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ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES SUB-SECTOR

Annual Performance Appraisal 2009-2010

A Consolidated Report of ENR CSOs 23rd September 2010

For inquiries jsr@envalert.org

or CSO ENR Sector Working Group Representatives

Christine Nantongo, cnantongo@envalert.org Barbara Nakangu, barbara.nakangu@iucn.org

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List of Acronyms and Abbreviations

ACODE Advocates Coalition for Development and Environment AFIEGO Africa Institute for Energy Governance AUPWAE Association of Uganda Professional Women in Agriculture and

Environment CAN-U Climate Change Action Network – Uganda CBO Community Based Organisations CODECA Community Development Conservation Agency COP Conference of Parties CSOs Civil Society Organisations EA Environmental Alert ENR Environment and Natural resources FAO Food and Agriculture of the United Nations Organisations FBEs Forest Based Enterprises FFD Forest Sector Support Department FGLG Forest Governance Learning Group FIEFOC Farm Income Enhancement and Forest Conservation IRDI Integrated Rural Development Initiative JSR Joint Sector Review IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature UWS Uganda Wildlife Society LIPRO Livelihood Improvement Programme of Uganda MWE Ministry of Water and Environment MWETA Mabamba Wetland Association NAADS National Agriculture Advisory Services NAHI Nature Harness Initiatives NAPE National Association of Professional Environmentalists NDP National Development Plan NEMA National Environment Management Authority NFA National Forestry Authority UEEF Uganda Environmental Education Foundation PFOs Private Forest Owners REDD Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation REDD+ Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation plus REPA Rights Equity and protected Areas programme SEEP Schools Environmental Education Program SMFEs Small and Micro Forest Enterprises UCSD Uganda Coalition for Sustainable Development UFWG Uganda Forest Working Group UGADEN Uganda Agroforestry Development Network UNETCOFA Uganda Network for Collaborative Forest Associations UTGA Uganda Timber Grower’s Association UWA Uganda Wildlife Authority WILD Wildlife Land and Development

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WMD Wetlands Management Department

Acknowledgments

We wish to acknowledge ENR CSO that have proactively participated in the ENR Joint Sector review process for 2010. Your contributions were very useful the shaping and consolidation of this ENR CSOs Mini performance report, 2009/2010.

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Table of Contents Acknowledgments .............................................................................................................................. 3

1.0 Background .............................................................................................................................. 5

1.1 ENR CSOs participation in sector development .................................................................. 5

2.0 Forestry Sub-Sector ................................................................................................................. 8

2.1.1 Civil society contribution to Forestry sub-sector ........................................................ 8

2.2 Wetlands Sub-sector .............................................................................................................. 13

2.2.1 Civil society contribution to Wetlands Sub-sector .................................................... 13

2.3 Environment ........................................................................................................................... 15

2.3.1 Civil society contribution to environment sub-sector .............................................. 15

2.4 Weather and climate change ................................................................................................ 16

2.4.1 Civil society contribution to Weather and climate change subsector .................... 16

3.0 Sector financing and Governance ..................................................................................... 18 4.0 Sector Challenges and Recommendations by ENR CSOs ................................................. 20 5.0 References .................................................................................................................................... 25

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1.0 Background

Every year, the Water and Environment sector reviews her performance in as far as achieving their set out objectives and targets, clearly identifying the achievement, constraints, challenges, opportunities as a basis for repositioning for the subsequent years. This process is coordinated through the Ministry of Water and Environment and also involves key stakeholders in the sector including donors, political leaders and CSOs. Besides the theoretical analyses, the process involves field monitoring to asses actual implementation against the set indicators in selected regions. In October 2008, a joint sector review, combining the Water and Sanitation as well as the Environment Sub-sectors, was conducted for the first time. However, the stakeholders from ENR-Sub-Sector only attended as observers, to acquire experience in preparing and contributing to the Annual Sector Performance Review process. A Joint Sector Review (JSR) combining the Water and Sanitation (WS) as well as the Environment Sub-sectors was conducted where ENR and WS sub-sector jointly participated in the process in October 2009. Since the first report in 2009, the JSR process has been increasingly institutionalized and this year 2010, the JSR provides an opportunity to; examine the performance of the sector; report on the follow-up of recommendations and reflect upon further improvements that could be made (supported by in-depth studies as required); and determine future actions and commitments to a number of undertakings for the following year. In 2009 key undertakings for the sector were adapted ((see text box 1). These provide a platform for monitoring performance of the ENR sector for financial year 2009/2010 (see text box 1). Hence, the report exhibits the contributions ENR CSOs have made to achieving the 2009 undertakings.

1.1 ENR CSOs participation in sector development In 2009, EA convened participatory processes for ENR CSOs peer appraisal of Water and

Text Box 1: The ENR undertakings adopted at the 2009 Joint Sector Review include the following:

i. An ENR performance measurement framework prepared and approved, with a costed work plan for conducting the necessary baseline surveys (2009/10 and high priority baseline data in place (2010/11)

ii. Develop a strategy for effective

boundary demarcation of wetlands and forests (2009/10) and gazette wetlands in selected urban areas (2010/11)

iii. Popularize and raise awareness

about the national adaptation and plan for action (NAPA) with respect to climate change and variability with a view to mainstream weather and climate change issues in relevant sectors and local governments for effective participation of concerned institutions (2009/10)

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Environment sector which resulted in production of the consolidated ENR CSOs position on sector performance with practical recommendations presented during the JSR for integration in the rolling sector annual plans. ENR CSOs have slowly become acquainted with the sector plan execution and review process. This year 2010 the ENR CSO review process has been more inclusive, proactive and better coordinated in a bid to register even greater achievements. Key aspects of the 2010 CSO process include:

i. Mapping of ENR CSOs in the country, their roles and contributions in the ENR sector broadly and where they are operating;

ii. Awareness creation among other ENR CSOs about the annual ENR joint sector review processes;

iii. Exploring mechanisms for better coordination and strengthen stakeholder collaboration for sector development;

iv. Preliminary sector performance and identification of emerging issues which require shared response by all ENR CSOs for productive engagement in the annual ENR joint sector reviews and other policy, planning and implementation processes.

