FAME India scheme

Phase II.

These buses will run about 4 billion Kilometres during their contract period and are expected to save

cumulatively about 1.2 billion liters of fuel over the contract period, which will result into avoidance of 2.6

million tonnes of CO2 emission.

Tata Motors and a joint venture between Hyderabad-based Goldstone Infratech and China‘s biggest e-

vehicles seller BYD have bagged electric bus supply contracts for nine out of 10 cities, leaving rivals

such as Mahindra & Mahindra, Eicher Motors and JBM Solaris with No Contract. Tata Motors emerged

the lowest bidder for contracts in six cities — Jaipur, Indore, Lucknow, Kolkata, Jammu and Guwahati —

to supply 190 e-buses each. Ashok Leyland bagged contract for 40 e-buses in Ahmedabad. The 10

cities pilot programme for induction of e-buses partly funded by the central department of heavy

industries.

The Delhi Electric Vehicle Policy, 2019 approved by Delhi Govt. state cabinet focuses on electric two-

wheelers, shared transport vehicles and goods carriers or freight vehicles, since they contribute to major

quantum of vehicular pollution. The primary goal of the policy is to improve Delhi‘s air quality by bringing

down emissions from the transport sector. This policy will seek to drive rapid adoption of Battery Electric

Vehicles (BEVs) such that they contribute to 25% of all new vehicle registrations by the year 2024, The

Delhi government will be targeting induction of 35,000 electric two, three and four wheelers and buses,

1,000 electric vehicles for last mile deliveries and 250 public charging and battery swapping stations. It

has waived road tax and registration fees for all battery electric vehicles for next three years.

The policy announced include purchase incentive of Rs 5,000 per kWh of battery capacity against Rs

5,500 presently offered by Delhi Pollution Control Committee (DPCC), besides a scrapping incentive of

upto Rs 5,000 subject to evidence of matching contribution from the manufacturer or dealer. The state

will allow ride hailing service providers to operate electric two wheeler taxis, while all two-wheelers

engaged in last mile deliveries like food delivery and e-commerce logistics are expected to shift 50% of

their fleet to electric by March, 2023 and 100% by March, 2025.

Electric rickshaws and carriers will get an incentive of Rs 30,000 per vehicle and interest subvention of

5% on loans. Open permit system will apply for individuals who will be given permits on a first-come-first

basis, subject to the cap of maximum number of autos permissible in Delhi.

Source: Delhi Electric Vehicle Policy, 2019 Transport Department, (GNCTD)

17


Table 1: State – wise allocation of Electric Buses under FAME II Scheme

S. No

State / UT

Beneficiary Cities

Sanctioned Numbers of

Electric Buses

1 Andhra Pradesh Vishakhapatnam (100), Vijayawada (50), Amravati(50), Tirupati (50), Kakinada (50)

300

2 Assam Guwahati (50), Silchar (25), Jorhat (25) 100

3 Bihar Patna (25) 25

4 Chattisgarh Raipur (50) 50

5 Dadra & Nagar Haveli Dadra & Nagar Haveli (Silvassa) 25

6 Delhi New Delhi (DTC) 300

7 Gujarat Ahmedabad (300), Surat (150), Vadodara (50), Rajkot (50)

550

8 Haryana Gurugram 50

9 Himachal Pradesh Shimla (50), Hamirpur (50) 100

10 Jammu & Kashmir Srinagar (100), Jammu (50) 150

11 Karnataka Bangalore (300), Hubli- Dharwad (50) 350

12 Kerala Thiruvananthapuram (100), Kochi (100), Kozhikode (50)

250

13 Maharashtra BEST Mumbai (300), Pune (150), Navi-Mumbai (100), Nagpur (100), Nashik (50), Solapur (25)

725

14 Madhya Pradesh Bhopal (100), Indore (100), Gwalior (40), Jabalpur (50), Ujjain (50)

340

15 Odisha Bhubaneswar (50) 50

16 Rajasthan Jaipur (100) 100

17 Telangana Hyderabad (300). Warangal (25) 325

18 Tamil Nadu Coimbatore (100), Tiruchirappalli (100), Madurai (100), Erode (50), Tiruppur (50), Salem (50),Vellore (50),Thanjavur (25)

525

19 Tripura Agartala (50) 50

20 Uttarakhand Dehradun (30) 30

21 Uttar Pradesh Lucknow (100), Agra (100), Kanpur (100), Prayagraj (50), Varanasi (50), Ghaziabad (50), Meerut (50), Bareilly (25), Moradabad (25), Aligarh (25), Jhansi (25)

600

22 West Bengal Haldia (50), Kolkata New Town (50) 100

Grand Total 5095

18


Inter- city Operations e-Buses

State Transport Undertaking State Electric Buses

Allotted

Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation Andhra Pradesh 50

Kadamba State Road Transport (STU), Govt. of Goa Goa 50

Gujarat State Road Transport Corporation Gujarat 50

Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation Karnataka 50

Maharashtra State Road Transport Corporation Maharashtra 50

Rajasthan State Road Transport Corporation Rajasthan 50

Uttarakhand Transport Corporation, Dehradun Uttarakhand 50

Transport Department, Govt. of West Bengal West Bengal 50

TOTAL 400

Last Mile Connectivity

Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC) NCR Delhi 100

Total Number of Electric Buses : 5095 + 400 + 100 = 5595 Electric buses

.Table 2: Status of adoption of Electric Vehicles (EVs) for Public transportation in

various States and Cities

S. No.

State/city Status of Electric Vehicle (e-Buses) adoption

for public transportation

1, Delhi 1,000 electric buses are scheduled to enter for service in Delhi as

part of its Delhi Electric Vehicle Policy 2019

2. West Bengal West Bengal government has ordered 80 buses, 20 of which have

already been delivered,

3. Bengaluru (Karnataka) Bangalore Metropolitan Transport Corporation's (BMTC) has also

submitted proposal with Department of Heavy Industries to

procure 150 electric buses on PPP model. BMTC has proposed to

set up an exclusive depot for the electric buses with the required

infrastructure, which would include battery rechargeable points

and well-equipped workshops. Karnataka will induct 3,000 electric

buses into its fleet by the year 2022.

4. Pune (Maharashtra) Pune Mahanagar Parivahan Mahamandal Limited (PMPML) is

likely to start running 25 e-buses and plans to induct another 480

e-buses

19


5.

Mumbai (Maharashtra)

Four e-buses have been running at Mumbai since the year 2017. Navi Mumbai Municipal Transport (NMMT) has placed order with Volvo to procure 8400 Hybrid City Bus. Volvo has delivered 5 buses under this contract to NMMT.

Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority (MMRDA) is procuring 25 Hybrid buses from Tata Motors.

Tata Starbus Diesel Series Hybrid Electric Bus can run without the requirement of external charging infrastructures, due to integration of on-board charging, via BS-IV compliant engine

The Brihanmumbai Electricity Supply and Transport (BEST) Mumbai has received funding for the retro-fitment of 6 buses and procurement of six 30 seater electric buses with a range of 210 km. BEST has placed an order for retro-fitment with AV Motors and Impact Automotive Solutions Limited (a subsidiary of KPIT) with a grant of ₹100 million from the Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC).

