environmental impact assessement report - phase …jmvp.nic.in/sites/default/files/draft eia report...

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EIA Report-Phase 1A of Multimodal River Water Terminal at Ramnagar, Varanasi, U.P., India

EQMS – IRGSSA – AIAID JV 1

Prepared by:

EQMS -AIAID – IRGSSA JV

DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT - PHASE 1A OF MULTIMODAL RIVER WATER TERMINAL AT RAMNAGAR, VARANASI, U.P. INDIA

33333333333

INLAND WATERWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA

Ministry of Shipping, Government of India

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Table of Contents

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................ 6 1.1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 6

1.2. Project Background ........................................................................................................................ 6

1.3. Project Description ......................................................................................................................... 6

1.4. Connectivity, Surroundings & Sensitivity of the Project Site .................................................... 8

1.5. Project Activities and Area Statement ......................................................................................... 8

1.6. Resources and Utilities Demand for Off-Site Developments ................................................... 9

1.7. Baseline and Social Environment .............................................................................................. 11

1.8. Environment and Social Impacts of the Proposed Project ..................................................... 14

1.9. Environmental Management Plan .............................................................................................. 14

2. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................41 2.1. Prelude ........................................................................................................................................... 41

2.2. Project Background ...................................................................................................................... 42

2.3. Project Brief ................................................................................................................................... 43

2.4. Need for the Proposed Project ................................................................................................... 45

2.5. Need of Study................................................................................................................................ 46

2.6. Scope and Methodology of the Study ....................................................................................... 47

2.7. Limitation of the Study ................................................................................................................. 47

2.8. Structure of the Report ................................................................................................................ 48

2.9. References .................................................................................................................................... 49

3. LEGISLATIVE, REGULATION AND POLICY CONSIDERATION .........................................51 3.1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 51

3.1.1. Overview of Indian Environmental Legislation and Administrative Framework ............... 51

3.1.2. Applicable Environmental Legislation .................................................................................... 52

3.2. International Best Practices & Guidelines................................................................................. 60

3.2.1. Operational Policies of World Bank ........................................................................................ 60

3.2.2. Relevant International Environmental Convention ............................................................... 62

3.2.2.1. International Maritime Organization Conventions ............................................................. 62

3.2.2.2. United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Montego Bay, (1982): .................. 63

3.2.2.3. International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG-code) ........................................ 64

3.3. Environmental Standards & Guidelines .................................................................................... 64

3.3.1. Guideline, Standard and recommendations as published by Environmental Committee

of PIANC ................................................................................................................................................ 65

4. PROJECT DESCRIPTION ....................................................................................................66 4.1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 66

4.2. Location, Access and Layout of the Project ............................................................................. 66

4.3. Proposed Development ............................................................................................................... 67

4.4 Capacity and features of the project ...................................................................................... 75

4.5 Material handling and other Facilities.................................................................................... 78

4.7 Waste management ................................................................................................................. 78

4.8 Other features ........................................................................................................................... 78

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5. : DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT (EVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL BASELINE) .......79 5.1. Prelude ........................................................................................................................................... 79

5.2. Site Description and Its Environs ............................................................................................... 80

5.3. Geology, Topgraphy & Drainage, Hydrology, Hydrogeology ................................................. 81

5.4. Meteorology ................................................................................................................................... 88

5.5. Ambient Air Quality ....................................................................................................................... 90

5.5.1. Analysis of Ambient Air Quality ........................................................................................... 93

5.6. Ambient Noise Quality ................................................................................................................. 94

5.6.1. Analysis of Ambient Noise Quality ..................................................................................... 95

5.7. Trafic Assessment & Site Connectvity ...................................................................................... 95

5.8. Surface and Ground Water Quality ............................................................................................ 95

5.9. Soil Quality ..................................................................................................................................... 98

5.10. Land Use ................................................................................................................................... 100

5.11. Biological Environment ............................................................................................................ 102

5.11.1. Flora .................................................................................................................................... 102

5.11.2. Fauna .................................................................................................................................. 109

5.11.3. Kashi Turtle Sanctuary ..................................................................................................... 112

5.11.4. Aquatic Ecosystem ........................................................................................................... 116

5.12. Social Impact Assessment ...................................................................................................... 124

5.12.1. Tourism and Heritage ....................................................................................................... 132

6. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ............................................................................................ 137 6.1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 137

6.2. Impact Identification ................................................................................................................... 137

6.3. Impact on Climate ....................................................................................................................... 139

6.4. Impact Due to Natural Disaster ................................................................................................ 140

6.5. Impact on Air Environment ........................................................................................................ 140

6.6. Impact on Noise Environment .................................................................................................. 143

6.7. Impacts on Water Resources ................................................................................................... 144

6.8. Impact on Land Environment .................................................................................................... 148

6.9. Impacts on Biological Environment .......................................................................................... 152

6.10. Impacts on Socio-Economy .................................................................................................... 155

7. PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS AND DISCLOSURE................................................................ 161 7.1. Methods of Public Consultation ................................................................................................ 161

7.2. Institutional Consultation ........................................................................................................... 164

7.3. Affected Person‟s (Land Acquisition) Consultation ............................................................... 166

7.4. Direct/Indirect Affected Person‟s Consultation ....................................................................... 167

7.5. Conclusion: .................................................................................................................................. 167

8. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN AND MONITORING INDICATORS .................. 170 8.1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 170

8.2. The Environmental Management Plan .................................................................................... 170

8.3. Institutional Arrangement .......................................................................................................... 194

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8.3.1. Environmental Management Cell ..................................................................................... 194

8.4. Environmental Standards .......................................................................................................... 196

8.5. Environment Monitoring Plan .................................................................................................... 196

8.6. Reporting Requirement .............................................................................................................. 200

8.7. Grievance Redress Mechanism ............................................................................................... 200

List of Tables

Table 1.1: Details of building to be constructed .......................................................................... 8 Table 1.2: Details of Roads ........................................................................................................ 9 Table 1.3 Design Vessel Sizes ..................................................................................................10 Table 1.4: Type of luminaires ....................................................................................................10 Table 1.5: Water level of River Ganga ......................................................................................12 Table 2.1: Geographical Coordinates of Project Site .................................................................43 Table 2.2: Reference Used for EIA Study..................................................................................49 Table 3.1: Summary of Environmental and Other Legislation with Applicability Screeening ......52 Table 3.2: Regulations Applicable on Vessels/Barges Plying in Inland Waterways (However,

these will be applicable for operation stage only) ...............................................................60 Table 3.3: World Banks Operational Policies - Environmental & Social Safeguard ....................61 Table 4.1: Type of commodity, volume estimated preliminary growth projections, preliminary

Turnover Volume per day and required storage capacity ...................................................75 Table 5.1: Environmental Setting ..............................................................................................80 Table 5.3: Meteorological Conditions of Varanasi (30 years average) .......................................88 Table 5.5: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations .................................................................91 Table 5.6: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results (24-hour average) .......................................91 Table 5.7 Ambient Air Quality of Varanasi (March 2015) ...........................................................92 Table 5.8 : Ambient Noise Quality in Study Area .......................................................................94 Table 5.9 Name of Water Sampling Locations ..........................................................................95 Table 5.10: Surface Water Quality ............................................................................................96 Table 5.11: Ground Water Quality .............................................................................................96 Table 5.11 : continue… Ground Water Quality ..........................................................................96 Table 5.12: Soil Sampling Locations .........................................................................................98 Table 5.13: Physicochemical Characteristics of Soil .................................................................99 Table 5.14 : Land use of the Study Area ................................................................................. 101 Table 5.15 : List of Common Plant Species Present in Study Area ......................................... 104 Table 5.15: List of Wildlife Found in Study Area ...................................................................... 109 Table 5.16 : List of the Birds Surveyed / Recorded in the Study Area ..................................... 110 Table 5.17 Year wise details of Turtle Released in the Sanctuary ........................................... 114 Table -5.18: Details of Aquatic Sampling Locations ................................................................ 117 Table 5.19: List of Phytoplankton‟s Observed in Sampling Locations ...................................... 118 Table-5.20 List of Zooplanktons Observed in Ganga River: At Ramnagar site ...................... 119 Table-3.21: Zoo-benthic fauna at Ramnagar. ......................................................................... 120 Table-5.22 List of Fishes observed in Study Area during Study Period ................................... 121 Table 5.23: Uttar Pradesh State Population ............................................................................ 125 Table 5.24: Uttar Pradesh State Literacy Level ...................................................................... 125 Table 5.25: Uttar Pradesh State Population SC and ST ......................................................... 126 Table 5.26: Uttar Pradesh State Worker Population ................................................................ 126 Table 5.27: Population of the District ....................................................................................... 129 Table 5.28: Literacy in the District .......................................................................................... 129

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Table 5.29: SC and ST population of the District ..................................................................... 129 Table 5.30: Work population of the District .............................................................................. 130 Table 5.31: Tehsil Wise Population of district .......................................................................... 130 Table 5.32: Tehsil wise literacy population of District .............................................................. 130 Table 5.33: Tehsil wise SC and ST population of District ........................................................ 130 Table 5.34: Tehsil wise work population of District .................................................................. 131 Table 5.35 : Town where the Terminal is to be located along NW-1 - Population .................... 131 Table 5.36: Town where the Terminal is to be located along NW-1- SC and ST population .... 131 Table 5.37: Town where the Terminal is to be located along NW-1 - Literacy and work

population ........................................................................................................................ 132 Table 5.36: Important festivals and the venue in Varanasi city ................................................ 135 Table 6.1: Impact Matrix for Proposed Off-site Infrastructure ................................................. 137 Table 6.2: Emissions produced in movement of 1 ton of Cargo for 1000 miles by tow boat, truck

and train ........................................................................................................................... 143 Table 7.1: Detail of the contacts during the Stakeholder Consultations ................................... 163 Table 7.2: Environment Issues discussed with stockholders ................................................... 164 Table 8.1: Environment Management Plan ............................................................................. 171 Table 8.2: Environment Monitoring Plan.................................................................................. 198

List of Figures

Figure 1.1: Location map of Terminal Site at Ramnagar ............................................................ 7 Figure 2.1 : Google Map Showing the Alignment of NW-1 ........................................................42 Figure 2.2: Google Map Showing Site Location.........................................................................44 Figure 2.3: Location Map of Varanasi Terminal .........................................................................45 Figure 4.1: Layout of Ramnagar Terminal, Stage 1 ...................................................................71 Figure 4.2: general arrangement of Jetty (Middle level), Ramnagar ..........................................72 Figure 4.3: Typical section of jetty, Ramnagar...........................................................................73 Figure 4.4: Details of stone pitching works ................................................................................74 Figure 5.1: Map Showing Environmental Monitoring Locations ................................................79 Figure 5.2 : Map Showing Plant Site & Seismic Zones .of India ................................................82 Figure 5.3 : Contour Map of Study Area ....................................................................................83 Figure 5.4 DEM of Study Area ..................................................................................................84 Figure 5.5 Drainage Map of Study Area ....................................................................................85 Figure 5.6: Windrose Diagram of IMD Varanasi (Summer Season) ...........................................90 Figure 5.7 : Photographs of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring .....................................................94 Figure 5.9 Land use/ Land Cover Map of Study Area .............................................................. 101 Figure 5.12 : Location of Turtle Sanctuary and Other Environment Features .......................... 113 Figure 5.13: Turtle Breeding Center Sarnath ........................................................................... 116 Figure 8.1: Institutional Framework ......................................................................................... 195 Figure 8.2: Grievance Redressal Cell ...................................................................................... 201

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1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1.1. Introduction

IWAI, mandated to develop the inland water transportation system in country has proposed a

project “Capacity Augmentation of the Nation Waterway 1 (1620 kms, with minimum water

depth of 2.5-3 m) between Haldia and Allahabad”. National Waterway 1(NW 1) has the

potential to develop into a most economic, reliable, safe and environmentally friendly form of

transport.

Under this project, IWAI has proposed to develop a multimodal inland water terminal at

Ramnagar, on river Ganga in Varanasi district in Uttar Pradesh. This terminal will provide the

berthing facility for ships and loading and unloading facility for the goods. The construction and

operation of this facility will have associated social and environmental impacts, requiring

effective mitigation measures for its elimination and minimization. Thus, a detailed

environmental& social impact assessment study has been carried out for assessing the impacts

associated with development and operation of the proposed terminal. EIA report covers in detail

the environmental and social aspects of the proposed terminal during both

construction/development and operation stage. IWAI has appointed EQMS-IRG-ABNAKI

Consortium to carry out the detailed environmental impact assessment study for proposed

multimodal inland water terminal at Ramnagar, Varanasi.

1.2. Project Background

IWAI has planned to develop a multimodal terminal at Ramnagar, Varanasi, U.P. As per

planning, this terminal will be connected to rest of the city vide roads and railways both. An

access road will be developed to connect the terminal with national highway 7. Internal road of

12 m width will be developed within the terminal to facilitate smooth movement. Terminal will

also be connected to the DFC corridor from Mugalsarai to Bhaupur (under planning of DFCCIL).

The terminal will be developed in phases. At present phase 1A is being progressed. In the

phase 1A the terminal shall handle about 4,000 to 5,000 Tonne per day which is expected to

grow to 3.5 MTPA by 2018. Material to be handled will be coal, cement, stone chips, and

fertilizer and food grains.

1.3. Project Description

The proposed project site falls in Ramnagar Municipal Board of Varanasi district. The proposed

terminal is along Ramanagar Bridge, which is approximately 700 m from National Highway -7.

Ganga River flows in the West direction and a stream called Gurha Nallah flows into the river

and surrounds the site in East and South direction. Project is surrounded by open land. Location

map of the project site is given below in Figure 1.1.

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Figure 1.1: Location map of Terminal Site at Ramnagar

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1.4. Connectivity, Surroundings & Sensitivity of the

Project Site

At present, proposed project site is accessible through existing kachha road, which connects to

NH-7 through village road (pakka). For transportation of men and material during construction

phase, a temporary access road of 600 m is proposed to be used. In future, an approach road

will connect the site to NH-7 for which land measuring 0.592 ha will be acquired. Nearest

railway station in Jeonathpur which is at 4.0 kms distance from terminal site in SE direction.

Connectivity will be made from proposed terminal to existing IR track and proposed DFC track

in future. Nearest airport is Lal Bahadur Shastri Airport located at a distance of app. 30 km in

NW direction.

Site is not a part of any forest land or any eco-sensitive/notified area. Project site is surrounded

by open land. No forest land, national park, migratory route of birds is present within 10 km

radius of terminal site. Kashi Turtle Sanctuary is located in downstream direction from terminal

site and is located at 2.3 km towards in North direction from terminal site. Ramnagar fort is

located at distance of 2.0 km from terminal site in north direction.

1.5. Project Activities and Area Statement

Proposed development

Proposed Terminal site for phase 1A covers an area of app. 5.685 ha. It was a private land,

which has been acquired by IWAI by paying compensation to land owners as per the law of

land. Facilities proposed at the site are 2 nos of berths for the cargo (100 m wide each), loading

& unloading bay, passenger jetty, Electrical sub-station (ESS), power back up and sanitation

facility.

Stone pitching works

Stone pitching works shall be carried out at the site to protect the riverbank from current &

waves. The stone pitching works shall protect a length of 200m behind the jetty. Stability of the

slopes shall be carried out in accordance with the Indian standards & guidelines.

Buildings

The following buildings described in Table 1.1 shall be constructed as part of Phase 1A:

Table 1.1: Details of building to be constructed

S. No.

Building Type Total Built up Area (Sqm)

1. Substation Building Single Storied Building 400 sqm

2. Toilet Block Single Storied Building 30 sqm

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Pontoons

A steel pontoon deck of the size 20 m X 10 m shall be constructed at the location

Gangway

A gangway having walkway of 1.2 m width shall be provided to access the pontoon deck from

the shore.

Roads

Details of roads planned to be constructed are given below in Table 1.2. Any culverts required

at the crossing of the drains and drainage system shall be provided.

Table 1.2: Details of Roads

Road Type

Overall Width

Carriageway Width

Width of Paved

Shoulders on either side of

Carriageway

Width of Treated

Shoulders on either side of Carriageway

Approximate length

Type R1

22 m 7.5 m 1 m 1 m 650 m

Type R2

12m 5 m 0.75 m 0.75 m 365 m

1.6. Resources and Utilities Demand for Off-Site

Developments

Water supply

Water supply distribution system will be designed, installed and commissioned within the project

area including the supply of potable water to the buildings.

Power Requirement

Power requirement has been estimated to be 130 KV during construction phase. An Electrical

Sub-Station (ESS) and power back up system has been proposed for the terminal.

Construction Materials Sourcing

Construction material will be sourced from nearest authorized & licensed quarry and dealers

Drainage

During construction phase, temporary drainage and pumping facilities will be provided to keep

the adjoining areas of work site free from water logging and flooding. A drainage system for

carrying the storm water run-off from the port area will be designed and provided. The design

rainfall intensity shall be taken as 50 mm/hr for the purpose of design of drainage system at site.

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Design Vessel Sizes

The design vessel sizes range and characteristics to be considered for design of jetty is given in Table 1.3:

Table 1.3 Design Vessel Sizes

Jetty Type DWT LOA (m) Beam (m) Loaded Draft (m)

Multi Modal Jetty

Maximum Ship Size 2000 80 11 3.5

Minimum Ship Size 200 18 5 1.0

The design bed level at the Jetty shall be taken as +3.5 m.

Earthing and Lightning Protection System

The complete earthing system shall conform to the provisions of Indian Electricity Rules, and applicable code of practice for earthing IS: 3043. All non-conducting structures shall be provided with Lightning protection consisting of Air termination network at the top and down conductors as per IS:2309. All structures made of conducting material shall be protected by adequate earthing arrangements and air terminations at the top as per IS:2309. Conductors shall be Galvanized Iron (GI) of suitable size as per IS:2309. Buried lightning grid conductors of 75mm x 8mm size shall be provided for interconnection of the lightning earth pits around individual building. The same shall also be connected with the main plant earth grid at places through isolating link installed in Earth pits.

Lighting System

The nominal voltage of the distribution system shall be 3 phase 4 wire (415/240 ± 10% volts). All the equipment and materials shall be suitable for the system voltage. All materials and works shall comply with IS code of practices, Indian Electricity Rules and regulations. The lighting system of particular area whether indoor or outdoor shall be designed in such a way that uniform illumination is achieved. The type of lighting adopted shall provide adequate level of glare-free illumination, without creating undesirable shadows. Design of lighting layout shall be based on the minimum lighting intensities at the working plane and the type of luminaire specified in Table 1.4.

Table 1.4: Type of luminaires

Location Intensity of Illumination

Type of Luminaire

Substation/DG room/ Transformer Room / Pump House

200 Industrial type fluorescent fixture with SS reflector and 2x36 watt fluorescent lamp

High Mast 20 HPSV flood lighting fixtures on Raise /

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lowering high mast.

As required -- Fully vermin and weather proof integral street light fixture with die cast aluminium housing and 1 x 70 / 150 W HPSV lamp with integral control gear

Luminaires

All luminaires shall be of industrial/decorative type as specified. The number of different type of luminaires and their wattages shall be minimum consistent with the lighting requirements. While using discharge lamps, stroboscopic effect shall be minimized by various methods. All fluorescent fittings shall be of rapid start type and shall be so arranged that the power factor will be 90% or higher. All luminaries alongwith its terminal boxes shall have IP56 degree of enclosure protection for internal areas and IP65 degree of enclosure protection for external areas and battery room.

Emergency Lighting

For safety and protection of personnel and for shutdown of the equipment, battery operated lighting units shall be installed as a part of fixed wiring system. Battery operated lighting unit shall consist of compact fluorescent lamps. Sealed batteries, fully automatic solid state charger, transfer switch to automatically transfer from main supply to the battery and vice versa, fuses etc. shall also form part of the supply. The charger shall be capable of recharging fully in 12 hours. The incandescent fixtures shall be mounted on the box containing batteries and battery charger. The unit shall operate on 1 Ph 240 V 50 Hz.

Green Belt Development

Green buffer should be developed all along the terminal site and also compensatory plantation should be carried out at least as per state forest policy. Tree planted should be of native type.

Waste Management

Provision of septic tank is proposed onsite. Municipal Solid waste will be disposed off in

designated dumping site of concerned Municipal body. Excavated earth, C&D waste will be

reutilized to the extent possible or disposed of in designated dumping site of concerned

municipal body/PWD.

1.7. Baseline and Social Environment

Baseline environmental data generation was carried out during the period from 1st April 2015 to

30th June 2015. Data has been generated by following the approved procedures of the Ministry

of Environment & Forests and climate change and the Central Pollution Control Board. Study

area of 10 km radial distance around the Terminal site has been considered for the EIA study.

Meteorology: Meteorological data for summer season has been collected from India

Meteorological Department - Varanasi. The predominant wind direction is from Northwest. The

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average wind speed ranges from 1.8 to 5.0 kmph. Daily mean temperature varied from 22.1oC

to 40.4oC. The relative humidity varied from 25% to 51%. The annual rainfall is1000 mm.

Ambient Air Quality: - PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2 and CO levels were monitored at six locations in

the study area. Predominant downwind direction, population zone and location where maximum

GLC is anticipated have been selected for measurement. The 24-hour average PM2.5 level in the

study area vary from 20 to 58 µg/m3, PM10 level from 53 to 145 µg/m3, SO2 level from 13.4 to

35.6 μg/m3 and NO2 level from 17.4 to 46.8 μg/m3. Concentration of CO varied from 250 to 690

μg/m3. Overall, the ambient air quality of the study area is meeting the prescribed National

Ambient Air Quality Standard at all locations except Ramnagar location, where the RSPM

values are high in terms of NAAQS. This is mainly due to the heavy traffic load on SH-7 and

other commercial activities in Ramnagar

Ambient Noise Quality: - Noise quality has been monitored at eight locations within the study

area. The observed noise level (Leq) in all residential monitoring locations ranges from 43.5 dB

(A) to 48.8 dB (A) during day time and 40.2 dB (A) to 43.0 dB (A) during the night time. The

observed noise level (Leq) in Ramnagar locations (Commercial) is 64.5 dB (A) during day time

and 54.8 dB (A) during the night time. The noise levels in the study area were found to be within

the national standards for residential area (45 dBA during night time and 55 dBA during day

time,) and commercial area (55 dBA during night time and 65 dBA during day time,)

Water Quality: - Eight samples of ground water and three samples of surface water have been

collected from the study area. Surface water quality of the Ganga River in upstream and

downstream point of project site was found to meet the Best Designated Use – „C‟ Criteria of

CPCB (fit for drinking after conventional treatment). Surface water quality of Nala is not meeting

any of the category of Best Designated Use – „C‟ Criteria of CPCB.

The pH value of ground water samples at all locations varies from 7.17 – 7.50 and are within

permissible limit. The conductivity values were found to be in the range of 462 – 1012

μmhos/cm. The chloride level was found to vary from 7 – 168mg/l; within permissible limit. The

total hardness values were found to vary from 152 – 420 mg/l; within permissible limit. Calcium

and Magnesium values were within the permissible limit. Zinc and Fe levels were found to be

within the permissible limit. All the parameters in ground water sample were well within the

permissible limit prescribed in Indian Standard IS: 10500-2012.

Hydrography: The water levels with reference to the India Naval Hydrographic Chart Datum

are given in Table 1.5 below

Table 1.5: Water level of River Ganga

High Water Level RL +73.90 m

Low Water Level RL +58.22 m

Current: The currents in the river are significant and vary season to season.

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Topographic Information: The study area, forms a part of Ganga river basin. The city of

Varanasi is located in the middle Ganges valley of North India, in the Eastern part of the state of

Uttar Pradesh, along the left crescent-shaped bank of the River Ganges. The river system

consists of the mighty Ganga highly revered by Hindus since ages. Varuna, Assi, Banganga,

Chandra Prabha and Karmnasa are tributaries of the Ganga, that drain the area. Being located

in the Indo-Gangetic Plains of North India, the land is very fertile because low level floods in the

Ganges continually replenish the soil. The topography survey of terminal site indicated that the

ground levels in the site broadly vary from RL +74.0 to RL +77.0 m.

Soil Quality: - Soil samples from surrounding agriculture fields were collected for analysis. pH

of the soil samples ranges from 6.9 to 7.7 indicating the soils are neutral to slightly alkaline in

nature. Texturally, the soils of study area are observed as Sandy Loam, & Clay Loam Soils. The

organic Carbon content of soil ranges from 0.44 to 0.52 % (as 0.76 to 0.90% Organic Matter),

thereby implying that soils are medium in organic content. Available Nitrogen content in the

surface soils ranges between 193.4 to 262.8-kg/ha. Available Phosphorus content ranges

between 11.5 & 16.2-kg/ha. Available potassium content in these soils ranges between168.8 to

245.7-kg/ha. Overall the soil of the study area is moderately fertile.

Land use: As per the land use based on satellite image about 57.87% of the land is under

cultivation. About 29.85% of the land is under settlement, about 6.2% land is under water bodies

and rest of the land is under other uses. Wheat, paddy, jowar and maize cultivation is done in

most of the agriculture land. Other crops grown in nearby villages are pulses, vegetables,

coriander, chilly and fruits.

Geology: Throughout Varanasi, the geological setting is quite similar: near surface are sandy

lenses surrounded by clay-silty deposits. This sandy lenses form the shallow aquifers (25-40 m

depth below surface, Shukla et al., 2008) with unconfined condition, which is the main water

supply of most part of the city. The lateral length of these lenses can be up to some 1000 m.

Below the clay-silty layer lie fine-coarse sand deposits, which represent the deeper aquifer (60-

70 m depth below surface, Shukla et al., 2008).

Seismicity: The proposed terminal site falls in Zone –III, which fall in moderate risk zone.

Contour Map: The contours in Toposheet have been digitized in the GIS environment and

assigned the respective elevation values in meters with reference to the mean sea level. Using

the SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) data, the elevation values has been verified.

The range of elevation of this area varies from 55 – 95 m.

Biological Environment: The proposed site is devoid of any major plantation. Some agriculture

activities were taken up by nearby villagers within the land in the past but these activities have

been discontinued now. Now the land is categorized as fallow land. There are about 12 small

trees of Khajur (Phoenix sylvestris) and 8 trees of Babool shrubs (Acacia spp.) are present in

the identified land.

The access road to connect site crosses through the Ralhupur village. This road is pucca upto

the Ralhupur village. About 700 m stretch that connect terminal site to Rahlupur village need to

be some leveling and widening. Trees of Jamun, Peepal, Babul and Sisham etc are present

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along this road. Houses and shops also exist along the access road. The access road (700 m

stretch that have to develop) is almost clear, only one or two trees of Jamun, is present along

the road alignment that may require to be removed. One big tree also requires some chopping

for clearing the passes. No significant flora or fauna was observed during the site visit except

nilgai wee spotted during site visit.

1.8. Environment and Social Impacts of the Proposed

Project

Impacts associated with construction phase of phase 1A are only discussed here. Impacts

during operation phase will be discussed in EIA study of phase 1B. No major impacts are

anticipated due to the project. Impacts are majorly anticipated on air quality, noise levels and

aquatic flora & fauna. Mitigation measures are proposed according to the magnitude and

significance of impact. Impacts can be reduced/minimized by adopting these mitigation measure

while implementation of project.

