environmental evaluation of the production of platform … · introduction why look into feedstock...

Florian KellerInstitute of Energy Process Engineering and Chemical Engineering (IEC)

TU Bergakademie Freiberg

Berlin, Germany

5 June 2018

Environmental Evaluation of the Production of Platform

Chemicals from different Feedstock

Introduction

Why look into feedstock alternatives?

• Limitation of fossil resources

• Decrease the ecological effects of chemicals

production

• Public pressure for integration of more

renewable and secondary resources instead of

fossils

• Decrease import dependency from countries

with uncertain political conditions

• Availability of renewable energy sources

BUT: Do alternative Feedstocks really lead to greener production?

2

Ecological Impact Categories

Eutrophication

Potential

Relevant Substances:

Nitrate, Phosphate

NH3, NOX

Consequences:

Algae formation,

Oxygen deficiency,

decreasing biodiversity

Global Warming

Potential


CO2, CH4

NOX, CFCs

Consequences:

Global warming,

Climate change,

Natural desasters

Acidification

Potential


NOX, SO2, NH3, H2S

HCN, HCL, HF

Consequences:

Acid rain,

Soil acidification

Photochem. Ozone

Creation Potential


VOC, NOX, SO2

CO

Consequences:

Smog formation,

Effect on human health

Fossil Resource

Depletion

Relevant Resources:

Crude oil, Hard coal, Lignite,

Natural gas, Peat, Uranium

Consequences:

Diminishing of limited

resources

3

Carbon Potentials for chemical industry

Group Feedstock total amountenergy/fuel application

UnitCarbon potential

[Mio t]

Fossil Resources

Crude Oildomestic 2,4 Mio t 2,0imported 83,2 Mio t 70,7

Natural gasdomestic 6,6 Mrd m3 3,9Imported 73,0 Mio t 52,5

Bituminous coaldomestic 3,8 Mio t 2,5imported 43,8 Mio t 28,9

Lignite 171,6 156,8 Mio t 51,5Petcoke 1,9 Mio t 1,8

Refinery off-gas 3,9 Mio t 2,8LPG 2,7 Mio t 2,2

Biomass

Short rotation crops 0,1 0,1 Mio t 0,1Biogas 19,5 19,5 Mrd m3 7,4Wheat 45,3 2,0 Mio t 0,9Rape 4,6 3,1 Mio t 1,4

BiowasteStraw 8,0 Mio t 3,5

Forestry waste 0,7 0,7 Mio t 0,3Wood waste 6,5 6,5 Mio t 2,9

Waste

Municipal solid waste 14,1 12,2 Mio t 3,5Waste based fuel 7,8 5,8 Mio t 3,1

Sewage Sludge 2,9 1,8 Mio t 1,2Plastic waste 1,3 0,7 Mio t 0,9

CO2

Power generation 311,0 Mio t 84,0Industry 61,0 Mio t 16,5

(Estimation from various public sources – preliminary results)

4

Production pathways

LCA Case Study: Ethylene & Propylene Production (10 Mio t per year in Germany)

SteamCracking

Conditioning,Gasification

SyngasPurification

Methanol Synthesis

Methanol MTO

SyngasPurification

NaphthaCrude Oil

Lignite

Wood wasteConditioning,Gasification

Production & Collection

Methanol Synthesis

Methanol MTO

Crude oilExtraction &

Transport

Lignite extraction

Refining

SyngasPurification

Waste(MSW, RDF)

Conditioning,Gasification

Collection & Separation

Methanol Synthesis

Methanol MTO

Conditioning, Reforming

Biogas Production

Methanol Synthesis

Methanol MTOBiogas(substrate mix)

