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TRANSCRIPT
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By Zeb
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bidiah Buck
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Table of Contents ______
Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………..2
Electrical Energy Usage………………………………………………………………………....3
Natural Gas………………………………………………………………………………………4
Renewable Energy Initiative…………………………………………………………………….4
Water…………………………………………………………………………………………….8
Sewage…………………………………………………………………………………………..9
Dining Services…………………………………………………………………………………..9
Solid Waste………………………………………………………………………………………11
Recycling………………………………………………………………………………………...12
Campus Involvement…………………………………………………………………………….14
Purchasing………………………………………………………………………………………..14
E-Waste…………………………………………………………………………………………..16
Campus Grounds…………………………………………………………………………………16
LEED Certification for Further Exploration……………………………………………………..18
Greenhouse Gas………………………………………………………………………………….19
Environmental Sustainability Curriculum……………………………………………………….19
Future Endeavors………………………………………………………………………………...21
Acknowledgements……………………………………………………………………………...22
Appendices………………………………………………………………………………………23
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Current Electrical Energy Usage:
Lycoming College currently purchases all of its electricity from PPL Electric Utilities Corporation. A billing analysis has been used to create an energy use profile of the college to document each building on campus. The following Tables show the trends observed from 2007, 2008, and 2009 fiscal years. Through this data, a correlation can be made to catalog the highest energy users on campus to the most expensive buildings to maintain. Hopefully significant efforts will be made throughout the campus to lower energy consumption numbers in response to rising energy costs after viewing these data.
The Snowden Library is a major electricity user because the lights on all four floors are on about 16 hours every day, all week. Buildings & Grounds recently removed half of the lighting tubes on the third and fourth floors, thereby reducing about one quarter of the lighting in the entire library. Specifically, there were 3,200 tubes in the entire library and 800 were removed, going from 50 W to 25 W. This small initiative saved Lycoming College about $6,000/year, and with the current energy hike, that is equivalent to $12,000/year.
*Yearly totals are not fully complete; further editions of this document will finalize this data.
The major energy decrease from 2007 to 2008 and 2009 can be accredited to retrofitting the previously wasteful sprinkler system in the Heim building, which is used to cool the compressors while running on full power all day, every day. The new, more efficient chiller is designed for the size of the building and is operating at lower power throughout the day instead of at 100% continuously.
See Appendices1, 4, 7, and 9 for more complete data, charts and graphs for electrical energy consumption.
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8,500,000
9,000,000
9,500,000
10,000,000
10,500,000
11,000,000
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2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Campus Electical Use in KWh by Year
Totals
4
Natural Gas:
Lycoming College used to purchase its natural gas from UGI Utilities, Inc., a natural gas and electric utility company headquartered in Reading, Pennsylvania. The company is a wholly owned subsidiary of UGI Corporation, based in Valley Forge. However, in 2010, Lycoming switched to purchasing natural gas from the Hess Corporation because their prices vary with market costs, making it an overall more economically beneficial decision for the college. Since the school was able to consolidate its usage totals from all of the buildings on campus that use natural gas, gas is now purchased in MCFs (1000 cubic feet) instead of CCFs (100 cubic feet), providing the institution with an overall price.
Below is a brief summary of the 2008-2009 gas totals for Lycoming College as a whole:
2008
Used 568,311 CCFs of gas costing $727,110.753
2009
Used 391,264.96 CCFs of gas costing $504,737.42
The decrease of natural gas from 2008 to 2009 is attributed to the exceptionally cooler temperatures experienced in 2008. With colder weather comes a greater need for gas to heat buildings around campus. The 2008 chill was not just felt in Williamsport, PA but the northeast United States experienced a 4-6° drop in overall average temperatures between January and March that year.
To compensate for the realized increase in use of natural gas, Lycoming College reduced the temperatures in the dormitory buildings (East, Wesley, Williams, Forrest, and Asbury) by 10° (68° to 58°) during the 2008 winter break. In an attempt to reduce cost of gas and energy, the college policy is to reduce the temperature in those dormitories during winter breaks in the future.
In a future edition of this document, the natural gas usages per building should be broken down for a more complete data record. It is a difficult task, however, because Crever Hall heats Rich Hall and part of the Wertz building through underground streamlines, like the Heim building which heats Forrest Hall.
Renewable Energy Initiative:
Solar
In 2008, Dr. Mel Zimmerman and Clean Water Institute interns Megan Schulze ’11 and Tracie Curtis ’09 attended the Solar Scholars Conference at Dickinson College hosted by the Sustainable Energy Fund to learn more about the advantages of solar energy. A competitive grant process followed if an institution was interested in receiving a grant for a 3.1 Kw
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carbon dioxide emissions from vehicles by providing cleaner burning power. It is also cheaper than the diesel fuel used in today’s vehicles.
The first diesel engine was designed and built by Rudolf Diesel in 1897, and surprisingly enough was originally meant to run on peanut oil. This was the first successful biodiesel engine ever built. Lycoming College’s own Kyle Ruhl ‘11 and Chandler Couch ’11 began leading the way to using “green” fuel by building a filtering and purifying system to convert the college’s used cooking oil into effective and useable fuel. Kyle began doing this as his senior project, and also as a way to get around by powering his personal car with the fuel he makes. The oil that is recovered from the cafeteria is first added to a large tank, heated up, and filtered to remove the water and excess food particles that may still be present. Next, the oil is heated to about 350˚ and methanol and sodium hydroxide are added to slightly alter the chemical structure of the oil. After this process, excess methanol is recovered for later use and a glycerin byproduct is removed from the crude fuel. Water is then added to the tank to wash the fuel and dissolve the small particles of unused additives. It is then effectively bubbled out using ordinary air leaving only the final product. The glycerin byproduct can be used as an effective compost contributor, or can be made into a truly “green” soap.