1.9. Environmental Management Plan

The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is the synthesis of all proposed mitigation and

monitoring measures, set to a time frame with specific responsibility assigned and follow-up

actions defined. EMP is a plan of actions for avoidance, mitigation and management of the

negative impacts of the project. Environmental enhancement is also an important component of

EMP. A detailed set of mitigation measures have been compiled in view of the likely impacts

associated with the proposed phase 1A of the project.

Considering all the impacts identified for construction phase of terminal 1A, during the EIA

study, mitigation measures are proposed to prevent pollution. Impacts associated with operation

phase are not discussed here as the project will not be operationalized after construction of

phase 1A and same will be discussed in EIA study of phase 1B. Detailed EMP is given below in

table 1.6.

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Table 1.6: Environment Management Plan

Environmental Issue/ Component

Remedial Measure Reference to laws and Contract

Documents

Approximate Location

Time Frame

Indicative /

Mitigation Cost

Institutional

Responsibility

Implementation

Supervision

1. Climate

1. Project is

unlikely to

cause

negative

effect on

climate.

However,

project can

contribute

positively for

climate

Avoid cutting any tree standing on the proposed terminal site or temporary accesses area of 600m length.

Prior permission shall be taken for cutting any tree.

Compensatory tree planation shall be carried out for any tree cut (as per state forest policy)

Addition plantation of local variety of tree ( 200 no one row of tree on three side of the terminal land) shall be carried out along boundary of the terminal site

Forest Conservation Act, 1980

Access road area and proposed terminal area

During design and Pre-Construction Stage

Compensatory /Additional Plantation ( @ Rs 500 per tree for 200 tree) ) Rs 100000

Contractor IWAI/SEMU/PMC1

2. Natural Hazard

2. Earthquake-

Seismic

Zone III i.e.,

Moderate

Adoption of Relevant IS codes while designing the civil structures to sustain the earthquake of moderate to high magnitude.

Applicable BIS Standards

Project area


Part of Project Costs

Contractor IWAI/SEMU/PMC

1 It is proposed to set up Social and Environmental Management Unit (SEMU) in IWAI to manager social and environmental aspect of NW1 augmentation. PMC

( Project Management Consultants) anticipated to be appointed for project management and quality check.

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Supervision

damage risk

zone2

3. Site Preparation : Access road, Construction Camp, Construction Site

3. Improvement

of Access

road :

pavement of

the road,

Disposal of

accumulated

Improvement of Access Road:

Access road route and alignment (for unpaved area) shall be finalized and submitted to PMC and IWAI for their concurrence.

Tree shall not be cut. Alignment shall be suitable adjusted to avoid cutting of the tree. If unavoidable,

Municipal Solid Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000,

Social Impact Assessment

Juncture of Access road and Entrance phase 1A terminal site



Contractor.

IWAI/SEMU/PMC

2IS:1893 (Part 1): 2002 Indian Standard Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures Part 1 General Provisions and Buildings Fifth Revision divides

the Indian subcontinent into five seismic zones ( II to V) depending on the magnitude and damage intensity of seismic activity.

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Implementation

Supervision

Municipal

Solid Waste3

: Loss of

Agricultural

land, loss of

tree, air and

noise

pollution

than tree shall be cut with due permission from concerned district/forests authorities.

Trimming of the large tree standing close to the site shall be done as minimum as possible.

Provision shall be made for dust suppression during its use.

Provision shall be made (safety boards, speed control, traffic guards) to prevent accident.

Survival rate of tree shall be regularly monitored. It is shall be minimum 70%.

Municipal Solid Waste Management :

requirements

3 Substantial municipal solid waste is disposed at the entrance and around the proposed terminal site requiring proper management of the same.

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Arrangement shall be made for identifying the area for disposal of construction debris and notify to IWAI. The site should be minimum 1000 m distance from the river bank, residential area and sensitive areas like hospitals, school and temples.

Arrangement shall be made for segregation of waste generated from construction site into recyclable, compostable and non-compostable waste.

Resalable/recyclable waste shall be sold off to authorized agencies. Compostable waste will be composted in pits at site and non-compostable waste shall be disposed off to designated landfill site. If designated landfill site not available, then debris disposal site shall be identified

4. Setting of

Labor Camps

: Loss of

agriculture

land,

contaminatio

Location of Camp:

Agriculture land should not be used for development of construction labour camps. Barren/waste land should be used

Site identified by contractor should

The Building and Other Construction workers (Regulation of Employment

Labour Camp Locations


Approximate Rs 500,000/- per camp for sanitation

Contractor.

IWAI/SEMU/PMC

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Responsibility

Implementation

Supervision

n of land and

water

resources

from

municipal

waste from

Camps,

worker‟s

health,

Pressure on

natural

resources

due to

establishmen

t of labour

camps

be approved by the engineers of PMC/IWAI

Proper closure, stabilization and rehabilitation of the area should be carried out as soon as the activity is completed

No land should be used for above purpose without consent of land owner. Sanitation and Worker’s Health :

Camp shall be well ventilated. It should have adequate provision for illumination, kitchen and safe drinking water facility shall be provided at the camp

Adequate bathing and sanitation facilities to be provided at labour camp. Mobile Toilets shall be provided. Soak Pits can be provided only if labour camp is located away from river.

Proper drainage to be maintained around the sites to avoid water logging leading to disease

Preventive medical care to be provided to workers- six monthly medical check-up should be

and Conditions of Service) Act 1996 and Cess Act of 1996 and The Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and amendments thereof. Municipal Solid Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000

an health facilities.

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organized

Waste will be collected & segregated within site into recyclable, compostable and inert waste. Recyclable waste will be sold off to authorized dealers. Compostable waste shall be pit composted and inert waste shall be sent for disposal to landfill or site identified for debris disposal.

Provision shall be made for essential material supply like cooking fuel ( only LPG gas should be used, open burning of fuel should not be allowed)

Provision shall be made for day crèche for children

5. Setting up

construction

Camp:

Concert Mix

Plant, Hot

Mix Plant,

Mechanical

Workshop,

Fuel

storages,

All these facilities shall be installed at proposed terminal site itself. In case these are to be set up away from site than these shall be located at minimum distance of 500 m from habitation, water bodies and 1000 m from forest areas.

All maintenance facilities, hot mix plant and concrete missing plant shall be established with prior consent to establish to be obtained

Air (Prevention and Control of Water Pollution) Act, 1981 and Water (Prevention and Control of Water Pollution) Act, 1972

Site construction Camp

During design and Pre-Construction and construction Stage

Approximate Rs 500,000/- per camp for sanitation an health facilities.

Contractor.

IWAI/SEMU/PMC

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Implementation

Supervision

Lubricant

storages

from SPCB.

All such equipment/plant shall be fitted with air pollution control system and shall comply with condition of consent to establish.

Periodic monitoring shall be carried as per consent conditions.

4. Site Preparation : Power supply, Water Supply, Drainage and disposal of muck and debris

6. Power supply

and Energy

Conservation

: Air Pollution

, energy loss

Power shall be sourced from national/state grid. DG sets shall be used only during power failure.

Back-up power shall be set up with all provisions of containment for fuel leakages, air pollution control (stack height as per regulation), and with acoustic enclosure.

Solar energy shall be used in common lighting area on 1:2 basis.

Buildings designed should have green infrastructure. Measures should be taken to conserve energy as per ECBC norms as applicable.

Energy Conservation Building Code 2007

Construction Sites, Access road, and Labour Camp Locations

During design, Pre-Construction Stage


Contractor.

IWAI/SEMU/PMC

7. Water

Supply,

Drainage and

effluent

discharge

The Area is under safe category as per Central Ground Water Board. However, necessary permission shall be taken from district authorities as applicable before digging the bore well.

Central Ground Water Board, Local regulations.

Construction Sites, and Labour Camp Locations

Pre-Construction and construction Stage

Approx. Rs 300,000 for construction of

Contractor.

IWAI/SEMU/PMC

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Responsibility

Implementation

Supervision

Staff and visitors should be made aware about water conservation by displaying posters and signage

Garland storm water temporary drains shall be developed around the site to prevent any direct discharge of contaminated or soiled water to river. It shall be pass through di-siltation chamber and water collection pit. Collected water shall be used for construction purposes.

All washing and maintenance effluent from the workshop area of vehicle maintenance area should darin to separate collection areas fitted with oil and grease trap and de- siltation chamber. The treated water shall be used for dust suppression and green belt development. This water shall not be discharged to river at all.

grease traps and de-siltation chambers

8. Disposal of

piling earth,

muck and

debris:

uncontrolled

Provision shall be made for collection and draining of water for the piling earth. It shall be used for embankment protection or road construction depending on its

Terminal area River Bank along the terminal



Contractor.

IWAI/SEMU/PMC

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Supervision

disposal may

leads to

increased

sedimentatio

n of the river.

suitability.

Provision shall be made for geo Synthetic Screen for arresting silt flowing down stream.

site

5. Embankment Design and Construction, Drainage Pattern and Fishermen’s Access to River.

9. River Bank

Erosion

Protection:

Construction

of

Embankment

and

construction

of jetty : may

lead to

accumulation

of sediments

on the updrift

side and

erosion of

the downdrift

side .

Contaminatio

n of river

Embankment protection measures (stone pitching) shall be made in both upstream and downstream to the extent that erosion is minimized.

Erosion monitoring shall be carried out periodically downstream as well.

River Bed material shall be tested for contaminants before its use or disposal for land fill site. If any level of heavy metal contamination is found than it shall be disposed off in a secure manner.

River Bank along the terminal site

During design, Pre-Construction and construction Stage


Contractor.

IWAI/SEMU/PMC

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Implementation

Supervision

water quality

and land may

happen due

to river bed

material

10. Drainage

Pattern

Natural Drainage pattern of area around shall be maintained. No waste shall be allowed to dumped to industrial effluent Nala flowing adjacent to the terminal site. Its opening to river shall not be obstructed in any manner.


Pre-Construction Stage and construction stage


Contractor.

IWAI/SEMU/PMC

11. Access to

river :

restricted

movement of

fisherman4

Fishing activities are seen in the river close to site. Arrangement shall be made to provide free access to river and undisturbed safe movement of the fishermen.

Terminal site and area around

Construction Stage


Contractor.

IWAI/SEMU/PMC

4 Fishing activities are seen. Local fisherman are seen fishing close to river areas. They access the river from small temporary access around the site.

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Implementation

Supervision

6. Construction Material Sourcing

12. Borrow areas

for sourcing

earth for

filling as

required

(erosion, loss

of productive

land, land

degradation,

air pollution)

Non-productive lands, barren lands, raised lands; wastelands shall be used for borrowing earth with the necessary permissions/consents.

Agricultural areas not to be used as borrow areas unless requested by the landowner for lowering the land for making it cultivable.

Excavation depth should not exceed 1.5 m bgl

Environmental Clearance from State Environmental Impact Assessment Authority and required permission from District Magistrate shall be obtained prior to excavation. Copy of this permission shall be submitted to IWAI before start of excavation.

Record of location, area, accessibility to the location and photograph of borrow area should be maintained prior to excavation

Site selected for borrow area should be approved by PMC & IWAI expert prior to excavation

IRC Guidelines on borrow areas and for quarries. EIA Notification 2006( under Environmental Protection Act and Rules, 1986; )

All Identified Borrow sites




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Supervision

Ridges of not less than 8m width will be left at intervals not exceeding 300m. Small drains will be cut through the ridges, if necessary, to facilitate drainage.

The slope of the edges will be maintained not steeper than 1:4 (vertical: Horizontal).

Topsoil to be stockpiled and protected for use at the rehabilitation stage.

Rehabilitation shall be satisfactorily undertaken immediately after the use has ceased and at least three weeks prior to monsoon.

Unpaved surfaces used for the haulage of borrow materials to be maintained.

Transportation of earth materials shall be through covered vehicles.

Quarries for sourcing stone and aggregates (loss of productive land, land degradation, air pollution. Any

Aggregates required for embankment stone pitching and roads shall be procured from licensed quarries.

It shall be ensures that selected quarries are having requisite environment clearance, and comply with Air Pollution Control

EIA Notification 2006( under Environmental Protection Act and Rules, 1986; )

Quarry Site




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Implementation

Supervision

illegal quarrying may lead to land use change, unstable rock formation)

and Noise level requirements as per the law.

Copy of Environmental Clearance letter and Consent to Operate and shall Be obtained and submitted to IWAI.

Material shall be transported under covered trucks only.

No new quarry shall be opened without due permissions.

Each Quarry shall be visited prior to its selection to ensure its compliance with lease conditions, EC and consent conditions.

Stone crushers, if required, shall be set up only after consent from SPCB and taking adequate measures for air pollution control

7. Protection of Flora and Fauna

13. Protection of

Tortoise :

Increased

sedimentatio

n

downstream

of

construction

Turtle Sanctuary is located at about 2.3 Km from site.

No movement of tortoise is reported upward to the site. No harm shall be caused to these tortoises in case any tortoise is sited. Necessary caution notice shall be displaced and conveyed to all construction workers and

Wild Life ( Protection ) Act, 1972

In and Around Project Site

During the design and Construction stage

Part of project costs

SEMU through DFO

IWAI/SEMU/PMC

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Responsibility

Implementation

Supervision

site officers.

Geo-Textile synthetic sheet curtain shall be placed around pilling and construction area to prevent movement of sediments and construction waste.

14. Terrestrial

Fauna:

increase in

hunt

tendency5

Caution sign shall be placed to prevent hunting of wild animal and birds.

Provision shall be made for strict penalty for hunting these animals.

High noise construction work shall not be made in night.





Contractor

IWAI/SEMU/PMC

15. Vegetation loss due to site preparation and construction activities

Tree shall not be cut as much as possible. Any tree cut shall be compensated with compensatory tree plantation as per state forest policy.

Tree plantation shall be made as feasible at site and around the site


In and Around Project Site and labour camp


Part of project Costs

Contractor

IWAI/SEMU/PMC

5Peacock and Wild Neel Gai are sited next to project site.

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Responsibility

Implementation

Supervision

depending on land availability.

Provision of LPG shall be made in construction site camp and labour camp as fuel source to avoid tree cutting.

Proper arrangement of lighting should be made at site and construction labour camp

Open burning of fuel for any purpose should not be allowed at the site

16. Effect on

Aquatic life

such as Fish,

Plankton6

No breeding ground is noticed around the project site. However, construction activity shall be restricted during spawning period of June to August.

Sedimentation and siltation shall be prevented/ controlled to maintain productivity of aquatic ecosystem and ensure availability of food for aquatic fauna & flora.

Terminal construction site




8. Air Quality

17. Fugitive Dust

Generation

due to

Transport of loose and fine materials through covered vehicles.

Loading and unloading of

Environmental Protection Act, 1986 and

Construction sites, Loading

During the Construction stage



6The floodplain fisheries are dominated by major and minor carps viz, Labio rohita, Catla catla, Cirrhinus mrigala, L. bata, Puntius sps. and catfishes viz. H.

fossilis, Mystus sps, etc. and fishes of family Clupeidae, Notopteridae and a mix of many other families.

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Implementation

Supervision

construction

activities

construction materials in covered area.

Approach roads shall be paved and widened.

Water spraying on earthworks, unpaved haulage roads, other dust prone areas and construction yard.

Make Provision of PPEs like face mask to workers.

amendments thereof; The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 and amendments thereof

areas, storage areas,

18. Exhaust gas

emissions

from

machinery and

vehicular

traffic.

Regular maintenance shall be carried out of machinery and equipment.

Periodic Ambient air quality monitoring shall be carried out.

DG sets to be fitted with stacks of adequate height and low sulphur diesel to be used in DG sets as well as in machineries.

Monitoring of air quality for PM10, PM2.5, SOx, NOx, and CO shall be carried out quarterly at construction site. Stack monitoring shall be carried out every month at the site.

Environmental Protection Act, 1986 and amendments thereof; The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 and amendments thereof

Construction camps and sites, concrete mixing plant, DG sets locations




19. Emissions at

access road :

Efforts shall be made to move construction material early morning and late evening period.

-do- Access road


- Do - Contractor IWAI/SEMU/PMC

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Institutional

Responsibility

Implementation

Supervision

avoidance of

traffic Jams7

Traffic regulators ( Guard) shall be posted in habitat area and at key junction areas to avoid congestion

9. Noise and Vibration

20. Noise from

construction

vehicle,

equipment

and

machinery.

All equipment to be timely serviced and properly maintained to minimize its operational noise.

Construction equipment and machinery to be fitted with silencers and maintained properly.

Provision of temporary noise barrier near habitat areas during construction phase.

Protection devices (ear plugs or ear muffs) will be provided to the workers operating in the vicinity of high noise generating machines.

Speed control shall be enforced in habitat areas.

Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 and amendments thereof

Construction Site and accesses road.



Contractor

IWAI/SEMU/PMC

7 The roads connecting the proposed sites is narrow and also passes through habitat area. Traffic remains heavy.

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Responsibility

Implementation

Supervision

The ambient noise level as per CPCB standard is 55 dB(A) and 45 db(A). Current noise level at habitat area meets the standard

Noise monitoring day and night at site, labour camp and access road area shall be carried quarterly to ensure the effectiveness of mitigation measures.

10. Land-use and Landscape

21. Land use

Change and

Loss of

productive/top

soil

Efforts shall be made to improve the aesthetic of the area. No construction waste or other wastes shall be dumped at unidentified areas. Caution board in local language shall be placed at different locations to prevent dumping of waste generated from construction site in the river and nearby areas

Compensatory tree plantation for loss of trees.

Top soil shall be preserved and laid over either on the embankment slope for growing vegetation to protect soil erosion or spread over in the proposed plantation areas.

Design requirement

Around project site area and borrow area

During construction Stage

Approximately Rs 25000 for five caution boards @ Rs 5000 per board


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Responsibility

Implementation

Supervision

Land earmarked for dumping of construction waste shall be free from any social and R&R issue and away from settlements.

22. Soil erosion

due to

construction

activities,

earthwork

Provision of cross drainage

structure shall be made in the

access road if required to maintain

the natural drainage pattern.

Provision of side drain shall be made in access road if required to prevent water logging.

Measures like building of scouring protection structures, protection by geo-textiles matting etc shall be made, if river bank erosion is found around the terminal area.

Bio-turfing of embankments shall be made enhance the slop stabilization.

Access road and river bank

Construction stage



23. Soil erosion

at earth

stockpiles

The earth stockpiles to be provided with gentle slopes to prevent soil erosion.

At earth stockpiles

Construction stage



24. Compaction

and

contamination

of soil due to

movement of

Fuel and lubricants to be stored at the predefined storage location.

Storage area shall be paved with gentle slope to a corner and connected with a chamber to collect

Terminal site

Pre construction and construction stage.



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Implementation

Supervision

vehicles and

equipment

any spills of the oils.

Provision of “oil interceptors” at wash-down and re-fuelling areas.

Oil and grease spill and oil soaked materials are to be collected and stored in labelled containers (Labelled: WASTE OIL; and hazardous sign be displayed) and sold off to SPCB/ MoEF authorized vendors.

Movement of construction vehicles, machinery and equipment shall be restricted to the designated haulage route.

11. Water Resources

25. Depletion of

Groundwater

resources due

to unregulated

abstraction for

construction

purpose

Preference shall be given to source water from rivers wherever feasible in the project area with due permission from authorities.

Augmentation through incorporating water harvesting structures if technically feasible.

Construction of check dams in consultation with community to reduce burden on ground water resources.

Efforts to restrict water intensive activities during summer period

During

Constructio

n stage

Part of

project

costs

Contractor, IWAI/SEMU/PMC

DRAFT





Documents


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Indicative /

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Institutional

Responsibility

Implementation

Supervision

(April, May, June)

26. Increase in

water Siltation

levels due to

construction of

terminal and

contamination

due to

disposal of

domestic

waste

The piling work shall be undertaken during low flow period.

Restoration of changes in the stream, if any, made during construction to its original level.

Precautions shall be made that no nala or canal is clogged.

Substructure construction should be limited to the dry season and cofferdams may be constructed and utilized to lift the spoil directly out of it and carried to the riverbank for land disposal.

Mobiel toilets with anaerobic digestion facility shall be fixed at construction site. No domestic waste shall be discharged to river.

Terminal

Site

During

Constructio

n stage

Part of

project

costs


12. Accident and Safety Risks

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Responsibility

Implementation

Supervision

27. Accident risk

from

construction

activities

Contractors to adopt and maintain safe working practices.

Usage of fluorescent signage, in local language at the construction sites

Training shall be provided to workers, especially machinery operators, on safety procedures and precautions.

The contractors to appoint a safety officer mandatory.

At every work place, a readily available first aid unit including an adequate supply of dressing materials, a mode of transport (ambulance), nursing staff, and doctor to be provided.

Required PPE shall be provided to workers.

Half yearly medical check-up shall be carried of the workers and summary report shall be submitted to PMC

Central Motor

and Vehicle

Act 1988

EP Act 1986

Noise Rules 2002

Construction sites

Construction period



13. Shifting of Common Property Resources and other Utilities

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Institutional

Responsibility

Implementation

Supervision

Shifting of community properties and utilities

As per assessment no such shifting is involved. However, if any shifting is involved it shall done at suitable location with the concurrence from local authorities and community.

Project Area

Pre- Construction



EIA Report- Phase 1A of Multimodal River Water Terminal at Ramnagar, Varanasi, U.P., India


1.10 Environment Monitoring Plan

A comprehensive monitoring plan has been prepared and described below in Table 1.7.

The objective of environmental monitoring during the construction and operation phases

is to compare the monitored data against the baseline condition collected during the

study period to assess the effectiveness of the mitigation measures and the protection of

the ambient environment based on national standards.

A monitoring schedule has also been prepared based on the environmental components

that may be affected during the construction phase of the project. Environmental

monitoring plan for operation stage will be discussed in EIA study to be carried out for

phase 1B of terminal.

Table 1.7: Environment Monitoring Plan

S. No.

Aspect Parameters to be monitored

No of sampling locations & frequency

Standard methods for smapling and analysis

Role & Responsibility

Implementation

Supervision

Construction Period

1. Air Quality (Ambient & Stack)

PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2,HC and CO

Four Sites including project site and 3 other sites within 2 km of terminal site Once in a month

Fine Particulate Samplers for PM2.5

Respirable Dust Sampler fitted PM10

Respirable Dust Sampler fitted withGaseous sampling arrangements forSO2 and NO2, CO analyser /portable CO meterfor COportable HC meter or tubes for HC;TO-14A, TO-15, USEPA method for sampling and analysis of VOCs in ambient air

Contractor

IWAI & PMC



2. Surface Water Quality

Physical, chemical and biological

River Ganga & Gurha Nallah Once a month

Grab sampling and analysis by using standard methods

Contractor

IWAI & PMC

3. Drinking water Quality


Drinking water fro labour camps Once a month


Contractor

IWAI & PMC

4. Noise Level

Day time and night time noise level (max, min & Leq levels)

Construction labour camp, construction siteand 2 locations within 2 km of terminal site Once a month

Noise meter Contractor

IWAI & PMC

5. Soil Quality

Soil texture, type, Electricalconductivity, pH, infiltration, porosity, etc.,

Construction site, labour camps and debris disposal site Once in 6 months

Collection and analysis of samples asper IS 2720

Contractor

IWAI & PMC

6. Soild & Hazardous Waste Management

Physical & Chemical characteristics

Construction site, labour camps and debris disposal site Daily

MSW Rules, 2000, Hazardous Waste & Management Rules, 2008

Contractor

IWAI & PMC

7. Wastewater Management


Construction site & labour camps Once a month

-- Contractor

IWAI & PMC

8. Plantation Plantation survival rate

At plantation site (terminal site & afforestation site)

Survey, counting, recording & reporting

Contractor

IWAI & PMC



9. Soil Erosion

--- Upstream & downstream of terminal site

Survey & observation; Extent and degree of erosion; Structures for controlling soil erosion

Contractor

IWAI & PMC

10. Aquatic ecology

Phytoplankton, Zooplankton


Plankton net of diameter of 0.35 m, No.25 mesh size 63 and analysis byusing standard methods.

Contractor

IWAI & PMC

11. Integrity of embankment



Contractor

IWAI & PMC



2. INTRODUCTION

2.1. Prelude

The Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI) came into existence on 27th October

1986 for development and regulation of inland waterways for shipping and navigation.

The Authority primarily undertakes projects for development and maintenance of Inland

water transport (IWT) infrastructure on national waterways through grant received from

Ministry of Shipping. The head office of the Authority is at Noida. The Authority also has

its regional offices at Patna, Kolkata, Guwahati and Kochi and sub-offices at Allahabad,

Varanasi, Bhaglapur, Farakka, Hemnagar, Dibrugarh (Assam), Kollam, Chennai and

Vijayawada(A.P.).

Five waterways have been declared by IWAI for facilitating inland water transportation

and are listed below:

NW-1 -The Ganga (Haldia to Allahabad-1620 km)

NW-2- The Brahmaputra (Dhubri to Sadiya-891 km)

NW-3 The West Coast Canal (Kottampuram to Kollam with Udyogmandal and Champakara canals- 205 km)

NW-4- The Kakinda-Puducherry stretch of Canals with Godavari & Krishna Rivers (1078 km)

NW-5-The East CoastCanal with Brahami Rivet and Mahanadi Delta (588 km)

IWAI, to improve the inland water transportation system in country has proposed a

project “Capacity Augmentation of the Nation Waterway 1 (1620 kms, with

minimum water depth of 2.5-3 m) between Haldia and Allahabad”. National

Waterway 1 has the potential to form the most economic, reliable, safe and

environmentally friendly form of transport. Map showing national waterway 1 is given

below in figure 2.1.



Figure 2.1 : Google Map Showing the Alignment of NW-1

Under this project, IWAI for improvement of navigation facilities has proposed to develop

a multimodal inland water terminal at Varanasi. This terminal will provide the berthing

facility for ship and loading and unloading facility for the goods. Each of this kind of

facility under this project will have associated social and environmental impacts,

requiring effective mitigation measures for its elimination and minimization. Thus a

detailed environmental social impact assessment study is carried out for assessing the

impacts associated with development and operation of the proposed terminal. EIA report

covers in detail the environmental and social aspects of the proposed terminal during

both construction/development stage and operation stage.

2.2. Project Background

IWAI has planned to develop a multimodal terminal at Ramnagar, Varanasi, U.P. As per

planning, this terminal will be connected to rest of the city vide roads and railways both.

An access road will be developed to connect the terminal with national highway 7.

Internal road of 12 m width will be developed within the terminal to facilitate smooth

movement. Terminal will also be connected to the DFC corridor from Mugalsarai to

Bhaupur (under planning of DFCCIL). The terminal will be developed in phases. At

present phase 1A is being progressed. In the phase 1A the terminal shall handle

about 4,000 to 5,000T per day which is expected to grow to 3.5 MTPA by 2018. Material

to be handled will be coal, cement, stone chips, and fertilizer and food grains.

IWAI has appointed EQMS-IRG-ABNAKI Consortium to carry out the detailed

environmental impact assessment study for proposed multimodal inland water terminal

at Ramnagar, Varanasi.