6. Thane (Maharashtra) Thane Municipal Transport (TMT) has approved the plan to introduce 100 electric buses on PPP model. The private operator will purchase and operate these buses for 10 year on selected routes. The operator will have the first right to select the routes.

7. Nasik (Maharashtra) Olectra - BYD will introduce 150 e-buses at Nasik (Maharashtra) during year 2020

8. Himachal Pradesh 50 e-buses have been ordered for mountainous Himachal Pradesh, which ran its first e-bus pilot initially during 2017.

9. Dehradun (UP) The pilot‘s e-buses for public transport have been on run since year 2018 and getting positive results on operability, servicing and economics. 500 intercity Electric buses will now be inducted into their fleets.

10. Chandigarh The pilot‘s e-buses for public transport have been on run since 2018 and getting positive results on operability, servicing and economics. 20 Electric buses will now be inducted into their fleets

11. Guwahati (Assam) The pilot‘s e-buses for public transport have been on run since 2018 and getting positive results on operability, servicing and economics. 25 Electric buses will now be inducted into their fleets

12. Hyderabad (Telangana) Olectra Greentech Ltd (Formerly Goldstone Infratech Ltd), Hyderabad and its technical partner BYD-China, the Olectra-BYD introduced 40 nos 12-meter electric buses in Hyderabad, India. Olectra has enabled Telangana State Road Transport Corporation (TSRTC) to deploy the largest fleet of electric buses by any State Transport Utility in the country so far.

13. Odisha The Electric buses will be introduced in the urban areas of Odisha. These buses are going to operate within the radius of 100 km covering the city of Puri, Bhubhneswar and Cuttack.

14 Madhya Pradesh (Indore, Jabalpur, Ujjain and Bhopal)

Olectra-BYD will introduce 200 e-buses at Indore, Jabalpur, Ujjain and Bhopal at Madhya Pradesh during current year,

15 Ahmedabad (Gujarat) Tata Motors has bagged the contract of 300 e-buses from Ahmedabad Janmarg Limited (AJL) during 2019. Tata Ultra Urban 9/9 Electric AC Buses will run in the Ahmedabad‘s BRTS corridor

20


16 Surat (Gujarat) Olectra - BYD will introduce 150 e-buses at Surat, Gujarat during year 2020

17 Goa Olectra-BYD will introduce 50 e-buses at Goa during year 2020

18 Kerala (Thiruvananthpuram, Kochi (Ernakulam) and Kozhikode

Olectra-BYD E-buses have been taken on trial run at Thiruvananthpuram, Kochi and Kozhikode cities at Kerala on GCC basis for 10 years from Maha Voyage LLP company.

Kerala State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC) has planned to induct 1,500 electric buses on lease. KSRTC has issued three separate tenders for 500 (500*3) 12-meter non-AC Battery Powered electric buses for a period of 10 years. The three tenders pertain to three different zones: Thiruvananthapuram, Kozhikode, and Kochi (Ernakulam).

Tata Motors has been playing a proactive role in the electrification drive, with the development of electric

traction system for Hybrid as well as Pure Electric vehicles. The Ultra Electric buses are indigenously

developed to offer superior design and best-in-class features. Tata Motors has delivered over 200

electric buses with over 60% market share under the FAME-I, reinforcing its position at the forefront in

the electrification drive. Tata Motors has secured biggest order under the FAME-I for supply of e-buses

supporting the Government‘s e-mobility drive in the country.

Olectra-BYD has been spearheading the electric vehicle adoption in the country with a focus not only to

‗Make in India‘ but also ‗Made for India‘. The manufacturer has covered significant ground in meeting the

requirements of e-buses for several states in the country and being the partners of choice for the EV

revolution in the country.

Ashok Leyland and ABB joined hands to launch electric buses with quick charge battery. Ashok Leyland

will develop and manufacture electric buses with ABB's TOSA technology, which tops up the battery in

just seconds while passengers get on and off the bus. TOSA is a flash-charging connection technology

that lets cities reduce the environmental pollution of their transit systems without affecting passenger

capacity or journey times.

Under another initiative, the Gurugram-based private sector start-up SmartE, the only company in the

country to own and operate electric three-wheelers, is fixing the issue of first - and last-mile connectivity

in and around the National Capital, even as it ramps up the infrastructure for its eco-friendly commute

network. Presently, SmartE‘s eponymous three-wheelers operate from near a handful of Delhi Metro

stations in the northern Indian cities of Gurugram, Faridabad, and Delhi.

SmartE‘s Electric three-wheelers operator Zero Emission electric bus on run at Bengaluru by Charging facility at Gurugram Bangalore Metropolitan Transport Corporation

21


40 Electric buses have been delivered by India’s First Intercity Electric Bus under

Olectra - BYD at Hyderabad, Telangana operation between Mumbai and Pune

22


Table : E - Bus models available in the Country

S. No.

e-Bus model Length of

e-bus (m)

Manufacturer

1 Starbus Ultra Electric 9/12 EV 12 Tata Motors

2 Starbus Ultra Electric 6/9 EV 9 Tata Motors

3 Eco-Life (12 m) 12 JBM

4 Eco-Life (9 m) 9 JBM

5 eBUZZ K9 12 Olectra-BYD

6 eBUZZ K7 9 Olectra-BYD

7 Skyline Pro-E 9 Eicher Motors

8 12FP150 12 Foton-PMI

9 9FP102 9 Foton-PMI

10 Circuit S 12 Ashok Leyland

11 e-Cosmo – T32 8 Mahindra & Mahindra



23


E- Rickshaws as transport Vehicle

Electric rickshaws (also known as electric tuk-tuks or e-rickshaws or toto are becoming more popular in

some cities in India since 2008 as an alternative to auto rickshaws and man pulled rickshaws because

of their low fuel cost, and less human effort compared to cycle rickshaws. They are being widely

accepted as an alternative to petrol/diesel/CNG auto rickshaws. They are 3 wheelers pulled by an

electric motor ranging from 650-1400 Watts. E-Rickshaw's have now transitioned from being a market

entrant in the automobile segment of the country to evolve as a leading short distance transport solution.

The e-rickshws have gained spurt in last 3 years and the growth has been phenomenal. The e-rickshaw

market is vastly gaining base and is likely to grip on further in coming years with the advent of

established players in the segment as well. Although, this segment is dominated by a host of

unorganized players the established names have also identified the growth beacon and are expected to

foray into the segment.

Most of the e-rickshaws in the country, almost all claimed to be manufacturing the vehicle, are merely

importing it from China and assembling them. Though entire vehicle manufacturers are less in number,

but they claim that their vehicle production is less and cost is little higher, but they offer higher quality

products and also offer services and warranty, these manufacturers market the product as an Indian

make and are also popular because of uniqueness in their product and providing a branded better

quality product. The FRP body e-rickshaws are also popular in India and are manufactured in the

country. Due to high shipment cost from China, they are cheaper to Indian manufacturers, where as

Chinese version of FRP Rickshaw will cost 1.5 times more than an Indian make.

E-rickshaws are sold predominantly in North India, across Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Delhi and Bihar

as one of the most effective means of last mile connectivity and a cheaper mode of transportation. Since

2015, battery-powered rickshaw sales have been growing at 20% annually, replacing cycle rickshaws.