The amount of oil used is directly proportionate to the amount of fuel is made. A large part of this operation is relatively cheap to build and maintain. A five hundred dollar donation was made by the college to the biodiesel project along with an additional one thousand dollar donation from an outside source close to the college. There are few things to keep maintained on this project such as the dry wash filters which were inexpensive along with the screens used to take excess food particles out of the oil. Kyle and a few other Lycoming College students and staff attended a conference at Dickinson College in the spring of 2010 to learn more about biodiesel fuel and how to make college campuses more environmentally sustainable.
The biodiesel shed is located on Willow Street near the college and will house the production and storage of the biodiesel fuel. After a year of stockpiling oil from the college, 700 gallons have been gathered. When production begins, after the project has passed the necessary regulations, they will be able to generate and use about 35 gal/week and store up to 600 gallons of biodiesel on site.
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9
*Yearly data are not fully complete; further editions of this document will finalize this data.
For about five years, the 190,000 gallon pool in Lamade Gymnasium had an unknown leak that caused the college’s water bills to be raised exponentially. Lycoming was pumping in about one million gallons of water quarterly until they hired Don Cook of Don Cook’s Scuba Equipment to dive to the bottom with a spray bottle full of colored dye to find the leak. In 2008, the leak was repaired and the water data for the gym is now accurate.
See Appendices 2, 6, 7, and 10 for more complete water usage data, tables, and charts.
Sewage:
Sewage from Lycoming College is treated by the Williamsport Sanitary Authority (WSA). The WSA maintains two secondary wastewater treatment plants in the city with 10.5 million gallons per day (mgal/day) passing through the Central Plant and 5.5 mgal/day passing through the West Plant. The College sewage goes to the Central Plant near Basin Street.
The Central Plant is currently being upgraded to reduce combined sewage overflow (CSO) events during heavy rains that result in raw sewage flowing directly into the West Branch of the Susquehanna River. This proactive move also reduces nitrogen concentrations in the West Branch as part of the Chesapeake Bay initiative, limiting a major factor in the declining health of the bay.
The Lycoming College Clean Water Institute (CWI) has participated in an educational effort in the city of Williamsport to encourage the public not to dump materials down the storm water drains, as they can pollute the river. In Williamsport, there are 13, 000 storm water drains, with 110 of those located in and around the campus of Lycoming College. Over the summer, CWI interns were engaged in a storm water stencil project (see Appendix 11) to warn the public not to dump, as the drains go to the river.
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Water UsageTotals at Lycoming College (2005‐2009) in Thousands of Gallons
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10
Dining Services:
The motivation for analyzing the food sector of the College in this audit was to determine where our food comes from, how much is local, and how much is organic. Buying local strengthens the local economy and protects the environment by cutting down product transportation time. The main idea behind this is that everyone should think globally by acting locally!
Lycoming College outsources its food services to Parkhurst Dining Services, a company whose commitment to sustainability is a leader in the industry. While most of Lycoming’s food comes from USFOODS and a distribution center in Greensburg PA, it purchases food worldwide, many food items are bought locally and in various other parts of Pennsylvania. Milk is purchased from Schneider Valley Farms distribution center, located on Third Street in Williamsport, PA. Schneider Valley Farms, in turn, purchases its milk from farmers in Pennsylvania and New York. All bread and buns are purchased at the Butter Krust Bakery branch in Sunbury PA. All sub rolls are purchased from New Lycoming Bakery in Southside Williamsport PA, Foods purchased in other parts of Pennsylvania include: Heinz ketchup products from Pittsburgh and in-season produce from Pocono Produce in East Stroudsburg PA. Efforts are made to purchase food from other local sustainable farms when possible. One farmer, from whom the College purchases local fruit from, is located in Mifflinburg PA. Currently Lycoming College dining services purchases around 30% of their overall purchases from vendors that are considered local or within 125 miles of the college
The sustainability efforts also reached Lycoming’s other dining locations: Jack’s Corner, and The Café 1812. Jack’s Corner no longer wraps its takeout food in aluminum foil. Instead, food is placed in paper bags for takeout. Management is currently working on replacing Styrofoam cups with cups made from more sustainable materials; however, they are required by the company that makes the Freshens smoothies to keep Styrofoam cups for its smoothies. The Café now is a Starbucks campus and uses earth friendly cups for its drinks. Additionally, Café 1812 and Starbucks also participates in the Fair Trade Agreement with coffee bean farmers who will only buy coffee beans from sustainable farms or farms working towards becoming sustainable.
Catering is the final aspect of dining services that is striving to be environmentally sustainable. Efforts are being made to replace plastic ware with chinaware and suspend the use of black plastic utensils. Catering services is also working to find ways to recycle its food waste. There have been considerations to buy recyclable utensils and/or “spudware,” utensils made from potatoes!
Food Waste
All wastes are disposed of at the Lycoming County Landfill. The food waste is mixed in with other solid wastes from around campus and is ultimately measured in tonnage. Because of limited space, there are no dumpsters outside the Wertz building and each day food waste is refrigerated in order to reduce odor and insect problems. The waste is then transported to the county landfill for disposal.
11
Dining Services began its tray-less initiative in the 2008-2009 school year. First, trays were not used on Tuesdays. Then, an additional tray-less day was added each week until trays were no longer available. The purpose of a tray-less dining hall is to:
1) Reduce the amount of food waste produced 2) Decrease the amount of water going into and out of the Wertz Student Center 3) Reduce the amount of electricity used in running the dishwashers 4) Decrease the amount of dish washing chemicals purchased and wasted.