2.3. Project Brief

Multimodal Inland water terminal is proposed to be located at Ramnagar, Varanasi, U.P

along River Ganga. The terminal is proposed with the ambit to enhance the navigational

facility for NW-1 under project “Capacity Augmentation of the Nation Waterway 1 (1620

kms, with minimum water depth of 2.5-3 m) between Haldia and Allahabad”

The proposed project site falls in Ramnagar Municipal Board of Varanasi district. The

proposed terminal is along Ramanagar Bridge which is approximately 700 m from

National Highway -7. Terminal site for phase 1A covers area of app. 5.685 ha.

GangaRiver flows in the West direction and a stream called Gurha Nallah flows into the

river and surrounds the site in East and South direction. Project is surrounded by open

land. Geographical coordinates for the project is given in Table 2.1 below. Map showing

location of proposed terminal is given in Figure 2.2 & 2.3.

Table 2.1: Geographical Coordinates of Project Site

Point Longitude Latitude A 25°15'12.80"N 83° 1'49.33"E

B 25°15'13.99"N 83° 1'51.68"E

C 25°15'13.70"N 83° 1'56.68"E

D 25°15'7.90"N 83° 1'55.45"E

E 25°15'4.58"N 83° 1'57.32"E

F 25°15'3.38"N 83° 1'57.34"E

G 25°15'3.13"N 83° 1'53.82"E

H 25°15'1.59"N 83° 1'54.14"E

I 25°15'0.90"N 83° 1'51.59"E



Figure 2.2: Google Map Showing Site Location

At present, proposed project site is accessible through existing kachha road which

connects to NH-7 through village road (pakka). In future (later phases) an approach road

from the site will be developed which will be directly connected to NH-7 for which land

measuring 0.592 ha will be required to acquire. Nearest railway station in Jeonathpur

which is at 4.0 kms distance from terminal site in SE direction. Connectivity will be made

from terminal to connect to existing IR track and proposed DFC track in future at

Jeonathpur in later phases. Nearest airport is Lal Bahadur Shastri Airport at distance of

app. 30 km in NW direction. There are 2 fixed terminals at Farkka and Pakur, low & high

level jetty at Patna, GR jetty in Kolkata and 18 floating terminals enroute NW-1.

Facilities proposed at the site are 2 nos of berths for the cargo (100 m wide each),

loading & unloading bay, passenger jetty, Electrical sub-station (ESS), power back up

and sanitation facility.



Figure 2.3: Location Map of Varanasi Terminal

2.4. Need for the Proposed Project

Inland Water Transport (IWT) offers a cost effective, environment friendly and fuel

efficient mode, especially for bulk cargo, hazardous goods and over dimensional cargo –

so vital for industrial development. Also as per report issued by European Conference of

ministry of transport (ECMT), social cost of air pollution, noise pollution, land coverage,

construction/maintenance and accidents for water transport is least when compared to

road and rail transport. Water transport has no or least impact in noise pollution,

accidents and land coverage.

Till middle of 20thcentury, IWT had been used as an important mode of transportation in

various parts of the country. However the IWT in an organized manner is significantly

seen today only in a few areas e.g. Goa, Assam, West Bengal and Mumbai, apart from

Ganga, Brahmaputra and Champakara and Udyogmandal canals. It is however,

heartening that transportation of goods by IWT mode in these regions has been steadily



increasing and has gone up to 70.00 million tonne (4.755 btkm) in 2011-12 from the level

of 32.48 million tonne (1.63 btkm) in 2003-04.

Inland Water Transport (IWT) on NW-1 has the potential to form the most economic,

reliable, safe and environmentally friendly form of transport. Where developed for use by

modern inland water-way vessels operating on dependable rights of way, it can reduce

investment needs in rail and road infrastructure, promote greater complementarities in

the economic strategies the riparian states, enhance intra-regional trade and, through

increased economies of scale, significantly reduce transport costs for the benefit of the

entire economy and India‟s global trade competitiveness.

With increase in potential interest of shippers for transporting material including coal, fly-

ash, food grains, cement, stone chips, and edible oil via NW-1, there is an urgent need

for operationalizing the entire NW-1 stretch to meet this demand. At present, several

power companies have initiated action for setting up Thermal Power projects and

extensive movement of Over Dimensional Cargo (ODC), imported coal for NTPC

projects is planned to be done on NW-1 during the next 4 - 5 years.

With the objective of improving the navigation and navigation facility at NW-1, IWAI has

proposed project “Capacity Augmentation of the Nation Waterway 1 (1620 kms, with

minimum water depth of 2.5-3 m) between Haldia and Allahabad”. This will

significantly reduce transportation cost for shippers, reduces congestion and accidents

on highways and provide savings in carbon emissions for traffic on NW-1.

Permanent Multimodal Inland Water Terminal Project at Ramnagar, Varanasi is

proposed under this project and is proposed with an ambit to improve navigation facility

and infrastructure in NW-1. This multi-modal terminal will connect the major highways,

i.e. NH-7 & 2 and DFC track and will facilitate the transportation of goods in cost-

effective and green manner. Due to land constraints, terminal will be developed in

phases. At present 5.685 ha of land has been acquired thus phase 1A of the terminal is

being progressed.

2.5. Need of Study

The proposed multimodal inland water terminal project is highly beneficial and will

significantly contribute to the internal trade in the country. Rivers connects the major

ports to the hinterlands and facilitates the transportation of goods all across the country.

But the terminal project has associated environmental and social impacts requiring

effective mitigation measures for elimination and minimization. Thus a detailed

environment social impact assessment study has been carried out for the project to

assess the impacts of the project in the design stage so that adequate mitigation

measures can be proposed and implemented during the construction and operation

phase to ensure environmental and socially sound implementation of the project.

The project is being developed with financial aid of World Bank. Thus the EIA study has

been carried out in accordance with the operational policies of World Bank, Environment



Impact Assessment Guidance Manual on Ports and Harbours and Guidelines of MoEF

for carrying out EIA studies from time to time.

As per the World Bank Policy O.P.4.01, development of the terminal is classified as

„Category A‟ project which requires a detailed environment assessment study prior

development of zone to identify the potential threats of project to environment and to

frame mitigation and environment management plan to reduce the negative impact of

the project.

2.6. Scope and Methodology of the Study

For the purpose of environmental assessment, area within 10 km radial zone of the

proposed project have been studied and classified as Study Area. Following

methodology has been adopted for the EIA study:

Collection of primary and secondary baseline information

Analysis of project component and its activities with respect to environmental

aspects

Public consultation to identify their concern and acceptance to the project

Analysis of Alternatives

Impact assessment and identification of mitigation measures for elimination, or

minimisation of impacts

Assessment of institutional aspects, and development of Environmental

Management and Monitoring Plan.

Identification of sources of pollution during construction and operation phases of

the project at the proposed site

Identification of utilisation of resources obtained during construction and

operation phases of the project

Assessment of extent of pollution and resource utilisation in the proposed area

Recommend measures to optimise resource utilisation

Develop an environmental monitoring plan to ensure effective implementation of

the environmental management plan

2.7. Limitation of the Study

The present EIA Report has been prepared based on the Primary field investigations /

assessment, and secondary data from data collected from Inland Waterways Authority of

India, Uttar Pradesh Pollution Control Board, Indian Meteorological Department,

Banaras Hindu University, Public Works Department (PMGSY Department), Ganga

Pollution Unit, Kashi Turtle Sanctuary, Varanasi Development Authority, Sarnath Turtle

Research Institute, UP Jal Nigam, Public Health & Engineering Department, Jalkal



Vibhag, Irrigation Department, U.P., Collectorate, Statistic Department, Forest

Department and published journals, and books, public consultation and site

observations.

The environmental and social assessment is based on the information collected from the

various Agencies, community consultations and observations. Professional judgement

and subjective interpretation of facts and observations has been applied for the

preparation of the EIA Report. Since the project is under planning stage, final plans for

terminal, road and railway connectivity is under process.

2.8. Structure of the Report

The EIA report contains project features, baseline environmental conditions, assessment

of environmental impacts, and formulation of mitigation measures along with

environmental management and monitoring plan.

The report includes the following chapters:

Chapter 1: Executive Summary

The executive summary gives the synopsis of the EIA Report.

Chapter 2: Introduction

This chapter provides background information of the project proponent, need for the EIA

study as per prevailing legislation, Location and brief description of the project,

methodology adopted for EIA study and structure of the report.

Chapter 3: Legislative, regulation and policy consideration

This chapter deals with the details of the potential legal, administrative, planning and

policy framework which have been referred in the preparation of the EIA Report.

Chapter 4: Project Description

This chapter deals with the details of the proposed EZ such as location, connectivity,

project requirements, Infrastructure development, environmental consideration, project

cost, implementation schedule, etc.

Chapter 5: Environmental and Social Baseline

This Chapter describes the baseline environmental conditions around the project site for

various environmental attributes, viz. physical, biological and socio-economic, within the

10 km radial zone, which is termed as the study area. Topography, soil, water,

meteorology, air, noise, and land constitute the physical environment, whereas flora and

fauna constitute the biological environment. Demographic details and occupational

pattern in the study area constitute socio-economic environment. Baseline

environmental conditions are based on the information collected from the various

agencies and the secondary data collected from published sources.

Chapter 6: Environmental Impacts



This chapter details the inferences drawn from the environmental impact assessment of

the proposed project. It describes the overall impacts of the project activities and

underscores the areas of concern, which need mitigation measures.

Chapter 7: Public Consultation and Disclosure Meeting

This Chapter provides an insight into the process & methodology followed for carrying

out the public consultation meetings in study area and proceedings of pubic

consultations

Chapter 8: Environmental Management Plan and Monitoring Indicators

This Chapter provides mitigation and control measures to attenuate and/or eliminate

environmental impacts, which are likely to be caused by the proposed project. An

Environmental Management Plan (EMP) has been developed to mitigate the potential

adverse impacts and to strengthen the beneficial impacts. This chapter also provides the

environmental monitoring plan proposed for the project.

2.9. References

List of secondary data used for carrying out EIA study and preparation of EIA report is

given at table 2.2.

Table 2.2: Reference Used for EIA Study

S. No. Reference

Government Departments

1. Inland Waterways Authority of India

2. Uttar Pradesh Pollution Control Board

3. Indian Meteorological Department

4. Banaras Hindu University

5. Public Works Department (PMGSY Department)

6. Ganga Pollution Unit

7. Kashi Turtle Sanctuary

8. Varanasi Development Authority

9. Sarnath Turtle Research Institute

10. UP Jal Nigam

11. Public Health & Engineering Department

12. Jalkal Vibhag

13. Irrigation Department, U.P.

14. Collectorate

15. Statistic Department

16. Forest Department

Journals & Books

1. Singh A, Department of Botany, BHU “Observation on the vascular wall flora of Banaras Hindu University Campus, India”``

2. Current status of River Ganges – October 2008

3. Socio- economic Status of fishers of ganga river – November 2009

4. Ecology status and production dynamics of wetlands of uttar Pradesh – May 2004



5. Ecodynamics and fishery status of upper stretch of river Yamuna and associated canals – September 2003

6. Fisheries of the Hooghly-Matlah estuarine system – An appraisal – Feb 1997

7. Health of inland aquatic resources and its impact on fisheries – Feb 2014

8. The ecology and fishery status of river Yamuna – Feb 2014

9. The status of river ganges in the middle stretch – Nov 2008

10. Present status of hilsa in Hooghly-bhagirathi river – June 2012

11. Assessment of Water Quality of River Ganga along Ghats in Varanasi City, U. P., India. International Journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering ISSN 0974-5904, Vol. 04, No. 04, August 2011, pp. 698-711, Tarence Thomas, Meenu Mishra, H. Thomas, Arun A. David, Ram Bharose and D. Venkat Reddy, School Of Forestry And Environment, Sam Higginbottom Institute Of Agriculture Technology & Sciences, (Formerly-Allahabad Agricultural Institute), Deemed-To-Be-University, Allahabad, 211 007, (U.P.), India

12. Department Of Applied Geology, Dr. H. S. G. Central University, Sagar, (M.P.) India

13. Department Of Civil Engineering, National Institute Of Technology, Surathkal (Nitk) Srinivasanagar-575025, Mangalore

Existing Studies

1. Forest Working Plan, Kashi Van Vibhagh

2. Turtle Conservation Plan, Kashi Van Vibhagh

Others

1. Site visits

2. Lab Analysis Report



3. LEGISLATIVE, REGULATION AND POLICY CONSIDERATION

3.1. Introduction

India has well defined institutional and legislative framework. The legislation covers all

components of environment viz. air, water, soil, terrestrial and aquatic flora and fauna,

natural resources, and sensitive habitats. India is also signatory to various international

conventions and protocols. The environmental legislations in India are framed to protect

the valued environmental components and comply with its commitment to international

community under various conventions and protocols. World Bank has also defined its

Environmental and Social Safeguard Operational Policies. This assessment is about the

applicability of above laws and regulations, conventions, protocols, and safeguards for

guidance purposes only. These applicability‟s should be re-confirmed from concerned

government agencies and concerned legal counsel.

The applicability of legislation to the navigational channel (waterway) improvement will

be assessed under separate EIA being carried out for waterways and NW-1 as a whole.

3.1.1. Overview of Indian Environmental Legislation and Administrative

Framework

The Government of India has framed various laws and regulations for protection and

conservation of natural environment. The legislations are broadly divided under following

categories.

Environmental Protection

Forests Conservation

Wild Life Protection

The umbrella legislation under each of above category is highlighted below:

The Environment (Protection) Act 1986 was enacted with the objective of providing for the protection and improvement of the environment. It empowers the Central Government to establish authorities charged with the mandate of preventing environmental pollution in all its forms and to tackle specific environmental problems that are peculiar to different parts of the country. Various rules are framed under this Act for grant of environmental clearance for any developmental project, resources conservation and waste management.

The Forest Conservation Act 1980 was enacted to help conserve the country's forests. It strictly restricts and regulates the de-reservation of forests or use of forest land for



non-forest purposes without the prior approval of Central Government. To this end the Act lays down the pre-requisites for the diversion of forest land for non-forest purposes.

Wild Life (Protection) Act 1972 amended 2003 was enacted with the objective of effectively protecting the wild life of this country and to control poaching, smuggling and illegal trade in wildlife and its derivatives. It defines rules for the protection of wild life and ecologically important protected areas.

The MoEF and the pollution control boards (CPCB - Central Pollution Control Board and

SPCBs - State Pollution Control Boards) together form the regulatory and administrative

core of the part. Other Ministries/Statutory Bodies/Departments responsible for ensuring

environmental compliance and granting various clearances includes state ministry /dept.

of environment, regional offices of MoEF and state forests/wildlife departments.

3.1.2. Applicable Environmental Legislation

As per the nature of the project, screening has been done to identify the legislations

applicable to the project. Legislations applicable to the project are further divided into the

legislations framed by Govt. of India and Regulations applicable for vessels plying in

inland waterways framed by IWAI and Ministry of Shipping, GoI. Regulations of Govt. of

India applicable to the project are given in Table 3.1 and legislations framed for vessels

plying in inland waterways framed by IWAI and Ministry of Shipping, GoI are given in

Table 3.2 below.

Table 3.1: Summary of Environmental and Other Legislation with Applicability Screening

Name Key Requirement

Applicability Type of permit and stage of applicability

Administrative Authority and indicative time frame for grant of permission

Responsibility

Environmental Protection Legislations

Environment Protection Act-1986 and Rules there under including EIA Notification 14th Sep 2006 and amendment till date

To protect and improve overall environment. Requires prior environmental clearance for new, modernization and expansion projects listed in schedule 1 of EIA Notification, 2006

Considered Applicable for certain activities like borrowing of earth if required (EIA Notification 2006 does not classify terminals on river or dredging in the river as a project requiring environmental clearance. The applicability of this legislation

Environment Clearance Construction stage for EC for borrowing earth

MoEF& CC & SEIAA/SEAC

Contractor for obtaining environmental clearances as applicable. Contractor shall also be responsible for EMP implementation and compliance to environmental clearance conditions.



shall be re-confirm from the concerned authority).

Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981, 1987

An act to prevent and control Air pollution

Applicable. The applicability is due to emission from operation of construction equipment like batching plants, hot mix plants, DG sets, and similarly, during operation stage backup power generation, material handling related aspects.

Consent to Establish & Consent to Operate

SPCB Contractor, for setting up terminal, batching plant, hot-mix plant as prior to its establishment from SPCB CTO shall be taken by contractor for batching plant, hot-mix plant & quarry site as required prior to operation and it should be renewed before the expiry of permit. Contractor shall also obtain CTO for terminal site before its handover.

Water Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, 1988

An act to prevent and control water pollution.

Applicable. It is applicable for the projects having potential to generate effluent during any stage of the project. Effluents are expected to be generated during both the construction and operation phase of the project.

Consent to Establish & Consent to Operate

State Pollution Control Boards

CTE should be taken by contractor for disposal of sewage and construction of septic tank/soak pit prior to start of construction from SPCB CTE/CTO for terminal site shall also be obtained by Contractor along with CTE / CTO under Air



Act.

Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control Act) 2000 and amendment till date

Ambient Noise Standards for different areas and zones

Applicable due to generation of noise during construction and operation stage.

No permits issued under this act

SPCB & CPCB Contractor and IWAI to ensure compliance to Ambient Noise Level Standards.

Hazardous Wastes (Management Handling and Trans-boundary) Rules, 2008 .

Protection to general public against improper handling storage and disposal of hazardous waste. The rules prescribe the management requirement of hazardous wastes from its generation to final disposal.

Applicable. Project has potential to generate hazardous waste (Waste Oil) during both construction and operation phase.

Authorization for storage and handling hazardous waste

SPCB & MoEF& CC

Contractor shall obtain authorization for handling, storage and disposal of hazardous waste (Waste Oil) along with CTE/CTO under air and water act.

MSIHC Rules, 1989 Usage and storage of hazardous material

Applicable only for storage of highly inflammable liquids like HSD/LPG

No specific permit is required, however precautions defined under the material safety datasheets shall be followed. Safety audit and other requirements shall have to be complied if storage quantity exceeds the threshold limit

Chief Controller of Explosives, MoEFCC & DC

Contractor and IWAI

The Bio Medical Waste (Management and Handling rules)

To control storage, transportation

Applicable for the disposal of bio-medical waste

No specific permit is required.

Disposal through authorized

Contractor and IWAI



1998 and disposal of Bio Medical Waste.

from first aid centers and dispensaries

Just comply with the handling and disposal requirements of the rule

disposal agency

The Batteries (Management and Handling) Rules 2001

To regulate the disposal and recycling of lead acid batteries

Applicable for disposal of used led acid battery if likely to be used in any equipment during construction and operation stage.

No specific registration required. Compulsion to buy and sale through registered vendor only.

MoEF&CC

Contractor and IWAI

Coastal Zone Management Act 2011

To regulate development activities within the 500m of high tide line in coastal zone and 100 m of tidal influence rivers.

Not applicable CRZ Clearance

State Coastal Zone Management Authority and MoEF&CC

Not Applicable

Forest Conservation and Wildlife Protection Legislation

The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 and amendments The Forest (conversion) Rules 1981 and amendments till date

To protect forest by restricting conversion of forested areas into non- forested areas and deforestation

Not Applicable. No forest land is being diverted. No tree cutting is anticipated either. However, if any tree is required to be cut for access road than NOC from forest department is required.

Forest Clearance / Permission for tree cutting.

Forest Department, MoEFCC

NOC shall be obtained from forest department prior tree cutting if any involved by IWAI. Compensatory plantation shall be carried out in minimum ratio as per state forest policy. NOC shall be obtained by contractor.

Biological Diversity Act, 2002

conservation of biological diversity, sustainable use of its components

Not Applicable

No permit issued under this Act.

National Biodiversity Authority and State Biodiversity Board

NA



and fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of the use of biological resources, knowledge and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto

Wild Life Protection Act, 1972, 1993

To protect wildlife through notifying National Parks and Sanctuaries and buffer areas around these zones

Not Applicable though Kashi Turtle Sanctuary is located at 2.3 km d/s of the terminal site. However, as per the Guideline from MoEF&CC (Wildlife Division) dated 15th March 2011 this is not considered applicable as this project does not required environment clearance.

Wild life clearance

Chief Conservator Wildlife, Wildlife Wing, Forest Department, MoEFCC

Considered Not applicable

Safety and Other Related Legislations

Chemical Accidents

(Emergency

Planning,

Preparedness and

Response) Rules,

1996

Requirement

of preparation

of on-site and

off-site

Disaster

Management

Plans for

accident-

prone areas.

Not Applicable.

The project does

not involve

handling of any

hazardous

chemical during

both construction

and operation

phase which may

lead to

continuous,

intermittent or

repeated

exposure to

No permits

issued under

this act

Central, State

& District Crisis

Group

Not Applicable



death, or injury.

Public Liability and

Insurance Act 1991

Protection

from liability

arising due to

accidents from

handling of

hazardous

chemicals.

Not Applicable.

The project does

not involve

storage of any

chemicals (HSD)

beyond the

threshold limit

during

construction and

No permits

issued under

this act.

Owner of

project shall

take out

insurance

policies

providing for

contracts of

insurance so

as he is

insured

against

liability to

give relief,

before

handling any

such

hazardous

material

Collector of the

Area

Not applicable

Explosive Act 1884 &

Explosive Rules,

2008

Safe

transportation,

storage and

use of

explosive

material

Not Applicable

as no explosive

(as described in

act & rules) shall

be used in the

construction and

operation stage

of the project.

Permission

for storage

and usage of

explosive

Chief Controller

of Explosives

Not applicable

Petroleum Rules,

2002

Use and

Storage of

Petroleum

products

Applicable as

storage of

HSD/LPG or any

other petroleum

product may be

required for the

project purpose

License to

store

petroleum

beyond

prescribed

quantity.

Chief Controller

of

Explosives/DC

Contractor /

IWAI

Central Motor Vehicle Act 1988 and amendment

To minimize

the road

accidents,

Applicable, for all

the vehicles at

site during

No permit

issued under

this Act

Motor Vehicle

Department

(Licensing

Contractor to

follow Rules for

all the



Central Motor Vehicle Rules, 1989 and amendments till date

penalizing the

guilty,

provision of

compensation

to victim and

family and

check

vehicular air

and noise

pollution.

construction &

operation phase

authority,

registration

authority &

State Transport

Authorities)

construction

vehicles being

used at site

during

construction

purpose.

IWAI shall

follow the rules

for all its

vehicles at site

during

operation

phase and

should also

monitor that

loading &

unloading

vehicles also

comply with

these rules

The Gas Cylinder

Rules 2004

To regulate

the storage of

gas /

possession of

gas cylinder

more than the

exempted

quantity

Applicable if

contractor store

more than the

exempted

quantity of gas

cylinder.

License to

store gas

cylinder

more than

the regulated

quantity

Chief Controller

of explosives

Contractor

Ancient Monuments

and Archaeological

Sites and Remains

Act, 1958

Conservation of cultural and historical remains found in India. According to this Act, area within the radii of 100m and 300m from the “protected Property” are designated as “protected area” and

Not Applicable as

no notified ancient

monument is

located within 300

m of the project

site.

No objection

certificate

Archaeological

Dept. Gol,

Indian Heritage

Society and

Indian National

Trust for Art

and Culture

Heritage

(INTACH).

Not applicable



“controlled area” respectively. No development activity (including building, mining, excavating, blasting) is permitted in the “protected area” and development activities likely to damage the protected property is not permitted in the “controlled area” without prior permission of the Archaeological

Survey of

India (ASI).

Merchant Shipping

Act, 1958

To prevent

marine

pollution from

ships beyond

5 km of the

coastline and

to make the

transportation

safe.

Considered

Applicable as

these cargos are

also required to

register in India

under this act.

Registration

Certificate

National

Shipping Board

IWAI shall

ensure that all

the barges

plying in the

waterways are

complying with

the rule as

applicable

Guidelines for

evaluation of

proposals/requests

for ground water

abstraction for

drinking and

domestic purposes in

To regulate

extraction of

ground water

for drinking

and domestic

purpose

Applicable only if

bore well is done

for extracting

water for meeting

drinking/domestic

water needs of

terminal &

No objection

certificate

Central ground

Water

Authority/Board

& MoEFCC

Contractor/IWAI

shall obtain

NOC from

CGWA/CGWB

prior digging

any bore well

during



Notified areas and

Industry/Infrastructure

project proposals in

Non-notified areas,

2012

vessels construction &

operation

phase as

applicable.

Note: applicable social legislations are not listed here as these are covered under SIA

and RAP reports being prepared separately.

Table 3.2: Regulations Applicable on Vessels/Barges Plying in Inland Waterways (However, these will be applicable for operation stage only)

Name Key Requirement Applicability Administrative Authority

Prevention of Collision on national Waterways Regulations, 2002

Regard to precautions required by the ordinary practice of Seamen and limitation of the vessel

Applicable for development of the terminal at operation stage for all the vessel plying in National Waterway

IWAI

National Waterways, Safety of Navigation and Shipping Regulations, 2002

Ensuring safety of navigation and shipping on the national waterways

Applicable for development of the terminal at operation stage for all the vessel plying in National Waterway

IWAI

The National Waterway-1 Act, 1982

Provision for regulation and development of that river for purpose of shipping and navigation on the NW-1 and for the matters connected therewith or incidental thereto

Applicable for development of the terminal for operation stage for all the vessel plying in National Waterway

IWAI

New Inland Vessel Act, 2015 & Rules Under IV Act

Economical and safe transportation through inland waters

Applicable for development of the terminal for all the vessel plying in National Waterway

IWAI

3.2. International Best Practices & Guidelines

3.2.1. Operational Policies of World Bank

The project is being developed with the financial aid from World Bank. World Bank has

its operational policies, which safeguards the different environment and social

components. World Bank operational policies triggered for this project are listed in Table

3.3 below



Table 3.3: World Banks Operational Policies - Environmental & Social Safeguard

Name Key Requirement Applicability Remarks

OP 4.01 Environmental Assessment

Ensures sustainability and environmental feasibility of the project. Projects are classified into A, B & C category depending on the nature and extent of the impact.

Triggers Project classified as Category A considering nature of activities and impacts

OP 4.04 Natural habitats

Ensures conservation of natural habitats and discourages disturbance of nay natural habitat due to project development by recommending adoption of alternative method/route/approach or adopting management measures

Triggers Applicable for projects located in close vicinity to eco-sensitive zones like wildlife sanctuary, wetlands under Ramsar convention, national parks bird sanctuary, turtle breeding grounds etc. Kashi Turtle Sanctuary lies at 2.3 km at distance from d/s of the project site.

OP 4.36 Forests

Ensures that project activities does not disturbs/interfere with the forest, forest dwellers activities, fauna and flora of the forest. Prevents and discourages deforestation and impacts on rights of forest dependent people.

Triggers Neither diversion of forest land is involved nor any tree cutting is anticipated. However, tree cutting may be involved for access road. Permission will be required for felling any tree from forest department.

OP 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement

Ensures minimal involuntary resettlement by considering feasible alternatives project design, assisting displaced people to improve their former living standard.

Triggers Triggers for acquiring the private land.

OP 4.10 Indigenous people

Ensures protection of the dignity, right and cultural uniqueness of indigenous people and ensures they receive social and economic benefits

Not Triggers No indigenous group of people will be affected.



OP 4.11 Physical Cultural Resources

Ensures preservation of property of cultural and religious importance, heritage and property of natural importance and enhancement of cultural properties

Not Triggers No property of Cultural and religious importance, heritage and property of natural importance located at project site and within 300m from project site. Ramnagar fort is located at a distance of more than 2km in north direction from terminal site.