There is an on-going initiative by EA to map ENR CSOs across the country in terms of their identification, location, areas of coverage, implementation focus, linkage of their contribution to sector priorities, collaborations, infrastructure for outreach and mobilisation etc. This process is still ongoing in spite ENR CSO preliminary report is in circulation1. Over 100 CSOs have been identified with a geographical coverage of up to 79 districts. This has been a particularly slow process because of inadequate coordination mechanism and resource constraints for CSOs in this sub-sector. Realising an appropriate sufficient coordination mechanism require more effort and resources. Table 1 illustrates the number of ENR CSOs by sub sector and regional coverage in Uganda. Table 1. Preliminary findings from the on-going ENR CSOs mapping in Uganda coordinated by Environmental Alert

Sub-sector Number of

CSOs

Regional Coverage Financial Contribution

estimate

Forestry 60 Central, West Nile, Western, South

Western, Eastern and Greater North

Weather and

Climate change

5 South Western,

Wetlands 6 South Western, Central

Environment

(including

governance)

35 Central, West Nile, Western, South

Western and Eastern

1 Environmental Alert, Environment and Natural Resources CSO Mapping Report, May 2010

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The mapping established existence of joint CSO/GoU interventions at national and Local Government levels. For instance the IUCN, Nature Uganda, UWS are implementing wetland community conservation initiatives i.e. the COBWEB project in partnership with the Wetlands Department in MWE2; Tree Talk is implementing the Wildlife Land and Development (WILD) 1,000,000th tree planting project in partnership with USAID and Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS). Communities and schools have been empowered through education for sustainable environment education and development programs. CARE Uganda together with several local and national CSO partners, UWA and NFA are implementing the second phase of the Rights Equity and Protected Areas program (REPA) in the western part of Uganda. Environmental Alert as the Secretariat of Uganda Forest Working Group in collaboration with the Ministry of Water and Environment represented by the Forest Sector Support Department (FSSD) implements the FAO-National Forestry Program Facility. This project

is targeting to strengthen the decentralized forestry services in districts, and promote the demands of farmers and forest users for advisory service delivery in the districts of Mukono, Mubende, Adjumani, Dokolo, Luweero, Masindi, Hoima and Wakiso.In particular project activities focus on forestry on private land and making a case for increased financing with committed support to small and medium private forest enterprise initiatives. A lot more initiatives in particular at community level among CBOs remain invisible due to lack of recognition or capacity for documentation and access to mechanisms for appropriate information sharing. Environmental Alert in partnership with NFA supported processes through which a national multi-stakeholder REDD3 working group to oversee advancement of the REDD readiness proposal for Uganda. Since inception of this process more CSOs have come up to support the process through provision of monetary and non monetary value engagement. The key out puts from this process is the REDD readiness proposal, which when implemented will make Uganda ready for REDD, thus opening more financial opportunities and support from the Forest Carbon partnership Facility, among other financing mechanism to address climate change concerns especially the drivers of deforestation and forest degradation within and outside the forest sector. The Climate Change Action Network – Uganda (CAN-U) hosted by Oxfam GB brings together all CSOs engaged in climate change awareness and adaptation activities in the country. It has supported various member CSOs to participate in international negotiations including the COP 15 in Copenhagen under UNFCCC; which is a major forum for international discussions, negotiations and decision making on climate change issues. In addition, Oxfam GB created national awareness and dialogue on climate change issues well as supported development of products that are now a basis for further interaction and

2 The purpose of the project is to develop, pilot and adapt suitable protected areas management paradigms in two representative wetland systems adjacent to terrestrial protected area networks. 3

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engagement. At district level, most CSOs are engaged in capacity building regularly providing trainings for district technical and political leaders in aspects of sustainable environment and Natural resource management. ACODE which convenes the Forest Governance Learning Group has consistently undertook technical assessments, dialogue and negotiations in pursuit of readiness and improvement in governance of the forestry sector including examining effectiveness of policies and laws as well as the autonomy and facilitation of the mandated institutions.

CSOs contribution to ENR sector development

The ENR sector attracts over 100 noticeable CSOs of varied sizes and competencies working in different regions of Uganda as well as linking national to regional and international strategic initiatives. This review process draws from the work, perspectives and analysis of CSO representatives along the following themes:

i. Forestry; ii. Wetlands;

iii. Environment; iv. Weather and Climate; v. Governance.

However, the generation of the information has been limited by inadequate coordination and inevitable constraints experienced by a large number of CSOs in terms of collecting, documenting, analyzing and timely sharing of information. This report therefore is a consolidation of submissions from 40 CSOs and local government leaders4 who have been able to deliver and submit various performance reports and participated in awareness, consultative and peer review meetings. (See annex 1 for list of participants)

2.0 Forestry Sub-Sector

2.1.1 Civil society contribution to Forestry sub-sector Sustainable harnessing of forest reserves In order to ensure sustainable harnessing of forest reserves and reduction in deforestation, CSOs are for example building the capacity of over 5000 PFOs across the country to engage in sustainable FBEs. These initiatives are not only reducing pressure on natural forests but also provide alternative sources of income and making a case for investment in SMFEs and strategic option to move Uganda towards a low carbon economy. CODECA, UFWG, Uganda Agroforestry Development Network (UGADEN) and EA have supported successful FBEs including beekeeping, herbal medicine extraction, processing and marketing, and fruit tree growing.