As a result of this initiative, dining services was able to reduce the amount of food waste produced by eight 50 gallon trash cans and the water usage by about 360,000 gallons per semester.
Kitchen Appliances
Most appliances currently in use are at least 30 years old, but are being replaced by more energy efficient appliances as they wear out. Employees are urged to turn off appliances when they are finished using them. Dining services made the switch to electric gas oven in the summer of 2009. Electric gas ovens contain no pilot light, spark and light on demand, and are better insulated – reducing cooking time. Many light fixtures have begun using Compact Fluorescent Light (CFL) bulbs with special care being taken to not use CFL bulbs on lights that warm food. However, dining services switched to high heat heating lights for those lights that heat food. Management also tracks the costs of equipment repairs in comparison to the original cost of the equipment to determine whether or not it would be more cost effective to replace that piece of equipment with a more environmentally-friendly model. The top three energy consuming appliances in the kitchen are the dish washer (as it runs almost constantly and has steam-generated water pumps), the bakery oven because it is continuously rotating, and the coolers and freezers as they run 24/7.
Other Initiatives
Aside from the previous three sections, Parkhurst is helping with environmental sustainability in other ways. They are working with the school to covert used frying oil into biodiesel fuel for campus-owned vehicles. Cardboard products are recycled, and efforts are being made to find available space to recycle more plastics. During the 2008-2009 school year, individual ketchup bottles on each table were replaced with a condiment station with fast food-style pump dispensers. Bleached napkins were also replaced with napkins made from post-consumer recyclable materials.
In addition, Parkhurst and Lycoming College’s Buildings and Grounds staff are looking into more ways to recycle the large volume of cans and plastic bottles generated every week by the college currently they are picked up each day and sent to recycling by the building and grounds crew.
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Solid Waste:
All solid waste generated at Lycoming College, except that which is recycled, is collected by Fred Hamm Inc. that serves Lock Haven, Jersey Shore, Williamsport, and surrounding areas in Pennsylvania. The waste is then disposed of at the Lycoming County landfill in Montgomery, PA.
The Lycoming Country landfill is located just off of Route 15 on property leased from the Federal Bureau of Prisons. The county landfill is the only municipal landfill in PA and serves mostly Lycoming and Union Counties; no out-of-state waste is accepted. The landfill receives about 1,100 tons of municipal solid waste per day and is the home of an extensive county-wide recycling program that offers biweekly curbside pickup and generated $1,618,544 in revenue from the sale of recycled materials in 2008. The Lycoming County landfill is a Cogeneration plant, meaning that they generate electricity and useful heat while simultaneously using power. They generate enough electricity to power about 1,400 homes and provide hot water to all on-site buildings without using fossil fuels. Lycoming College is proud to call them their definitive waste receivers because they are one of the most environmentally-minded landfills in the state.
Recycling:
Each building on Lycoming’s campus is equipped with recycling bins on each floor. Glass, plastic, and aluminum recycling is standard with paper recycling in every public computer lab and professor’s office. Recycling is more extensive in dormitory buildings with one room per building housing glass, plastic, aluminum, newspaper, white paper, magazine, and cardboard recycling as well as general trash waste cans. It is our hope in the future to install permanent glass, aluminum, and plastic recycling units beside each trash can in every building.
In March of 2012, Lycoming College received nearly 1,600, 6-gallon blue recycling bins that appeared in every residence hall room upon students’ return from Spring Break. The receptacles were given by the ALCOA Foundation’s grant to encourage students to enhance their recycling efforts. The excess bins were placed by the Building and Grounds staff in classrooms, faculty offices, and other common areas. The grant was discovered as a result of Lycoming’s participation in RecycleMania, which is a recycling competition between colleges and universities across the country. With the help of Dr. Sue Gaylor who drafted the proposal that enabled the school to acquire the bins, Lycoming College was one of 32 schools awarded the grant. Part of the stipulations of receiving the containers includes monitoring the impact that the bins have on student recycling efforts.
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14
In 2011, Lycoming College recycled a total of 10,942.6 pounds year during an eight-week period. This breaks down to:
Plastic: 1,450.85 lbs Glass: 3,707 lbs Cans: 1,256.75 lbs Cardboard: 2,900 lbs Paper: 1,628 lbs
Due to the increased awareness for recycling on campus through the efforts of LEAF and the sustainability committee, more students have been actively participating in recycling. By labeling the cans in the trash rooms to make sorting materials more straightforward and receiving a grant for almost 1,600 personal recycling bins, Lycoming College has clearly improved its dedication to sustainability. The amount of materials that were recycled this year resulted in a reduction of what was equivalent to 8 metric tons of carbon dioxide. This is analogous to keeping 4 cars off the road or eliminating the energy consumption of 2 households during the ten-week period.
In 2007, the first year Lycoming entered the competition, Lycoming was ranked number one out of the 10 Pennsylvania colleges and universities in the class of pounds of bottles and cans per person weekly. Lycoming beat out Dickinson College, Bucknell University, Millersville University, and Shippensburg University, among others that year. When including paper, corrugated cardboard, and food service organics (that Lycoming did not provide that year) Lycoming ranked 12th out of 15 Pennsylvania schools.
Campus Involvement:
Lycoming Environmental Awareness Foundation (LEAF)
For change to occur, it is crucial that the students, faculty and administration are all actively involved with sustainability efforts. Lycoming College is an institution that invites opportunities to better its community through campus organizations. The green initiative started on Lycoming College’s campus in 1992 with the founding of the Lycoming Environmental Awareness Foundation (LEAF). This organization is a group of students who strive to create an environmentally friendly campus. Their purpose is to raise awareness about sustainability issues, and then act on that awareness.