World Bank‟s operational policy 4.01 (OP 4.01) categorize the project into Category A, B

& C on the basis of nature and extent of the impacts anticipated from the project. Scope

of Environmental assessment studies depends on the category in which the project falls

and is defined below.

Category A - Projects with significant environmental impacts and requiring a full

Environmental Assessment (EA),

Category B - Projects with moderate environmental impacts and requiring a lesser

level of environmental assessment,

Category C - Projects which require no environmental analysis.

Proposed Project involves development of the multimodal inland water terminal at River

Ganga at Ramnagar, Varanasi. Project development will impact both the environment

and social component. Components to be impacted due to project development are

quality of life, terrestrial and aquatic ecology, air quality, water quality, economy of the

country, noise levels etc. Thus the project is classified as Category A and a detailed

environment assessment study has been undertaken for the project.

3.2.2. Relevant International Environmental Convention

3.2.2.1. International Maritime Organization Conventions

India is member state of the International Maritime Organization (IMO). All the vessels

plying in marine environment are bound to follow these conventions. These conventions

are aimed at ensuring environmental protection and safety of seamen. These guidelines

shall also be followed by vessels/barges plying in inland water bodies to the extent

possible. IMO Conventions/ Protocols relevant to the project are given in Annexure 2.1.

Conventions which majorly are in environmental context include MARPOL Convention

1973/78 & Ballast Water Management, 2004.

MARPOL Convention, 1973/78

The MARPOL Convention, an international convention is responsible for the preventing

pollution of the marine environment by operational or accidental discharges from the



ships. It is a combination of two treaties adopted in 1973 and 1978 respectively and

updated by amendments through the years.

This international convention was adopted in 1973 at International Maritime Organization

(IMO) and covered pollution by oil, chemicals, and harmful substances in packaged

form, sewage and garbage. The Protocol of 1978 relating to the 1973 International

Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (1978 MARPOL Protocol) was

adopted at a Conference on Tanker Safety and Pollution Prevention in February 1978

held in response to a spate of tanker accidents in 1976-1977. Measures relating to

tanker design and operation were also incorporated into a Protocol of 1978 relating to

the 1974 Convention on the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974.

The MARPOL Convention includes regulations that are aimed at preventing and

minimizing pollution from ships - both accidental pollution and that from routine

operations – The convention currently includes six technical annexes delineate below:

Annex I: Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Oil

Annex II: Regulations for the Control of Pollution by Noxious Liquid Substances

in Bulk

Annex III: Prevention of Pollution by Harmful Substances Carried by Sea in

Packaged Form

Annex IV: Prevention of Pollution by Sewage from Ships

Annex V: Prevention of Pollution by Garbage from Ships

Annex VI: Prevention of Air Pollution from Ships (entry into force 19 May 2005)

Ballast Water Management, 2004

Under this heading, IMOs‟ setup “International Convention for the Control and

Management of Ship‟s Ballast Water and Sediments, 2004” for preventing the

introduction of unwanted organisms and pathogens from ship‟s ballast water and

sediment discharges. This is aimed to arrest the potentially devastating effects of the

spread of harmful aquatic organisms carried by ballast water. This convention will

require all ships to implement a Ballast Water Management Plan (BWMP) and

delineates the standards for the Ballast Water Exchange (BWE) and Ballast Water

Performance (BWP) under BWMP.

3.2.2.2. United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Montego Bay,

(1982):

This Convention was adopted by India on 10th December 1982 at Montego Bay,

Jamaica. Main objectives of the convention are:



• To set up a comprehensive new legal regime for the sea and oceans, as

far as environmental provisions are concerned, to establish material rules

concerning environmental standards as well as enforcement provisions

dealing with pollution of the marine environment; and

• To establish basic environmental protection principals and rules on global

and regional cooperation, technical assistance, monitoring, and

environmental assessment, and adoption and enforcement of

international rules and standards and national legislation with respect to

all sources of marine pollution.

Thus the convention can be referred to understand the environmental protection principals and

procedures to minimize the environmental pollution due to movement of vessels/barges and

related operations

3.2.2.3. International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG-code)

The IMDG code relates to methods of safe transport of dangerous cargoes and related

activities. It sets out procedures for documentation, storage, segregation, packing,

marking and labelling of dangerous goods. This convention can also be referred to

understand the procedures followed by the vessels carrying the dangerous goods to

ensure safety and avoid spillage and accidents.

3.3. Environmental Standards & Guidelines

Project involves various activities, which may interfere with various environmental

components. Thus it is required to control those activities so as the concentration of

pollutant in environment shall not exceeds its assimilation capacity. CPCB has issued

some standards for disposal of effluents and quality of surface water body which should

be referred and adhered to with regards to prescribed discharge standards at any point

of time. India does not have any standard yet for disposal of dredged material, water

quality in and around harbour/ports/terminals, thus standards issued by other renowned

bodies are referred. Suggested list of standards are listed below and given in detail at

Annexure 2.2.

1. Standards for discharge of effluent in inland surface water bodies and Marine

Coastal Areas (Source: G.S.R 422 (E) dated 19.05.1993 and G.S.R 801 (E) dated

31.12.1993 issued under the provisions of E (P) Act 1986)

2. Classification of Surface water Bodies on basis of Quality (Source: Guidelines for

Water Quality Management-CPCB, 2008)

3. Water Quality Standards for Coastal Waters, SW-IV & V-Harbor and Navigation &

controlled waste disposal (EIA Guidance Manual for Ports & Harbours, MoEF, GoI)

4. Standards for permissible level of water quality indicators (Source: Assessment of

the Environment Impact of Port Development, United Nations, New York, 1992)

5. Permissible limit for off-shore dumping of dredged material (Source: Assessment of

the Environment Impact of Port Development, United Nations, New York, 1992)



6. Criteria for harmful bottom sediments (Source: Assessment of the Environment

Impact of Port Development, United Nations, New York, 1992)

7. Approximate Quantity of Suspended Sediments Generated by Dredging or Dumping

Operations (Source: Assessment of the Environment Impact of Port Development,

United Nations, New York, 1992).

3.3.1. Guideline, Standard and recommendations as published by

Environmental Committee of PIANC

PIANC- the World Association for Waterborne Transport Infrastructure is the forum

which provides expert advice on cost-effective, reliable and sustainable infrastructures to

facilitate the growth of waterborne transport. PIANC has published various guidelines for

ensuring the sustainable development of waterborne transport. Some of the guidelines

as applicable to the project are listed below. These guidelines can be referred to make

the Inland water transportation system sustainable and environmental friendly.

Dredging Management Practices for the Environment (WG 100-2009)

Dredging Material as a Resources (WG 104-2009)

Ecological and Engineering Guidelines for Wetland Restoration in relation

to the Development, Operation and Maintenance of Navigational

Infrastructure (WG 7-2003)

Management of Aquatic Disposal of dredged material (WG 1-1998)

Dredged Material Management Guide 1997.

Guidelines for sustainable Inland Waterways and Navigation WG 6-2003

.



4. PROJECT DESCRIPTION

4.1. Introduction

This chapter describes project‟s location, layout, features of the project, its capacity and

details of cargo and other material handling capacity, estimated cost of the project

including cost of EMP, schedule for implementation, etc.

4.2. Location, Access and Layout of the Project

The proposed multimodal inland water terminal (stage 1) is located at Ramnagar,

Varanasi District, Uttar Pradesh. At present, proposed project site is accessible through

existing kachha road which connects to NH-7 through village road (pakka). For

transportation of men and material during construction phase, a temporary access road

of 600 m is proposed to be used. The proposed terminal will be developed in area of

5.685 ha (mention exact area) as a multimodal facility with road and rail network

connection. In future, an approach road will connect the site to NH-7 for which land

measuring 0.592 ha will be acquired. Internal road of 12 m width will be developed within

the terminal to facilitate smooth internal movement. Nearest railway station is

Jeonathpur which is at 4.0 kms distance from terminal site in SE direction. Connectivity

will be made from proposed terminal to existing IR track and proposed DFC track in

future.. Nearest airport is Lal Bahadur Shastri Airport located at a distance of app. 30 km

in NW direction.

Site is not a part of any forest land or any eco-sensitive/notified area. Project site is

surrounded by open land. No forest land, national park, migratory route of birds is

present within 10 km radius of terminal site. Kashi Turtle Sanctuary is located in

downstream direction from terminal site and is located at 2.3 km towards in North

direction from terminal site. Ramnagar fort is located at distance of 2.0 km from terminal

site in north direction.

The layout of the proposed terminal is given in figure 4.1 below. Plan of general

arrangement & schematic diagram of Jetty (Middle level) is given in figure 4.2 and figure

4.3 below.

Stone pitching works

Stone pitching works shall be carried out at the site to protect the river bank from current

& waves. A length of 200m behind the jetty shall be protected by the stone pitching

works. Stability of the slopes shall be carried out in accordance with the Indian standards

& guidelines. Details of stone pitching works is given in figure 4.4.



4.3. Proposed Development

Facilities proposed at the site are 2 nos of berths for the cargo (100 m wide each),

loading & unloading bay, passenger jetty, Electrical sub-station (ESS), power back up

and sanitation facility.

Buildings

The following buildings cribbed ib Table 4.1 shall be constructed as part of Phase 1A:

Table 4.1: Details of building to be constructed

S. No.

Building Type Total Built up Area (Sqm)

1. Substation Building Single Storied Building 400 sqm

2. Toilet Block Single Storied Building 30 sqm

Pontoons

A steel pontoon deck of the size 20 m X 10 m shall be constructed at the location

Gangway

A gangway having walkway of 1.2 m width shall be provided to access the pontoon deck

from the shore.

Roads

Details of roads planned to be provided is given below in Table 4.2. Any culverts

required at the crossing of the drains and drainage system shall be provided.

Table 4.2: Details of Roads

Road Type

Overall Width

Carriageway Width

Width of Paved

Shoulders on either side of

Carriageway

Width of Treated

Shoulders on either side of Carriageway

Approximate length

Type R1

22 m 7.5 m 1 m 1 m 650 m

Type R2

12m 5 m 0.75 m 0.75 m 365 m

Resources and Utilities Demand for Off-Site Developments

Water supply



Water supply distribution system will be designed, installed and commissioned within the

project area including the supply of potable water to the buildings.

Power Requirement

Power requirement has been estimated to be 130 KV during construction phase. An

Electrical Sub-Station (ESS) and power back up system has been proposed for the

terminal.

Construction Materials Sourcing

Construction material will be sourced from nearest authorized & licensed quarry and

dealers

Drainage

During construction phase, temporary drainage and pumping facilities will be provided to

keep the adjoining areas of work site free from water logging and flooding. A drainage

system for carrying the storm water run-off from the port area will be designed and

provided. The design rainfall intensity shall be taken as 50 mm/hr for the purpose of

design of drainage system at site.

Design Vessel Sizes

The design vessel sizes range and characteristics to be considered for design of jetty is given in Table 4.3.:

Table 4.3 : Design Vessel Sizes

Jetty Type DWT LOA (m) Beam (m) Loaded Draft (m)

Multi Modal Jetty

Maximum Ship Size 2000 80 11 3.5

Minimum Ship Size 200 18 5 1.0

The design bed level at the Jetty shall be taken as +3.5 m.

Earthing and Lightning Protection System

The complete earthing system shall conform to the provisions of Indian Electricity Rules, and applicable code of practice for earthing IS: 3043. All non-conducting structures shall be provided with Lightning protection consisting of Air termination network at the top and down conductors as per IS:2309. All structures made of conducting material shall be protected by adequate earthing arrangements and air terminations at the top as per IS:2309. Conductors shall be Galvanized Iron (GI) of suitable size as per IS:2309. Buried lightning grid conductors of 75mm x 8mm size shall be provided for interconnection of the lightning earth pits around individual building. The same shall also be connected with the main plant earth grid at places through isolating link installed in Earth pits.



Lighting System

The nominal voltage of the distribution system shall be 3 phase 4 wire (415/240 ± 10% volts). All the equipment and materials shall be suitable for the system voltage. All materials and works shall comply with IS code of practices, Indian Electricity Rules and regulations. The lighting system of particular area whether indoor or outdoor shall be designed in such a way that uniform illumination is achieved. The type of lighting adopted shall provide adequate level of glare-free illumination, without creating undesirable shadows. Design of lighting layout shall be based on the minimum lighting intensities at the working plane and the type of luminaire specified in Table 4.4..

Table 4.4: Type of luminaires

Location Intensity of Illumination

Type of Luminaire

Substation/DG room/ Transformer Room / Pump House

200 Industrial type fluorescent fixture with SS reflector and 2x36 watt fluorescent lamp

High Mast 20 HPSV flood lighting fixtures on Raise / lowering high mast.

As required -- Fully vermin and weather proof integral street light fixture with die cast aluminium housing and 1 x 70 / 150 W HPSV lamp with integral control gear

Luminaires

All luminaires shall be of industrial/decorative type as specified. The number of different type of luminaires and their wattages shall be minimum consistent with the lighting requirements. While using discharge lamps, stroboscopic effect shall be minimized by various methods. All fluorescent fittings shall be of rapid start type and shall be so arranged that the power factor will be 90% or higher. All luminaries alongwith its terminal boxes shall have IP56 degree of enclosure protection for internal areas and IP65 degree of enclosure protection for external areas and battery room.

Emergency Lighting

For safety and protection of personnel and for shutdown of the equipment, battery operated lighting units shall be installed as a part of fixed wiring system. Battery operated lighting unit shall consist of compact fluorescent lamps. Sealed batteries, fully automatic solid state charger, transfer switch to automatically transfer from main supply to the battery and vice versa, fuses etc. shall also form part of the supply. The charger shall be capable of recharging fully in 12 hours. The incandescent fixtures shall be mounted on the box containing batteries and battery charger. The unit shall operate on 1 Ph 240 V 50 Hz.



Greenbelt Development

Green buffer should be developed all along the terminal site and also compensatory plantation should be carried out as per state forest policy. Tree planted should be of

native type.



Figure 4.1: Layout of Ramnagar Terminal, Stage 1



Figure 4.2: general arrangement of Jetty (Middle level), Ramnagar



Figure 4.3: Typical section of jetty, Ramnagar



Figure 4.4: Details of stone pitching works



4.4 Capacity and features of the project

The terminal (Stage 1) is projected to handle projected cargo as 3.5 MTPA till 2018, and 18.7 MTPA in 2038. Dead Weight Tonnage

(DWT) is estimated be 2000 MT The cargo will mostly comprise coal, building materials, agriculture inputs, food grains and flour,

Edible oil, Local Handloom Silk products and Over-Dimensional Cargo. The details of type of commodity, volume estimated

preliminary growth projections, preliminary Turnover Volume per day and required storage capacity in 2038 is given in table 4.1

Table 4.1: Type of commodity, volume estimated preliminary growth projections, preliminary Turnover Volume per day and required storage capacity

Commodit

y

Prese

nt

Volu

me

(lakh

tonne

s/yea

r)

Direction

Incomi

ng /

Outgoi

ng

Preliminary Projection of the

Percentage Diverted to IWT in 2018

Preliminary

Growth Projection

for 2028

Preliminary Growth

Projection for 2038

Preliminary

Turnover Volume

per day

Required Storage

Capacity in 2038

mini

mum

in %

minim

um in

lakh

tons/y

ear

maxim

um in

%

maxim

um in

lakh

tons/ye

ar

minim

um in

lakh

tons/y

ear

maximu

m in

lakh

tons/yea

r

minimum

in lakh

tons/year

maximum

in lakh

tons/year

minimu

m in

tons

maximu

m in

tons

minimu

m in

tons

maxim

um in

tons

Coal days 1

Coal

(domestic)

8

.4

upstream incomin

g

30 2.5 70 5.9 3.4 11.6 4.6 22.8 1247.0 6233.9 1247.0 6233.9

Coal

Imported

24.0

Building

Materials

days 20.0



Cement

Bags

0

.9

upstream

(predomin

antly) /

downstrea

m

outgoin

g

30 0.3 60 0.5 0.4 1.1 0.5 2.1 133.6 572.5 2672.1 11450.

0

Cement

Bags

2

.3

downstrea

m

outgoin

g

30 0.7 60 1.4 0.9 2.7 1.2 5.3 341.4 1463.1 6828.6 29261.

2

Stone

Chips

17 downstrea

m

outgoin

g

30 5.1 40 6.8 6.9 13.4 9.2 26.3 2523.6 7209.3 50472.1 144185

.5

Sand 1.8 downstrea

m

outgoin

g

40 0.7 60 1.1 1.0 2.1 1.3 4.2 356.3 1145.0 7125.5 22900.

1

Agricultur

al Inputs

days 30.0

Fertilizer 1

2.0

upstream incomin

g

20 2.4 50 6.0 3.2 11.8 4.3 23.2 1187.6 6361.1 35627.4 190833

.8

Fertilizer down

stream

23.2

Food

grains and

flour

days 20.0

Wheat

bagged

4

.2

upstream outgoin

g

20 0.8 50 2.1 1.1 4.1 1.5 8.1 415.7 2226.4 8313.1 44527.

9

Rice

bagged

3

.3

upstream outgoin

g

20 0.7 50 1.7 0.9 3.2 1.2 6.4 326.6 1749.3 6531.7 34986.

2



Flour

bagged

1

.8

upstream

(predomin

antly) /

downstrea

m

outgoin

g

20 0.4 60 1.1 0.5 2.1 0.7 4.2 178.1 1145.0 3562.7 22900.

1

Flour

bagged

6

.6

downstrea

m

outgoin

g

20 1.3 60 4.0 1.8 7.8 2.4 15.3 653.2 4198.3 13063.4 83966.

9

Edible Oil days 1.0

Crude

Vegetable

Oil

5

.4

upstream incomin

g

100 5.4 100 5.4 7.3 10.6 9.8 20.9 2672.1 5725.0 2672.1 5725.0

Local

Handloom

Silk

products

days 1.0

Varanasi

Sarees

1

.0

downstrea

m

outgoin

g

0 0.0 0 0.0 0.5 0.5 0.7 1.0 184.1 269.5 184.1 269.5

Varanasi

Carpets

1

.3

downstrea

m

outgoin

g

0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.5 137.0 137.0 137.0 137.0

Over-

Dimension

al Cargo

days 1.0

ODC 0

.004

upstream incomin

g

100 0.004 100 0.004 0.005 0.008 0.007 0.015 2.0 4.2 2.0 4.2

Totals 66.00

4

20.284 35.874 27.76 71.0695

88

37.80712 187.5046 10358.11 38439.6

26

138512.6

2

597381

.09

ESIA Report-Multimodal River Water Terminal at Ramnagar, Varanasi, U.P., India


In the phase 1A, the terminal shall handle about 4,000 to 5,000T per day which is expected to

grow to 3.5 MTPA by 2018. Material to be handled will be coal, cement, stone chips, and

fertilizer and food grains”.

4.5 Material handling and other Facilities

The project provides for loading & unloading bay, passenger jetty. The terminal will have 2

berths of 200 metres. Mobile cranes and oil tankers for edible oil are proposed. The terminal in

Stage -1 will not have provisions of stack yard for storage of goods, vessel repair/maintenance

facility, workshop for material handling and fuel supply.

An Electrical Sub-Station (ESS), power back up and sanitation facility are proposed. Power

requirement is estimated to be 130 KV in construction phase.

To prevent bank erosion, embankment protection all along the length of the terminal will also be

made through stone pitching measures.

The access to the site will be developed under phase 1 B connecting national highway 7. For

transportation of men and material during construction phase, a temporary access road of 600

m is proposed to be used.

4.7 Waste management

Provision of septic tank is proposed onsite. Excavated earth, C&D waste will be reutilized to the

extent possible or disposed of in designated dumping site of concerned municipal body/PWD or

the site identified for debris disposal. Waste generated will be segregated into recyclable,

compostable and inert waste. Recyclable waste will be sold off to authorized dealer,

compostable waste will be composted within the site and inert waste will be sent for disposal in

designated dumping site of concerned municipal body/PWD or the site identified for debris

disposal.

4.8 Other features

About 100 people are estimated to be employed in the project. Estimated project cost will be

about 206 crores. Construction is estimated to be completed in 3 years in EPC mode. No cutting

or filling is proposed on the site. Construction materials will be procured from local markets,

stone quarries, etc. 100 trucks are estimated to be deployed. Provision for tubewell has been

made.



5. : DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

(EVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL BASELINE)

5.1. Prelude

The environmental status around the proposed project site is analyzed for valued environmental

components viz., air, water, land, noise, soil, ecology and socio-economic in a 10 km radius

around the proposed project site. The baseline provides the basis for assessment of impact

(likely changes in the baseline conditions) described in Chapter 6.

The baseline environmental quality has been collected during the month of June 2015 within the

10 km radius of the proposed terminal site. The present EIA Report has been prepared based

on the primary field investigations / assessment, and secondary data collected from different

department and published in journals, books, public consultations and site observations. Data

on meteorology, air quality, water quality and soil quality has been refers from secondary

sources (Indian Meteorological Department, UPPCB, CPCB publications and other sources).

Map showing environment-monitoring locations are provided in Figure 5.1.

Figure 5.1: Map Showing Environmental Monitoring Locations

Terminal Site



5.2. Site Description and Its Environs

The study area within a 10 KM radius around the proposed Terminal site has been considered

for baseline and impact assessment. The project activity areas are considered as core area and

remaining study area as buffer zone. Environment setting of 10 km radius area around terminal

site is given in Figure 5.1. Environmental profile of area is provided in Table 5.1.

Table 5.1: Environmental Setting Items Features within 10 km radius

Location Near Ralhupr village, Ramnagar, Varanasi

Connectivity National Highway (NH-2 about 380 m, North)

State Highway (NH-7 about 700 m, East)

Co-ordinates (Terminal Sites)

Corner Latitude: Longitude

A 25°14'59.78"N 83°01'51.27" E

B 25°14' 59.98"N 83°01'57.62" E

C 25°15' 11.75"N 83°01'54.62" E

D 25°15'12.72"N 83°01'48.90" E

Site Elevation Mainly flat with elevation of 77 m amsl

Water Body Ganga River passes along the eastern side of the Terminal

Nearest Airport Babatpur Airport about 28 km in NW

Nearest Railway Station Jeonathpur about 4.0 km in SE

Seismic Zone Zone III

Forests / National Parks None within 10 km study area

Wildlife Sanctuary Kashi Turtle Sanctuary about 2.3 km in North

Archaeologically important places/monuments

Ramnagar Fort 2.0 km in North

Industries Ramnagar Industrial Area about 3.5 km ESE

Site Photographs



Ramnagar Industrial Area: The industrial area of Ramnagar was established in 1978. The

total area of Ramnagar Industrial area is 305.54 acres. Ramnagar industrial area is located

on National Highway (NH-2), about 15 km from Varanasi city and about 3.5 km ESE of the

proposed Ramnagar Terminal. The Ramnagar industrial area has infrastructure facilities

like 33/11 KVA power sub-station, telephone exchange, post-office, bank, supervisory

hostel and shops. Due to poor infrastructure and pathetic condition of power supply, many

industrialists shifted business to other states. At present, only 120 units of 232 industrial

plots allotted to industrialists in Ramnagar industrial area are functioning.

5.3. Geology, Topography & Drainage, Hydrology,

Hydrogeology

Geology & Seismicity

Throughout Varanasi, the geological setting is quite similar i.e near surface are sandy lenses

surrounded by clay-silty deposits. These sandy lenses form the shallow aquifers (25-40 m depth

below surface, Shukla et al., 2008) with unconfined condition, which is the main water supply of

most part of the city. The lateral length of these lenses can be up to some 1000 m. Below the

clay-silty layer lie fine-coarse sand deposits, which represent the deeper aquifer (60-70 m depth

below surface, Shukla et al., 2008).The map is shown in Figure 5.2. The seismic zoning map of

India shows four distinct seismic zones.

Zone - II: This is said to be the least active seismic zone. Zone - III: It is included in the moderate seismic zone. Zone - IV: This is considered to be the high seismic zone. Zone - V: It is the highest seismic zone.

The proposed Terminal site falls in Zone –III, which fall in moderate risk zone.



Figure 5.2 : Map Showing Plant Site & Seismic Zones .of India

Topography &Contour Map: Contour Map of the Study area showing site is shown in Figure

5.3. The range of elevation of this area varies from 55 – 95 m. The contours in Toposheet have

been digitized in the GIS environment and assigned the respective elevation values in meters

with reference to the mean sea level. Using the SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission)

data, the elevation values has been verified.

Proposed

Site



Figure 5.3 : Contour Map of Study Area

Digital Elevation Model (DEM): Based on the contour map, the Digital Elevation Model has

been prepared. The Nearest Neighbour method has been used to interpolate the elevation data

to develop the elevation model. This map gives clear picture that the eastern and western part

along the Ganga River having higher elevation. Center part of the area along the River has

lowest range of elevation. Digital Elevation Model for the area in 10 km radius from the

proposed site is shown in Figure 5.4.

Terminal Site



Figure 5.4 DEM of Study Area

Drainage: The study area, form a parts of Ganga river basin. The city of Varanasi is located in

the middle Ganges valley of North India, in the Eastern part of the state of Uttar Pradesh, along

the left crescent-shaped bank of the River Ganges. The river system consists of the mighty

Ganga highly revered by Hindus since ages. Varuna, Assi, Banganga, Chandra Prabha and

Karmnasa are tributaries of the Ganga, that drain the area. Being located in the Indo-Gangetic

Plains of North India, the land is very fertile because low level floods in the Ganges continually

replenish the soil. The drainage map of study area is given in Figure 5.5.

Terminal Site



Figure 5.5 Drainage Map of Study Area

Hydrology: Brief hydrological profile of river Ganga ha been described in the context of

Ramnagar Terminal. Bhagirathi is the source stream of Ganga. It emanates from Gangotri

Glacier at Gaumukh at an elevation of 3,892 m (12,770 feet). Many small streams comprise the

headwaters of Ganga. The Important among these are Alaknanda, Dhauliganga, Pindar,

Mandakini and Bhilangana. At Devprayag, where Alaknanda joins Bhagirathi, the river acquires

the name Ganga. It traverses a course of 2525 km before flowing into the Bay of Bengal. It has

a large number of tributaries joining it during this journey (Figure 5.6). In Uttarakhand, near

Tehri, a dam, has been built on Bhagirathi for hydropower generation resulting in regulated

additional water during the dry months. At Haridwar, Ganga opens to the Gangetic Plains,

where a barrage diverts a large quantity of its waters into the Upper Ganga Canal, to provide

water for irrigation. At Bijnore, another barrage diverts water into the Madhya Ganga Canal but

only during monsoon months. At Narora, there is further diversion of water into the Lower

Ganga Canal. Further down, River Ramganga joins Ganga near Kannauj, adding additional

water to the river. Yamuna confluences Ganga at the Sangam in Allahabad, making a major

contribution to the river flow. Beyond Allahabad, Ganga is joined by several tributaries, most of

which are from the north and a few from the south. In the stretch between Allahabad in U.P. and

Malda in West Bengal, Ganga, therefore, has considerable flow. The Farakka barrage in West

Terminal Site



Bengal regulates the flow of the river, diverting some of the water into a feeder canal linking

Hooghly to keep it relatively silt-free. Downstream of this barrage, River Ganga splits into two,

Bhagirathi (Hooghly) on the right and Padma on the left. Bhagirathi (Hooghly) meets the Bay of

Bengal about 150 km downstream of Kolkata. Padma enters Bangladesh and meets river

Brahmputra and Meghna before finally joining the Bay of Bengal. The main tributaries of the

Ganga river network (and some important flow and water quality measuring stations of CWC)

are shown in the line diagram Given in Figure 5.6.