However, most of these sales have come from the unorganised sector,

The Indian electric rickshaw are currently manufactured by small, unorganized local players, who

together registered around 85.0% of the total e-rickshaw sales in the year 2018. The major market

players include Kinetic Green Energy and Power Solutions Ltd., Terra Motors Corporation, Lohia Auto

Industries, Hero Electric Vehicles Pvt. Ltd., Saera Electric Auto Pvt. Ltd., Entice Impex Pvt Ltd (Gatti E-

rickshaw) Mahindra, Kerala Neem G and Clean Motion India. The price range of Battery operated e-

Rickshaw range from Rs 90,000 - 150,000/Unit.

Battery operated e-rickshaws on roads

24


Battery operated e-rickshaw on road

Electric Cars as personal vehicle

Electric cars (EVs) (also known as battery electric cars) have several environmental benefits compared

to conventional internal combustion engine cars. They have lower operating and maintenance costs,

produce little or no local air pollution, reduce dependence on petroleum and also have the potential to

reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Electric motors are significantly more efficient than internal

combustion engines and thus, even accounting for distribution losses, less energy is required to operate

an EV.

In the last few years, there is a rise in interest among the common masses for electric cars in

comparison to electric two-wheelers and ICE or petrol/diesel cars. There are a number of challenges in

the adoption of electric vehicle cars in India in the near future. These include: charging infrastructure,

battery performance, supply-demand gap and creating the closed-loop

There is considerable push by the government under FAME II scheme for above challenges. Hence

there was increase in sale of electric vehicles in year 2018-2019 over the year 2017-2018. It is likely that

with newer models of EVs with considerably lower pricing, battery performance and km run per charge,

along with availability of charging infrastructure will certainly favourable for adoption of EVs cars

Table 3: Electric Cars in Indian Market (arranged according to their cost low to high)

S No.

Electric Car

Average Mileage on Full charge

Approx. Cost

(as in Feb., 2020)

Representative

Photograph

1.

Mahindra e2o Plus

140 Km

₹6.07 - 6.83 Lakh

2.

Mahindra eKUV100

150 Km

₹8.25 Lakh

3.

Tata Tigor EV

142 Km

₹9.17 - 9.76 Lakh

4.

Mahindra E Verito

140 Km

₹13.17 - 13.53 Lakh

5.

Tata Nexon EV

312 Km

₹16.56 - 18.92 Lakh

25


6.

Tata Gravitas

NA

₹17.80 – 20 Lakh

7

MG ZS EV

340 Km

₹20.88 - 23.58 Lakh

8

Hyundai Kona Electric

452 Km

₹23.72 - 23.91 Lakh

9.

New Mahindra XUV500

500+ Km

₹25 – 32 Lakh

10.

Lexus UX 300s

402 Km

₹35 - 40 Lakh

11.

Lexus LC 500h hybrid

NA

₹1.96 Crore

12

New Launches of EVs Expected in 2020 : Nissan Leaf, MG eZS, Maruti Wagon R EV, Mahindra eKUV100, Hyundai Kona, Audi eTron, Mercedes Benz EQC, Mahindra XUV 300 Electric, Tata Altroz EV

Table 4: Electric Scooters/Motorcycles in Indian Market (arranged according to their cost

low to high)

S No.

Electric Motorcycles

Average Mileage Km/Full

charge

Approx. Cost

(as in Feb., 2020)

1. Lectro Essentia TX 25 - 35 km ₹21,000

2. Lectro Glide TX 25 -40 km ₹21,000

3. Lectro E-Zephyr TX 25 - 35 km ₹21,000

4. Avon E Bike 40 km/charge ₹22,670

5 Lectro Glide Unisex 25 -35 km ₹25,350

6 Lectro Essentia 25 - 35 km ₹25,350

7 Lectro E-Zephyr 25 - 35 km ₹25,350

8 Lectro Glide Lady 25 - 35 km ₹25,350

9 Avon E Plus 50 km/charge ₹26,712

10 Avon E Lite 50 km/charge ₹29,918

11 Hero Electric Flash LA 50 km/charge ₹37,078

12 Palatino Ryan 60 km/charge ₹38,999

13 Indus Yo Xplor 70 km/charge ₹39,577

14 Evolet Derby 60-65 km/charge ₹46,499 - 59,999

15 Hero Electric Dash 60 km/charge ₹50,000 - 62,000

16 Techo Electra Raptor 75 – 85 km/charge ₹57,423

17 BattRE Electric Mobility LoEV - ₹59,900

18 Okinawa lite 65 km/charge ₹59,990

19 Avon E Star 65 km/charge ₹60,000

20 Hero Electric Optima E5 55 km/charge ₹61,866

21 Hero Electric Photon 48V 80 km/charge ₹65,464

22 PURE EV Epluto 80 km/charge ₹71,999

23 Okinawa ridge plus 90 to 100 km/charge ₹73,272

24 Revolt RV300 180 km/charge ₹84,999

25 Revolt RV400 150 km/charge ₹98,999

26


26 M2GO Civitas 120 km/charge ₹1.04 lakh

27 Okinawa i Praise 160-180 km/charge ₹1.14 - 1.17 lakh

28 Bajaj Chetak 95 km/charge ₹1.00 - 1.15 lakh

29 Ather 450X 85 km/charge ₹1.35 - 1.45 lakh

30 Ultraviolette f77 150 Km/charge ₹3,00,000 lakh

Source: Society for Manufacturers of Electric Vehicles

Green Number Plates for Electric Vehicles (EVs)

The Government of India has taken another step in pushing for greater adoption of electric vehicles in India, with the approval of green number plates for EVs in the country. The move for the unique registration plates is intended to help raise more interest and enthusiasm behind EVs in the country. The adoption of EVs is still at a very nascent stage, and has a long way to go particularly in terms of publically-available infrastructure, and the Government is presently looking to expand these areas by encouraging more people to purchase EVs.

Typical Green Number Plate for Electric Vehicle (EV) The government has approved distinctive green licence plates for electric vehicles to encourage people to use electric vehicles. Such vehicles will be fitted with green licence plates bearing numbers in white fonts for private cars and yellow font for taxis. Exemption from permit will be a game changer as restricted permit regime is a major concern.

Electric Vehicles (EVs) - Benefits & Considerations

The electric-vehicles (EV) are registering consistent growth albeit the surge is slow. Considering strong

govt. push the future of electric vehicles looks bright. Consumers are more willing than ever to consider

buying EVs, and sales have to register growth. The following are the crucial factors in adoption of EVs

from national viewpoint. The energy security is the prime factor as EVs are typically using cheaper

electricity than similar conventional vehicles. They employ electric-drive technologies to boost efficiency.

Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) and all-electric vehicles (EVs) are both capable of being

powered solely by electricity; fortunately the country is taking giant leap in generation of energy from

renewable resources, which is likely to be utilized for developing charging infrastructure for EVs.

Accelerated adoption of electric vehicles could save $60 billion in imported diesel and petrol costs.

27


Fuel Economy is another factor in adoption of EVs. EVs typically achieve better fuel economy and have

lower fuel costs than similar conventional vehicles. EVs can reduce fuel costs dramatically because of

the high efficiency of electric-drive components. The fuel economy of EVs can maintain a strong fuel-to-

cost advantage over their conventional counterparts. At current oil prices, the net usual fuel cost savings

are estimated at approximately 3.9 lakh crore by 2030.