The majority of LEAF’s activities are focused on outdoor activities. Community service activities are a priority, with events focusing on stream, park, and highway cleanups, as well as donating to and participating in the American Cancer Society’s annual Relay for Life. Other group trips include camping, hiking, kayaking, and rafting. LEAF also works with the Sustainability Office to coordinate RecycleMania and Earth Week, both of which occur in the spring. Earth Week is essentially the celebration of Earth Day over the course of an entire week.
15
Guest speakers and nightly events such as potting plants are involved. They have many fun events and speakers.
LEAF also works with another organization on campus, the Senate Green Committee. Through this cooperation, both parties aim to create a greener campus. Together, they stress the importance of small changes in our everyday life that can collectively improve our carbon footprint. On a campus as small as Lycoming’s, these minute changes have a large impact on our energy use as a whole.
Sustainability Committee
The newly founded Sustainability Committee consists of students and faculty members dedicated to developing, implementing, and promoting environmental sustainability at Lycoming College. The committee works with the Sustainability Coordinators to develop and implement various initiatives that promote environmental sustainability to the college community.
Clean Water Institute (CWI)
The Clean Water Institute (CWI) provides services to local watershed and environmental groups by developing and coordinating various internships and independent study projects and making them available to Lycoming College students. The interns then assist in data collection and analysis of these watershed projects. The CWI team carries out analysis through their water testing laboratory, which provides groups with technical assistance in the design, collection and interpretation of water chemistry along with the macroinvertebrate, plankton and fish data. All of this data is archived and continuously updated and revised with ongoing projects and made available to the public. The CWI also provides educational and training programs, with many seminars and workshops on a multitude of environmental issues, such as stream restoration, habitat improvement for native wildlife species, and water quality. These programs are all offered to groups such as various watershed awareness clubs and local schools.
Additionally, the CWI is responsible for the solar panels that were acquired by Lycoming College in the fall of 2009. The solar power that these panels harness is sent to the power grid in the Heim science building as a source of green energy to be used throughout the facility. CWI interns also have the opportunity to study the Eastern Hellbender salamander species, showing human activities not only have an impact on our lives, but also the surrounding ecosystems and wildlife species that are coexisting around us, as well.
FLYCO
The Lycoming College Fly Fishing Club (FLYCO) meshes the art of fly fishing with environmentally-based community service projects. The members of FLYCO enjoy fishing the local streams of North East Pennsylvania and try to keep these streams as clean as possible for the fishermen, as well as the flora and fauna. Stream clean-ups and being involved with the local Trout Unlimited chapter are a few of the steps that FLYCO is taking to become environmentally friendly.
16
Athletics
Various ideas for future involvement in the campus’s efforts to become more sustainable have been proposed by the athletics department. While none of the projects are currently in use, this is an important addition to the campus’s efforts considering the athletic department is home to seventeen intercollegiate sports, intramural sports, and multiple facilities available to all students, faculty, alumni, and even the Williamsport community. These proposed projects could be an important addition considering the intercollegiate teams have an involvement frequency of one in every four students. Furthermore, between 475 and 600 students visit the recreation center and its facilities every day.
While the proposed projects take time to be fully implemented, they can be effectual in the campus’s efforts to “Go Green.” Some of these ideas include activities like the “EPA Game Day Challenge,” which would be similar to the RecycleMania program but would target athletes and their fans. This program has been done at many big campuses like the University of Rochester and the Ithaca College with hopes in having a greater outreach to the student body and surrounding community.
Other ideas include making sports facilities more user friendly when it comes to “Going Green.” This has been modeled by the University of Colorado at Boulder with their actions of creating a zero waste football stadium (at least 90% of waste avoids landfill), replacing all trash containers with recycling bins, and converting all public food and beverages to recyclable or compostable materials.
Yet another project includes the act of recycling used sports equipment. This project proposes that rather than throwing away gently used equipment, these materials would instead be sent to local clubs and schools to be used. This initiative would not only keep materials out of landfills but it would also save money for these organizations.
Although these projects could have a huge impact on the campus, there are other smaller issues that could be addressed that would improve our sustainability efforts. Things as simple as having the announcer repeat the locations of recycling bins during athletic events, posting signs by the garbage cans to remind others to recycle, and placing recycling bins at outdoor games would have a large cumulative impact on the sustainability efforts in terms of athletics.
No matter what directions the athletic department goes with their sustainability efforts, they will be a significant help to the college’s overall sustainability project. Also, by implementing these projects at one of the campus’s largest areas of student and community involvement, we may see an increase in all of the sustainability efforts campus-wide in the very near future.
Purchasing:
A future audit will explore the purchases for academics and Buildings & Grounds to see how much thought was given into buying recycled or sustainable equipment and supplies from eco-
17
friendly companies. The Sustainability Committee should be able to provide information as to which companies are the most sustainable and relay this information to the people interested in making purchases.
E-Waste:
E-waste can be described as consumer and business electronic equipment that is near or at the end of its useful life. E-waste makes up about 5% of all municipal solid waste worldwide but is much more hazardous than other waste because electronics contain cadmium, lead, mercury, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) that can damage human health and the environment.