Ramnagar Terminal fall in Varanasi district. Figure 5.6 indicates that Yamuna river contributes

to the flow of Ganga in a major way upstream, while river Gomti & Tons contribute to the flow

downstream of proposed terminal. Annual, dry & wet season flow contribution to Ganga

upstream and downstream of proposed terminal is shown in Figure 5.7, Figure 5.8 and Figure

5.9. Preliminary engineering assessment of flow conditions obtained from engineering

consultants indicate that adequate depth may be available at Ramnagar terminal.



Figure 5.6: Line Diagram of Ganga River Network (with major dams/ barrages, canals, and flow and water quality measuring stations).

Figure 5.7: Annual Flow Contributions of Different Tributaries (sub-basins) to National

River Ganga under Present Flow Conditions and under Virgin Flow Conditions

Figure 5.8: Wet Season Flow Contributions of Different Tributaries (sub-basins) to

National River Ganga under Present Flow Conditions and under Virgin Flow Conditions



Figure 5.9: Dry Season Flow Contributions of Different Tributaries (sub-basins) to National River Ganga under Present Flow Conditions and under Virgin Flow Conditions Hydro-Geology

In the study aream subsurface stratigraphy is dominated by laterally persistent multi-storied

sand bodies capped by thick muddy succession near the top. The alternating sand and clay

layers have created a multi-tiered aquifer system. General slope of the water-table is from north

to south in Varanasi environs. The general water-table elevations (MSL) indicate that the Ganga

and Varuna rivers being deeply incised are gaining rivers. It is observed that some perched

water-table zones are also present where water level is very shallow. In the western part of

Varanasi city, water level is deep as compared to eastern part of the city. The shallow bore

wells (hand pumps) and dug wells puncturing unconfined aquifers at about 25–40 m depth have

water-level fluctuations from 8.51 m to 11.25 m. Such unconfined aquifers are made up of

recycled interfluves silt and silty sand forming lensoid units capped by relatively thin and

impersistent mud layers showing calcrete development. The deep wells penetrating below 60–

70 m have enormous yield of 45,000 lph to 220,500 lph. Good quality potable water is available

from coarse grained deep sandy aquifers. These aquifers are made up of craton derived pink

arkosic sand (sediment package 1) or the mixture sedimentary package 1 and 2 (Himalayan

gray sand). Because of thick cover of fine-grained material (sediment package 3) near the top,

these aquifers occur in semi-confined to confined conditions. Differential erosion of the sand

horizons by succeeding channel events within a sedimentary package may promote to semi-

confined conditions of the aquifers. The total thickness of the good water yielding sand strata

varies from 20 to 80 m or more in tube wells occurring at an average depth of about 100 m.

Because of intensive pumping of water due to fast urbanization, the water level in Varanasi

shows a lowering trend. The average fall of ground water level in last fifteen years is about 1.43

m (Sinha 2003). In general, the ground water of Varanasi city is of good quality.

5.4. Meteorology

Historical meteorological data were obtained from climatological tables pertaining to nearest

representative IMD station located at Varanasi and is presented in Table 5.3.

Table 5.3: Meteorological Conditions of Varanasi (30 years average)

Month Temperature (deg C) daily

Relative Humidity, %

Rainfall Wind speed

Pre-

dominant

wind

direction

Cloud

cover

Calm period

%

Max Min Max Min In mm Kmph From Octas Day Night

January 23.2 9.2 77 53 17.7 3.4 W, NW 2.2 35 41

February 26.4 11.6 67 42 17.1 4.3 W, NW 2.0 29 24

March 32.8 16.4 51 29 9.3 5.0 W, NW 1.8 21 17

April 38.5 22.1 42 25 5.4 5.4 W, NW 1.6 20 15

May 40.4 25.5 49 29 13.2 5.7 W,NW 1.8 17 16

June 38.5 27.2 62 47 91.3 5.7 W, NW 4.3 19 21

July 33.7 25.8 81 72 309.3 5.8 W, E, NE 6.6 24 30



August 32.9 25.4 84 76 286.5 5.0 W, E, NE 6.5 26 31

September

32.9 24.4 81 72 203.5 4.8 W, E 5.0 25 36

October 32.8 20.5 72 59 27.3 3.0 W, NW 2.0 34 43

November

29.5 14.3 68 54 13.8 2.3 W, NW 1.4 44 66

December

24.7 9.9 75 55 5.9 3.0 W, NW 1.7 36 54

(Source-IMD Varanasi)

The meteorological parameters play a vital role in transport and dispersion of pollutants in the

atmosphere.

Temperature – December and January constitutes winter months with daily mean minimum

temperature around 9.2oC and daily mean maximum temperature around 24.7oC. May is the

hottest month with daily mean maximum temperature around 40.4oC and daily mean minimum

temperature around 25.5oC.

Relative Humidity – The air is generally dry in the region except during monsoon. April and

May are driest with relative humidity between 25-49%. The maximum humidity during rainy

season is 84% and minimum was 72%. High humidity is found during daytime and low humidity

values during nighttime in all the months.

Rainfall – The annual total rainfall is 1000.3 mm. Over 80% of the total annual rainfall is

received during the monsoon period between June to September.

Wind Pattern

Wind Speed– The wind speed ranges between 2.3 – 5.8 km/hour for all the months. The wind

speed during summer season ranges between 5.0 - 5.7 km/hr while during rainy season, ranges

between 5.0–5.8 km/hr and in winter months wind speed ranges between 2.3 - 3.4 km/hr.

Wind Direction – The predominant wind direction during winter and summer season is from west

and Northwest direction. During Monsoon season the wind flows from West, NE and east

direction. Wind rose diagram is presented in Figure 5.6.

Special Weather Phenomena: The occurrence of thunderstorm is 21 days per year, mostly

spread across the months of June to September. On an annual average basis, 105 days have

visibility in the range of 1 - 4 km, 219 days have visibility in the range of 4 -10 km, 32 days

between 10 - 20 km and 1 days have visibility above 20 km. No thunderstorm or dust storm

occurred during the study period.



Figure 5.6: Wind rose Diagram of IMD Varanasi (Summer Season)

Source: IMD Varanasi

5.5. Ambient Air Quality

CPCB guideline followed for selecting the appropriateness of monitoring locations. The location

and height of the stations were so selected (>5 m from base) to avoid the capture of re-

suspended road dust and fugitive domestic emissions. Ambient air quality monitoring was done

at six locations within the study area during 20th June 2015 to 5th July 2015. All the ambient air

analysis with respect to each parameter were analyzed as per CPCB guidelines. The AAQ

monitoring locations are provided in Table 5.5 and Figure 5.2. The Ambient Air Quality results

are presented in Table 5.6. Historical AAQ data of two monitoring location in Varanasi for period

March 2015 were also obtained from UPSPCB. AAQ Results of UPPCB monitoring locations is

presented in Table 5.7. Photographs of AAQ monitoring provided in Figure 5.7.



Table 5.5: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations

Location Code

Name of Location

Distance & Direction from site

Characterstics/Terrain Features Coordinates

AAQ-1 Ralhupur 0.7 km N

Rural, flat terrain, Vehicular movements are usually of small private vehicle (Two and four-wheelers) close to the terminal site. Access road passes through this village.

25°15'31.46" N 83°01'55.59" E

AAQ-2 Tahirpur 1.2 km SE

Rural, flat terrain, Vehicular movements are usually of small private vehicle (Two and four-wheelers) located in downwind direction

25°14'45.77" N 83°02'34.29" E

AAQ-3 Bhitti 1.4 km NE

Rural, flat terrain, located close to NH-7, Small private vehicle movement. surrounded by agriculture, downwind direction.

25°15'38.83" N 83°02'34.29" E

AAQ-4 Madarwa 2.4 km NW Semi Urban, flat terrain, moderate traffic movement. located in upwind direction.

25°15'38.77" N 83°01'12.28" E

AAQ-5 Ramnagar 2.8 km NNE

Urban/commercial, populated area, flat terrain. Due to presence of restaurants and Shops it always remains crowded. NH-7 passes through the town (Heavy Traffic Movement).

25°16'48.19" N 83°01'48.12" E

AAQ-6 Milkipur 0.6 km SE Rural, flat terrain, surrounded by agriculture, downwind direction

25°16'48.19" N 83°01'48.12" E

UPPCB AAQ Monitoring Location

AAQ-1 Sigra 8.0 km NW Mixed use NA

AAQ-2 Jawahar Nagar

6.17 km NW Mixed use NA

Table 5.6: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results (24-hour average)

Location PM2.5, g/m3 PM10 (g/m3)

Min Max Mean Min Max Mean

Ralhupur 21 42 36 54 86 76

Tahirpur 22 45 38 58 90 78

Bhitti 20 48 37 53 88 74

Madarwa 25 50 41 61 96 84



Ramnagar 34 58 48 82 145 112

Milkipur 22 42 35 54 90 77

Source: EQMS

Location SO2, g/m3 NO2, g/m3

CO(mg/m3) 8 hour average

Min Max Mean Min Max Mean Avg.

Ralhupur 13.4 19.6 17.4 17.4 28.9 24.6 0.25

Tahirpur 14.3 21.6 18.6 18.2 31.6 26.3 0.26

Bhitti 15.2 24.4 19.6 17.8 30.2 25.6 0.30

Madarwa 14.4 23.8 18.8 18.4 32.4 27.2 0.28

Ramnagar 20.4 35.6 27.8 26.8 46.8 36.8 0.69

Milkipur 13.7 20.6 18.4 21.4 29.6 24.3 0.28

Source: EQMS

Table 5.7 Ambient Air Quality of Varanasi (March 2015)

Location Date PM10 g/m3 So2, g/m3 No2 g/m3

24hr Avg. 24hr Avg. 24hr Avg.

Jawahar Nagar Varanasi

2-3-2015 147.46 18.39 32.47

9-3-2015 146.49 18.83 32.89

12-3-2015 147.42 19.29 33.15

16-3-2015 146.10 18.81 33.28

19-3-2015 146.65 18.66 33.50

23-3-2015 143.99 18.77 32.90

26-3-2015 147.46 19.19 33.35

30-3-2015 146.49 19.32 32.93

Source: UPSPCB, Varanasi

Location Date PM10 g/m3 So2, g/m3 No2 g/m3

24hr Avg. 24hr Avg. 24hr Avg.

Sigra Varanasi

10-3-2015 144.90 19.92 33.10

13-3-2015 143.25 19.29 33.21

17-3-2015 140.95 19.96 32.24

20-3-2015 139.51 19.61 32.11

24-3-2015 144.05 18.51 32.15



27-3-2015 139.79 19.18 32.68

31-3-2015 141.49 19.02 32.13

Source: UPSPCB, Varanasi

5.5.1. Analysis of Ambient Air Quality

Particulate Matter (PM10)

Particulate Matter PM10 within study area varies from 53 to 145 µg/m3. Value of PM10 in all

location except Ramnagar is within the specified limit as per NAAQS. Highest level of PM10

i.e.145 µg/m3 is observed at Ramnagar area due to Heavy Traffic movement along the SH-7.

Particulate Matter (PM2.5)

PM2.5 levels were found ranging from 20 to 58 µg/m3. Value of PM2.5 is within the specified limits

as per NAAQS but high in Ramnagar site. The highest PM2.5 levels i.e. 58 µg/m3 were found at

Ramnagar area due to Heavy Traffic movement along the SH-7.

Sulphur Dioxide (SO2):

SO2 levels were found ranging from 13.4 to 35.6 µg/m3, which is found quite below the national

Ambient Air Quality Standard. The highest levels of SO2 were found at Ramanagr area. The

main source of SO2 emission is from vehicular pollution.

Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx):

NOx levels were found ranging from 17.4 to 46.8 µg/m3, which is found quite below the national

Ambient Air Quality Standard. The highest levels of NOx were found at Ramnagar Area. The

main source of SO2 emission is from vehicular pollution.

Carbon Monoxide (CO)

CO concentration ranges from 250 μg/m3 to 690 μg/m3. Higher concentration were observed at Ramnagar area.

Overall the ambient air quality of the study area is meeting the prescribed National Ambient Air

Quality Standard at all locations except Ramnagar, where the RSPM values are high in terms of

NAAQS. This is mainly due to the heavy traffic load on SH-7 and other commercial and

industrial activities in Ramnagar area.

Air Quality of Varanasi: The historical data of Varanasi shows that the concentration of the

particulate matter in the Varanasi city is exceeding the NAAQS. That is mainly due to the heavy

traffic movement in the city area. SO2 and NOx concentration is well within the National

Ambient Air Quality standard.



Figure 5.7 : Photographs of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring

5.6. Ambient Noise Quality

Ambient noise measurements were taken at 8 locations. Measurements were noted at an

interval of 5 seconds over a period of 10 minutes per hour for 24-hours. Noise monitoring results

for daytime and night time is presented in Table 5.8.

Table 5.8 : Ambient Noise Quality in Study Area

Location Name

Category Day time Leq dB(A)

Standard Day time Leq; dB(A)

Night time Leq; dB(A)

Standard Night time Leq; dB(A)

Terminal Site Industrial 43.5 75 40.2 65

Ramnagar (NH-7)

Commercial 64.5 65 54.8 55

Ralhupur Residential 45.8 55 41.3 45



Tahirpur Residential 46.5 55 42.0 45

Bhitti Residential 46.8 55 42.5 45

Madarwa Residential 48.8 55 43.0 45

Sultanpur

(Mauaza Rastapur)

Residential 47.3 55 42.9 45

Milkipur Residential 46.4 55 42.5 45

(Source: EIA Team)

5.6.1. Analysis of Ambient Noise Quality

The ambient noise quality of the study area is meeting the prescribed National Ambient Noise

Quality Standard for respective residential and commercial category at all locations.

5.7. Traffic Assessment & Site Connectivity

The proposed Ramnagr Terminal is connected through NH-7 via a village road up to the

Ralhupur village. This village road is puckka up to the Ralhupur village. From Ralhupur village to

terminal site about 700 m stretch that connect terminal site to Rahlupur village need to be some

levelling and widening. This village road is approx. 3 m wide. Only the villagers of the Ralhupur

use this road for communication hence the traffic density on this road is very low. Two wheelers

and fourwheeler used by the villagers are the major vehicle counts on this road.

5.8. Surface and Ground Water Quality

Six ground water samples and three surface water samples were collected from different

locations during study period by following standard protocol. The water samples were examined

for physico-chemical parameters and bacteriological parameters. The samples were collected

and analysed as per the procedures specified in Standard Methods. Samples for chemical

analyses were collected in polyethylene carboys. Samples for bacteriological analyses were

collected in sterilized bottles. Surface water sample were analyzed for various parameters and

assessed using the CPCB‟s BDU Criteria. The name of sampling locations is presented in

Table 5.9. The analysis results of surface water and groundwater are presented in Table 5.10

and Table 5.11. Photographs of water sampling provided in Figure 5.8.

Table 5.9 Name of Water Sampling Locations

S.No. Ground Water Sampling Locations

Code Location Source

1 GW1 Terminal Site Borewell

2 GW2 Milkipur Handpump

3 GW3 Ralhupur Handpump

4 GW4 Tahirpur Handpump

5 GW5 Bhitti Handpump

6 GW6 Madarwa Handpump

Surface Water Sampling Locations



9 SW1 Gurha Nala Nala

10 SW2 Ganga River upstream of Gurha Nala River

11 SW3 Ganga River downstream of Gurha Nala River

Table 5.10: Surface Water Quality

Source: (Water analysis by MMITGM) Note All values in mg/l except pH

Table 5.11: Ground Water Quality

S.No. Parameters GW-1 GW-2 GW-3 Method

1 pH 7.40 7.14 7.17 APHA-4500

2 Turbidity (NTU) 0.5 0.5 0.6 APHA-2030B

3 Conductivity, mhos/cm 462 490 575 APHA-4500

4 Suspended solids 2 3 4 APHA-2540D

5 Dissolved solids 318 253 274 APHA-2540B

6 Total Hardness as CaCO3 272 212 220 APHA-2340C

7 Chloride as Cl 14 7 10 APHA-4500B

8 Sulphates as SO4 15 13 29 APHA-4500E

9 Nitrates as NO3 0.95 0.07 0.08 APHA-4500

10 Fluoride as F 0.40 0.03 0.31 APHA-4500D

11 Iron as Fe 0.12 0.020 0.11 APHA-3111B

12 Zinc as Zn 1.0 1.0 0.9 APHA-3111B

13 Calcium as Ca 32 39 35 APHA-3500B

14 Magnesium as Mg 47 27 32 APHA-3500B

15 Cadmium as Cd <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 APHA-3111B

16 Copper as Cu <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 APHA-3111B

17 Nickel as Ni <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 APHA-3111B

18 Lead as Pb <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 APHA-3111B

19 Mercury as Hg <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 APHA-3112

20 Chromium (Total as Cr) <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 APHA-3111B

21 Arsenic as As <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 APHA-3114

22 Oil and Grease Nil Nil Nil APHA-4500D

23 Total coliform MPN/100ml Nil Nil Nil APHA-9230B

Source: (Analysis Report by Kamal Laboratory) Note All values in mg/l except pH

Table 5.11 : continue… Ground Water Quality

Sl.No. Parameters Ganga River upstream of Gurha Nala

Ganga River downstream of Gurha Nala

Gurha Nala

1 pH 7.46 7.45 4.00

2 Conductivity, mhos/cm 509 499 426

3 Total Dissolved Solids (mg/liter) 339 335 277

4 Dissolved Oxygen (mg/liter) 7.43 6.85 4.0

5 Bio-chamical Oxygen demand (for 3 days at 270C) (mg/liter)

7.8 8.4 36

7 Fecal Coliform MPN/100 ml) 12300 15400 27200



S. No.

Parameters GW-4 GW-5 GW-6 Method

1 pH 7.25 7.50 7.40 APHA-4500

2 Turbidity (NTU) 0.8 1.8 1.6 APHA-2030B

3 Conductivity, mhos/cm 887 493 711 APHA-4500

4 Suspended solids 4 4 4 APHA-2540D

5 Dissolved solids 501 316 440 APHA-2540B

6 Total Hardness as CaCO3 284 172 312 APHA-2340C

7 Chloride as Cl 50 16 68 APHA-4500B

8 Sulphates as SO4 35 5.0 46 APHA-4500E

9 Nitrates as NO3 0.75 0.7 0.6 APHA-4500

10 Fluoride as F 0.64 0.34 0.13 APHA-4500D

11 Iron as Fe 0.012 0.12 0.12 APHA-3111B

12 Zinc as Zn 1.1 0.9 0.8 APHA-3111B

13 Calcium as Ca 37 44 50 APHA-3500B

14 Magnesium as Mg 47 12.2 46 APHA-3500B

15 Cadmium as Cd <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 APHA-3111B

16 Copper as Cu <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 APHA-3111B

17 Nickel as Ni <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 APHA-3111B

18 Lead as Pb <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 APHA-3111B

19 Mercury as Hg <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 APHA-3112

20 Chromium (Total as Cr) <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 APHA-3111B

21 Arsenic as As <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 APHA-3114

22 Oil and Grease Nil Nil Nil APHA-4500D

23 Total coliform MPN/100ml Nil Nil Nil APHA-9230B

Source: (Analysis Report by Kamal Laboratory) Note All values in mg/l except pH

Observation on Ground Water Quality: The pH value of ground water samples at all locations

varies from 7.14 – 7.50 and are within permissible limit. The conductivity values were found to

be in the range of 462 – 887 μmhos/cm. The chloride level was found to vary from 7 – 68 mg/l

within permissible limit. The total hardness values were found to vary from 172 – 284 mg/l;

within permissible limit. Calcium and Magnesium values were within the permissible limit. Zinc

and Fe levels were found to be within the permissible limit. All the parameters in ground water

sample were well within the permissible limit of Indian Standard IS: 10500-2012.

Average values of pH and DO in Ganga river in both the sampling location comply with the BDU

Criteria of CPCB. BOD does not comply with the standards at both the locations. An increasing

trend of BOD is observed in d/s of the river due to contamination. Faecal Coliform are observed

higher than the criteria at both the locations. Water quality of Graha nala is not meeting the BDU

Criteria of CPCB and overall the water quality of the Gurha nalla is polluted.



Figure 5.8 : Photographs of Water Sampling

5.9. Soil Quality

Six soil samples were collected from agriculture fields and physico-chemical characteristics

were analysed. At each location, soil samples were collected from three different depths; 1-5

cm, 10-20 cm and 40-50 cm below the surface. The samples were homogenized and the

quantity was reduced using the coning and quartering method. The soil sampling location and

analysis results of soil samples are presented in Table 5.12 and 5.13.

Table 5.12: Soil Sampling Locations

Sr. No. Location Code Location Source Coordinates

1 S-1 Terminal site Site 25°15'06.72"N 83°01'52.83" E

2 S-2 Ralhupur Agricultural field 25°15'31.43"N 83°01'55.54" E

3 S-3 Tahirpur Agricultural field 25°14'45.70" N



83°02'34.30" E

4 S-4 Bhitti Agricultural field 25°15'38.80" N 83°02'34.32" E

5 S-5 Madarwa Agricultural field 25°15'38.72"N 83°01'12.25" E

6 S-6 Sultanpur Mauaza

Rastapur Agricultural field

25°15'39.05"N 83°02'12.49" E

Table 5.13: Physicochemical Characteristics of Soil

S. No.

Parameter

Unit

Sampling Locations

S-1 S-2 S-3 S-4 S-5 S-6

Physical Characteristics

1. Texture - Clay Loam

Sandy Loam

Sandy Loam

Clay Loam

Sandy Loam

Sandy Loam

2. Particle Size Distribution

i) Sand % 29 52 50 26 49 46

ii) Silt % 25 28 28 33 21 34

iii) Clay % 46 20 22 41 30 20

3. Porosity % 50.9 51.7 48.3 53.2 50.2 47.9

4. Bulk Density gm/cc 1.30 1.28 1.37 1.24 1.32 1.38

5. Water Holding Capacity

% 36 28 26 33 28 25

Chemical Characteristics

6. pH 20% Slurry

7.4 7.2 7.5 6.9 7.7 7.5

7. EC ds/m-1 0.36 0.40 0.37 0.32 0.30 0.34

8. CEC meq/100-gm

18 10 8 24 7 9

9. Available Nutrients

i) Nitrogen as N kg/ha 280.2 346.8 313.2 363.4 294.8 336.4

ii) Phosphorus as P kg/ha 16.2 11.5 13.8 14.2 15.5 12.9

iii) Potassium as K kg/ha 168.8 220.2 184.3 245.7 212.4 206.5

10. Organic Matter % 0.90 0.83 0.78 0.86 0.88 0.76

11. Organic Carbon % 0.52 0.48 0.45 0.50 0.51 0.44 Source: (Analysis Report by Kamal Laboratory)

Rating Chart for Soil Classification

S. No.

Test Parameters Classification

1 pH pH<4.5 Extremely Acidic 4.5-5.0 Very Strongly Acidic 5.1-5.5 Strongly Acidic 5.6-6.0 Moderately Acidic 6.1-6.5 Slightly Acidic 6.6-7.3 Neutral 7.4-7.8 Slightly Alkaline



7.9-8.4 Moderately Alkaline 8.5-9.0 Strongly Alkaline

2 Salinity Electrical Conductivity (µS/cm)

Up to 1.00 Average 1.01-2.00 Harmful to Germination 2.01-3.00 Harmful to Crops (Sensitive to Salts)

3 Organic Carbon % Low (below 0.50 %), Medium (0.50-0.75 %) and high (above 0.75 %)

4 Nitrogen, kg/ha low (<280-kg/ha-1), medium (280 to 560-kg/ha-1) and high (>560-kg/ha-1)

5 Phosphorus, kg/ha low (<10-kg/ha-1), medium (10 to 25-kg/ha-1) and high (>25-kg/ha-1)

6 Potassium, kg/ha low (<108-kg/ha-1), medium (108 to 280-kg/ha-1) and high (>280-kg/ha-1)

Source: Soil Survey Manual (IARI, 1970)

Observation on Soil Quality: pH of the soil samples ranges from 6.9 to 7.7 indicating the soils

are neutral to slightly alkaline in nature. Texturally, the soils of study area are observed as

Sandy Loam, & Clay Loam Soils. The organic Carbon content of soil ranges from 0.44 to 0.52 %

(as 0.76 to 0.90% Organic Matter), thereby implying that soils are medium in organic content.

Available Nitrogen content in the surface soils ranges between 193.4 to 262.8-kg/ha. Available

Phosphorus content ranges between 11.5 & 16.2-kg/ha. Available potassium content in these

soils ranges between 168.8 to 245.7-kg/ha. Overall the soil of the study area is moderately

fertile.

5.10. Land Use

Remote sensing data provides reliable accurate baseline information for land use mapping, as it

is a rapid method of acquiring up-to-date information of over a large geological area.

A systematic digital image interpretation approach was used to delineate the land use classes.

The present study was focused on demarcating boundaries of different land use/land cover

units from an analysis of different types of colour registrations of land use/land cover units from

satellite imagery.

Data used in the land use map preparation is the satellite Imagery of Indian Remote Sensing

Satellite (IRS- ID, sensor P6, LISS III) of 24 m resolution. The Swath of the imagery is 141 Km x

141 Km. Band used are 2, 3 4 and 5. LANDSAT imagery of 30-meter resolution and 185 x 185

km swath is also used for the comparative and overall analysis of the area. LISS III imagery and

LANDSAT 4-5 TM imagery were used for the complete coverage of the study area. Band used

are 2, 3 and 4.

As per the land use based on satellite image, about 57.87% of the land is under cultivation.

About 29.85% of the land is under settlement, about 6.2% land is under water bodies and rest of

the land is under other uses. Land use / land cover map of 10 km study area has been show in

Figure 5.9 and Table 5.14.



Table 5.14 : Land use of the Study Area

Sl. No. Land use Category Area( Sq km) Area in %

1 Agricultural land 182.20 57.87

2 Settlement 93.96 29.85

3 Waterbody 19.52 6.20

4 Vegetation 10.96 3.48

5 Open land 3.41 1.08

6 Dry river bed 4.76 1.51

Total 314.81 100

(Source: EQMS)

Figure 5.9 Land use/ Land Cover Map of Study Area



5.11. Biological Environment

5.11.1. Flora

Flora refers to a systematic account of plants of any specific area and it provides keys and

descriptions of plants for their identification. Although, the primary aim of a flora is identification

of plant species, it also provides other useful data on plants such as their local / vernacular

names, distribution, correct names, uses, etc. The baseline ecological surveys were carried out,

based on various secondary sources (Forest Department Data, Scientific Studies and previous

similar studies) which are further validated from through field observations and interaction with

local people. Present biological assessment was carried out for core zone (at the economic

zone site and offsite facilities areas) and buffer zone (10 km surrounding the core zone area).

Core Zone –Ecological assessment (Terminal site)

The proposed site is devoid of any major plantation. Some agriculture activities were taken up

by nearby villagers within the land in the past but these activities have been discontinued now.