Recharging Infrastructure boost is another factor in adoption of EVs. The recharging infrastructure is

rapidly expanding with initiatives taken by several private players. The days are not far when people

park their EV and get it charged overnight at residence, as well as at public charging stations. For this

the adoption of PHEVs have added flexibility, because they can also refuel with gasoline or diesel (or

possibly other fuels in the future) when necessary. Public charging stations are not as ubiquitous as

petro/diesel filling stations, but charging equipment manufacturers, automakers, utilities and government

agencies are rapidly establishing a national network of charging stations.

The fuel cost is the major factor in adoption of EVs. The fuel cost for hybrid and plug-in electric vehicles

are generally lower than for similar conventional vehicles, but purchase price of EVs is higher. However,

the prices of EVs are likely to decrease as production volumes increase and battery technologies

continue to mature. Also, initial costs can be offset by fuel cost savings,

The Zero Emissions Electric vehicle has significant emissions benefits over conventional vehicles.

Therefore lowering of environmental degradation is a significant factor. EVs produce zero tailpipe

emissions, and PHEVs produce no tailpipe emissions when in all-electric mode. The use of renewable

energy sources could provide cheaper electricity for recharging infrastructure. Thus, the burden of CO2

emissions could be reduced as much as 1 giga tonne (GT) of carbon emissions by the year 2030.

The cost of EVs is high mainly due to the cost of Li-ion cells. The country has no resources of Lithium

hence; the battery packs used in EVs are imported, therefore cost a lot. This combined with the GST of

28% further increase the cost of batteries. The modern advanced batteries used in electric vehicles are

designed for extended life. But the batteries will require recurring cost after a time span. The prices of

Lithium based batteries are expected to decline as battery technologies improve and production

volumes increase. This advancement in batteries will have extended life, but will wear out eventually.

The recycling of such used and exhausted batteries will be essentially to be in environmental friendly

manner.

Li-ion batteries of Electric Vehicles

India has the potential to become one of the largest electric vehicles (EVs) markets in the world, with the

government pushing for the segment in order to curb pollution and reduce reliance on import-dependent

fossil fuel. However, the uptake of EVs had been slow in the country due to the high upfront as well as

life cycle costs cost but long-term investment in research and development (R&D) will create sustained

growth. Eventually, EVs will proliferate in the country in a big way in about a decade's time.

28


Promotions and Govt. Incentives for Electric Vehicles (EVs)

NITI-Aayog is considering a policy proposal to ban all internal

combustion engine two-wheelers under 150cc by year 2025 and three-

wheelers by year 2023.

Niti Aayog recommended that only electric three-wheelers should be

sold in the country by Year 2023

Extensive fiscal incentives and a favourable regulatory environment.

Govt. waived off registration and road tax on EVs.

All two-wheelers, with an engine capacity below 150cc, should

necessarily be electric by Year 2025.

Subsidies for promotion of electric mobility in India will be only for

commercial vehicles, and automobiles for personal usage will not be

included.

Government reduced more than half the goods and services tax (GST)

on EVs from 12% to 5%.

Slashed GST on EV chargers from 18% to 5%. The new rates are

effective from Aug. 1, 2019.

Tax rebates of up to ₹1.5 lakh on interest paid on loans to buy EVs with

a total exemption benefit of ₹2.5 lakh over the entire loan period.

Customs duty exemptions on lithium–ion cells, which will help lower the

cost of lithium-ion batteries in India as they are not produced locally.

Delhi Govt. Incentives:

Delhi government has plans to have at least 50 per cent of the new

buses on Delhi roads to be EVs by year 2024.

Delhi government is aiming to register up to 5 lakh new EVs by year

2024. Funds for the EV incentives will come via various cesses, road tax,

and charges,

Delhi Govt. incentives for electric two-wheelers, the amount of Rs 5,000

per kWh of battery capacity, while also offering an additional incentive of

Rs 5,000 for the scrappage of ICE bikes

Delhi Govt. incentive of Rs 10,000 per kWh of battery capacity, with the

total subsidy capped at Rs 1.5 lakh, but this is available only for the first

1,000 EVs sold.

Delhi Govt. has waived registration fees and road tax on new EVs for the

next three years.

Delhi Govt. incentives of Rs 30,000 on electric three-wheelers, along

with a 5 per cent subsidy on loans taken to procure the same.

Incentives for charging infrastructure, with the government offering a 100

per cent subsidy on charging equipment costing up to Rs. 6,000 per unit,

subject to a limit of 30,000 chargers, for home or office use.

20 percent reservation at residential and commercial parking lots for

electric vehicles.

29


Leapfrogging from BS-IV to BS-VI Emission Standards, skipping BS-V

To regulate the pollution emitted by cars and two wheelers, the govt. has put forth regulations Bharat

Stage Emission Standards (BSES). In year 2016, the Govt. has announced that the country would skip

the BS=V norms altogether and adopt BS-VI norms by April. 2020. Hon‘ble Supreme Court has

simultaneously banned the sale and registration of motor vehicles conforming to the emission standard

Bharat Stage IV in the entire country from 1st April 2020. The Supreme Court has ruled that BS-IV

vehicles will not be sold after March, 2020 when the BS-VI norms are put in place

In order to deal with pollution menace, the Govt, of India first introduced BS emission norms India - 2000

in the year 2000, BS-II and BS-III were introduced in year 2005 and 2010 while BS IV norms came into

effect in year 2017 with stricter emission norms. The BS-VI emission standard is the sixth iteration of the

emission norm and comparatively, it‘s a substantial leap in terms of reducing pollution compared to the

outgoing BS-IV. This is also because the BS-V has been skipped in an effort to move to better emission

norms. Both BS-IV and BS-VI are emission norms that set the maximum permissible levels for pollutants

emitting from a car or a two-wheeler exhaust. Compared to the BS-IV, BS-VI emission standards are

stricter. While manufacturers use this change to update their vehicles with new features and safety

standards, the biggest or the significant change comes in the form of stricter permissible emission

norms. The vehicle manufacturer will have to reconfigure their engines to meet emission control norms

The new emission standard will require both automobile manufacturers as well as oil marketing

companies to tweak their respective products. For optimal results, BS- VI compliant engines will have to

run on BS VI fuel, as new-generation engines running on lower quality fuel will emit a quantum of toxic

gases comparable to that generated by BS-IV engines. Moreover, running BS-VI compliant vehicles on

BS-IV fuel could be detrimental to their engines. Indian oil companies have already established a supply

chain for BS-VI-grade petrol and diesel, with distribution expanded to most filling stations in New Delhi

and other metro cities. If a BS VI vehicle uses BS IV-grade fuel, it won‘t be able to adhere to the BS-VI

emission norms. Similarly, if a BS-IV vehicle uses BS-VI-grade fuel; its engine will take a hit and

increase emissions.

The major differences between fuel grade for BS-VI and the incumbent BS-IV is that the former contains

five times lesser sulphur content (10 ppm) as compared to BS-IV (50 ppm). Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx),

produced as a result of combustion, will be brought down by 70 per cent for diesel, and 25 per cent for

petrol engines. Another significant change will be the presence of OBD (On-board Diagnostics) and

RDE (Real Driving Emission) on all vehicles, enabling real-time tracking of emissions. Diesel motors will

include DPF (Diesel Particulate Filter) and SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) technologies. Due to this

the vehicle manufacturers have to upgrade engine technologies and stop the production of BS-IV

compliant petrol/diesel vehicles.