An interview with Dave Heffner, the head of the Information Technology Services (ITS) department, helped to explain what Lycoming College does with the e-waste generated here. Heffner said that the college is on a five-year cycle of computers with many of the newer ones entering the general computer labs and power users about every two or three years. The older computers are removed and experience “tumble down,” or reuse, in professors’ offices or labs. The computers that are out of commission are used for parts and then finally the ones left over are put up for sale to the campus employees. The computers that are not purchased are sent to Computer Parts and Electronics in South Williamsport, where they strip the computer for parts, then sell them or recycle what cannot be sold. Upon removing all hazardous materials and scrap metal from the electronics, they ship them to Staiman’s Recycling Corporation in Williamsport, PA.
The five-year cycle at Lycoming is conservative considering that many institutions are on a competitive two or three-year cycle, which generates much more e-waste annually. Similarly, the servers or network equipment that are ready to be replaced are sold on eBay, so their final resting place is undetermined.
IT services is also pursuing other sustainable measures that many people probably are not aware of. This year they have starting a five to six-year project where they will begin phasing out bulky and less-efficient equipment for newer and less energy consuming devices. They are implementing SANs (Storage Area Network devices) that houses the faculty F-drive, student H-drive, and email accounts. SANs are large specialized storage equipment that can be logically divided into smaller storage spaces instead of having separate storage in many individual servers. The switch will reduce the cost of electricity to run, heat and cool the SANS because one large server is more energy efficient than many small servers.
Another innovative idea that IT services utilizes is investing in VMware, which refers to virtual machines. Similar to SANs, the addition of VMware means that we will have fewer computers in the IT department and use a larger computer to increase utilization, consolidation, and efficiency while simultaneously decreasing heat, cooling, and electricity costs.
Other sustainable measures that IT services encourage are having student lab monitors shut down all computers every night and having faculty members do the same. In another initiative to control waste, he calculated a printing curve in 2000 to project the adequate print balance allotted
18
for all students, 600 pages, with minimal charges added to those who cross that balance. It was noticed that without a penalty for over-printing the paper waste in every lab was astronomical, that problem has diminished at the present. IT also recycles their toner cartridges after every use and recycles their cardboard boxes for shipping purposes when selling old servers on eBay.
Recently, the campus has converted the phone system to voice over IP (VOIP) which is a much more efficient way to offer phone services than the older large PBX equipment. In the future, more equipment will be consolidated into fewer, more efficient units.
State Electronics Challenge
If Lycoming chooses to be devoted in purchasing greener electronics and manage these and preexisting electronics in an eco-friendly manner, the college could qualify to receive recognition from the State Electronics Challenge (SEC) program. The SEC is a voluntary program that encourages nationwide schools and public entities to be more environmentally savvy with the electronics they buy, use, and throw away.
SEC provides tools for any institution to improve the management of electronics in order to reduce energy costs and increase environmental benefits. Instead of monetary rewards from the program, establishments receive in-home monetary benefits resulting from these changes on top of annual recognition at state and regional venues. To become a partner, Lycoming would have to sign a pledge to “improve the environment through the management of electronic assets throughout the life cycle, including purchasing, operations and maintenance, and end-of-life management.” Institutions are rated on a scale of Bronze, Silver, or Gold based on their electronics oversight.
Hopefully future e-waste initiatives will be implemented, more so than they already are, that will give Lycoming the gusto to take the State Electronics Challenge at (http://www.stateelectronicschallenge.net/).
Campus Grounds:
The college’s Buildings and Grounds (B&G) staff are influential in trying to make Lycoming a more environmentally-friendly institution. A large generator of waste is the ground keeping that needs to be dealt with daily. Currently, the grass/tree clippings and leaves are being sent to the landfill after being collected, but a future project could be the evaluation of composting grass clippings and leaf litter in conjunction with a local farmer, or in a partnership with Penn College.
Each spring the lawns are treated once with fertilizer and herbicides supplied by TruGreen ChemLawn in Lamar, PA. The concentrations of the materials used for application are:
Liquid fertilizer 13-0-7 0.75LBAI/M; (3/4 nitrogen per 1,000 Sq.ft.)
Barricade 4FL 0.375 LBAI/A; (pre-emergent herbicide)
19
TruPower 3 0.3.25 Pint/A; (broadleaf weed control)
In addition, B&G has replaced all but three trucks with golf carts. There are now 12 carts that are being used for everyday campus chores. Two of the golf carts and one security vehicle are electric, using $400 batteries that last for five years, while 10 of the golf carts are gas-powered and use four-stroke engines. As the gas-powered carts wear down, the plan is to replace them with electric-powered carts. B&G also uses one tractor and three mowers that all run on diesel fuel. With the new bio-diesel project in the works, B&G hopes to eventually run the mowers and tractor on bio-diesel fuel. Also, they want to purchase diesel trucks in the future to possibly create a 50/50 mix of gasoline and biodiesel to become more eco-friendly.
LEED Certification for Future Exploration:
The push for sustainable practices and “going green” is spreading throughout American higher education institutions. Lycoming needs to improve upon its ways of effectively and efficiently using and maintaining energy in constructing and renovating buildings. Green designs are building plans that have environmental, economic, and social elements that benefit all building stakeholders, including owners, occupants, and the general public. With simple building techniques they can reduce operating costs, enhance building marketability, increase worker productivity, and reduce harmful greenhouse gas emissions.
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) is a performance oriented system where credits are earned for satisfying criterion designed to address specific environmental impacts inherent in design, construction, operations, and maintenance of buildings. Different levels of green building certification are awarded based on the total credits earned. The system is designed to be comprehensive in scope, yet simple in operation.
Points Scale
Certified: 26-32 points
Silver: 33-38 points
Gold: 39-51 points
Platinum: 52-69 points
LEED for new construction addresses the following areas: sustainable sites, water efficiency, energy and atmosphere, materials and resources, indoor environmental quality, and innovation in design. To become LEED certified for a new construction or renovation plan, the project must be registered at the U.S. Green Building Council’s website (www.usgbc.org).