Now the land is categorized as current fallow land. There are about 12 small trees of Khajur

(Phoenix sylvestris) and 8 trees of Babool shrubs (Acacia spp.), which are present in the

identified land. Photographs of vegetation at site shown in Figure 5.10.

Figure 5.10 Vegetation at Site



Access Road to Terminal site

The proposed Ramnagr Terminal is connected through NH-7 via a village road up to the

Ralhupur village. This village road is puckka up to the Ralhupur village. Houses and shops also

exist along this village road. From Ralhupur village to terminal site about 700 m stretch that

connect terminal site to Rahlupur village need to be some leveling and widening.

Trees along the 700 m stretch: There are very few trees present in this road. Trees of Jamun,

Peepal, Pakad, Babul, Khajur and Sisham etc are present on both side of this 700 m stretch of

the road. The access road (700 m stretch that have to develop) is almost clear, only two to three

trees of Jamun, is present along the road alignment that may be removed. Small shrub of Babul

(Acacia spp.) and Khajur is also present on the acess road that needs to remove for passes.

One big Pakad tree is present along the acess road, which requires some chopping for clearing

the passes. The Type of Vegetation along approach Road is shown in Figure 5.11.

Figure 5.11: Type of Vegetation along approach Road

Buffer Zone –Ecological assessment

Buffer area of 10 km has been considered for studying the ecology around the p roject site.

Study area has terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem. The Ganga river is the main water body for

aquatic ecosystem in the study area. The river system of the area is rich in aquatic flora and

fauna. Substantial fishing and boating activities are also carried out in Ganga River.

Varanasi constitutes the representative part of the upper Gangetic plain of eastern Uttar

Pradesh. There is no forest present within the 10 km area of the study site. The vegetation

point of view the study area can be divided in to following two parts.

1. Urban area

2. Vegetation in BHU

3. Cultivated area



1. Urban Area: maximum part of the study area is in west, north and northeast side is

under the settlement. Most of the land is under urban development and vegetation is

restricted to road side only.

2. Vegetation in BHU: The entire campus of Banaras Hindu University (area 1300 acres)

is floristically very rich. It comprises of many plants of the eastern Uttar Pradesh. The

campus has huge Botanical and Ayurvedic gardens where plants of different regions of

India have been planted. The ground flora of these gardens are quite rich as a result of

favourable moisture conditions, high humidity and high humus conditions. A large

number of medicinal plants are also planted in the Ayurvedic garden. The University has

its own agriculture farm from where crop field weeds of different season may be

collected. The campus has many roadside trees. The avenues of trees and green plants

give a resort like atmosphere to the campus. Several weeds grow in different seasons

along these roads. It has many ponds and ditches which provide favourable conditions

for growth for many hydrophytes. Besides, there are many climbers and cultivated plants

in different lawns of the campus.

3. Rural area: Eastern and south-eastern part of the study area is rural and agricultural

activities are practiced. In this part of the study area, most of the land is under

cultivation. Further, the vegetation is sparse, which include timber, fruit, ornamental trees

and shrubs. Vegetation is restricted along the road side, agriculture field, along the pond

side and other open areas. The most characteristic tree is Accasia arabica, Bombax

ceiba, Dalbergia sissoo, Delbergia sisoo, Azdirachta indica, Mangifera indica, Ficus

benghalensis, Ficus religiosa and accacia spp are common. Ground vegetation covered

by dominant shrubs and herbs is Argemone mexicana, Vitex negundo, Chirchitta,

Xanthium strumarium Ipomea spp. Sida cardifolia, Zizyphus mauritiana, Achyranthus

aspera, Cyanodon dactylon, etc.

The list of the plant species observed in the study area is given Table 5.15

Table 5.15 : List of Common Plant Species Present in Study Area

Sl. No. Botanical Name Vernacular Name Family

1. Acacia auriculiformis A.Cunn. Australian Babool Mimosaceae

2. A.catechu Willd. Kattha, khair Mimosaceae

3. A.nilotica Linn. Babool Mimosaceae

4. Aegle marmelos (Linn.) Correa Bel, Shreephal Rutaceae

5. Albizia lebbeck Linn. Siris Mimosaceae

6. A.procera Roxb. Safed siris Mimosaceae

7. Annona squamosa Linn. Sharifa Annonaceae

8. Anogeissus pardula Edgew. Dhav Combretaceae

9. Anthocephalus chinensis (Lam.) A.Rich. Kadamb Rubiaceae

10. Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. Kathar Moraceae

11. Azadirachta indica Juss. Neem Meliaceae

12. Bauhinia variegata Linn. Kachnar Caesalpiniaceae




13. Bombax ceiba linn. Semal Bombacaceae

14. Borassus flabellifer Linn. Tad Arecaceae

15. Boswellia serrata Roxb. Shalki Burseraceae

16. Buchnania latifolia Roxb. Chiraunji Anacardiaceae

17. Butea monosperma (Linn.) DC. Dhak, palas Papilionaceae

18. Callistemon lanceolatus DC Bottlebrush Myrtaceae

19. Calotropis gigentea (Linn.) R.Br. Madar Asclepiadaceae

20. C. procera (Ait.) R.Br. Madar Asclepiadaceae

21. Caryota urens Linn. Fish tail palm Arecaceae

22. Cassia fistula Linn. Amaltas Caesalpiniaceae

23. Casurina equisetifolia J.R. Vilayati Jhau Casurinaceae

24. Cinnamomum.tamala Fr. Tejpat Lauraceae

25. Citrus aurantifolia (Christ.) Swingle. Kagzinimboo Rutaceae

26. C.limon(Linn.) Burm. Jamerinimboo Rutaceae

27. C.maxima(Burm.) Merr. Chakodra Rutaceae

28. Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. Sheesham Papilionaceae

29. Delonix regia (Boj.) Rafin. Gulmohar Caesalpiniaceae

30. Emblica officinalis Gaertn. Amla Euphorbiaceae

31. Eryobotrya japonica (Thumb.) Lindle. Lukat Rosaceae

32. Erythrina suberosa Roxb. Dhavaldhak Papilionaceae

33. Eucalyptus citriodora Hooker Eucalyptus Myrtaceae

34. Ficus benghalensis Linn. Bargad Moraceae

35. F. hispida Linn. Kathgular Moraceae

36. F.racemosa Linn. Gular Moraceae

37. F. religiosa Linn. Peepal Moraceae

38. F. virens Ait. Pakar Moraceae

39. Grewia hainesiana Hole. Phalsa Teliaceae

40. Gmelia arborea Roxb. Gambhar Verbenaceae

41. Leucaena leucocephala (Lamk.)Wt. Shoobabool Mimosaceae

42. Madhuca indica Gmel Mahua Sapotaceae

43. Melia azedirach linn. Bakain Meliaceae

44. Mallotus philippinensis Lamk. Kampilak Euphorbiaceae

45. Mangifera indica Linn. Am Anacardiaceae

46. Moringa oleifera Lamk. Sahjan Moringaceae

47. Morus alba Linn. Shehtoot Moraceae

48. Pithocellobium dulce (Roxb.)Benth. jangal jilebi Mimosaceae

49. Phoenix sylvestris (L.)Roxb. Khajur Arecaceae

50. Prunus persica (L.)Stokes. Aru Rosaceae

51. Prosopis cineraria (L.)Mac. Shammi Mimosaceae

52. Psidium guajava Linn. Amrood Myrtaceae




53. Punica granatum Linn. Anar Punicaceae

54. Pongamia pinnata Karanj Papileonacaea

55. Sapindus emarginatus Vahl. Rithi Sapindaceae

56. S.mukorossi Gaertn. Ritha Sapindaceae

57. Saraca asoka (Roxb.) ashok, sita ashok Caesalpiniaceae

58. Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Oken. Kusum Sapindaceae

59. Syzygium cumini (L.)Skeels. Jamun Myrtaceae

60. Tamarindus indica Linn. Imli Caesalpiniaceae

61. Tectona grandis Linn. Sagun Verbenaceae

62. Terminalia slata Heyne Asna Combretaceae

63. T.arjuna Roxb. Arjun Combretaceae

64. T.belerica Gaertn. Bahera Combretaceae

65. T.catappa Linn. desi badam Combretaceae

66. T.chebula Retz. Hara Combretaceae

67. Zizyphus mauritiana Lamk. Ber Rhamnaceae

68. Z.nummularis (burm.f.)Wt.&Arn. kanta ber Rhamnaceae

Shrubs/ Herbs


1. Achyranthes aspera Linn. Chirchida Amaranthaceae

2. Adhatoda zealanica Medik. Arus, Vasak Acanthaceae

3. Argemone mexicana Linn. Bharbhar Papaveraceae

4. Artabotrys hexapetalus Linn. Kateli Champa Annonaceae

5. Asparagus racemosus Willd. Satawari Liliaceae

6. Cannabis sativa Linn. Bhang Cannabinaceae

7. Canscora decussata (Roxb.) Roem. Sankhphuli Gentianaceae

8. Carissa carundas linn. Karaunda Apocynaceae

9. Cassia.occidentalis Linn. Bara Chakwar Caesalpiniaceae

10. Cassia.tora Linn. Chhota Chakwar Caesalpiniaceae

11. Catharanthus roseus (Linn.) G.Don Sadabahar Apocynaceae

12. Centella asiatica (Linn.) Urban Brahmi Apiaceae

13. Cestrum diurnum Linn. Din ka Raja Solanaceae

14. C.nocturnum Linn. Rat ki rani Solanaceae

15. Chenopodium album Linn. Bathua Chenopodiaceae

16. Curculago orchioides Gaet. kali musli Hypoxidaceae

17. Datura metel Linn. Dhatura Solanaceae

18. Euphorbia hirta Linn. Dudhia Euphorbiaceae

19. H. rosa-chinensis Linn. gurhal, arhul Malvaceae

20. Holoptelia integrifolia (Roxb.) Planch. Chilbil Ulmaceae

21. Ipomea. cairica (L.)Sweet railway creeper Convolvulaceae

22. Ipomea. carnea Mart Bahaya Convolvulaceae



23. J. grandiflorum Linn. Chameli Oleaceae

24. Lawsonia inermis Linn. Mehandi Lythraceae

25. Leucas aspera Willd. Gum Lamiaceae

26. Linum usitattissimum Linn. tisi, alsi Linaceae

27. Mimosa pudica Linn. chui mui Mimosaceae

28. Murraya koenigii (L.)Spreng. Meethineem Rutaceae

29. Nerium indicum Mill. Kaner Apocynaceae

30. Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn. Harsingar Oleaceae

31. Ocimum americanum Linn. Bantulsi Lamiaceae

32. O.sanctum linn. Tulsi Lamiaceae

33. Oxalis corniculata linn. Khatmithi Oxalidaceae

34. Phalaris minor Retz. gehun ka mama Poaceae

35. Pothos aureus Hort. money plant Araceae

36. Pterospermum acerifolium Willd. kanak champa Sterculiaceae

37. Rauvolfia serpentina (L.)Benth. Sarpgandha Apocynaceae

38. S. nigrum Linn. Makoy Solanaceae

39. S.verginianum Linn. bengani, bhatkataya Solanaceae

40. Thevetia peruviana (Pers.)K.Schum. pila kaner Apocynaceae

41. Trichosanthes anguina Linn. Chichida Cucurbitaceae

42. Tribulus terrestris Linn. Gokhru Zygophyllaceae

43. Xanthium strumarium Linn. Gokhru Asteraceae Source: (Feild Survey)

Climber/grasses


1. Alysicarpus monilifer (Linn.) DC Juhighas Papilionaceae

2. Bambusa arundinacea (Retz.) Willd. Bans Poaceae

3. Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. amarbel, akashbel Cuscutaceae

4. Cynodon dactylon (L.) pers. Doob Poaceae

5. Cyperus rotundus Linn. Motha Poaceae

6. I. cairica (L.)Sweet railway creeper Convolvulaceae

7. Macuna pruriens Baker Kawanch Papilionaceae

8. Millingtonia hortensis Linn. akash neem Bignoniaceae

9. Sachharum officinarum Linn. Ikh Poaceae

10. Sachharum.spontaneum Linn. Kaas Poaceae

11. Vetiveria zizanioides (L.)Nash Khas Poaceae

Cultivated Plants


1. Abelmoschus esculentus (L) Moen. Bhindi Malvaceae

2. Allium cepa Linn. Pyaj Liliaceae

3. A.sativum Linn. Lahsun Liliaceae



4. Amaranthus tricolor Linn. Lalsag Amaranthaceae

5. A. viridis Linn. Chaurai Amaranthaceae

6. Brassica compestris Linn. Sarson Brassicaceae

7. Cajanus cajan (Linn.) Mill. Arhar Papilionaceae

8. Capsicum annuum Linn. Mirch Solanaceae

9. Carica papaya Linn. Papita Caricaceae

10. Coccinia cordifolia (Linn.) Cogn. Kundra Cucurbitaceae

11. Coriandrum sativum Linn. Dhaniya Apiaceae

12. Cuminum cyminum linn. Jeera Apiaceae

13. Cucumis melo Linn. Kakri Cucurbitaceae

14. Cucurbita maxima Dutch. Kaddu Cucurbitaceae

15. Daucus carota Linn. Gajar Apiaceae

16. Dolichos lablab Linn. Sem Papilionaceae

17. Lagenaria leucantha duch. Lauki Cucurbitaceae

18. lens culinaris Medik. Masur Papilionaceae

19. L. cylindrica Linn. ghia taroi Cucurbitaceae

20. Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. Tamatar Solanaceae

21. Mentha spicata Linn. Pudina Lamiaceae

22. Momordica charantia Linn. Karela Cucurbitaceae

23. Oryza sativa Linn. Dhan Poaceae

24. Pennisetum tphoides (Burm.)Stapf. Bajra Poaceae

25. Phaseolus aureus Roxb. Moong Papilionaceae

26. P.mungo Linn. Urd Papilionaceae

27. Pisum sativum Linn. Matar Papilionaceae

28. Raphanus sativus Linn. Mooli Brassicaceae

29. Solanum melongena Linn. Baigan Solanaceae

30. Spinacia oleracia Linn. Palak Chenopodiaceae

31. Trachyspermumammi (L.) Sprague. Ajwain Apiaceae

32. trigonella foenum-graecum Linn. Methi Papilionaceae

33. Triticum aestivum Linn. Gehun Poaceae

34. Zea mays Linn. Makka Poaceae

35. Zingiber officinale Rosc. Adarak Zingiberaceae Source: (Feild Survey)

Vegetation of aquatic and marshy habitat: the plants of aquatic and wetland habitat found in

the BHU campus can be classified as follows:

1. Free-floating hydrophytes: These are in contact with water and air only. In the

stagnant water of these ponds some free floating hydrophytes are found. These are

commonly represented by Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms, Lemna paucicostata.

Hegel, Pistia stratiotes Linn and Wolfia arrhiza (Linn.) Horkel.



2. Attached submerged hydrophytes: Eleocharis dulcis (Burm.f.) Trinius, Hrdrilla

verticillata (Linn.f.) Royle. And Vallisneria spiralis Linn. are the common attached

submerged hydrophytes. These hydrophytes make large patches on the substratum and

under surface of the pond water.

3. Attached hydrophytes with free floating leaves: these are in contact with oil, water as

well as air. Aponogeton natans(linn.) Eng., Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. and Nymphaea

nouchali Burm. are the common species in ditches and ponds of the campus.

4. Weeds along roadsides: Places along the roads are occupied by different herbaceous

plant species. Some of the common weeds growing along roadsides in the study area

are: Cassia occidentalis Linn., C.tora Linn.,Argemone mexicana, Chirchitta, Xanthium

strumarium Ipomea spp. Parthenium hysterophorus Linn., Sida cordifolia Linn., Sida

rhombifolia Linn. etc.,

Road Side Trees: A few common trees planted along road-side are: Albizia lebbeck Linn.,

Alstonia scholaris (Linn.) R.Br., Anthocephalus chinensis (Lam.) Rich., Azadirachta indica Juss.,

Bauhinia purpurea Linn., B.variegata Linn., Bombax ceiba Linn., Callistemon lanceolatus DC.,

Cassia fistula Linn., Dalbergia sissoo Roxb., Delonix regia (Boj.) Raf., Eucalyptus citriodora

Hook., Ficus benghalensis Linn. F. religiosa Linn., Syzygium cumini (Linn.) Skeels, Tectona

grandis Linn. and terminalia arjua Roxb..Rare and Endangered Plant Species in the Study Area:

In the study area, no rare and endangered plant species was observed (Source: Red Data Book

of Indian Plants, N.P Nayar and A. P. K. Sastry, B.S.I. 1988).

5.11.2. Fauna

There is no protected and reserved forest present in the study area (10 km radius). The study

area has no forest land as evident from the topography map and land use records. The only

vegetation is scanty scrub-land that too in patches. The vegetation is dominated by acacia

species. Such scanty vegetation coupled by speedy industrial development and residential

development has left the area devoid of any significant faunal species or wildlife. List of flora

and fauna found in the study area has been obtained from the Working Plan of Forest

Department. The list has been be validated during the field visit and / or interviewing the

Zoology and Botany Professors of Banaras Hindu University, Local people or by cross checking

with other published documents / books.

The terrestrial fauna includes common invertebrates and vertebrates. 44 birds species, 10

species of reptiles and amphibians and 11 species of mammals are recorded in the study area.

Peacock is the only schedule-I species present in the study area. No other schedule-I species of

Wildlife (Protection) Act.,972 is present in the study area. The list of faunal species is given in

Table 5.15.

Table 5.15: List of Wildlife Found in Study Area

Mammals

S.No. Local name English name Zoological name Status (WLP Act.1972) Schedule



1. Siyar Jackal Canisa ureus II

2. Kharghosh Common Indian hare Lepus ruficaudatus IV

3. Gilhari Five stripped squirrel Funambuluspennant IV

4. Chamgadad Short nosed fruit bat Cynopterus sphinx V

5. Chooha Field rat Bandicota benghalensis V

6. Lomadi Indian fox Vulpus benghalensis II

7. Bandar Monkey Macaca mulatta III

8. Neola Mangoose Herpetes edwardsi IV

9. Jangli billi Jungle cat Felis chaus II

10. Shahi Indian porcupine Hystrix indica IV

11 Neel gai Blue bull Boselaphus tragocamelus

III

Source: (Feild Survey)

Amphibia and Reptiles

S.N. Common /English name

Zoological name Status (WLP Act.1972) Schedule

1. Common Karait Bungarus caeruleus IV

2. Dhaman/Indian Rat snake Ptyas mucosus II

3. Dhondwa/Water sanke Enhydris enhydris IV

4. Girgit (Garden lizard) Calotes versicolor -

5. Nag/Cobra Naja naja II

6. Russel viper Vipera ruselli II

8. Common toads Duttaphrynus melanostictus V

9. Small frog Microhyla ornata V Source: (Feild Survey)

Avifaunal: Avifauna is an important part of the ecosystem playing the various roles as

scavengers, pollinators, predators of insect, pest, etc. They are also one of the bio indicators of

different status of environment and affected by urbanization, industrialization and human

interference. They can be used as sensitive indicators of pollution and malfunction of

ecosystem.

The area is inhibited by residents forms of a large numbers of raptors like the Brahmini kite

(Haliasur Indus) and Hawk Eagle (Nasiaetus fasciatus) The nocturnal birds found in the area

are Bat (Pteropus giganteus) Owl (Bobo bobo), Bee-Eaters, Swallows (Hirundo rustica),

Shrikes, Fairy Birds and Wegtails. All the birds are found near fresh waters and wet irrigated

fields feeding actively on insects. List of bird species observed in the study area are given in

Table 5.16.

Table 5.16 : List of the Birds Surveyed / Recorded in the Study Area

Sl No Common Name Scientific Name

1 Blue Rock Pigeon Columbia livia

2. Bank Myna Acridotheres ginginianus



3. Baya Weaver Ploceus philippinus

4. Black Drongo Dicrurus adsimilis

5. Blossom headed Parakeet Psittacula Cyanocephala

6. Bleu throated Barbet Megalaima asiatica

7. Brown Shrike Lanius Cristatus

8. Brahmini Kite Haliasur Indus

9. Cattle Egret Bubukus ibis

10. Crow Pheasant Centropus sinensis

11. Crimson breasted Barbet Megalaima haemacephala

12. Common Swallow Hirundo rustica

13. Common Tailorbird Orthotomus sutorius

14. Common Kingfisher Alcedo atthis

15. Dove Streptopelia decaocto

16. Coppersmith Barbet Megalaima haemacephala

17. Greater cookoo Centropus sinensis

18. Grey backed shrike Lanius tephronotus

19. Golden Back Woodpecker Dinopium benghalense

20. Hawk Eagle Nasiaetus fasciatus

21. House Crow Corvus splendens

22. House Swift Apus affinis

23. Hoopoe Upupa spops

24. House Sparrow Passer domesticus

25. Indian Roller Coracias benghalensis

26. India Tree Pie Dendocitta vagabunda

27. Indian Ring Dove Streptopelia decapctp

28. Jungle crow Corvus macrorthynchos

29. Jungle Babler Turdoides striatus

30. Koel Eudynamys scolopacea

31. Kingfisher - Common Alcedo atthis

32. Little Brown Dove Streptopelia senegalensis

33. Large Pied Wagtail Motacilla maderaspatensis

34. Magpie Robin Copsychus saularis

35. Mayna - Brahminy Sturnus pagodarum

36. Mayna - Common Acridotheres tristis

37. Owl Bobo bobo

38. Peacock Pavao cristatus

39. Pariah Kite Milvus migrans

40. Pond Heron Ardeala grayii

41. Redwattled Lapwing Vanellus indicus

42. Red Turtle Dove Streptopelia tranquebarica



43. Rose ringed Parakeet Psittacula krameri

44. Redvented bulbul Pycnonotus cafer

44. Spotted Dove Streptopelia chinensis


Endangered, Rare and threatened,vulnerable Species- With reference to the list of endangered

species prepared by Zoological Survey of India (ZSI), Ministry of Environment and Forests,

Government of India, none of the terrestrial faunal species present in the study area belonged to

the 'endangered' category except turtle species like Chitra Indica, Geoclamis haniltonii. Dolphins

are reported in Ganga river however it has not been sited in the study area.

Schedule-I Fauna: With reference to the list of schedule-I fauna listing of wildlife Protection Act

1972, No schedule-I terrestrial fauna (except peacock which is of least concern category of

Wildlife Protection) is present within 10 km area of the proposed terminal site.

5.11.3. Kashi Turtle Sanctuary

Location: Kashi Turtle Sanctuary is located about 2.27 km in north direction from the proposed

Ramnagar terminal. Map showing proposed terminal, Ramnagar fort and location of the turtle

sanctuary is given in Figure 5.12.



Figure 5.12 : Location of Turtle Sanctuary and Other Environment Features

Establishment of Turtle Wild Life Sanctuary (Legal Status)

To safeguard the released turtles and their natural habitat in the Ganga River, under the U.P.

State Administration Forests Act, Section-3, Part-4170/14-3-62, dated 21-12-1989 the area of

the mid-section of the Ganga River, Flowing through Varanasi city and measuring around 7-km

has been declared as the Turtle Wild Life Sanctuary under which, the area between Ramnagar

Fort to Malviya Rail/Road Bridge (Raj Ghat Bridge) has been declared as the Turtle Wild Life

Sanctuary, Varanasi, Along with the turtles, other species of aquatic animals which inhabit this

area are also being provided complete protection. The Sanctuary forms the part of Ganga

Action Plan.

History

According to a mention in the religious scriptures of the Hindu it is believed that if a person dies

in the Holy city of Kashi or his funeral rites are performed at Kashi, the person will have access



to the heaven and will be free from the cycle of birth and rebirth. In pursuance of this belief

people from far and near bring dead to city of Varanasi for performing the last rites at the

numerous Ghats on the bank of River Ganga. Brunt and and half brunt corpuses are immersed

in the river and are a major reason for the increased pollution level with waste garbage dumping

in the Ganga. With this in mind the Ganga Action Plan support the organic removal of dead

bodies by supporting the breeding and release of turtles in the river water.

The basic idea to setup the sanctuary was to club the dwindling of turtle population which is on

the verge of extension and also by releasing carnivorous turtles, that would feed on the remains

of the corpses and would help in reducing the organic and harmful waste emanating from the

corpses and also in the process providing for food to the diminishing population of turtles and

help them survive, grow and breed and increase their number. Under the Turtle Rehabilitation

Plan Turtle Breeding Center were set up in Sarnath.

This in turn leads to further addition to river pollution. In order to check this biological pollution

and to make River Ganges free of pollutants, Ganga Action Plan (GAP) Phase I, has started in

the year 1986 by the Govt. of India, with a tortoise breeding project with its breeding center at

Sarnath where tortoise (both herbivores &Carnivores) are hatched and reared for one to one

and half year and then are left into River Ganges to remove the bio-pollutants like partly

cremated and dead bodies directly thrown in the river. The eggs of these turtles are specially

procured from river Chambal.

Tortoise were released annually in the Ganga River. To protect these tortoise and secure their

habitat Kachhua Sanctuary, spreading over seven km. from Rajghat (Malviya Rail Road Bridge)

to Ramnagar Fort, was declared Wildlife Protection Zone, under U.P. Govt. Order (No. 4170/04-

3-62/89 dated 21-12-1989) under the provisions of the Wildlife Protection Act 1972, after

launching the Ganga Action Plan (GAP). The existence of motor boats and sand mining in the

protected zone of the Sanctuary is prohibited, as tortoise lay eggs in the sand of the river banks.

Tortoise Sanctuary has its own importance to clean the water. In the Kachhua (tortoise)

Sanctuary mainly Aspederites Gangetic (self-shell turtles), Geoclamis, Hamiltonai, Chitra Indica

& Lasimous which are carnivorous species and hard shelled herbivorous tortoise- Pechra,

Kachhua, Sundri Kachhua, Kachhua Tentoria, Kachhua Tongoka are in abundance. The year

wise details of turtle released in the sanctuary is provided in following Table 5.17.

Table 5.17 Year wise details of Turtle Released in the Sanctuary

S. No. Turtle eggs Collection yr.

No. of eggs brought to the department

No. of turtles from the eggs

No. of turtles dispatched by the

department

1 1987 5290 3126 100

2 1988 9402 4271 -

3 1989 12006 6928 2554

4 1990 13879 6845 3677

5 1991 9997 5386 6773

6 1992 5116 3535 8224



7 1993 - - 7592

From year 1994 to 2003 due to unavailability of the funds, turtle rehabilitation work was stopped. Again in year 2002-2003, fund were granted to Turtle Rehabilitation Centre, Sarnath and the work of turtle rehabilitation was started again. Details given below:

3 2005-06 3000 1520 -

4 2006-07 3000 1777 -

5 2007-08 2000 1110 1549

6 2008-09 2000 1154 1777

7 2009-10 2000 1028 1110

8 2010-11 2000 1042 1154

9 2011-12 2000 1333 1028

10 2012-13 2000 831 1042

11 2013-14 2000 0 1333

Source: (Office of Kashi Turtle Sanctuary)

Sarnath Turtle Breeding Center

At the Sarnath center, the eggs of the carnivorous species of turtles (the “Kathawa”-Aspadiritis

Gangatic) were brought from the Chambal River-and the new-borns were brought up at the

breeding center under controlled conditions. One hatching room and three artificial ponds has

been created in the center where these turtle where tortoise (both herbivores & Carnivores) are

hatched and reared for one to one and half year. Once they reached the right age they were

released in the waters of the Ganga River.