India will switch to world’s cleanest BS-VI fuel from April 1, 2020

The country will switch to the world's cleanest petrol and diesel from April 1, 2020 when it moves to

Bharat Stage VI-compliant fuel from BS-IV grades now. With that, India will join the select League of

Nations using petrol and diesel containing just 10 parts per million of sulphur and emission standards

are as good as CNG. All refineries has started producing ultra-low sulphur BS-VI petrol and diesel from

end of 2019.The BS-VI fuel has already started travelling to petrol pumps and in the next few weeks, all

the petrol filling stations will have BS-VI grade petrol and diesel. The BS-VI compliant fuel will start

flowing from the nozzles at all petrol pumps in the country by April 1, 2020. The govt. decision to

leapfrog to BS-VI was a giant step towards clean fuel as first upgrading to BS-V and then shifting to BS-

VI would have prolonged the journey to 4 - 6 years. Besides, oil refineries, as well as automobile

manufacturers, would have had to make investments twice—first to producing BS-V grade fuel and

engines and then to BS-VI compliant engines and fuel.

Latest Salient Environment News

30


India’s State of Forest Report (ISFR, 2019) Released

The latest 'India State of Forest Report (ISFR 2019) released by the Country's Environment Minister on

December 30, 2019, revealed that the total forest and tree cover of the country is 807,276 square

kilometres (which is 24.56 per cent of the geographical area of the country) compared to 802,088 sq. km

sq. km (24.39 per cent) in ISFR 2017. The report marked an increase of 5,188 sq. km. of forest and tree

cover combined, at the national level, as compared to the previous assessment. When the last

assessment, ISFR 2017, was released, an increase of 8,021 sq. km. was recorded compared to the

data in ISFR 2015. The report highlighted a decrease in the forest area in the country‘s Northeast

region. Sharpest decline in forest area was recorded in Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur and Mizoram, This

decline in forest area in the northeast has been an on-going trend with the region witnessing a loss of

about 3,199 sq. km. of forest area since 2009.

ISFR 2019 is a biennial report published by the Forest Survey of India (FSI) and is the 16th such report

published. The calculations are largely based on satellite data. It includes information on forest cover,

tree cover, mangrove cover, growing stock inside and outside the forest areas, carbon stock in India‘s

forests, forest types and biodiversity, forest fire monitoring and forest cover in different slopes and

altitudes.

Survey to map Himalayan springs using LIDAR technology

Himalayan Springs are the lifeline of people living in the Himalayan regions. However, large scale

development in the region has led to drying up of many springs which in turn is leading to water scarcity,

As a part of the government‘s plan a first of its kind survey using LIDAR technology and drones will be

undertaken and all the springs in the Himalayan region will be mapped to form a National Registry in

order to revive natural sources of water in the hilly region, LIDAR, or light detection and ranging, is a

surveying method that measures distance to a target by illuminating the target with laser light and

measuring the reflected light with a sensor. Differences in laser return times and wavelengths will be

used to make digital 3-D representations of the springs.

The Himalayan destinations such as Shimla, Mussoorie, Nainital and even Gangtok often face acute

water crisis. Besides, there are apprehensions that the process of drying of springs, if left unattended,

could lead to large scale migration from the region. A pilot project will first be undertaken in Tehri

Garhwal under the Namami Gange initiative of the Jal Shakti ministry

CPCB threatens to shut down 14 coal-fired power plants, which failed to limit emissions

The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) has issued show-cause notices to 14 Non-compliant coal-

based power plants in six states, asking them to respond. why these plants should not be closed down

and environmental compensation be imposed for their failure to reduce emissions.

Four such plants are located in Haryana while. three are in Punjab, two each in Uttar Pradesh,

Telangana and Andhra Pradesh, and one in Tamil Nadu. Total installed capacity of these 14 thermal

power plants is approximately 15,000 MW. Nine such polluting plants are located roughly within 300 km

radius of Delhi.

Strict Action against Non-compliant thermal power plants include outright closing down of the plants till

they install Electrostatic Precipitators (ESP) to limit PM emission and Flue Gas Desulphurization (FGD)

to meet new emission limits for SO2, and imposing environmental compensation (penalties). These

plants have missed their respective deadlines, which was extended from earlier December 7Th

, 2017 to

December 31st, 2019 for SO2 and December, 2022 for NOx when the power plants flagged ―Technical

challenges‖ in implementing the order by the initial deadline.

31


Delhi’s Air Pollution was at lowest level this winter

This year‘s pollution levels in January have been better than previous years, with only a single day of

severe pollution so far. Aided by the western disturbances, the city witnessed a few days of rainfall that

helped alleviate the pollution. With the PM 2.5 level at 63 micrograms per cubic metre of air, New Delhi

saw its lowest mean figure according to the System of Air Quality and Weather Forecasting And

Research (SAFAR). The corresponding figure for Mumbai stood at 94, while Pune was at 71.

Ahmedabad did marginally better, coming in at 62. The overall Air Quality Index (AQI) for New Delhi

stood at 116, while Mumbai remained much worse at 205.

Union Cabinet clears Pesticides Management Bill, 2020 to regulate pesticide business

Union Cabinet on 12th Feb., 2020 approved the Pesticides Management Bill, 2020, which, the

government claims, will regulate the business of pesticides and compensate farmers in case of losses

from the use of spurious agro chemicals.

During February, 2018, the Centre released a draft of the Pesticides Bill that aims to replace the existing

Insecticides Act of 1968. A key proposal in the 2018 version of the Bill was to raise penalties on the sale

of prohibited or spurious pesticides to ₹50 lakh and up to five year‘s imprisonment, from the current

₹2,000 and up to three years‘ imprisonment. If there is any loss because of the spurious or low quality of

pesticides then there is a provision for compensations. This is the unique feature of this Bill. If required,

the government will form a central fund, which will take care of compensation

Most cities in India turning into “urban heat islands” : IIT Kharagpur study

The team of researchers from Centre for Oceans, Rivers, Atmosphere and Land Sciences (CORAL) of

IIT-Kharagpur and its Architecture and Regional Planning Department indicated in their recent study that

most big cities in the country with a population of more than one million recorded a rise in mercury level

during daytime and showed an increasing trend in the night hours.

The statement from IIT-Kharagpur released the finding of the study, ‗Anthropogenic forcing exacerbating

the urban heat islands in India on February 7, 2020, which has further noted that the relatively warmer

temperatures in urban areas, compared to the suburbs, have potential health hazards due to heat

waves apart from pollution.

India begins coral restoration in Gulf of Kachchh

The Zoological Survey of India (ZSI), with help from Gujarat‘s Forest Department, is attempting for the

first time a process to restore coral reefs using bio-rock or mineral accretion technology. Bio-rock is the

name given to the substance formed by electro accumulation of minerals dissolved in seawater on steel

structures that are lowered onto the sea bed and are connected to a power source, in this case solar

panels that float on the surface.