4 CSOs are increasingly involved in mutually beneficial multi-stakeholder initiatives and have therefore undertaken

sector appraisal with involvement of selected local government technocracts in their areas of operation

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Monitoring and evaluation processes of empowered PFOs and families with FBEs show that beneficiaries are building capital assets and their enterprises are being managed better than before. This is evidenced by EA supported programs in Mubende and Kyenjonjo where trainings and workshops have enabled women take control of bee-keeping and apiary projects to support their families. In addition to this PFOs in enterprise developments have been enhanced through direct input support, market exposures and development of forestry training manuals. Several PFOs, tree farmers and other community members have been attracted to the recently proven viable eco-enterprises like commercial tree nursery management and eco-tourism. There are several testimonies of the emergence of small and medium forest based enterprises for instance PFOs in Kakabara sub-county negotiated with (NAADs) to supply 1900 seedlings at a cost of UGX 4,000 ($2) each In order to support the maintenance of the forest resources, some ENR CSOs supported forest dependent communities in Northern Uganda with appropriate technologies for sustainable biomass energy utilization. Improved Afforestation Various CSOs have supported community afforestation initiatives at in various areas in the country (See Table 1). This has responded to the high demand for tree seedlings by the community and public. The tree seedlings planted range from fruit trees, hard/soft wood and agroforestry species among others. In the long term the community and the country at large will benefit from the environmental products and services associated with the increased forest cover as a result of afforestation programs and projects. In some cases, these tree planting initiatives have supported beneficiaries to manage these ventures as business enterprises. Table 1: ENR CSOs contribution to improved afforestation

Contribution Quantifiable Deliverable CSOs

involv

ed

Coverage

Increased tree cover

through afforestation

on both private land

and CFR (Enrichment

planting)

1,480,000 trees planted UFWG

(UNETCOFA5,

Tree talk,

Nature Palace

Foundation)

Mukono, Adjumani,

Yumbe, Moyo,

Wakiso, Masindi,

Kibale, Kaswoha-

Kitomi and Sango-bay

945 hectares planted

Increased tree

seedlings raised

1,900,000 seedlings

Tree talk and

UNETCOFA

Rakai, Masindi,

Mukono, Sango-Bay,

Kasyoha-Kitomi, West

Nile

Sustainable forest 3 SMFEs enterprises supported (Bee CODECA, Budongo CFR,

5 UNETCOFA comprises 61 Community Based Organisations (CBOs) with interventions adjacent to 4 major Central Forest Reserves of Budongo, Mabira, Sango bay forests and Kasyoha-Kitomi in Uganda.

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management and

incentives for Private

Forest Owners

through Small and

Medium Forest

Enterprises

keeping, Hand crafts, Fruit tree)

1200 hectares of CFR managed

Forest Management plans developed

to offset the effects of the Bujagali

Dam for Namavundu, Kalagala and

Nile Bank and bye-laws formulated in

Benet and Kwosir subcounty -

Kapchorwa

CARE, EA,

IUCN

Kihamira CFR,

Kaswoha-Kitomi CFR,

Mabira CFR and

Sango-Bay CFRs.,

Kapchorwa

However, it’s also important to recognize and document private sector initiatives (UTGA6, New Forest Company, Green Resources) in afforestation in Uganda for subsequent decision making. We also note from direct interaction with public or individual information demands tables to CSOs that there are several Ugandans that have taken to tree planning with varied coverage of hectares including those in hundreds and using own capital but their voluntary initiatives remain off the record. Information generated to inform decision making in the forestry sub sector ENR CSOs commissioned various studies on critical issues in the forest sector to generate appropriate information for decision making and subsequent application by all stakeholders in the sector (Table 2). Table 2. Studies on critical issues in the Forestry sub sector undertaken by CSOs Issue understudied

CSO and other partners who commissioned the study

Key findings from study

Biomass energy utilization

Sustainable Development Centre

Over 94% of Ugandans still use charcoal and firewood with residences and commercial institutions consuming 568,000 and 273,000 tonnes annually7 respectively

Diagnostic Study on Small and Micro Forest Enterprises (SMFEs) in Uganda

EA The SMFEs can contribute to the national income, for instance, honey exports earned USD 4.231 million in 2005. Small tree nurseries between 10,000-50,000 seedlings per season produce a turn over between USD 2,600 – 13,000 while medium nurseries produce between 50,000-200,000 seedlings per season whose turn over lies between USD13,000 – 50,000 On average, commercial tree nurseries employ two foresters as site managers and supervisors. They employ a maximum of 50 casual workers most of whom are women.

Application of a working model for FBEs

CODECA CODECA has had successful initial application of the FAO market Analysis and Development model for forest based enterprises applied

6 UTGA comprises private individuals that have planted approximately 15,000 hectares. 7 SDC, Value chain analysis of Charcoal enterprise and its implications for forestry management in Uganda

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across several districts as well as by Environmental Alert and other trained CSOs that have been working with it since 2005. CODECA has evaluated the model and used the lessons ad remodeled tools to evolve a domesticated model which is soon to be launched and has potential to enhance effectiveness of forestry based enterprise initiatives.

Contribution of Forestry to district and Household revenuues

UFWG (AUPWAE)

On-going, Study will establish the Contribution of forestry to household and district revenue vis-a –vis other sectors in select districts of Dokolo , Hoima, Mubende, Mukono and Tororo

Project Evaluation study on livelihood improvement for PFOs in Mubende and Kyenjojo through promotion of FBEs

EA 60% of the PFOs benefited from project activities in terms of skills, increased capacity for sustainable forest management and improved livelihoods through ecologically sound and economically viable forest based enterprises. The gender ration of project participation was confirmed at 35% female to 65% male with an increased number of female bee keepers. Several CSOs have committed approaches and indicators to ensure gender responsiveness and increase of opportunities and benefits for women.