Lycoming College has the ability to improve its environmental sustainability. With the current economic climate, as well as the 60% increase in the PPL Plug electricity rate, it is difficult to pay the bills let alone plan for expansion. With a list of key objectives and solutions, Lycoming
20
could deem some of their LEED certified and market this achievement to prospective students as well as receive a tax benefit.
Greenhouse Gas:
In the future, Lycoming College’s greenhouse gas emissions should be calculated using the Clean Air-Cool Planet: Campus Carbon Calculator. This calculator is the most thorough way to assess a campus’s emission output because it analyzes six greenhouse gases specified by the Kyoto Protocol (CO2, CH4, N2O, HFC, PFC, and SF6). The extensive spreadsheet allows projects emissions for the years 1990-2060 when completed in its entirety. When Lycoming College can gather all the information necessary for this endeavor, an accurate and almost literal carbon footprint will be achieved.
Environmental Sustainability Curriculum Offered at Lycoming College:
Lycoming College offers many classes, and two specific minors, and a business management track major to promote the conservation and awareness of the environment. A sampling of the variety of classes offered include:
Anthro 310: Food and Culture Astr 112: Fundamentals of Geology Bio 200: The 4th and 5th Kingdoms Bio 225: Plant Science Bio 220: Environmental Biology Bio 224: Ecology Bio 340: Plant Animal Interactions Bio 400: Environmental Practicum Bus 313: Sustainable Business Management Environmental Sustainability Minor
The study of environmental sustainability examines the balance between our society's ability to meet current needs while minimizing our environmental impact for future generations. At Lycoming, students have the unique opportunity not only to research the concepts of sustainability, but also to work with experienced faculty and professionals to develop and apply solutions.
To complement their classroom experience, students are encouraged to complete a practicum or internship in the field of environmental sustainability. This experience will often relate to the students' academic major, allowing that student to apply their knowledge of sustainability to their chosen field
Professor: Dr. Mel Zimmerman (Coordinator) Assistant Professors: Dr. Neil Boyd (Coordinator)
21
The minor requires five courses: Bio 220: Environmental Biology Bus 225: Sustainable Business Management Econ 225: Environmental Economics Phil 228: Philosophy and the Environment Anthro 310: Food and Culture
Environmental Science Minor
The environmental science minor was created for students who have a passion for the world surrounding them and wish to further their knowledge concerning the make-up, protection, and conservation of the natural environment.
An interdisciplinary minor in Environmental Science consists of two introductory biology courses (one of which must be Environmental Biology), Ecology, two additional courses numbered 200 or higher, one course in economics (recommended Environmental Economics), and Principles of Geology (ASTR 102).
Biology majors who minor in Environmental Science must complete all requirements of the biology major. In addition, they need to complete Environmental Biology, Environmental Practica, Environmental Economics, Principles of Geology (ASTR 112), and one course selected from either Economic Geography, Cultural Anthropology, or an advanced biology course (328 or higher).
In addition to these courses, various symposium presentations act as an outreach mechanism for the college and the community to hear about campus sustainability.
An exhaustive list of courses that have elements of both environmental and social sustainability can be found in Appendix 12.
Future Endeavors Include (But Are Not Limited To):
Continue troubleshooting and installing motion sensors in buildings so when rooms or hallways are vacant, the lights shut off on their own.
Making sure all computers in public computer labs are turned completely off during unoccupied hours.
Further expand permanent and clearly-labeled recycling stations in every building. Continue to replace current light fixtures with compact fluorescent (CFL) light bulbs. Use storage tanks in the plumbing systems so recycled water can be used to flush toilets. Low-flow shower heads, toilets, faucets, and installing energy efficient air dryers in
restrooms. LEED checklists are used in buildings with potential certification abilities.
22
Campus garden and annual farmer’s market on campus. Using food waste, leaves, and grass clippings in a composting project involving a local
farm. Curriculum integration and adding an E or sustainability/environmental “distribution” to
Lycoming College degree requirements.
Remember that we must all Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle for a more sustainable campus!
