environment control based on speaking plant...

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Speaking Plant Approach

For ・・・

2011/ 7/24

Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime UniversityResearch Center of Intelligent Greenhouse Systems

Prof. dr. Hiroshige Nishina

Environment control based on Speaking Plant Approach

ーFor highly sophisticated intelligent greenhouseー

Background: Current situation of agriculture in Japan

Decrease in agricultural workforce Rapid aging in the agricultural sector Less number of young people in agricultural sector

Food production in Plant factory

Agricultural aspect

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

H17 H20 H23 H26 H29 H32

61%: 65 years old

農業就業人口（万人）

Now

10 years later

Decrease in self-sufficiency

Increase in dependence on imported food

Safety and reassurance of

foods can not be proved

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Definition of Plant factory in Japan

High-performance agricultural production system by controlling the environmental factors such as light, temperature, humidity, CO2.

Plant factory

Closed environment and Greenhouse as plant factory

Artificial lighting completely closed Intelligent greenhouse

Lettuce production

Intelligent greenhouse in Japan

Plant factory

SPA concept based Greenhouse

Large scaled food production system utilizing solar energy

This greenhouse produces 40,000 tomatoes a day

8.5 ha tomato production greenhouse in Japan

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Tomato plants in the intelligent greenhouse

Plant factory

Tomato production

Intelligent greenhouse: Tomato cultivation schedule in Japan

Plant factory

July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug.

July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug.

Seeding

Raising seedlings

Transplanting

Year-round cultivation in intelligent greenhouse

Conventional (Old) greenhouse

Harvest period

Harvest period

Harvest period

Seeding

Raising seedlings

Transplanting

Seeding

Raising seedlings

Transplanting

Seeding

Raising seedlings

TransplantingSeeding

Raising seedlings

Transplanting

Reduced raising seedlings period, extended harvest period.

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Intelligent greenhouse: Year-round tomato production

Plant factory

Harvest

Fruit-setting

Blooming

Apex(Growing point, meristem)

Fixed iron wire

Movable hook

“4-constant” food production

High-performance production system should achieve 4 CONSTANTs, constant interval, constant amount, constant price, constant quality.

Plant factory

Closed environment and Greenhouse as plant factory

Food production in greenhouse

Various environmental factors changes depending on the outside weather and climate conditions

Monitoring (measurement) of plant biological statusEarly detection of plant diseases and dysfunctionsAppropriate diagnosisEarly and appropriate treatment

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Plant diagnosis techniques

The optimal crop cultivation conditions should be achieved by monitoring the physiological status of the plants.

SpeakingPlantApproach

Plant health monitoring technique

Measurement, Diagnosis, Treatment

Chlorophyll a

Energy distribution in chlorophyll

Chlorophyll fluorescence measurement to evaluate the photosynthetic functions

Chlorophyll fluorescence measurement

Plant diagnosis techniques

Precise measurement of Chl fluorescence allows us to evaluate the status of photosynthetic functions without touching.

Photosynthesis

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Imaging

Automated and robotized Chl fluorescence imaging system -Photos-

Current plant diagnosis techniques

Ele

ctric

opera

tion

Blue LED panel

Electrically operated cart with an autonomous movement system

CCD camera

Two sets of imaging system for double-sided imaging

Invisible but significant heterogeneity in the health conditions of tomato plants

Imaging

Effect of night temperature

“Map of Photosynthetic Function Index”


Map of PFI in a greenhouseN

HeatingNon-heating

High

Low

PFI

1.00

1.10

1.20

1.30

OFF NO

a

b

±S.D.

Heating

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Healthy Slightly damaged Severely damaged

Imaging

Early detection of tomato russet mite damage


Early detection of damages caused by tomato russet mite is possible.