The technology works on the principle that when a positively charged anode and negatively charged

cathode are placed on the sea floor, with an electric current flowing between them, calcium ions

combine with carbonate ions and adhere to the structure (cathode). This results in calcium carbonate

formation. Coral larvae adhere to the CaCO3 and grow quickly; a bio-rock structure was installed one

nautical mile off the Mithapur coast in the Gulf of Kachchh on January 19. 2020,

32


Water Aerodromes yet to seek green clearance

The government announced the government‘s low-cost flying scheme, UDAN (Ude Desh ka Aam

Nagrik) in January 2019, among the routes awarded to airlines were those that provided air connectivity

to 10 waterdromes — the Statue of Unity, the Sabarmati riverfront and the Shatrunjay dam in Gujarat;

the Nagarjuna Sagar dam and the Prakasam barrage in Andhra Pradesh and Havelock Island, Neil

Island and Long island in Andaman and Nicobar. Eight of these waterdromes in Gujarat, Assam and

Andaman and Nicobar were awarded to the SpiceJet and the remaining two were bagged by the

Turbojet Aviation Private Limited.

The Ministry of Civil Aviation appointed a consultant, to prepare a detailed project report in August last

year. Subsequently, a proposal was sent to the Ministry of Environment and Forest (MoEF) seeking the

―terms of reference‖ for conducting an environment impact assessment (EIA) for three waterdromes in

Andaman and Nicobar, which was granted on November 25. Once the EIA is finalised, the apex body

under the MoEF&CC, Environment Approval Committee, will take it up for clearance. A year after

contract for 10 water aerodromes awarded to airlines for seaplane operations, the environmental

clearance yet to be obtained. As per the EAC‘s ―Terms of Reference‖ for the waterdromes in Andaman

and Nicobar, the Ministry of Civil Aviation will have to provide information about toilet waste from flights,

disposal of trash collected during flights and waste from eateries and shops at the aerodromes. Details

have also been sought about the impact of noise on the sensitive environment and presence of corals.

The process of seeking environmental clearance also requires a lot of data such as bathymetric test,

Pune-based NGO start-up is producing chic bags from discarded plastic

An NGO start-up ―Arahona Ecosocial Development‖ (www.aarohana.org) based at Pune produces chic

bags and laptop sleeves from discarded plastic bags and PET bottles. The recycling of plastic bags

begins with manually washing then separating on the basis of colour and sun-dried on a clothesline. The

cleaned plastics are then shredded using scissors. The shreds are later spun into yarn using traditional

charkhas, which eventually is woven into fabrics on a handloom. The sheets of fabrics are then rolled

and then sent back to Pune where the production team designs and stitches the bags. Over 30 to 40

plastic bottles go into the making of one laptop bag. The start-up has managed to up-cycle over a million

plastic bags by turning them into totes, handbags, beach bags, yoga mat carrier, dairy covers, pencil

pouches and home decor items.

Heavy metals contaminating India’s rivers

Central Water Commission (CWC) in the report findings based on the study undertaken between May,

2014 to April, 2018, has indicated that the samples taken from two-thirds of the water quality stations

spanning India‘s major rivers showed contamination by one or more heavy metals, exceeding safe limits

set by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS).

The samples from only one-third of water quality stations were safe. The rest, 287 (65%) of the 442

samples, were polluted by heavy metals. Samples from 101 stations had contamination by two metals;

six stations have contamination by three metals. Iron emerged as the most common contaminant with

156 of the sampled sites registering levels of the metal above safe limits. None of the sites registered

arsenic levels above the safe limit. Several rivers have only been sampled at a single site, whereas

others such as the Ganga, the Yamuna and the Godavari are sampled at multiple sites. Marked

variation was found in contamination levels depending on the season. For instance, iron contamination

was persistent through most of the Ganga during monsoon but dipped significantly during the non-

monsoon periods. The reasons for contamination, according to the authors of the report, were

―population growth and rise in agricultural and industrial activities‖.

33


Union Environment Ministry issued Draft notification to regulate RO-based water filtration systems Acting on the National Green Tribunal order asking the Centre to prohibit use of reverse osmosis (RO)

purifier ban the use of RO systems, where tap water meets BIS norms, the Environment Ministry has

moved to regulate RO systems.

Union Environment Ministry has issued a draft notification on 3rd

Feb 2020 that seeks to regulate

membrane-based water filtration systems in areas where the source of water meets drinking water

norms of the Bureau of Indian Standards. This primarily affects reverse osmosis (RO)-based water

filtration systems and the rules, at least in letter, effectively prohibit homes from installing domestic RO

systems. The draft, however, was silent on the TDS limit and preferred to go by the ―acceptable limit for

drinking water prescribed by the Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS)‖ which is aligned with international

specifications. It also said water from RO purification system for domestic use would be ―used only for

drinking purpose‖.

World’s first - State-owned major ports in the country switched to renewable energy Under a ‗green port‘ initiative, the Shipping Ministry had directed all the major ports to install grid-

connected and roof-top solar and wind power projects to facilitate day-to-day operations including

supplying shore-power to visiting ships in an eco-friendly manner.

The dozen state-owned major ports viz, Deendayal Port Trust, Mumbai Port Trust, Jawaharlal Nehru

Port Trust, New Mangalore Port Trust, Mormugao Port Trust, Cochin Port Trust, Chennai Port Trust, VO

Chidambaranar Port Trust, Visakhapatnam Port Trust, Paradip Port Trust, Kolkata Port Trust and

Kamarajar Port Ltd. have switched to renewable energy to meet their entire power requirements, making

India the first nation to have all government-owned ports running on solar and wind renewable energy.

Environment rules violations can now be reported to NGT online

The National Green Tribunal (NGT) has taken a unique measure to allow online filing of complaints,

opening a new vista for ordinary and concern citizens to highlight violations of environmental laws and

rules. The tribunal redesigned its website and launched an online filing of complaints and petitions by

submitting a fee of ₹1,000 without engaging an advocate. It also entertained mails and letters and

admitted those as petitions.

India Inc. coaxing employees to carpool, use ride-share apps

Many top corporates in the country with large workforces such as Infosys, Cap Gemini, Cognizant,

HCL, Amazon, Flipkart, Siemens, L&T, Biocon and HDFC Bank and several smaller companies are now

proactively encouraging employees to carpool, bikepool, and use ride-share apps to commute to work

to help ease persistent traffic gridlocks across Indian cities every working day and reduce air pollution.

They are running awareness campaigns, setting up digital platforms to help employees plan commutes

better, and even rewarding top carpoolers to keep employees engaged and motivated to reduce carbon

emissions and traffic jams across cities

34


Indian states must provide clean air and water or pay damages

Hon‘ble Supreme Court on 25

th Nov 2019 has declared that State Governments will have to pay their

citizens compensation, if they fail to provide clean air and water. The people had the constitutional right

to live free of pollution.

The governments of Punjab, Haryana, Delhi and Uttar Pradesh were highlighted as those that should be

responsible for compensating the millions living in Delhi‘s toxic smog. The Supreme Court has recently

made rulings to try to get state governments to act, including issuing an order to stop all crop stubble

burning, which in states such as Punjab and Haryana remains rampant and is a huge contributor to

Delhi‘s pollution. The court judges expressed outrage that this ruling appeared to have been entirely

ignored, with crop burning shown to have in fact increased.