23
Acknowledgements
Dr. Mel Zimmerman, project supervisor
Dr. Neil Boyd, past project supervisor
Dr. Sue Gaylor & Heather Leonard (Administration and Planning)
Tyler Hutson, Dan Cassidy, Bethany Herring, Emily Hopko, Megan Runyon, Alyssa Tomaskovic, Chelsea Brewer, Ashlynn Beacker, Laura
Walter, & Zebidiah Buck
Nick Zolak (Parkhurst Dining Services)
Doug Kuntz, John Schaffer, & Joe Moyer (Buildings & Grounds)
Dave Heffner & Megan Eppleman (Information Technology Services)
Beth Bickel (Business Office)
Wendy Hastings (Williamsport Water Authority)
Debbie Smith (Biology Department Secretary)
24
Appendices _ Appendix 1 Raw Electrical Energy Data in kWh 2007-2011
Dorms Asbury Crever East Forrest Rich Skeath Wesley Williams2007 196,416 147,348 216,128 129,184 125,728 259,456 180,064 415,4512008 181,024 159,374 194,304 112,544 107,616 245,824 157,504 171,7062009 159,173 136,987 140,159 92,918 183,090 167,839 133,101 151,2462010 118,633 115,955 100,770 83,031 171,385 119,645 100,400 123,0842011 137,336 131,277 118,886 90,115 176,048 130,873 117,464 127,363
Residence Hall Electrical Usage in KWH
Academic Buildings Academic Center Heim Communications Bldg Clarke Chapel Fine Arts2007 3,101,312 2,139,200 152,832 165,312 31,5522008 3,102,208 1,669,370 200,192 164,352 29,0562009 3,146,880 1,888,500 202,741 166,208 294,0112010 2,704,123 1,584,805 174,092 137,732 273,4382011 2,785,712 1,685,574 190,085 234,565 306,583
Academic Building Electrical Usage in KWH
Other Buildings Admissions General Services Lamade Gym Long Hall Wertz Honors Hall Rec Center2007 10,304 180,000 1,131,264 196,192 1,124,891 N/A 1,007,2102008 9,472 108,000 1,148,511 190,176 1,251,570 51,322 1,159,0922009 57,043 89,908 1,154,432 175,307 1,133,849 53,183 1,166,5792010 36,582 50,603 1,040,003 157,433 1,008,193 72,189 1,091,5062011 36,979 54,790 868,905 161,680 1,145,116 51,074 991,469
Other Building Electical Usage in KWH
Apartments Commons 314-316 E 4th St. 601-603 Mulberry 605-607 Mulberry 609 Mulberry 635 Mulberry 40 Ross St.2009 287,909 10,735 20,265 11,455 5,491 13,448 21,5392010 240,104 12,563 18,082 9,507 3,797 13,249 21,7692011 272,907 6,546 12,159 5,773 6,646 17,631 21,041
Apartment Electical Usage in KWH
Apartments 60‐60 1/1Ross St 145 Wash. Blvd 73 Ross St 627 Mulberry St 71‐71 1/2 Ross St 117 Wash. Blvd11,443 4,365 7,329 17,322 17,252 3,27013,075 4,455 9,507 17,832 15,854 3,05911,178 7,177 7,777 17,735 16,579 4,105
Apartment Electical Usage in KWH
25
Appendix 2 Raw Water Usage in Gallons 2005-2011
Dorms Asbury Crever East Forrest Rich Skeath Wesley Williams2005 1671000 2175000 1179000 1567000 2071000 1539000 1204000 21380002006 1528000 2729000 1961000 1523000 2019000 1366000 1194000 18660002007 1353000 1958000 1299000 1341000 1940000 1467000 1175000 22860002008 1324000 2004000 1151000 1125000 2154000 1455000 1052000 17980002009 1148000 1920000 1047000 849000 1826000 1232000 943000 11940002010 1164000 1833000 950000 866000 1872000 1379000 899000 12100002011 1173000 1482000 1226000 2011000 1276000 846000 1224000
Residence Hall Water Usage in Gallons
Academic Academic Center Heim Communications Bldg2005 1788000 705000 450002006 1916000 644000 540002007 1855000 681000 460002008 1991000 357000 660002009 2092000 382000 550002010 2344000 336000 600002011 4938000 304000 38000
Academic Buliding Water Usage in Gallons
Other Buildings Admissions General Services Lamade Gym Long Hall Wertz Honors Hall Stadium2005 31000 45000 157000 313000 3087000 6000 3550002006 34000 54000 1207000 275000 3737000 24000 4930002007 30000 46000 770000 296000 4013000 19000 4690002008 31000 66000 833000 180000 3948000 11000 6020002009 36000 55000 901000 170000 3534000 11000 6450002010 43000 1029000 190000 3357000 13000 4020002011 28000 1114000 138000 2856000 10000 297000
Other Building Water Usage in Gallons
Apartments Commons 314-316 E. Fourth St. 601-603 Mulberry 605-607 Mulberry2005 93000 91000 111000 640002006 74000 77000 132000 800002007 129000 51000 194000 580002008 752000 64000 231000 560002009 712000 99000 95000 680002010 872000 170000 109000 570002011 691000 110000 66000 49000
Apartment Water Usage in Gallons
26
Appendix 3 Raw Natural Gas Use in CCFs 2009-2011
Apartments 609 Mulberry 635-635 1/2 Mulberry 40 Ross St. 60‐60 1/1Ross St 145 Wash. Blvd2005 8000 46000 102000 98000 170002006 6000 80000 112000 99000 180002007 12000 171000 79000 79000 190002008 93000 109000 88000 102000 180002009 80000 52000 68000 84000 190002010 13000 47000 62000 61000 200002011 78000 74000 70000 55000 26000
Apartment Water Usage in Gallons
Academic Buildings: Academic Cent. Heim2009 123594 688702010 160142 901292011 223437 133057
Academic Buildings Natural Gas Use in CCFs
Residence Halls Asbury Crever East Forrest Skeath Wesley Williams2009 17410 33143 22735 3254 30608 18293 186252010 24996 47741 34949 5138 43261 25920 272252011 36346 75710 51763 6864 66742 40553 42399
Residence Hall Natural Gas Use in CCFs
Apartments Commons 314-316 E. Fourth St. 601-603 Mulberry2009 7147 2687 28552010 10157 4134 40502011 15604 3941 3192
Apartment Natural Gas Use in CCFs
Apartments 40 Ross St. 60‐60 1/1Ross St 73 ross street 627 Mulberry St (?) 71‐71 1/2 ross st 117 washington blvd2009 1970 3509 287 1338 752 11642010 3483 4802 532 1732 1294 15802011 3928 6690 896 2452 1295 2352
Apartment Natural Gas Use in CCFs
Append
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
350,000
400,000
450,000
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
dix 4 Raw
Asbury
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Elec
Electrical
Crever Ea
Electrical Us
ctrical Usa
Energy Us
ast Forrest
sage KWH in
age in KWH
27
sage
t Rich
n Residence
H for Apart
Skeath W
Halls 2007‐
tments 20
esley William
‐2011
09‐2011
ms
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2009
2010
2011
7
8
9
0
1
9
0
1
200,0
400,0
600,0
800,0
1,000,0
1,200,0
1,400,0
0
500,000
1,000,000
1,500,000
2,000,000
2,500,000
3,000,000
3,500,000
0
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Academic C
Electrical U
Center H
Electrical Us
sage in KWH
Heim Com
sage in KWH i
28
H Other Buil
mmunicationsBldg
in Academic
ldings 2007‐
Clarke Chape
Buildings 200
‐2011
el Fine Ar
07‐2011
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
rts
20
20
20
20
20
7
8
9
0
1
007
008
009
010
011
Append
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
dix 5 Natu
0
0
0
0
0
0
A
Asbury
N
ral Gas Us
Academic Cent
Natural Ga
Crever
Natural Ga
sage in CC
t.