Market survey on beekeeping and fruit tree enterprises in Mubende and Kyenjojo districts

EA A marketing plan developed to address Farmers’ limited understanding of group marketing and mechanisms of Producing for the market Short, medium and long term term action plans were developed for implementation of a marketing plan for FBE producMarkets are existingIt was observed that the problem does not lie in lack of markets but how to access them. Inability to access markets is mistaken for lack of markets. This is linked to lack of information.

Promoting policy dialogue to influence planning and policy implementation at local and national levels Various CSOs facilitated dialogue on a number of issues in the forestry sub sector between technical and political leaders at both national and local levels (Table 3). This dialogues provided opportunity for leveling understanding of issues/concerns, information sharing and dissemination on challenges, opportunities and possible practical actions to overcome the gaps and challenges in the sector. These actions when implemented would advance sector performance and service delivery in relation to the set targets and annual undertakings. Respective proceedings from these dialogues/workshop are available for more details. Table 3. Selected Policy dialogues facilitated by ENR CSOs on key forest sub sector issues

Issue policy dialogue CSO and other partners

who commissioned the study

Coverage/location

Progressive negotiations for equity in benefit sharing for example within the 6 major forest

CARE-Uganda Albertine rift region

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and wildlife protected areas

Advancing collaborative forest management in Mt Kei and Zoka Central forest reserves in West Nile region

EA West Nile

Visioning REDD for East Africa UCSD National

Advancing development REDD readiness plan/strategy for Uganda

CODECA National

Reviewing the National Forest Plan UFWG National

Poor governance in the forestry sector ACODE/FGLG National

Information sharing on forestry issues e.g. forest based enterprises and update on implementation of FAO-NFP Facility program

UFWG National

Climate change adaptation dialogue with LG to commemorate the world Environment day in respect to climate change

EA Wakiso district

At the community similar interactions were conducted particularly targeting to skills and knowledge for micro level advocacy and lobbying among natural resource dependent communities for productive engagement of their policy and decision makers. Hence, knowledge and skills of over 1200 Natural resources dependent households (in Mubende, Kyenjojo, Wakiso, Adjumani, Yumbe, Moyo districts among others) pertaining to sustainable natural resources management were enhanced leading to the emergence of cadres of natural resources dependent communities who are able to engage their leaders to integrate environment and natural resource issues in development planning. Analysis of Sector performance There is continuing support to emerging forest-based enterprises such as tree seedling nurseries, tree planting, natural enterprise development and forest product processing in many parts of the country. Tree planting initiatives have led to reduced degradation of river-bank and water catchments in Kasanje sub-county, Wakiso district. Key Achievements The public awareness campaigns on the values and importance of forests and trees have increased commercial, public and private initiatives for tree planting as evidenced by environmental ordnances for instance in some local governments (Wakiso, Mubende, Kumi). Increasingly, various programs are responding to their obligation to support tree planting initiatives e.g. NAADS in Mukono district, Tree Talk, and Uganda Timber Growers Association (UTGA). In particular UTGA has demonstrated the potential for significant increase in tree cover if more people and institutions are mobilized for commercial tree planting. This will provide a reasonable response to the current and projected escalation of the demand for timber and non timber forest products (NTFPs). The Farm Income Enhancement and Forest Conservation (FIEFOC) project has made significant contributions towards increased tree planting as evidenced by increased tree cover where it is being piloted and requests to be nationalized. The emergence of tree-based enterprises, increased environment and watershed management in Ibanda and Kanungu in South Western Uganda are key indicators of sector performance. Some districts such as

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Wakiso and Mubende have established ‘Tree Funds’ targeting tree planting initiatives. In Mubende and Wakiso, 10,000 and 50,000 seedlings of different species respectively were given out last financial year. In addition, MWE and government have commissioned various forestry sub-sector wide studies to inform rational decision making and policy briefs for directing actions in both short and long-term perspectives.

2.2 Wetlands Sub-sector

2.2.1 Civil society contribution to Wetlands Sub-sector Performance Indicator: Increased public and stakeholder awareness of wetlands and their beneficial products and services Awareness creation about conservation and wise use of wetland resources has been critical in determining sector performance. The country has various wetlands demarcated as ‘Ramsar sites’, an international ratification for wetlands of international importance. Awareness initiatives have been undertaken for both local and key stakeholders around Mabamba and Sango Bay Ramsar Sites. Resource users associations such as Mabamba Wetland Association (MWETA) have been mobilised to manage the wetland ecosystem through alternatives such as ecotourism. This complements the capacity gaps of local governments and NEMA in policing and enforcing wetland management efforts. Nature Uganda in partnership with Wetlands Management Department (WMD) is supporting the Masaka Youth Development Organization, a community-based organization, to develop and provide eco-tourism services8. Similar awareness and behavioral change initiatives have been facilitated by civil society in the Malaba ecosystem in Tororo (CIDEV with support from IUCN Netherlands), Bigodi, Moyo and Adjumani. Several other CSOs are undertaking similar awareness campaigns across the country and in some cases, community wetland user groups have been supported to manage them better. In South Western Uganda, Livelihood Improvement Programme of Uganda (LIPRO) is empowering communities to undertake conservation enterprises including fish farming, ecotourism and piggery. In Bwijanga Sub-county, Masindi district, 500 Ha of Kisoga wetland have been restored with technical and financial support from CODECA and CARE International. In Kibaale, 1500 Ha of Nkusi wetland cutting across the sub counties of Kyebando, Kasambya, Matale and Bwanswa is being restored. Sector performance - Enhanced planning and management of wetlands systems at district and national levels

There has been progressive restoration of River Banks (e.g in Kasanje sub-county, Wakiso district using a community evolved model for eco-system rehabilitation of wetlands around

8 This initiative is intended to provide motivation to wetland edge communities to participate in the management and conservation of Nabajjuzi wetland.