Flue gas Scrubbing

CO2-MeOH-Synthesis

CO2 Methanol MTO

Electrolysis Hydrogen

Ethylene

+

PropyleneProduction &

Collection

5

Methodology

Olefin

Production

Process

Feedstock

PowerProduct

Emissions

Technology Evaluation

Utilities

6


Feedstock

Mixed Waste Lignite Wood Biogas CO2-Syngas Naphtha

17,5 MJ/kgwf 23,7 MJ/kgwf 19,8 MJ/kgwf

62 Vol-% CH4

31 Vol-% CO2

74 Vol-% H2

25 Vol-% CO2

44,4 MJ/kgwf

Conversion TechnologyGasification

MTOGasification

MTOGasification

MTOSteam Reforming

MTOCO2-MTO Steam Cracking

Feed demand [kgwaf / kg olefins] 7,4 4,5 6,4 4,9 5,1 1,7

Cold gas efficiency - 65% 76% 72% - - -

Carbon product recovery - 21% 28% 25% 39% 71% 58%

spec. CO2 production [kg (CO2) / kg olefins] 10,7 7,3 8,8 4,7 -3,4 1,3

Process power demand [MJel / kg olefins] 6,3 4,5 6,6 0,5 129,3 -0,9

7

Methodology

Olefin

Production

Process

Feedstock SupplyFeedstock

PowerProduct

Emissions


Emissions

ResourcesFossil Fuels Depletion

Acidification

Global Warming

Utility Supply

Power Generation

Utilities

Photochemical Ozone Creation

Eutrophication

…

Life Cycle

Impact

Assessment

Emissions

Life Cycle

Impact

Assessment

Resources

8

Life Cycle Impact Assessment – Global Warming Potential

1,9

8,2

-2,1-1,5

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

Crude Oil Lignite Wood Biogas

Glo

bal

War

min

g Po

ten

tial

(kg

CO

2eq

/ kg

Ole

fin

)

Feedstock Supply

Crude Oil Refining

Power Generation

Olefin Production

9

Life Cycle Impact Assessment – Global Warming Potential

1,9

17,8

9,4

-1,2

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

Crude Oil 2016 2050 Renewables

Glo

bal

War

min

g Po

ten

tial

(kg

CO

2eq

/ k

g O

lefi

n)

12,0

4,4

0,9

0,9

Mitigation 2050

Incineration

Feedstock Supply

Crude Oil Refining

Power Generation

Olefin Production

CO2 Waste

Process 2016 2050

Mitig

atio

n

Mitig

atio

n

2016 Power Mix: 30% Renewables

2050 Power Mix: 65% Renewables

10

Life Cycle Impact Assessment

0,9

Mitigation 2050

Incineration

Feedstock Supply

Crude Oil Refining

Power Generation

Olefin Production

71,7

64,7

10,5

18,4

51,5

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Crude Oil Lignite Biogas CO2 renewables Waste Mitigation2050

AD

P [

MJ

/ kg

Ole

fin

]

Fossil Resource Depletion

0,43

0,16

0,27

0,84

0,25

-0,6

-0,4

-0,2

0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1


PO

CP

[g

Eth

ene

eq/

kg O

lefi

n]

Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential

2,91,9

14,6 14,5

4,9

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20


AP

[g

SO2

,eq

/ kg

Ole

fin

]

Acidification Potential

0,3 0,2

8,9

2,4

0,7

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10


EP [

g P

ho

sph

ate

/ kg

Ole

fin

]

Eutrophication Potential

NOX, SO2 (Combustion)

VOC (Crude Oil Supply)

NOX, SO2 (Combustion)

NH3, H2S (Agriculture)

Nitrate, Phosphate (Water)

NH3, NOX (Air)

11

Ecological Impact on Germany

Germany total1,2

German chemical industry total1,3

Olefins Production from Crude Oil

Olefins Production fromBiogas

Germany total Chem. industry Germany total Chem. industry

Global Warming [kt CO2,eq] 832 40 1,8% 38% -1,4% -30%

Photochemical OzoneCreation

[t Etheneeq] 289 7 1,2% 38% 0,7% 23%

Acidification [kt SO2,eq] 2230 109 1,0% 21% 5,2% 107%

Eutrophication [t Phosphateeq] 694 16 0,3% 15% 10,3% 460%

Fossil ResourceDepletion

[PJ] 9980 1070 5,7% 54% 0,8% 8%

1 German Environment Agency - National Trend Tables for the German Atmospheric Emission Reporting 1990-20152 AGEB 2015 – Energiebilanz der Bundesrepublik Deutschland3 VCi 2018 – Rohstoffbasis der chemischen Industrie

12

Summary

What can we take from this?

• Significant carbon potential of alternative feedstocks for the

chemical industry available

• Regarding efficiency, crude oil based chemical production is a

strong benchmark

• Regarding environmental impacts, alternative feedstocks can

improve chemical production significantly (even leading to negative

effective emissions)

• But, diverse environmental effects have to be taken into account

in the evaluation (especially concerning applications with high

energy demand or agricultural feedstocks)

13

Acknowledgement: This research is supported by the German Federal Ministry ofEducation (BMBF) through the research project grant no. 01LN1713A to theresearch group Global Change: STEEP-CarbonTrans. Any opinions, findings,conclusions and recommendations in the document are those of the authors anddo not necessarily reflect the view of the BMBF.

Florian KellerInstitute for Energy Process Engineering

& Chemical Engineering (IEC)

TU Bergakademie Freiberg

Email: [email protected]

Tel: +49 3731 39 3952

Thank You & Glück Auf!

14

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environmental evaluation of the production of platform … · introduction why look into feedstock...

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