s Usage in C
East For
as Usage in
29
Fs
CCFs for Acad
rrest Skea
n CCFs for
Heim
demic Build
ath Wesley
Residence
dings
y Williams
e Halls
2009
2010
2011
200
201
201
9
0
1
09
10
11
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
Nat
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Lamade
N
tural Gas
Gym
Natural Ga
s Usage
Long Hall
as Usage in
30
in CCFs
Wertz
n CCFs for
for Apar
Re
Other Bui
rtments
ec Center
ldings
s
200
201
201
200
201
201
09
10
11
09
10
11
Append
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
2500000
3000000
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
90000
dix 6 Raw
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Asbury
W
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Water Usa
Crever E
Water Usage
Water Us
age in Tho
East Forres
e in Gallons
age in Gallo
31
ousands of
st Rich
for Residenc
ons in Apartm
Gallons
Skeath We
ce Halls 200
ments 2005‐
esley William
05‐2011
‐2011
ms
200
200
200
200
200
201
201
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
005
006
007
008
009
010
011
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
350000
400000
450000
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
350000
400000
450000
500000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Wat
0
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
Acad
W
ter Usage i
emic Center
Water Usage
in Gallons
e in Gallons i
32
in Other B
Heim
in Academic
Buildings 2
Commu
c Buildings 2
2005‐2011
nications Bldg
2005‐2011
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
005
006
007
008
009
010
011
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
33
Appendix 7 Total Campus Usages
2007 10,909,8442008 10,413,2172009 11,124,9772010 9,646,4552011 9,949,148
Campus Total Energy Use in KWH
2009 4656122010 6954602011 984192
Total Campus Natural Gas Use in CCF
2005 207060002006 233020002007 218360002008 216610002009 193170002010 193580002011 20180000
Campus Water Usage in Gallons
34
Appendix 8 Natural Gas Totals in CCFs
Appendix 9 Electrical Energy Totals in kWh
465612
695460
984192
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
2009 2010 2011
Campus Natural Gas Use in CCF by Year
Totals
10,909,844
10,413,217
11,124,977
9,646,455
9,949,148
8,500,000
9,000,000
9,500,000
10,000,000
10,500,000
11,000,000
11,500,000
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Campus Electical Use in KWh by Year
Totals
35
Appendix 10 Total Water Usage in Gallons
20706000
2330200021836000 21661000
19317000 19358000 20180000
0
5000000
10000000
15000000
20000000
25000000
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Campus Water Usage in Gallons by Year
Totals
36
Appendix 11 CWI Storm Drain Stenciling Project
37
Appendix 12 List of Classes Offered with Environmental and Social Sustainability Elements
AMST 200: Perspectives on America ANTH 114: Introduction to Anthropology ANTH 229: Cultural Anthropology ANTH 230: Anthropology of Latin America ANTH 232: Environmental Anthropology ANTH 234: Economic Anthropology ANTH 310: Food and Culture ANTH 344: Anthropological Theory ART 339: Gender and Identity in Art ASTR 102/112: Geology BIO 200: 4th and 5th Kingdoms BIO 220: Environmental Biology BUS 313: Sustainable Business Management BUS 332/CCOM 330: Advertising/Integrated Marketing Communication BUS 334: Business of Energy BUS 348: Contemporary Issues in Management CCOM 200: Introduction to Corporate Communication CCOM 324: Public Relations and the Media CHEM 330: Physical Chemistry I CJCR 242: Organizational Crime CJCR 334: Race, Class, Gender and Crime ECON 110: Principles of Macroeconomics ECON 224: Urban Problems ECON 225: Environmental Economics ECON 332: Government and the Economy ECON 335: Labor Economics ECON 337: Public Finance ENGL 106: Composition ENGL 229: African American Literature ENGL 334: Women and Literature FILM 300: Film and Social Change HIST 120: Latin American History HIST 230: African American History HIST 232: The Rise of Islam HIST 238: Civil Rights Revolution HIST 246: Africa and the World HIST 325: Women in History HIST 338: Rights, Reform, and Protest HIST 342: Women and Reform PHIL 115: Philosophy and Public Policy PHIL 228: Philosophy and the Environment PHIL 334: Contemporary Political Philosophy
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PSCI 241: Politics of Developing Countries PSCI 242: Human Rights PSCI 331: Civil Rights and Liberties PSCI 338: Environmental Law and Politics PSCI 342: Civil Conflict PSY 341: Psychology of Women REL 333: Old Testament Women RELI 331: Christian Social Ethics SOC 220: Sociology of Family SOC 222: Intro to Human Services SOC 240: Race, Class, Gender, and Sexuality SOC 305: Sociology of Law SPAN 426: Spanish Civil War and Franco’s Spain WGST 200: Gendered Perspectives WGST 300: Topics in Women's and Gender Studies