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Mabamba Ramsar site, Malaba and Sango bay where communities have been trained in sustainable wetland management. Consequently, various CSOs like CIDEV, CODECA have supported communities to develop Wetland Management Plans for sustainable conservation and utilization of wetland resources have been developed. In the above ecosystem, over 1,000 community adults and youth have participated. Incidences of unsustainable activities in these wetlands including crop cultivation, brick-making, and waste dumping are reducing. Key Achievements Awareness initiatives have undertaken towards conservation, sustainable management and restoration of Nakayiba and Nabajuzi wetlands in Masaka and Mabamba wetlands since 2003. The restoration process is yielding benefits to the communities through establishment of ecotourism sites constantly receiving foreign tourists for bird watching and other aesthetic values. A number of CSO have facilitated development of community wetland management plans, implementation and process is going on in other districts. As a result, district like Kabarole, Buliisa, Tororo, Kasese, Kumi etc have increased wetland and environment budgetary allocations. In Kasese, communities have participated in restoration of 64 acres of a wetland which is the primary source of water for the community. Attempts to enforce wetland policy and legislation have been taken particularly demarcation of wetland boundaries and removal of some illegal structures in Natete and Mutundwe wetlands and some local governments/districts (e.g. Wakiso, Kumi and Mubende) have established environmental ordinances for factoring environmental concerns in development strategies and community livelihood options. In Mubende and Wakiso, the ordinances have led to increased budgetary allocation to directorate of natural resources and environment which have enabled the forest department at the respective districts to sensitize people and give them free seedlings. Table 4. ENR CSOs contribution to increased public and stakeholder awareness and their beneficial products and

services

Contribution Quantifiable/Qualitative

Deliverable

CSOs involved Coverage

Awareness

creation

Communities adopting

alternatives livelihoods for

wise use of wetland

including ecotourism

CODECA, CARE, EA,

IUCN, Nature Palace,

Green Watch, UWS,

Nature Uganda, CIDEV

Kibale, Malaba, Kasanje,

Bigodi, Masindi, Tororo,

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Enhanced

planning and

management of

wetlands

systems at

district and

national levels

12 Management plans

developed for different r

wetland ecosystems across

the country

12 Community wetland user

groups formulated

CODECA, CARE, EA,

IUCN, Nature Palace,

Green Watch, UWS,

Nature Uganda, CIDEV

Kibale, Malaba, Kasanje,

Masindi, Tororo, Kasese,

Kabarole and

Kamwenge

Wetland

restoration

2500 hectares restored CODECA, CARE, EA,

IUCN, Nature Palace,

Green Watch, UWS,

Nature Uganda CIDEV,

Kibale, Malaba, Kasanje,

Bigodi, Masindi, Tororo

2.3 Environment

2.3.1 Civil society contribution to environment sub-sector Performance Indicator: Improved environmental sustainability and reduced level of pollution and degradation of the environment Many CSOs have actively supported development of innovations in waste management and energy conservation at both household and community levels. Others like Nature Palace and Uganda Environmental Education Foundation have conducted Schools Environmental Education Programs (SEEP) in Wakiso and Mukono districts that resulted into better solid waste management, increased use of energy saving stoves and tree planting for greening and schools. Resultantly, school children are exposed to a more clean and healthy environment. AFIEGO, ACODE and NAPE have regularly undertaken environmental audits particularly on oil related activities in Bunyoro region to ensure environmentally friendly exploitation of the oil resource in Western Uganda cognizant of the anticipated pollution and environmental degradation which may accrue. There is evidence that oil companies engaged in exploration exercise are supporting tree planting initiatives as one of the preventive measures to environmental concerns. Sector performance Key Achievements Demonstration of the waste is wealth concepts through innovations like briquette making for energy utilization, making peel bran from banana peelings for poultry feeds. This provides opportunity for household income generation among communities to secure a healthy and clean environment.

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Some districts have reported positive levels of compliance and enforcement of environmental laws and standards as evidenced by increased support to the sub-sectors as well as celebrating national environmental days. Furthermore, National Environment Management Authority (NEMA) and Senior District Environmental Officers (SDEOs) continue to undertake environmental inspection and audits of development projects and have registered some successes in monitoring development projects and enforcement of environment standards.

2.4 Weather and climate change

2.4.1 Civil society contribution to Weather and climate change subsector Performance Indicator: Number of coordinated climate change actions in different sectors, including creation of awareness among different stakeholders Many CSOs are engaged in creating awareness about the impacts of climate change mostly affecting vulnerable poor communities in Uganda. This is through evidence based strategies for developing environmentally friendly adaptation responses. Some CSOs have documented climate change awareness materials ranging from illustrative posters, infomercials, video documentaries, issues papers among

A climate change disseminating bulletin named Visioning REDD + in East Africa focusing on benefit sharing in Uganda and Tanzania was developed and Community knowledge centers have been supported to improve climate change awareness among community members. Community testimonies on impacts of climate change have been documented and shared with key policy makers for integration in development planning and to influence decision making. Awareness creation has yielded climate integrated action plans development through dialogue with key stakeholders at the local level particularly in Adjumani, Moyo, Yumbe, and Wakiso districts. These are being piloted to support climate adaptation action to build community resilience in these areas.