Under this plan, during the period 1987-1992, 55690 turtle eggs were brought to the Sarnath

Breeding Centre from the Chambal River, out of which 30091 new borns were reared, of these

28920 were released in the Ganga River. In the period 2005-2006, eggs were again brought

from the Chambal River and 3297 new borns were reared and in March 2009 and of these,

1549 were released in the Ganga River. Photographs of Turtle breeding center is provided in

Figure 5.13.



Figure 5.13: Turtle Breeding Centre Sarnath

5.11.4. Aquatic Ecosystem

The aquatic eco-biology is highly dependent on the type of Aquatic ecosystem, The running

water ecosystem is called as lotic Aquatic system. This means it is the running freshwater

(limnotic) ecosystem. The volume of water and its velocity are among the basic factors along

with the physico-chemical attributes of an aquatic ecosystem, which govern and impact the

biotic communities in that area. This biotic community composition in turn is highly sensitive to

seasonal and climatic changes round the year. However, any given ecosystem under reference

becomes seasonally static, unless any unforeseen or sudden geo-climatic situations do not take

place, after few years of its existence in that particular geographic area. Here below are given

our observations related to the ecologically, economically naturally occurring important biotic

constituents of Ganga river system around Ramnagar area.

The freshwater ecosystems are live, highly dynamic but equally very sensitive and fragile

environments. A freshwater ecosystem is normally rich in biodiversity. No other group of

organisms is believed to be more at risk than freshwater animals. As a result the riverine

ecosystems are among the most productive life support systems in the world and are of

immense socio-economic, ecological, commercial and bio-esthetic importance to mankind.



With reference to the Gangetic riverine ecosystem along with its major and minor tributaries and

their secondary and tertiary contributing tributaries the whole system forms a web of life of its

own creation and sustenance. The reasons of this status have been the undisturbed ecological

flows of this river web system since millenniums. However, last five-six decades have seen

tremendous changes in the behavior and the quality of this gangetic riverine ecosystem, mainly

on account of anthropogenic interventions. Therefore, it becomes highly imperative to

understand the behavior of the existing eco-system and its components before embarking on

to any new multi-pronged project which would be totally dependent on the course of the

existing riverine ecosystem, its constituents and the anticipated impacts of initiating,

establishing and running a totally hitherto unknown physical system over and along the river

body, including its riparian appendages. It is most important under the prevailing

circumstances of our conservation and restoration policies for a sustained healthy freshwater

environment. It becomes greatly critical and vulnerable when we come across the ganga river

ecology, on account of our sentiments attached to it.

Sampling Location: Sample for the phytoplankton and zooplankton monitoring were collected

from following two locations. Sampling site is located in upstream and downstream of the

proposed inland water terminal. Details of sampling location is given in Table 5.18.

Table -5.18: Details of Aquatic Sampling Locations

Code Locations Remarks

A-1 Ganga River, u/s of proposed Terminal Fresh water

A-2 Ganga River, d/s of Proposed Terminal Fresh water

Biotic Resources of River Ganga at Varanasi: To be precise we are here concerned with

the major bioti component of river system which is commercially (primarily) and eco-

environmentally important to the riparian human population, their economic status ( through self

employment and secondary market stake holders acting at short time intervals and impacting

long time policies. In that light Gangariver and its surrounding landin the study area is used

largely for fisheries and boating purposes. The fishery resources of the Ganga river system are

of tremendous economic and nutritional sustenance to fisherman of the study area, Ganga

River being the main source of water body in the reference area.

Plankton: Phyto-plankton & Zoo-plankton:

Like any other aquatic ecosystem the ecology of the Ganga River depends on the primary

producers. And primary producers are those micro- floristic communities called Phyto-plankton,

which convert the solar energy with the raw material from earth & atmosphere to organic form,

which in turn in the food chain of nature is consumed by the primary, secondary and sometimes

by the tertiary consumers of the ecosystem at various trophic levels.

Phytoplankton are most important, because these are the first food of new born fishes. Not only

this, but many fishes depended for their nutritional requirements on these micro-phytoplankton,

throughout their life.



Two sampling locations were identified for sampling. Surface water samples were collected,

counted and identified by using the APHA method. The water samples were collected in sterile

glass bottles. The phytoplankton‟s were collected after filtering the water through a plankton net

made up of bolting silk cloth No.25. 5% formalin solution was added for preservation of

phytoplankton and zooplanktons. The systematic identification of phytoplankton and

zooplanktons was made by standard keys of APHA.

Phytoplankton: Phytoplankton forms the basis of food chain in any aquatic water body. The

diversity and abundance of phytoplankton mainly depends on the region, type of water body,

either lentic or lotic, the nutrient flux in the system and the sunlight available for photosynthesis.

These factors together form the dynamics of phytoplankton productivity over the seasons. The

phytoplankton of given water body determines the zooplankton populations and the fish

productivity of the ecosystem. Phytoplankton group reported from the sampled locations are

Basillariophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Xanthophyceae and Euglenophyceae

members. Dominance of Bacillariophyceae members followed by Chrophyceae and

Cyanophyceae was observed in studied samples. The list of phytoplankton recorded in Ganga

River during study period is presented in Table 5.19.

Table 5.19: List of Phytoplankton’s Observed in Sampling Locations

Sr. No.

Phytoplankton Group

Phytoplankton Ganga River upstream of Terminal Site

Ganga River downstream of Terminal Site

1 Bacillariophyceae

Amphora sp. + -

2 Asterionella sp. + +

3 Biddulphia sp. + +

4 Chaetoceros sp. - +

5 Cyclotella sp. + -

6 Cymbella sp. - +

7 Diatoma sp. + +

8 Fragilaria sp. + +

9 Gomphonema sp. + +

10 Gyrosigma sp. + +

11 Melosira sp. + -

12 Navicula sp. + +

13 Nitzschia sp. + -

14 Pinnularia sp. + +

15 Pleurosigma sp. + +

16

Chlorophyceae

Actinastrum sp. - +

17 Chlorella sp. + +

18 Closterium sp. + -

19 Coelastrum sp. + =

20 Conococcus sp. + -

21 Eudorina sp. + +

22 Gonium sp. + +

23 Hormidium sp. + -

24 Microspora sp. + +

25 Pandorina sp. + +



26 Pediastrum sp. - +

27 Spirogyra sp. + +

28 Ulothrix sp. + +

29 Anabeana sp. + +

30 Calothrix sp. + +

31 Nostoc sp. + +

32 Oscillatoria sp. + +

33 Phormidium sp. + +

34 Rivularia sp. + -

35 Schizothrix sp. - +

36 Spirulina sp., etc. + +

37 Xanthophyceae

Bumillaria sp. + +

38 Chlorobotrys sp. + -

39

Euglenophyceae

Astasis sp. + -

40 Euglena sp. + +

41 Peronia sp. + +

42 Phacus sp. - +

Note: + denote present and – denotes absent

Zooplankton: The zooplankton of the aquatic water body are the primary consumers and also

in cases secondary producers which play an important role for the fisheries of that system. The

diversity and abundance of zooplankton also depends on whether the water body is eutrophic or

oligotrophic. They also are good representation of the ecosystem health. The amount and type

of pollutants in the water body impacts and determines the type of zooplankton species, in any

particular habitat / niche. Among the zooplankton group, Brachionoussps.(Rotifera) had highest

percentage composition and the lowest percentage composition was of Asplanchana sps. In the

total zooplankton Cyprissps and Gastrocypris sp., also occurred in the sampled water bodies.

The list of zooplanktons recorded in fresh water bodies in study area during study Table 5.20:

Table-5.20 List of Zooplanktons Observed in Ganga River: At Ramnagar site

Sr. No.

Family Phytoplankton Ganga River upstream of Terminal Site

Ganga River downstream of Terminal Site

1

Protozoa

Arcella sp. - +

2 Chilodonella sp. + -

3 Difflugia sp. - +

4 Globigerina sp. + +

5 Holophyra sp. + +

6 Noctiluca sp. + +

7 Spathidium sp. - +

8 Sphenoderia sp. + -



9 Tintinnopsis sp. + +

16

Rotifers

Anura sp. - +

17 Asplanchna sp. + +

18 Brachionus sp. + -

19 Filinia sp. - +

20 Horaelle sp. + -

21 Keratella sp. + +

22 Notholca sp. - +

23 Rotaria sp. + -

29 Copepoda Cyclops sp. - +

30 Diaptomus sp. + +

37 Cladocera

Bosmina sp. - +

Ceriodaphnia sp. + -

38 Cydorus sp. + +

39

Euglenophyceae

Cypris sp. - +

40 Gastrocypris sp., etc.

+ +

Note: + denote present and – denotes absent

Zoo- benthos:

Benthos is the community of organisms which live on, in, or near the riverbed, also known as

the benthic zone. This community lives in or near sedimentary environments, Many organisms

adapted to deep-water pressure cannot survive in the upper parts of the water column. Because

light does not penetrate very deep water, the energy source for deep benthic ecosystems is

often organic matter from higher up in the water column which drifts down to the depths. This

dead and decaying matter sustains the benthic food chain; most organisms in the benthic zone

are scavengers or detritivores. The zoo-benthos observed in the river water is listed below in

Table 3.21

Table-3.21: Zoo-benthic fauna at Ramnagar.

Sl. No. Gastropoda Annelids Insects

1 Bellamya sp. Oligochaetes Argia sp.

2 Gabbia sp. Polychaetes, etc. Caenis sp.

3 Lymnaea sp.

Cloeon sp.

4 Thiaria sp., etc. Enallagma sp., etc.

Fisher Man Says: Among the first rate stake-holders to these water produces of fishes,

Fisherman community is at the base of the pyramid of economy here. As per our discussion

with fisherman the fishes have suffered serious decline in the Ganga River stretch of Varanasi

due to overfishing, sewage water pollution and construction of reservoirs, barrages and

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benthic_zone

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depositional_environment

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_column

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detritus

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_chain

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scavengers

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detritivores



abstraction of riverine water along the riparian areas. The loss of fish fauna is not in terms

quality ( that is body size / body wt. ), but also in terms their species diversity. According to older

reports the area had around 50-60 species of fishes in this region, which has come down to

around 25 to 36 species, presently. For example according to fishermen the famous illesh fish

Hilsas ps. are no more visible around, which used to migrate up to Allahabad only about a

decade back. It is because of the construction of barrages on Ganga river at Farakka, coupled

with a high rate of pollution along its course..

The fishing boats used by the fisherman are mostly indigenous and non-mechanized. The boats

are designed to suit local conditions. The simplest and most primitive types of boats used for

fishing in the river are the rafts and dongas, operated in calm water. As per the discussion with

the fisherman of the study area the average fish production (catch) is 5 to 10 kg/day.

Various type of fishing gears are in operation in the riverine system. They are designed to suit

the local condition such as depth of water, water current, desired fish to catch etc. some of them

selective to the particular species. The most common gears used by the fisherman are chanta,

Mahajal, Ghanali, Bhanwarjal, Gochail, Dodandi etc.

Fish Fauna of River ganga at Ramnagar area: Fishes are the consumers in River ecosystem.

The fish population of Ganga is largely dependent on the micro-flora and fauna produced by the

river system including phytoplankton, zooplankton, periphyton and zoobenthos which

establishes itself in the form of food chain. Among the preferred freshwater food fishes are

include species of major carps like, Rohu (Labeorohita) mrigal (cirrhinusmrigala), katla(

catlacatla) , kalbasu ( labeocalbasu ), and cat fishes like padhan ( wallagoattu ) ) tengras (

Mystusteengara, ) and Magur ( Clariasbatrachus ), Singhi ( Heteropneutesfossilis ), Tilapia (

Oreocromissps. ),Kavai ( anabas testudineus ), Mahfish ( Barbussps. ), to name a few, around

the Ramnagar area of Ganga river. Common fishes identified during the field visit are provided

in following Table 5.22.

Table-5.22 List of Fishes observed in Study Area during Study Period

S. No. Genus, species Common Name

1 Sperataseenghala Tengra

2 Cyprinuscarpio Common carp

3 Labeobata (Hamilton) Bata

4 Oreochromisniloticusniloticus Tilapia

5 Rita buchnani Bail gagra



6 Labeorohita (Hamilton) Rohu

7 Clariasbatrachus (Linnaeus) Mangur

8 Anabas testudineus (Bloch) Kavai or sumha

9 Cirrhinusmrigala (Hamilton) Nain

10 Catlacatla Katla

11 Wallagoattu Padhni

12 Heteropneustes fossils Singhi

13 Labeocalbasu Kalabasa

14 Barbus tor Mahasir

15 Mastacembelusarmatus Balm


Chelonian Fauna (Ganga Turtle) Among the important reptilian fauna turtles had been in abundance along the course of river

Ganga, till few decades back. [These were / are regarded as the scavengers of the river along with

scavenger carnivore fishes like Wallaoattu, Bagariussps. Mystussps. And few other minor cat fishes like

Clarias, Mystusvittatus etc.]

Therefore the existing species of freshwater turtles (the group is known as Chelonians: order

Chelonia, class - Reptilia) in Ganga river are also ecologically very important . We visited the

Kashi turtle sanctuary, which is located about 2.7 km to the north of the proposed terminal at

Ramnagar .Details of the sanctuary are already discussed in the above sections. In the

Kachhua (tortoise) Sanctuary mainly Aspederites Gangetic (self shell turtles), Geoclamis,

Hamiltonai, ChitraIndica & Lasimous which are carnivorous species and hard shelled

herbivorous tortoise- Pechra, Kachhua, SundriKachhua, Kachhua Tentoria, KachhuaTongoka

are in abundance. Photographs of fishes observed in the study area is provided in Figure 5.15.

Labeorohita (Hamilton) – (Rohu) Clariasbatrachus (Linnaeus) – (Mangur)



Anabas testudineus (Bloch) – (Kavai) Rita buchnani (Belgagra)

CyprinusCarpio ( Common Carp) Oreochromisniloticusniloticus (Tilapia)

Labeobata Sperataseenghala(Tengra)



Figure 5.15 Photographs of Fishes Observed during Study Period

5.12. Social Impact Assessment

The social impact assessment included gathering information on the socio-economic profile of

the project area which was compiled through secondary sources which is the published data of

the Government of India. Secondly, in order to understand the socioeconomic profile of the

affected families a primary census socio-economic survey (SES) is will be carried out as

necessary. The information from secondary sources enabled the project team to understand the

general socio-economic issues if any in the project area and the primary information enabled

the project to understand the following issues:

The socio-economic profile of the affected families;

The category and extent of loss due to the project development; and

The demography, literacy level, the occupation pattern, etc. about the project affected

families.



The ensuing section provides the analysis of the secondary and the primary information thus

gathered

Published information analysis on the socio-economic profile of the project area

The Ramnagar terminal will be location in Varanasi (Banaras) of the state of Uttar Pradesh.

Uttar Pradesh is the largest state in India. The administrative and legislative capital is Lucknow

and the judicial capital is Allahabad. Other notable cities include Agra, Aligarh, Ayodhya,

Varanasi (also known as Benares and Kashi), Etawah, Kanpur, Mirzapur and Deoband.

Neighbouring states are Uttaranchal, Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Delhi, Rajasthan, Madhya

Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand and Bihar. Uttar Pradesh also shares its border with Nepal.

The published information included the websites of the Government of India the Census of India

data 2011, which was utilized to enlist the socio-economic profile of the project area. The

analysis of the data is provided in the sections below.

Table 5.23 shows the population of Uttar Pradesh. Out of the total population of 19.99 crore,

10.04 crore people are males and remaining 9.53 crore people are females. Out of the total

population, around 78% people are residing in rural areas and remaining in urban areas.

Table 5.23: Uttar Pradesh State Population

State TRU No. of HH Total

Population

Total Male Total Female

Uttar Pradesh

Total 33448035 199812341 104480510 95331831

Rural 25685942 155317278 80992995 74324283

Urban 7762093 44495063 23487515 21007548

Source: Census of India, 2011

Table 5.24 shows the literacy population of Uttar Pradesh. Out of the total literate population of

11.43 crore, 6.83 crore males are literate and remaining 4.61 crores are female literates. Nearly

75% of the total literate populations are in rural areas.

Table 5.24: Uttar Pradesh State Literacy Level

State TRU Population

Literate Male Literate Female Literate

Uttar Pradesh

Total 114397555 68234964 46162591

Rural 85284680 51793688 33490992

Urban 29112875 16441276 12671599




Table 5.25 shows the SC and ST population of Uttar Pradesh. Out of the total population of

19.99 crores,4.13 crore (21%) population belongs to Schedule Cast and 11.34 lakhs belongs to

Schedule Tribes, which is nearly 0.57% of the total population.


Table 5.26 shows the Worker population of Uttar Pradesh. Out of the total population of 19.99

crore, 6.58 crores are working population. Out of these 4.98 crores are male worker and

remaining 1.59 crores are female workers. Out of these only 21% (1.38 crores) are working in

urban areas.

Table 5.26: Uttar Pradesh State Worker Population

State TRU Total Work

Population

Total Male

Worker

Total Female

Worker

Uttar Pradesh

Total 65814715 49846762 15967953

Rural 51950980 38352879 13598101

Urban 13863735 11493883 2369852


District Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh

About Varanasi

Varanasi, one of world's oldest living cities, is rightly called the religious capital of India. Also

known as Banaras or Benaras, this holy city is located in the south-eastern part of the state of

Uttar Pradesh in northern India. It rests on the left bank of the holy river Ganga (Ganges), and is

one of the seven sacred spots for Hindus. Varanasi a place for pilgrimage, and also known as a

great center of learning, and a place known for its heritage in music, literature, art and craft.

It is a cherished name in the art of silk weaving. The Banarasi silk sarees and brocades are

prized all over the world. The classical musical styles or 'gharanas' are woven into the lifestyle

of the people and are accompanied by musical instruments that are manufactured in Varanasi.

The ancient city of Varanasi was not built in a day. The city has two remnants of a holy past: the

first being Rajghat plateau, where the archeological findings of wares date back to the period of

Table 5.25: Uttar Pradesh State Population SC and ST

State TRU Population SC Population ST

Uttar Pradesh

Total 41357608 1134273

Rural 35685227 1031076

Urban 5672381 103197

http://hinduism.about.com/od/godsgoddesses/a/ganga.htm



very existence of urban settlement and the second being Sarnath, where Buddha gave his first

sermon, “Turning the wheel of law” in 528 BC. Later during 3rd century King Ashoka built a

monastery township there, which continued its existence till 12th century and was later

destroyed.

Since ancient times the natural and cultural landscapes of the city have retained an active social

role in contemporary society closely associated with the traditional way of life. The city is a place

of pilgrimage and a holy site for sacred baths in the Ganga River, to have a good death, to get

relief from transmigration, to learn and receive spiritual merit, etc. The city has still maintained

its traditions. In spite of several downfalls and upheavals, traditions are fully alive even today8.

Being the holiest city of Hinduism, the impact of the religion is found everywhere in the city – the

chanting bells and the monotonous, but oddly soothing, chant of Sanskrit hymns, in the fragrant

flower offerings, and the colored powders that are sold in a myriad roadside shops which

decorate the foreheads of the devout, in the tens of thousands of worshippers and the

thousands who offer them salvation or services.

Ghats with stairways along the Ganga with presence of “dying homes”, charitable homes,

pilgrims‟ rest houses, are some of the city‟s unique characteristics. Apart from that, silk weaving

and sari making, metal, wood and terracotta handicrafts, toy making, particular painting forms,

etc., comprise the continuity of historical and cultural tradition. Varanasi is famous for its fairs

and festivals with respect to variety, distinction, time, sacred sites, performers, viewers and

sideshows.

Varanasi town lies between the 25015‟ to 25022‟ North latitude and 82057‟ to 83001‟ East

longitude. The River Ganga only here flows South to North having the world famous ghats on

the left bank of the river. The highest flood level of river Ganga was 73.90m (1978) and the

lowest river water level is approximately 58m. It is at an elevation of 80.71 metres above mean

sea level.

Linkages and Connectivity

Varanasi is well connected by road, rail and air with other parts of the country. The distance

from the major cities are Delhi-750 km, Lucknow-286 km and 125 km from Allahabad. There are

three national highways i.e. NH-2, NH-56 and NH-29 and four state highways i.e. SH-87, SH-73,

SH-74 and SH-98 passing through the heart of the city. The linkages provided by the National

highways are, NH 2- G.T. Road from Mughal Sarai to Allahabad; NH 29- Varanasi to

Gorakhpur, Kushinagar; and NH 56- Varanasi to Jaunpur Lucknow.

These National Highways and state highways have high passenger traffic as these roads

provide a good connectivity to the surrounding areas in the U.P. state as well as to metropolitan

cities like Delhi and Kolkata. The Grand trunk road or NH2 forms the main transportation spine

of the city.

8 Prof. Rana B P Singh (2005), “Life in Historic Urban Landscape of Varanasi, a Heritage City of India”, Geography

Department, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP



A bypass is being constructed along the Eastern edge of the city to relieve the burden off NH-2.

Another ring road is under consideration along the Western edge of the city to divert the traffic

and provide better connectivity to the newer developments coming up in the Trans Varuna

Region.

Varanasi is well connected by railways with broad gauge. There are three rail lines entering to

the city from Lucknow, Bhadoi and Allahabad and is diverted in two lines to Gorakhpur and

Mughal Sarai. The city lies on Delhi-Kolkata rail route of North Eastern Railways, which is the

broad gauge. A rail line connects the town with Sarnath. The other cities having good

connectivity through railways are Patna, Guwahati, Chennai, Mumbai, Gwalior, Meerut,

Lucknow, Kanpur and Allahabad.

The town also has an airport at a distance of about 24 km away from the city. There are flights

to Varanasi from Agra, Bhubaneshwar, Kolkata, Delhi, Gorakhpur, Khajuraho, Lucknow, Raipur

and Kathmandu (Nepal). It is on a regular aviation route of Delhi to Kolkata and Bhuvaneshwar.

It is also the aviation gateway to Nepal.

Basic issues in Varanasi

There are several issues facing the millions of people who live and visit the city of Varanasi. By

the time the Ganga reaches the end of the city, Ganga is polluted–her waters are grey, stinking,

and a breeding ground for water-borne diseases such as dysentery, cholera, and typhoid,

among others. An estimated 66% of the local population of Varanasi faces some sort of water-

borne disease each year.

The infrastructure of Varanasi has never been properly developed to fit the booming population.

The sewage lines that exist today were created by the British for a population of 200,000.

Many residents do not have access to any sort of toilet, and thus use the river. No proper solid

waste disposal has ever been created for the city. Many residents do not have access to any

sort of clean, purified drinking water. Thus they use the polluted Ganga for their everyday

needs, such as drinking, bathing, cooking, and doing laundry. Further, the sewer lines and

sewage treatment plants that are present in Varanasi do not work, as they rely heavily on

electricity (and electricity does not work in the city for many hours each day). During monsoon

season, the floods force these facilities to cease their function entirely. Thus, raw untreated

sewage is directly dumped every day into the Ganga, Varuna, and Assi rivers at approximately

thirty sources. This accounts for 95% of the pollution in Ganga at Varanasi, and it is making

people sick.

The other 5% of the pollution in the Ganga at Varanasi comes from non-point sources, such as

cremation grounds. Thousands of cremations happen along the banks of the river in Varanasi,

and the river simply is filled with ash and half-burnt bodies

Varanasi district demographics

The demography, occupation pattern and the other socio-economic features of Varansi is

provided in this section of the report.



Table 5.27 shows the population of affected Varanasi district. Total population of Varanasi

district is 36.76 lakhs (1.84% of UP). Out of which 19.21 lakhs are males and 17.54 are females.

Out of these 15.59 lakh population resides in Urban areas.

Table 5.27: Population of the District

State District TRU No. of HH Total

Population

Total

Male

Total

Female

Uttar Pradesh Varanasi

Total 560162 3676841 1921857 1754984

Rural 306978 2079790 1076526 1003264

Urban 253184 1597051 845331 751720


The growth rate of population in Varanasi District declined between 1991 – 2001 from 33% to

17.15%, however in the past decade the growth rate has been about 25.16%.

Table 5.28 shows the literacy population of Varanasi district. Total literate population of

Varanasi district is 24.03 lakhs. Out of which 13.89 lakhs are males and 10.01 lakhs are

females. Literate population are more in rural areas (54.14%) than urban areas.

Table 5.28: Literacy in the District

State District TRU Population Literate Male

Literate

Female

Literate


Total 2403903 1389116 1014787

Rural 1301232 769456 531776

Urban 1102671 619660 483011


Table 5.29 shows the SC and ST population of Varanasi district. Out of the total population of

36.76 lakhs,4.86 lakhs belongs to schedule caste and only 0.28 lakhs (5.88%) belongs to

schedule tribes. Out of these 73.64% of SC and 67% of ST are in rural area.

Table 5.29: SC and ST population of the District

State District TRU Population SC Population ST


Total 486958 28617

Rural 358612 19144

Urban 128346 9473




Table 5.30 shows the worker population of Varanasi district. Total 12.20 lakhs people belongs

to working class. Out of which 9.21 lakhs are males and 2.99 are females.

Table 5.30: Work population of the District

State District TRU Total Worker

Population

Total Male

Worker

Total Female

Worker


Total 1220708 921234 299474

Rural 695418 496488 198930

Urban 525290 424746 100544


Table 5.32 shows the Tehsil population of Varanasi Tehsil. Total population of Varanasi Tehsil

was 30.49 lakh, out of which 16.03 lakhs are males and 14.45 lakhs are females.

Table 5.31: Tehsil Wise Population of district

District Tehsil TRU No. of HH Total

Population

Total

Male

Total

Female

Varanasi Varanasi

Total 467569 3049543 1603805 1445738

Rural 216031 1463875 764427 699448

Urban 251538 1585668 839378 746290


Table 5.30 shows the literacy of Varanasi Tehsil. Total 20.07 lakhs people are literate in

Varanasi Tehsil. Out of which 11.57 are males and 8.50 are females.

Table 5.32: Tehsil wise literacy population of District

District Tehsil TRU Population

Literate

Male

Literate

Female

Literate

Varanasi Varanasi

Total 2007746 1157401 850345

Rural 912382 542025 370357

Urban 1095364 615376 479988


Table 5.33 shows the SC and ST population of Varanasi Tehsil. Total 3.69 lakhs are SC and

0.24 lakhs are females.

Table 5.33: Tehsil wise SC and ST population of District



District Tehsil TRU Population SC Population ST

Varanasi Varanasi

Total 369361 24012

Rural 243343 14630

Urban 126018 9382


Table 5.34 shows the work population of Varanasi Tehsil. Total 10.01 lakhs population are

working, out of which 7.76 lakhs are males and 2.24 are females.

Table 5.34: Tehsil wise work population of District

District Tehsil TRU Total Worker

Population

Total Male

Worker

Total Female

Worker

Varanasi Varanasi

Total 1001113 776204 224909

Rural 480279 354383 125896

Urban 520834 421821 99013


Ramnagar – location of the multi-modal IWAI terminal

Ramnagar is a city and a municipal board in Varanasi district in the Indian state of Uttar

Pradesh. Ramnagar has a fort known as Ramnagar Fort which is still the residence of King of

Varanasi (Benares).