___________________________________________________________________________________

NGT Directions on Ship breaking impact on environment

The NGT on January 8, 2020 directed the Union Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change

(MoEF&CC) to pay an amount of Rs 70 lakh to the CSIOR- National Institute of Oceanography (CSIR-

NIO), Goa. The amount would be used to conduct environmental audit of ship breaking yards by the

NIO.

_________________________________________________________________________________________

NGT Directions regarding RO technology

The National Green Tribunal (NGT) on January 10, 2020 granted the Union Ministry of Environment,

Forest and Climate Change two months‘ time to finalise the policy on use of Reverse Osmosis (RO)

technology in India.

_________________________________________________________________________________________

Supreme Court Steps to contain air and water pollution

In the matter of M. C. Mehta Vs, Union of India & Others dated 13/01/2020 regarding steps to prevent

air and water pollution, Supreme Court on January 13, 2020 passed a series of directions to contain air

and water pollution plaguing Delhi and the National Capital Region.

_________________________________________________________________________________________

NGT Orders on Rejuvenation of Yamuna

The NGT on January 22, 2020 directed Haryana to undertake remedial action in order to check the

discharge of untreated sewage directly into the Yamuna River at Faridabad.

Important Hon’ble Court’s Decisions on Environmental

Matters

35


CPCB can utilise 25% of environmental compensation fund: NGT

The National Green Tribunal on January 23, 2020 gave the Central Pollution Control Board the go

ahead to proceed with the proposal for utilisation of 25 per cent of environmental compensation fund.

According to CPCB, a separate dedicated account has been maintained to receive the amount of

environmental compensation and as on 31/12/2018 an amount of about ₹48.83 crores is with CPCB,

which has been proposed to be spent on development of infrastructure for air and water quality

surveillance and monitoring for different locations in Delhi-NCR and other needed places.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

Compliance of environmental norms by armed forces

The National Green Tribunal (NGT) on February 11, 2020 directed the defence secretary to provide the

name of the responsible joint secretary, who would file a report on waste management by the armed

forces.

In May 2019, the tribunal had asked the Union Ministry of Defence to file a status report in the matter

after ascertaining the relevant facts and status of compliance of environmental norms from different

concerned establishments within three months. But no report had been filed till February 2020.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

NGT Directions for Scientific disposal of fly ash by Thermal Power Plants

The NGT on February 12, 2020 directed thermal power plants to take prompt steps for scientific

disposal of fly ash in accordance with the statutory notification issued by the Union Ministry of

Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC), under the provisions of the Environment

Protection Act. The CPCB has been asked to compute and levy environmental compensation.

___________________________________________________________________________________

Environment (Protection) Amendment Rules, 2019: Environmental

Standards for Iron and Steel Plants

The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MOEFCC) has published a Draft

Notification dated 4th December, 2019 for obtaining Public Comments, regarding new standards for

Integrated Iron and Steel Plants (Blast Furnace, Coke Oven, Sinter Plant, Steel Melting Shop, etc.)

Publication Date: 04/12/2019 Source: Ministry of Environment Forests and Climate Change

_____________________________________________________________________________

Gazette Notification relaxing Norms for Household Industries

Household industrial units with maximum 09 workers and 11 KW power may be allowed to continue in

residential areas and new industrial units of this type could be permitted in residential area subject to

statutory clearances from Labour and Industries Departments and DPCC (Delhi Pollution Control

Committee)

Publication Date: 11/12/2019 Source: Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs

__________________________________________________________________________________

Recent important Notifications related with Environment

36


Notification on Jal Jeevan Mission : Operational Guidelines - Draft

The government had approved Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM)‘ in August 2019, to provide Functional

Household Tap Connection (FHTC) to every rural household by year 2024. These operational

guidelines released by the Prime Minister at Vigyan Bhavan will help various functionaries involved in

the implementation of Jal Jeevan Mission.

Press Release Publication Date: 25/12/2019 Source: Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation

Environment (Protection) 2nd Amendment Rules, 2019 regarding

Notification of Effluent Standards for Automobile service stations, Bus

depot or workshop

The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC) has notified Effluent Standards

for Automobile service station, Bus depot or workshop under the provisions of the Environment

(Protection) 2nd

Amendment Rules, 2019


Guidelines for implementing Wetlands (Conservation and Management)

Rules, 2017

The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC) has notified Wetlands

(Conservation and Management) Rules, 2017 (hereinafter Wetlands Rules) under the provisions of the

Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. The guidelines have been drafted to support the State

Governments / Union Territory (UT) Administrations in the implementation of the Rules.

Publication Date: 06/01/2020 Source: Ministry of Environment Forests and Climate Change _________________________________________________________________________________

New Wetland Conservation Rules that prohibit setting up or expansion of

industries and disposal of construction and demolition waste within the

wetlands.

Ministry of Environment has notified the New Wetland Conservation Rules that prohibit setting up or

expansion of industries, and disposal of construction and demolition waste within the wetlands. The

ministry has also directed that each state and Union Territory will have to set up an authority that will

define strategies for conservation and wise use of wetlands within their jurisdiction.


Blue Flag Certification of activities and facilities in identified beaches

under Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ), including Islands, The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, with a view to protect and conserve the

environment and control and abate pollution in coastal beaches and sea waters, has identified

beaches for the purpose of internationally recognised ―Blue Flag‖ Certification of activities and facilities

in identified beaches under Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ), including Islands,; The stringent ―Blue

Flag‖ Certification Standards call for responsible and sustainable amenities and infrastructure

development, cleanliness, safety and security services etc.


37


Amendment in EIA Notification 14 September 2006 ‘No EC required for

increase in up to 50% production, if there is no increase in pollution load’

Any change in raw material-mix or product-mix, change in quantities within products or number of

products in the same category for which prior environmental clearance, provided there is no increase

in pollution load and the resultant increase in production is not more than 50% of the production

capacity permitted in the earlier EC. The project proponent shall follow the procedure for obtaining ―No

Increase in Pollution Load‖ Certificate from the concerned State Pollution Control Board / UTPCC, as

the case may be, as per the provisions given in Appendix XIII.

Gazette Notification SO 236 (E) dated 16 January 2020 Source: Ministry of Environment Forests and

Climate Change

__________________________________________________________________________________

Mechanism of one-step process of Consent to Establish – Environmental

Clearance has been decided by MOEF&CC

Detailed flow diagram provided on how to go for CTE and EC simultaneously. Form 1 application

submitted online will be processed simultaneously for Scoping (for TOR) at MOEF&CC/SEIAA and for

CTE at respective SPCB / UTPCC

Office Memorandum: F. No 3-3/2019.IA.III dated 5 February, 2020 Source: Ministry of Environment Forests and Climate Change

NGT ordered Thermal Power Plants to deposit damage cost to CPCB in

case it failed to utilize / dispose 100% flyash on 31 December 2017

The damage cost range from ₹1 Crore for upto 500 MW plant, ₹3 Crores for 500-1000 MW plant and

₹5 Crores beyond 1000 MW plant.

NGT Order dated 11 February 2020 while disposing Application 152 of 2016 CZ.