Table 5. ENR CSOs contribution to weather and climate change awareness, mitigation and adaptation Contribution

Quantifiable/Qualitative

Deliverable

CSOs involved Coverage

Climate change

awareness and

coordination

2 climate change video

documentaries , 3 Newspaper

supplements, 4 illustrative

posters, 1 REDD bulletin,

climate change infomercials in

English and local dialets such

as Luganda, Lugbara, Madi

CARE, EA, IUCN,

Hoima, Katoomba

group, UCSD, EMLI-

Bwaise Facility,

DENIVA

Wakiso Masindi,

Rwenzori region, West

Nile, Kasese, Kabarole,

Climate change 3 REDD projects implemented

and strategies put forward for

Nature Harness

Initiatives, CARE,

Hoima, Katoomba

group, UCSD, Wakiso

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mitigation advancing the National REDD

strategy

EA, IUCN, Hoima,

Katoomba group,

UCSD, EMLI-Bwaise

Facility,

Masindi, Rwenzori

region, West Nile,

Kasese, Kabarole,

Kampala

Climate change

adaptation

20 community and Local

government climate change

adaptation action plans

developed, currently

undergoing implementation

Nature Harness

Initiatives, CARE,

EA, IUCN, Hoima,

Katoomba group,

UCSD, EMLI-Bwaise

Facility

Wakiso

Masindi,

Rwenzori

region, West

Nile, Kasese,

Kabarole,

Climate change awareness and tree planting activities targeting over 29,040 community members including 8000 children from 16 schools is being implemented in the sub-counties of Busede and Buyengo in Jinja, and Bulamagi and Nakigo sub-counties in Iganga district. However, several useful initiatives (studies, field testing, awareness and negotiations) remain de-linked from the sub-sector goals and at present, efforts are significantly uncoordinated in terms of their potential and impacts. This implies the need lobby key actors including government to adopt the long-awaited climate change policy.

Sector performance Natural resources dependent communities are more aware about climate change impacts and are evolving sustainable coping mechanisms and climate change adaptation actions through promotion of early maturing and drought resistant crops and alternative livelihood opportunities. The political and technical leadership in Adjumani, Moyo, Yumbe, Wakiso, Jinja and Iganga districts have embraced a climate change and adaptation initiatives. Tree talk has promoted climate change awareness and information sharing across the country and has been made accessible to various categories of people including school children through the tree talk magazines. Some CSOs subscribed to the Sector Working Group have supported the Climate Change Unit in drafting the communications strategy. Several stakeholder dialogues were conducted for CAN-U members through Support from Oxfam GB to develop strategies for influencing climate change negotiations at the COP-15 – 2009. Some workshops are geared towards supporting and building the capacity of local, national leaders9 and CSOs to champion the interests of poor people with respect to REDD initiatives. Hence overall, ENR CSOs especially those operating at the national level and a few at the local level are more aware about climate change issues and are fired to support community climate change adaptation. Key Weather and climate change Achievements

9 Following recent land slide incidences in some Eastern and South Western districts of Uganda

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i. Increased awareness about climate change issues among stakeholders especially at the national level and a few at the local level in the districts of Adjumani, Moyo, Yumbe, Wakiso, Jinja and Iganga;

ii. District technical and professional leadership in areas where initial interaction happened pledge to support climate change awareness and adaptation actions to build community resilience;

iii. Climate change concerns increasingly being factored in national and regional development programs;

iv. There are some projects for climate change adaptation and mitigation (e.g. Clean development Mechanisms projects in Eastern and South Western Uganda) which are being piloted in various locations. Experiences and lessons from these will provide opportunity for up scaling;

v. Private sector particularly forest companies (e.g. New forest company, Green resources Norway, Sustainable use of Biomass) with carbon sink objectives are increasingly getting interested in supporting community climate change adaptation initiatives.

3.0 Sector financing and Governance

CSOs have been following ENR governance sector and financing trends with interest. In particular winning political support and recognition of the value of this subsector has been at the heart of the agendas of several CSO actors. CSOs also make notable contributions to the sector both monetary and non monetary. An effort is being made to capture information for systematic reflection in the JSR but this is yet to be achieved. Members of civil society subscribe to the Civil Society Budget Advocacy Group while others outside this initiative have continued to contribute through resource monitoring, information sharing and debate. A preliminary examination of the 2010/11 budget highlights a few changes as well as some un-expected business as usual provisions. The following are critical issues/concerns underpinning budget resources allocations to the ENR sector and hence are worth reflecting on in the subsequent Financial Year 2010/11

(i) The Water and Environment sector is among the least funded at 1.9% for the financial year 2010/11 (Table 4);

(ii) Within the Water and Environment sub sector, the Directorate of Environment support services very marginalized in terms funds allocation at 0.33% (Table 5);

(iii) Excessive dependence on donor support (66%) of the total sub-sector budget does not demonstrate commitment by Government of Uganda in respect to ploughing back investments for sustainability of the natural resources but also overall sustainable development in the country;

(iv) The budgeting process of the ENR sector brings out the issue of timing for the undertakings. While the budget is read in June, the undertakings for the following financial year are adopted in October, meaning that there are no explicit funding targeted for implementation of the undertakings and in most cases they are not effectively implemented as planned.

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Table 4. Water and Environment Sector Budget FY 2010/11

NAME FUNDING %

GOU DONOR TOTAL %

FSSD 2,317.00 15,270.00 17,587.00 32.91

WMD 693.80 0 693.80 1.30

DESS 175.50 0 175.50 0.33

MET 7,213.80 1,660.00 8,873.80 16.60

NEMA 6,476.50 4,407.90 10,884.40 20.37

NFA 1,200.00 14,030.00 15, 230.00 28.50

TOTAL 18,076.60 35,367.90 53,444.50 100

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Table 5. Sectoral Budget Allocations for FY 2008/09 - FY 2010/11

SECTORAL BUDGET ALLOCATIONS FOR FY 2008/09-FY 2010/11Actual Budget allocation (U Shs.