Healthy Slightly damaged

Water stress detection with thermal imaging technique

Plant diagnosis

With thermography

Before After water stress treatment

Stressed Healthy

Thermal

camera

Inhibition of transpiration caused by water stress increases the leaf temperature

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Detection of water stressed plant under greenhouse condition

Plant diagnosis

In the intelligent greenhouse located at agricultural faculty

Water stressed plant is detectable

Imaging

[100%] [45%]

30°

0°

°

60°

Center

Digital still camera

Horizontal

90

Tomato plant

Quantification of water stress by monitoring the wilting of tomato plant

Continuous monitoring of the projected area of tomato plants is useful to evaluate the extent of water stress


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Imaging


2.6 m

Moderate water stress increases sugar content in tomato fruits

Irrigation control system for high sugar content tomato production

3-D measuring


Developing leaves

3-D measuring system

By measuring the leaf area of a matured leaflet

with the 3-D measuring system, total leaf area

can be estimated through a leaf structure model

Mature leaves

Total leaf area estimationwith 3-D measuring system

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Malformed fruitAbnormal

Detection of abnormal flowerswith neural-network

Normal

Diagnosis with with neural-network


Diagnosis with with neural-network


Detection of abnormal flowerswith neural-network (software)

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Autonomously-controlled Plant DiagnosisRobot

Detection of

abnormal flowers

CCDcamera

Diagnosis of

transpiration with

leaf temperature

measurement

Infrared radiation

thermometer

Diagnosis of

photosynthetic functions

with chlorophyll

fluorescence imaging

CCD camera with long-pass (red) filter

CCD cameras for leaf area

measurement and

abnormal flower detection

Chlorophyll fluorescence imaging system

Blue LEDsCCD camera for

chlorophyll

fluorescence imaging

For Intelligent greenhouse

Scheme of SPA

Growth

Hydroponics

Light, temperature, humidity, CO2

・・EC, irrigation schedule・・

• Genetic capacity• Historical log• Daily operations

Production management system

Knowledge base

Plant diagnosis

Chlorophyll fluorescence

Thermal imaging

Leaf area index Control

SPA based intelligent greenhouse system

Stem diameter

Leaf temperature

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Scheme of SPA

Knowledge base for intelligent greenhouse system

Environmental information(Temperature, humidity, solar radiation, wind speed)

Plant physiological information(Fluorescence, leaf temperature, color, wilting)

Yield information

Quality information (Brix, acidity, shape)

Knowledge base


RIGS in Ehime Univ.

Outline of RIGS

Research and seminar building

Intelligent greenhouse-B（1300m2）

Intelligent greenhouse-A（500m2）

Research center of Intelligent Greenhouse Systems

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RIGS in Ehime Univ.

Intelligent greenhouse-B (1300m2)

6 ｍ high

Tomato productionYear-round production test

Outline of RIGS


RIGS in Ehime Univ.

SPA applicableEnvironment

control system

Water recycle system

Intelligent greenhouse-B (1300m2)Outline of RIGS

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RIGS in Ehime Univ.

Partial heating andcooling system

High performance heat pump system

Intelligent greenhouse-B (1300m2)Outline of RIGS

Indonesian Universities and Ehime Univ.

Collaboration researches

Nozzle

Radiation thermometer

Tip

Infrared radiation thermometer

Leaf te

mpera

ture

0.5

m

Controller

Pump

Water tank

Heat of evaporation

ON/OFF

Tomato production in summer：

Growing tip cooling system

Spraying water drops onto growing tips

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Pipelines for cooled water

Rockwool cubePolystyrene foam

Thickness

2cm

Rockwool slab

(Root zone cultivation material)




Root zone cooling system

Tomato plant

Keeping the root zone temperature at 25 °C increases the total yield of tomato fruits

Tota

l yie

ld (

kg m

-2)

Week

Control (No-cooling)

The number of physiological disordered fruit was smallest in the 25 °C treatment

Effect of root zone cooling on the total yield of tomato




Root zone cooling system

environment control based on speaking plant...

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