Amendment in EIA Notification 14 September 2006 to expedite the process

of granting standard Terms of Reference (ToR) in respect of expansion

proposals and projects located within notified Industrial Estates,

To expedite the process of granting Standard Terms of Reference (ToR) in respect of expansion

proposals and projects located within notified Industrial Estates, where there is no examination of

alternative sites involved, the Ministry proposes to introduce the concept of issuance of an online

Standard Terms of Reference (ToR) after acceptance of the proposal in Form-1 by the Regulatory

Authority, automatically through the web portal developed by the Ministry to the Project Proponent.

Gazette Notification by MOEF&CC, SO 751 (E) dated 17 February 2020

Notification for expediting prior Environmental Clearances to the projects

for manufacturing of Bio-ethanol for the purpose of blending with the petrol

under the Ethanol Blending Programme

Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, in exercise of the powers conferred by sub-

section (1) and clause (v) of sub - section (2) of section 3 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986

38


(29 of 1986), the Central Government has published notification for expediting prior environmental

clearances to the projects for manufacturing of bio-ethanol for the purpose of blending with the petrol

under the Ethanol Blending Programme Vide Gazette Notification number S.O. 345(E), dated the 17th

January, 2019 to remain in force for a period of one year

Gazette Notification by MOEF&CC, SO 750 (E) dated 17 February, 2020

__________________________________________________________________________________________

Draft Battery Waste Management Rules, 2020 Notification

Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate change has notified Draft Battery Waste Management

Rules, 2020, in supersession of the Batteries (Management and Handling) Rules, 2001, for the

information of the public likely to be affected thereby and notice is given that the said notification will

be taken into consideration by the Central Government after expiry of 60 days from the date of its

issue

Gazette Notification by MOEF&CC, SO 770 (E) dated 20 February, 2020

Draft Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification, 2020

Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate change notified Draft Environment Impact Assessment

(EIA) notification 2020, which proposes to bring projects that have violated or will violate the

environment clearance process, overhauling some of the procedures underlined in the 2006

notification. The Notification is meant for imposing certain restrictions and prohibition on the

undertaking some projects or expansion or modernization of such existing projects entailing capacity

addition, in any part of India, in supersession of the EIA Notification dated 14th September 2006, and

its subsequent amendments

As per the draft notification, all projects and activities have been divided into three categories -- ‗A‘,

‗B1‘, and ‗B2‘ based on the potential social and environmental impacts and spatial extent of these

impacts. In a new section ―Dealing with violation cases‖, the draft notification states that cognizance of

environmental violations will be taken in four ways -- suo moto application of the project proponent; or

reporting by any government authority; found during the appraisal by Appraisal Committee; or any

violation found during the processing of application, if any, by the regulatory authority.

Draft Notification by MOEF&CC, dated 12 March, 2020

Central Pollution Control

Board Alumni Association

(CPCBAA)

Corresponding Address

Central Pollution Control Board (Ministry of Environment Forest & Climate Change

Parivesh Bhavan, East Arjun Nagar

Delhi -110032

E Mail : [email protected]

39


About

CPCB Alumni Association

(CPCBAA)

The CPCB Alumni Association (CPCBAA) is a Non-Profit, Non-

Governmental organization.

CPCB Alumni Association (CPCBAA) has been born during January, 2020

and likely to be registered under the Societies Registration Act, 1860. The

association comprises of former Environmental Scientists, Environmental

Engineers, Senior administrative, financial, Legal and secretarial officers of

Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) having expertise in their various

domains and vast multidisciplinary fields of Environmental Science &

Engineering.

Vision:

A clean healthy and well protected environment, supporting a

sustainable society and infrastructure with more awareness on

environmental issues, challenges, Sustainable development, providing

green solutions to practical problems and promoting sustainable and

healthy living among masses

Providing knowledge & science based approaches/strategies in

supporting reliable and sustainable development vis-a-vis

environmental protection.

CPCBAA also has vision of creating sustainable development and greener

living by creating environmental awareness among masses, providing

environmental engineering solutions to various environmental issues in

collaboration with statutory bodies.

Services offered by CPCBAA:

A. Social Services:

Social services like creating awareness among masses and school kids etc. Creating awareness among masses and children in schools, youths in universities, general public in residential colonies, societies, NGOs, Govt. departments like Municipalities etc on various aspects of environment, environmental pollution, pollution prevention etc.

To promote social aspect and community services in form of tree plantation, Eco-tourism, Eco-club, sanitation, cleanliness, personal hygiene etc.

B. Educational Services:

Imparting Trainings - Specific need based environment management training on topics like pollution & its abatement, Pollution control, Waste management, Environmental monitoring, Operation and maintenance of pollution control system, Waste management facilities, ETPs, STPs etc. for human resource development.

CPCBAA

EXECUTIVE

COMMITTEE

Er U N Singh President

Dr C S Sharma Vice President

Dr J K Moitra General Secretary

Sh A K Sinha Joint Secretary

Dr S K Tyagi Organizing Secretary

Dr R B Lal Treasurer

Executive Committee Members

Er. M L Yadav

Er. R C Saxena

Sh S K Arora

Dr C B S Sengar

Er (Ms) Pavithra L J

40


Preparing need based technical training modules on various aspects of Environment Education, Monitoring, Air /water Quality Management, Environmental laboratories operation and management, Quality Assurance & Quality Control, etc.

C. Professional Services:

Collaboration with CPCB, CSIR-NEERI, MoEF&CC, SPCBs/PCCs, State Environment Deptt. IITs, IMD,, IITM and other institutions, NGOs etc. for environmental related Technical Tasks, Projects, Documentation, Policy making, setting standards etc.

Providing professional services on various environmental subjects & areas such as environmental awareness, preparation of environmental training modules and imparting trainings for human Resource Development, Capacity building, Pollution control designing and implementation, Solid waste management, Environmental compliances in industries, laboratory planning operation & management, Quality assurance & Quality control in environmental laboratories, Laboratory accreditation, green belt development, rain water harvesting, Environmental audits, Specific documentation or any environment related matters.

Providing inputs to policies and strategies for global forums on issues such as global warming, climate change & Sustainable Development Goals etc.

Organizing seminars on environmental pollution prevention & control alone or in collaboration with various statutory bodies

To associate in ground level environmental improvement activities such as tree plantation, sanitation, municipal solid waste management in association with statutory bodies, NGOs and any other organizations.

Preparing technical documents, reports on pollution prevention & control, recommending changes in environmental quality standards and legislation etc.

D. Welfare Services

To undertake Welfare matters of superannuated CPCBians with concerned authorities,

Resources, Grants and Donations:

CPCB Alumni Association (CPCBAA) is Non-governmental, Non-Profit organization; hence it does not have

any regular financial resources, grants-in-aid from any source.

CPCBAA supports and generates its own financial resources through membership drive, by extending

professional services, seeking support from parental organization and other benevolent organizations on

case to case basis. CPCBAA can accept donations, humanitarian grants/financial support and sponsorship

from various quarters. CPCBAA maintain total transparency in financial matters during its endeavour.

ENVIRO - NURTURE

EDITORIAL

COMMITTEE

Dr C S Sharma Editor-in-Chief\

Dr J K Moitra

Dr S K Tyagi

Dr C B S Sengar

Dr R B Lal

Er (Ms) Pavithra L J

Contact us:

E Mail:

[email protected]

Mobile:

9953608058 (President}

9810032481 (General

Secretary)

9891065577 (Treasurer)

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