Billions)

Percentage Share of Total Budget

SECTOR 20080/9 2009/10 2010/11 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11

SECURITY 477.2 477.9 504.3 8.1% 6.9% 6.6%

WORKS AND TRANSPORT 1,083.7 1,133.7 1,409.1 18.5% 16.4% 18.4%

AGRICULTURE 223.2 328.2 374.2 3.8% 4.7% 4.9%

EDUCATION 899.3 1,061.1 1,055.2 15.4% 15.3% 13.8%

HEALTH 628.5 723.6 784.4 10.7% 10.5% 10.3%

WATER AND ENVIRONMENT 150.3 163.6 148.0 2.6% 2.4% 1.9%

JUSTICE LAW AND ORDER 280.4 350.8 368.6 4.8% 5.1% 4.8%

ACCOUNTABILITY 417.6 401.0 430.1 7.1% 5.8% 5.6%

ENERGY AND MINERAL DEVELOPMENT 461.2 698.9 785.9 7.9% 10.1% 10.3%

TOURISM TRADE AND INDUSTRY 31.0 63.0 97.6 0.5% 0.9% 1.3%

LAND, HOUSING AND URBAN DEVT 12.3 20.3 53.0 0.2% 0.3% 0.7%

SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 24.1 31.1 45.3 0.4% 0.4% 0,6%

ICT 6.5% 9.5 9.5 0.1% 0.1% 0.1%

PUBLIC SECTOR MANAGEMENT 535.3 698.2 779.6 9.1% 10.1% 10.2%

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 136.3 215.2 281.9 2.3% 3.1% 3.7%

LEGISLATURE 112.6 122.0 121.3 1.9% 1.8% 1.6%

INTEREST PAYMENT DUE 379.1 363.7 345.2 6.5% 5.3% 4.5%

UNALLOCATED 0.0 54.0 54.0 0.0% 0.8% 0.7%

GRAND TOTAL 5,858.7 6,915.9 7,647.1 100.0% 100.0 100.0

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4.0 Sector Challenges and Recommendations by ENR CSOs

This section presents key sub sector challenges and proposed recommendations for addressing them based on prioritization done during the ENR CSOs peer review meeting (Table 6). Table 6: ENR prioritized sector challenges and recommendations by CSOs

Sector Challenges Recommendations

Forestry i. Inadequate institutional support (and capacity ) for example DFS and FSSD to protect forest resources from destruction and degradation

ii. Mismatch between forest products market demands (for example timber for construction) and existing supply options (e.g. tree and fruit seedlings). The market does not meet the supply option.

iii. Tenure insecurity among land and private forest owners

iv. Limited access to information, knowledge and skills for sustainable forestry management at the grassroots level

v. Inadequate targeted incentives for PFOs to

i. Sensitize communities to understand the economic and environmental importance of trees

ii. Roll out FIEFOC program to all districts giving priority to those with declining tree and forest cover

iii. There should be a conditional grant from line ministry to forestry

iv. Private forest owners on untitled land should be sensitised about their rights and facilitated to register for their land tittles

v. Provide technical and financial support to community and private nursery operators to raise high quality seedlings

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realise tangible benefits from sustainable forestry practices for their livelihood requirements

vi. Lack of alternative sources of energy vii. Weak linkages and coordination between

forestry & related sectors like water and production

viii. Inadequate policy and law enforcement at all levels e.g. refugee settlements in forest reserves in south western Uganda and increasing number of settlements and polling stations in Kasagala CFR in Nakasongola district

of different species vi. Provide technical and professional

support to enable farmers plant and sustainably manage their tree and forest resources and restore degraded forests

vii. Need for more focused sensitization platforms to create awareness on forest conservation values and develop more forest based enterprises for farmers to realize tangible benefits from conservation

viii. Make critical forestry information more available to grass-root stakeholders through reliable out-reach mechanisms

ix. All stakeholders such as CSOs and DFS should harmonise their IEC packages for dissemination.

Wetlands

i. In adequate information (baseline data) on the wetlands is not sufficient to guide.

ii. The value of wetlands demarcation and zoning processes is not known

iii. Lack of coordination among key government institutions that impact on the use of wetlands (lands department, NEMA and local government

i. Facilitate district authorities and local communities to develop Wetland Management Plans

ii. Enforcement of wetland laws and resource use practices to minimise degradation and regulate uncontrolled mining of wetland resources

iii. Clearly demarcate wetland/forest boundaries and develop wetland/forest management plans in conjunction with key stakeholders in the ENR sector

iv. Clarify modalities in terms of policy measures for equitable revenue and benefit sharing among key stakeholders as incentives for sustainable use and management of wetland systems and resources

v. The surveys department in partnership with wetland management department should come up with digitized maps that show wetlands and other natural resources of significant importance10

Environment i. Inadequate awareness/appreciation and commitment on environmental laws and standards by community and political leaders

ii. Barriers to administering sustainable environmental management that are caused by population growth, poverty,

i. Lobby government to prioritise funding and mobilize more funds from development agencies for the ENR sector

ii. Develop communication strategy to create appreciation and commitment to enforcement of

10 There is a Uganda Atlas that shows wetlands in Uganda Wetland Management Departments, this needs to be known by the public.

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climate and cultural issues not clear iii. Political interference11 especially during

the enforcement of environmental laws and standards. For example, there are many cases where investors seek supreme political protection in their pursuance for prime plots in wetlands

iv. Conflicting laws that have led to continuous and massive depletion of natural resources e.g. laws that give full use rights while other limit their use

v. Enforcement of environmental laws is still ineffective and this is coupled with a weak interface between enforcement agencies, key environmental agencies, institutions and the public resulting into lack of confidence by the enforcement agencies to act against environmental offenders

vi. The sectoral nature of the laws does not foster mainstreaming of the environment and harmonization of roles and duties of the key sectors/actors due to inadequate coordination during law enforcement

environmental laws and standards iii. Develop and strengthen

programmes to eliminate barriers to administering sustainable environmental management e.g. population growth control, climate change adaptation actions and good physical planning

iv. Review and harmonise conflicting environmental laws e.g land

v. Strengthen and sustain effective and efficient institutional coordination and networking with all key stakeholders to mainstream environment in all sectors

Weather and Climate Change

i. Lack of human capacity at national and districts lack levels to address climate change issues

ii. Inadequate climate change information sent back at sub-national level

iii. Limited district level logistical input and support towards community climate change adaptation actions

iv. No climate change responsive strategy v. Limited Capacity of Climate Change

Unit to deliver vi. Inadequate funding mechanisms

vii. Delayed implementation of community adaptation projects

viii. No reporting back and soliciting for feedback for view from nationals.

ix. Lack of research on climate change adaptation and mitigation

x. Lack of framework to bring on board corporate stakeholders

i. Supporting districts to collect weather and climate information (e.g. provision of equipment), analysis utilization and information sharing among relevant users.

ii. Enhance the capacity of the Climate Change Unit as well as provide for a multi-disciplinary team to capture the multi-sectoral stakes

iii. Commission a robust communication strategy for joint implementation of Increase awareness on possible climate change effects and develop climate change impact monitoring, mitigation and adaptation strategies

iv. Integrate climate change aspects at all levels of planning and development and enforce accountability to mainstreaming

v. Operationalise district disaster functional committees and fast track national and district disaster implementation strategy

vi. Promote longer term climate change

11 Although their involvement may sometimes be positive

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awareness and adaptation projects vii. Provide support for community based

climate change adaptation actions, which requires more allocation of funds by districts to support climate change adaptation at community level

viii. Engage private sectors through the Public Private Partnership and communities to support climate change projects

ix. Need for more district level logistical input and support towards community climate change adaptation actions

x. Integrate indigenous knowledge and local innovation in climate change adaptations

Sector financing and Governance

(i) Limited budget allocation to Water and Environment compared to other sectors with consideration that it’s a productive sector (ii) Marginalization of the Directorate of Environment support services sub sector in terms resources allocation compared to other subsectors

(i) Government and development partners should prioritize ENR and increase resources allocation to the sector (ii) Review a criteria for allocations of resources to subsectors

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Table 7. ENR COOs participants who contributed in the development of this CSO Mini performance report for JSR review 2010

ENR CSOs participants – Name and contacts

Local Government and district participants

(i) Kandole Annet Balewa (ii) Edith Kabesiime

Care International Uganda

Dr. Kimuli Vicent District Production Coordinator Mubende

Barbara Nakangu, IUCN Uganda Ann Nakafeero, District Environment Officer, Wakiso

Hassan B. Mulopa, ACODE Kimbowa Richard Uganda Coalition for Sustainable Development (UCSD)

Kinene Vicent Ag District Natural Resources Office, Mubenda

David K. Nkwanga, Nature Palace Foundation

Edema Maurice, District Natural Resources Officer, Moyo

Irene Ssekyana Green Watch

Lemeriga George Origason District Planner- Moyo

Nyakoojo Sam Natural Enviromental Development Limited

Gongo John Ag District Natural Resources Officer- Tororo

Madira Davidson Community Development and Conservation Agency

Kaganga John PROLINNOVA

Mulyampanda Herbert , Uganda Wildlife Society

Miiro Samuel , Wakiso District Planning Unit

Bakiika Robert, EMLI Musenero Eva, District Production officer, Tororo

Concepta Mukasa, AUPWAE Nyangoma Joseline, Senior Environment Officer, Hoima

Richard Mwesigwa, Nature Harness Initiative

Peter Lusembo, PROLINNOVA

Kenyangi Kabasimbi, SWAGEN Mulabya William, Tororo District Planner

Senyonjo Nicholas, Uganda Environmental Education Foundation

Dr. Patrick Oine Wakiso District

Musimenta J.J, Agency for Integrated Rural Development (AFIRD)

Dr. Kyambadde Christopher

Rose Mwambazi, CIDI Konde Paul, Mukono District Planning Unit

Kureeba David, NAPE Linet Awor, PELUM Kerstin Danet, Skat. Switzerland (consultant to MWE/Danida)

Frederick Musisi Kabuye, Africa 200 Network, Uganda

Wandera Doreen, UWASNET Madira Davidson, Community Development and Conservation Agency

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Mulyampanda Herbert, Uganda Wildlife Society

Bakiika Robert, EMLI Concepta Mukasa, AUPWAE Richard Mwesigwa, Nature Harness Initiative

Environmental Alert

i. Christine Nantongo ii. Joshua Zake

iii. Ceaser Kimbugwe iv. Nelly Busingye Mugisha

Bukenya Mohammed, Department of Forestry, Makerere University

5.0 References

All references will be uploaded to www.envalert.org in due course

CADMA Consult, Uganda Forest Working Group 2010. Curriculum for Training Small Scale Private Forest Owners on-Farm (Draft) Environmental Alert and Natural Enterprises Development (2009). Diagnostic Study on Small and Medium Forest Based Enterprises 2009 (Unpublished). Environmental Alert 2008. Inventory of critical issues in the forestry sector, Environmental Alert, Kampala, Uganda. Available on http://www.envalert.org/publications/index.php Environmental Alert 2010. Environment and Natural Resources CSO Mapping Report NDP, National Development Plan, Available on http://npa.ug/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=12&Itemid=26 Sustainable Development Centre May 2010. Value chain analysis of charcoal enterprise and its implications for forestry management in Uganda Uganda Wildlife Society (2009). Sharing Oil and Gas Revenue in Uganda, Uganda Wildlife Society, Kampala, Uganda. _____________

ENR CSO monitoring reports from Environmental Alert, Uganda Forest Working Group, Advocates Coalition for Development and Environment, Africa Institute for Energy Governance, Association of Uganda Professional Women in Agriculture and Environment, CARE Uganda, Community Development Conservation Agency, , Greenwatch, International Union for Conservation of Nature, National Association of Professional Environmentalists, Nature Harness Initiatives, Nature Palace Foundation, Nature Uganda,

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Uganda Agro forestry Development Network, Uganda Coalition for Sustainable Development