The demographics of Ramnagar is detailed in the ensuing section of this report.

Table 5.35 shows the population in the proposed terminal area in Ramnagar town. Total

population of Ramnagar town is 49132.

Table 5.35 : Town where the Terminal is to be located along NW-1 - Population

District and Tehsil Village/Town No. of

HH

Total

Population Total Male

Total

Female

District: Varanasi

Tehsil: Varanasi Ramnagar

7729 49132 26071 23061


Table 5.36 shows the SC and ST population in the proposed terminal area in Ramnagar town.

Table 5.36: Town where the Terminal is to be located along NW-1- SC and ST population

Tehsil Village/Town Population SC Population ST

District: Varanasi Ramnagar 5340 191



Table 5.36: Town where the Terminal is to be located along NW-1- SC and ST population

Tehsil Village/Town Population SC Population ST

Tehsil: Varanasi


Table 5.37 shows the Literate and work population in the proposed terminal area in Ramnagar

town. 70% of the total Ramnagar town population is literate and 30% of the total population are

working.

Table 5.37: Town where the Terminal is to be located along NW-1 - Literacy and work population

Tehsil Village/Town

Populati

on

Literate

Male

Literat

e

Femal

e

Literat

e

Total

Worker

Populati

on

Total

Male

Worke

r

Total

Femal

e

Worke

r

District:

Varanasi

Tehsil:

Varanasi

Ramnagar

34400 19484 14916 14895 12794 2101


This location has a population of about 49000 and about 7700 households. However there is a

an insignificant population being affected adversely due to this project development. The details

of the adversely affected population is discussed in the section below.

5.12.1. Tourism and Heritage

The ancient city of Varanasi is believed to have existed since beginning of the earth and finds its

mention in the Arthavedas6. Varanasi, owing to its rich traditional fabric and ghats, attracts more

than 30 lakh domestic and international tourists each year. The city, an important centre for

religious tourism in India is also a gateway to the Buddhist circuit; with significant foreign tourist

coming from Japan, China, Malaysia, etc. Being the holiest city of Hinduism, the impact of the

religion is found everywhere in the city. The city of Varanasi is unique in the architectural, artistic

and religious expressions of traditional Indian culture and is, even today, a living example of this

culture.

Tourism

Ghats

Varanasi is famous for its Ghats. Ghats are steps that lead down to River Ganga. The crescent

shaped bank of river Ganges houses 84 ghats on the western bank spread over a distance of

6.8 km. Several rituals and religious ceremonies are associated with these ghats and pilgrims



travel from all over the country for prayers, holy dip in the river Ganga, cremation, religious

offerings, etc. The most important ghats are Dasaswamedh, Harish Chandra, Manikarnika,

Panchaganga, and Assi ghat. Map showing Location of Ghats along Ganga River and other

sensitive features is provided in Figure 5.12.

Dasaswamedh Ghat: It is one of the most important ghats of Varanasi. It is located near „Kashi

Vishwanath Temple’. It is belived that on this very Ghat ten horses were sacrifised by Lord

Brahma to allow Lord Shiva to return from a period of banishment. In spite of the fact that

Dasaswamedh is one of the oldest ghats of Varanasi, dating back to many thousand years, the

ghat has remained unspoilt and clean. Dasaswamedh provides a beautiful and colourful

riverfront view. A large number of Sadhus can be seen performing religious rites on this ghat.

Devotees must not miss the opportunity of visiting this ghat in the evening when the Aarti is

performed. During Dipawali festival, thousands of earthen lamps are immersed in the waters of

the holy Ganges and the floating lamps give a divine look to the river at dusk.

Harish Chandra Ghat: Harish Chandra Ghat is name after a mythological King Harish

Chandra, who once worked at the cremation ground here for the perseverance of truth and

charity. It is believed that the Gods rewarded him for his resolve, charity and truthfulness and

restored his lost throne and his dead son to him. Harish Chandra Ghat is one of the two

cremation Ghats (the other being Manikarnika Ghat) and is some times referred as Adi

Manikarnika (the original creation ground). Hindus from distant places bring the dead bodies of

their near and dear ones to the Harish Chandra Ghat for cremation. In Hindu mythology it is

believed that if a person is cremated at the Harish Chandra Ghat, that person gets salvation or

"moksha". The Harish Chandra Ghat was somewhat modernized in late 1980's, when an electric

crematorium was opened here.

Manikarnika Ghat: It is one of the oldest and most sacred Ghats of Varanasi. People belive

that being burned here provides an instant gateway to liberlisation from the cycle of births and

rebirths. Lying at the centre of five tirthas, ghat symbolises both creation and destruction. At

Manikarnika Ghat, the mortal remains are consigned to flames with the prayers that the souls

rest in eternal peace. It is also believed that fire does not extinguish at this Ghat. There is a

sacred well at the Manikarnika Ghat, called the Manikarnika Kund. Manikarnika Kund is said to

be dug by Lord Vishnu at the time of creation while the hot ashes of the burnt bodies makes one

remember the inevitable destruction of everything in the world.

Panchaganga Ghat: As the name suggests, it is belived that five rivers Kirana, Ganga,

Yamuna, Saraswati and Dhuta-papa converge here. Dominating the ghat is Auangazeb's

smaller mosque, also known as the Alamgir Mosque, which he built on the site of large Vishnu

temple erected by the Maratha chieftain Beni Madhav Rao Scindia.

Assi Ghat: This Ghat marks the confluence of the Assi canal with the River Ganga. It is

believed that when Lord Durga killed the demons Shunga and Nishunga, her sword fell in

Varanasi creating a depression in the form of Assi canal. Out of these ghats Manikarnika,

Panchganga, Adi Kesava, Dasaswamedha and Assi Ghat comprise the “Pancha Jala Tirthas”.



Figure 5.16 : Map Showing Location of Ghats Along Ganga River

Apart from the Ghats, there are around 2000 temples, small, medium and big in size throughout

the city. Many important temples are located along the ghats of Ganga River, adding to the

religious value to the holey river. Some of the important temples are Kashi Vishwanath, the

Sankat Mochan temple, The Tulsi Manas temple, the Durga temple, the Kal Bhairav temple and

the Mritunjaya temple.

Kashi Vishwanath Temple: Located almost centrally on the west bank of River Ganga, this is

the most important temple in the city. It is also known as the Golden Temple dedicated to Lord

Shiva, the founder of the city. It is believed that Aurangzeb destroyed the original temple and

the stones were used to build a mosque next to the temple. The rear wall of the temple was left

untouched by Aurangzeb and Queen Ahilya later on built a new temple close to the old one.

Sankat Mochan Temple: Sankat Mochan temple is one of the sacred temples of Varanasi. It is

located in the southern part of Varanasi, near the Banaras Hindu University. It is dedicated to

the Hindu God, Hanuman. The word "Sankat Mochan" means one who helps in removing

sufferings i. e. Lord Hanuman. Tulsidas, the author of the famous Hindu epic



Ramacharitamanasa, founded the Sankat Mochan temple. According to Hindu mythology, one

who visits the Sankat Mochan temple regularly, his wishes get fulfilled. Every Tuesday and

Saturday, thousands of devotees queue up in front of the Sankat Mochan temple to offer

prayers to Lord Hanuman. According to Vedic Astrology, Hanuman protects human beings from

the anger of planet Saturn and those who have ill placed Saturn in their horoscope visit the

Sankat Mochan temple to get remedy. People put "Sindoor" on the statue and offer "laddoos" to

Lord Hanuman. The "Sindoor", from the statue of Lord Hanuman is put on the foreheads of

devotees.

Tulsi Manas Temple: Tulsi Manas temple is one of the most famous temples of Varanasi. It is

also an important tourist attraction of the holy city. The Tulsi Manas temple is located near the

famous Durga temple. It was built in white marble in the year 1964. The temple has been made

more harming by the magnificent landscaping around it. The Tulsi Manas temple is dedicated to

lord Ram. It is believed that temple is built at the same place where Tulsidas wrote the famous

Indian epic,

Archeological Importantant Place: (Ramnagar)

Ramnagar fort is located about 14 km from Varanasi city and 2.7 km in north of the proposed

terminal site. The Ramnagar fort houses a museum displaying the Royal collection of old silver

and brocade palanquins for the use of the ladies of the court, elephant howdahs made of silver

brocades, a replica of the royal bed and an armoury of swords and guns, vintage cars, royal

palkies, an armory of swords and old guns, ivory work and antique clocks.

Fairs and Festivals

Varanasi, the sacred corridor (tirtha) is the embodiment of living sacred heritage and hosts a

large number of fairs and festivals throughout the year. The importance of these festivals can be

seen from the number of pilgrims arriving and attending the fairs. During the greatest festivals

when more than 2500 people arrive per hour, the self-organization of the Varanasi pilgrimage

system intensifies partially due to increased mutual interaction of pilgrims who arrive in informal

groups of family and

friends or various kinds of pilgrimage tours. The fares and festivals that take place in Varanasi,

with their venue and period during which they occur is given in Table 5.36:

Table 5.36: Important festivals and the venue in Varanasi city

Festivals Venue Period of Occurrence

Paush Poornima Ghats January

Makar Sankranti Ghats January

Mauni Amavasya Ghats January/February

Magh Poornima Ghats/Ravidas Mandir February

Ganga Water Rally Ghats February

Dhrupad Mela Tulsighat March

Mahashivaratri Ghats & temples March

Navratra (Chaitra) Ghats / Temples April

Ram Navami Tulsi Manas Mandir & April



Ghats

Sankat Mochan Music Festival

Sankat Mochan Mandir April

Buddha Poornima Sarnath May

Ganga Dussehra Ghats June

Ramlila, Ramnagar Ramnagar September-October

Dhanush Yagya Ramnagar September

Ram Vivah Ramnagar September

Nakkataiya Ramnagar September

Pitra Visarjan Ghats September

Navaratra(Ashwin) Ghats & Temples October

Vijaya Dashmi / Dussehra

Ramnagar D.L.W Vidyapeeth

October



6. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

6.1. Introduction

Environmental impacts assessment was carried out considering present environmental setting

of the project area, and nature and extent of the proposed activities. Proposed project involves

development of multimodal inland water terminal at Ramnagar, Varanasi, U.P. Potential

environmental impacts associated with the project is classified as: (i) impacts during design and

construction phase and ii) impacts during operation phase/Post-construction phase. Sensitive

environmental and social components were identified during the site visits and qualitative and

quantitative techniques have been applied for direct and indirect assessment of impacts on the

identified environmental and social sensitive components. Impacts are classified as being

insignificant, minor, moderate and major.

Some of the important impacts associated with the proposed multimodal inland water terminal

will be associated with land use (land acquisition), land stability (soil erosion), soil compaction

and contamination, water availability, water quality of river/stream/canal, ground water

contamination, waste and wastewater disposal, ambient air quality, ambient noise levels,

vegetation, tree cutting (including social forestry tree), fauna ( terrestrial and aquatic), drainage

pattern, hydrology, socio economic, places of social/cultural importance (religious structures,

community structure), construction material sourcing and occupational health and safety.

Adequate mitigation measures are devised to mitigate/minimize all likely environmental impacts

and the same have been presented along with the impacts.

During the field study, consultations were also held within study area including local people and

Govt. authorities like PHED, Jal Nigam, Jalkal Vibhag, Ganga Pollution Unit etc. Outcome of

these consultations were used in impact assessment and devising mitigation measures.

6.2. Impact Identification

During the site visit, various environment and socially sensitive features were identified which

may potentially be impacted by the project at various stages. Identified impacts of the project

activities on the environment and social components are given below along with the activities

associated.

Table 6.1: Impact Matrix for Proposed Off-site Infrastructure

S.

No.

Activities Impacts Negative

Impact

Positive

Impact

Not

Applicable

Short

Term

Long

Term

Short

Term

Long

Term



A Pre-Construction Phase

i Land Acquisition for

access road and

railway connectivity

Diversion of

agricultural land

(ROW purpose only)

Impact on livelihood

ii Site Clearance &

Preparation

Removal of

Vegetation. Loss of

tree cover and

Impact on aesthetic

aspects

B Construction Phase

i

Construction of

Terminal

Loss of Top soil

Soil contamination

due to spillage of

material

Surface water

contamination

Air pollution

Noise pollution

Increase in traffic

Un pleasant view

Impact on Health &

safety

Social impact

Aquatic Ecology

Felling of Trees



C Operational Phase

i

Movement of

Vessels/Barges,

loading and

unloading activity,

storage of material,

transportation of

unloaded material

via road & railway,

running DG sets,

plantation of trees

Air Quality

Economic

Development

&Generation of

Employment

Infrastructural

development

Increased Run-off

Natural drainage

pattern

Noise Pollution

Surface Water

Pollution

Health & Safety

Soil Erosion and

Contamination

Terrestrial Ecology

Aquatic Ecology

Aesthetics

6.3. Impact on Climate

Project is unlikely to cause negative effect on climate. However, project can contribute positively

for climate. Further measures are proposed to improve the climate of the region

Mitigation Measures

Avoid cutting any tree standing on the proposed terminal site or temporary accesses

area of 600m length.




Compensatory tree planation shall be carried out for any tree cut as per state forest

policy

Addition plantation of local variety of tree (200 no one row of tree on three side of the

terminal land) shall be carried out along boundary of the terminal site

6.4. Impact Due to Natural Disaster

Project site lies in seismic zone III as per the BIS Seismoc zone map of India. Thus hazard

associated is moderate. Adoption of Relevant IS codes while designing the civil structures to

sustain the earthquake of moderate to high magnitude. High water & low water levels with

reference to the India Naval Hydrographic Chart Datum of river Ganga at site are RL+73.90 m &

RL + 58.22 m. Terminal site is above HFL of the river.

6.5. Impact on Air Environment

Pre-construction Phase

Pre-construction phase of development of phase 1A of proposed multimodal inland water

terminal will involve site clearance and leveling. There is no significant vegetation at the terminal

site & proposed temporary access road except few trees. Trees may be required to cut and trim

for construction of proposed facility. Temporary access road will connect terminal site to NH-7

through village road. At present terminal site is covered with municipal solid waste which has

been collected from city and is being dumped over the years on site.

Site clearance and leveling activities and will lead to dust generation. But these emissions will

be limited to the site only and have impact for short duration only during clearance activity.

Mitigation Measures

To minimize the dust generation, water should be sprinkled regularly at the site

Low sulphur diesel should be used in land levelling equipments to control the SO2 emissions.

Site should be cleaned regularly

If landfill site is not present nearby then a site should be identified for waste disposal. Site should not be agriculture land, should be away from residential and sensitive areas like school, temples and hospitals. Low lying areas should preferably be selected.

Debris & MSW disposal Site should be closed and rehabilitated after completion of the construction activities

Plantation should be carried out on the closed site to stabilize the soil in the area.

Trees should be fell only after obtaining permission from forest department

Construction Phase



Impact Due to Construction activities and material handling

The proposed project involves construction activities like onshore & offshore civil construction,

construction material handling and stocking, and construction vehicle movement etc, which will

generate fugitive dust and vehicular emissions. However, these emissions will be limited to the

construction area and the impact will be short duration, i.e during construction phase only. The

likely emission from construction vehicle, machinery, and generators is likely to be insignificant

as the pollutant emission activities (point and area sources) will be limited within the project

boundary and the activities will be short term (only for construction period). However, this impact

may further be minimized by adopting following mitigation measures.

Mitigation Measures

Sprinkling of water at construction site and haul roads

Covering the scaffolding to reduce the dust emission in outside environment

Provision of face mask to workers to minimize inhalation of dust particles

Construction vehicles and machinery should be regularly serviced and check for

pollution control and should carry PUC certificate

Low sulphur diesel should be used for running construction equipment and vehicles

Adequate parking space should be provided for the construction vehicles so as to

prevent idling of the vehicles and the emissions generating from them

Vehicles carrying construction material and debris should be covered with tarpaulin

cover

Raw materials, excavated soil and other debris should be stored under covered sheds

Green buffer should be developed all along the terminal site

Plantation should be carried out along both side of the access road

DG sets, hot mix plant, batching plant, if any should be provided with the stack of

adequate height as per CPCB norms and should be regularly maintained

Air quality monitoring should be carried out throught out the construction phase,

quarterly

All maintenance facilities, hot mix plant and concrete missing plant shall be established

with prior consent to establish to be obtained from SPCB. All such equipment/plant shall

be fitted with air pollution control system and shall comply with condition of consent to

establish.



Periodic ambient air quality monitoring & stack monitoring shall be carried as per

consent conditions

Power shall be sourced from national/state grid. DG sets shall be used only during

power failure.

Back-up power shall be set up with all provisions of containment for fuel leakages, air

pollution control (stack height as per regulation), and with acoustic enclosure.


Buildings designed should have green infrastructure. Measures should be taken to

conserve energy as per ECBC norms as applicable.

Traffic regulators ( Guard) shall be posted in habitat area and at key junction areas to

avoid congestion and the increased emissions due to traffic congestion

Impacts Due to Material Sourcing

Required construction material shall be sourced from nearest licensed and authorized

quarry/agency only so as to minimize the emissions in transportation of material to the site and

to discourage illegal quarrying and minming activities. Measures to be taken for effective

consruction material sopurcing are listed below

Material Sourcing

Aggregates required for embankment stone pitching and roads shall be procured from

licensed quarries.

It shall be ensures that selected quarries are having requisite environment clearance,

and comply with Air Pollution Control and Noise level requirements as per the law.

Copy of Environmental Clearance letter and Consent to Operate and shall Be obtained

and submitted to IWAI.



Each Quarry shall be visited prior to its selection to ensure its compliance with lease

conditions, EC and consent conditions.

Stone crushers, if required, shall be set up only after consent from SPCB and taking

adequate measures for air pollution control

Operation Phase



Development of paved surfaces will reduce the dust generation at the site. Since the project will

not be operationalize in phase 1A stage thus impact during operation of terminal will be covered

under Phase 1B.

Inland waterways are green way of transportation. Water transportation consume much less

energy as compared to road and rail transportation and dust emissions due to vehicular

movement will also not generate in water transportation. Development of inland waterway will

enhance water transportation reducing burden on rail & road transportation thus the will improve

the air quality of the area. Emissions from tow boat, train and truck carrying one ton of cargo for

1000 miles is given in table below for comparison.

Table 6.2: Emissions produced in movement of 1 ton of Cargo for 1000 miles by tow boat, truck and train

Mode Hydrocarbon (pounds)

Carbon monoxide (pounds)

Nitrous oxide (pounds)

Tow boat 0.09 0.20 0.53

Train 0.46 0.64 1.83

Truck 0.63 1.90 10.17

Source: EPA, Emission Control Lab

Mitigation Measures

Trees should be planted all along the terminal boundary

Tree plantation should start in construction stage only

Geo-textiles and mulching should be carried out to reduce soil erosion by wind and thus

the dust generation

6.6. Impact on Noise Environment

Pre-construction and Construction Phase

Pre-construction phase will involve site clearance activity for development of terminal and

temporary access road. Clearance of site will involve removal of vegetation and land leveling

activities. Operation of different machineries and equipments for construction activities, running

of heavy load traffic for construction materials transportation, and regular traffic movement may

generate noise during construction period. The produced noise may have impact on existing

acoustic environment of the area. There is no habitation area within 500 m of the terminal site

thus the impact of noise during construction phase will be insignificant on the residents of the

area. Noise generation during construction phase will also disturb the terrestrial and aquatic

flora & fauna.

Mitigation Measures



Machinery to be used should comply with the noise standards prescribed by CPCB

DG set shall be enclosed in acoustic enclosure

Workers shall be given ear plugs if working in high noise area. Job rotations should be

practiced for workers working in high noise zone

No noise generating activity shall be carried out in the night time

No construction activity should be carried out during the breeding and spawning season

of turtles

Temporary noise barriers should be provided near the high noise generating areas

Periodic noise level monitoring shall be carried out during construction phase

Speed control shall be enforced in habitat areas. Operation Phase

Since after construction of phase 1A of the terminal, terminal will not be operationalized thus the

impact during operation stage of the terminal will be discussed in phase 1B in detail.

However water transportation generates minimum noise if compared to road and rail traffic.

After operationalizing the terminal, noise generation in the area may increase due to

loading/unloading activity but overall noise generation in region will reduce as water

transportation will reduce the burden on rail and road traffic which generate higher level of noise

than water transportation.

6.7. Impacts on Water Resources

Pre-Construction and Construction Phase

Impacts on Ground & Surface Water Resources:

Water will be required for various construction activities & domestic purpose. Source of water for

these activities will be the surface water from river. Water should be withdrawn only after

obtaining permission from irrigation department. Measures should be taken to minimize the

water extraction by reducing water consumption and wastage. Mitigation measures are given

below.

Mitigation Measures

Best management practices will be required to be adopted to minimize water wastage and water

loss. Best management practices to be adopted are given below:

Water for curing can be saved by carrying out curing in early morning or late evening

and covering structures with gunny bag so as the moisture can be restored for longer

time.



Regular inspections at site to monitor leakages in water storage tanks

Creating awareness among construction workers about the importance of water

conservation

Adoption of the advance technologies and machinery which helps in minimizing water

requirement for construction

Storing the curing run-off and waste from other construction activity and using the same

for sprinkling.

Covering the water storage tanks at site to prevent evaporation losses.

The Area is under safe category as per Central Ground Water Board. However,

necessary permission shall be taken from district authorities as applicable before digging

the bore well, if any.

Staff and visitors should be made aware about water conservation by displaying posters

and signage

Preference shall be given to source water from rivers wherever feasible in the project

area with due permission from authorities. .


Construction of check dams in consultation with community to reduce burden on ground

water resources.

Efforts to restrict water intensive activities during summer period (April, May, June)

Impact on Surface Water Quality

Run-off from the construction site may carry the higher quantity of sediments and oil which may

pollute the surface water and impact the aquatic life. Also construction activity like pilling within

water body will increase the sediment load and turbidity in the water. Increased sediment load in

water may make water unfit for aquatic flora and fauna. But the impacts are short term and

confined to construction stage only. With following measures impacts on surface water quality

can be minimized

Mitigation Measures

Restoration of changes in the stream, if any, made during construction to its original

level.




Substructure construction should be limited to the dry season and cofferdams may be

constructed and utilized to lift the spoil directly out of it and carried to the riverbank for

land disposal.


Turbidity traps/curtains should be provide or Geo-Textile synthetic sheet curtain shall be

placed around pilling and construction area to prevent movement of sediments and

construction waste.

Provision shall be made for geo Synthetic Screen for arresting silt flowing down stream.

Water from dewatering (if any) should pass through sediment bags before discharge into

the river

Excavated area should be covered with tarpaulin during rains

To prevent piling up of excavated soil, raw material and construction debris at site by

proper management and disposal

Minimize run-off by using sprays for curing

Maintaining appropriate flow of water sprinklers at site to prevent water ponding at site

Collection & Reusing of curing over flow, tyre wash water etc within the site

Construction of adequate nos. of toilets and proper sanitation system to prevent open

defecation along the river banks/water supply lines

Construction of soak pits/septic tanks to dispose-off the domestic waste water generated

from labour camps to prevent disposal of sewage in surface water bodies

Proper collection, management and disposal of construction and municipal waste from

site to prevent mixing of the waste in run-off and entering the water bodies

No debris/construction material should enter the aquaculture ponds and other water

body in the area

Construction of storm water drains along with sedimentation tanks with sand bags

partition as barrier for direct flow of run off to river.

Storm water drains should be provided at the terminal facility to drain the storm water

during operation phase into the river. Storm water drains should be provided with oil &

grease trap

All washing and maintenance effluent from the workshop area of vehicle maintenance

area should darin to separate collection areas fitted with oil and grease trap and de-



siltation chamber. The treated water shall be used for dust suppression and green belt

development. This water shall not be discharged to river at all.

Periodic water quality monitoring shall be carried out during construction phase

Provision shall be made for collection and draining of water for the piling earth. It shall be

used for embankment protection or road construction depending on its suitability.

Natural Drainage pattern of area around shall be maintained.

No waste shall be allowed to dumped to industrial effluent Nala flowing adjacent to the

terminal site. Its opening to river shall not be obstructed in any manner.

Impacts on Ground Water Quality

Ground water level at the river bank is shallow. Thus while construction of the terminal; it may

be required to dewater the groundwater for construction. This water should be used for

construction purpose. If this water is discharged into the river then it should pass through

sediments bags. Only the shallow water aquifer will be disturbed and disturbance will be

confined to project site. No significant impact of terminal construction is anticipated on ground.

Impacts on Drainage Pattern & Hydrology

Terminal site is located along the River Ganga. A drain surrounding the proposed terminal site

flows from inland towards River Ganga. Construction of the paved surfaces like roads, loading

and unloading bay, and other terminal facilities will increase the run-off from the area.

Construction activities will obstruct the flow of the river in that area. Terminal site constructed is

above the HFL level of the River in that stretch. Stone pitching will be carried out both in

upstream and downstream to protect the embankment from erosion. A riverside subsurface

artificial embankment should be constructed to protect the terminal structure/foundation from

collapsing due to push of water.

Following measures should be taken to minimize the impact on drainage and hydrology of the

area.

.Mitigation Measures

Storm water drains should be provided at the terminal facility to drain the storm water

from the site during operation phase into the river.


Operation Phase

Impacts on Ground & Surface Water Resources:



Since project will not be operationalize after completion of phase 1A construction, impacts

during operation phase has not been discussed here and will be dealt in EIA study of phase 1B

of the terminal.

However construction of terminal and berth will impact on water flow in the area and thus will

affect the quality of water due to poor circulation. In case if untreated effluent from terminal

facility and from ships/barges is disposed off is discharged into the river, it will result into

stagnation of wastewater. This condition may deteriorate through increase of phytoplankton and

decrease of dissolve oxygen, resulting from eutrophication of water, caused by effluents

containing nutrient salts. Thus sewage generated should not be discharge into river.

Impacts on Surface & Ground Water Quality

Due to construction of paved surfaces, run-off will increase but will carry less sediment load.

Since project will not be operationalize after construction of phase 1A thus the impacts on

surface and ground water quality during operation stage of the terminal are not discussed here

and will be dealt with EIA study of phase 1B.

6.8. Impact on Land Environment

Pre-Construction and Construction Phase

Impacts due to Land acquistion

Private land of 5.685 ha has been acquired for construction of phase 1A of the proposed

terminal site. Acquired land is agriculture fallow land. Land acquisition process has been

completed and compensation has been given to the land owners as per law of land. Following

measures should be taken to minimize loss due to land acquistion

Mitigation Measures

Fuel storage Further for borrow area and debris disposal, agriculture land should not be

identified but waste land should preferably be selected

Land for borrow area and debris disposal should be taken only after consent of land

owner

Proper closure of borrow are and debris disposal site should be carried out

Provision shall be made for collection and draining of water for the piling earth. It shall be used for embankment protection or road construction depending on its suitability rather than using the sand/soil from borrow pits

Impacts due to Change in Land Use Pattern



At present the site is open land with sparse vegetation. After construction of terminal, paved

areas will be constructed. This will increase the run-off and will obstruct the recharge of the

storm water.

Impact on Topography & Geology

No impact on topography & Geology is anticipated due to development of terminal site as the

terminal site is flat land. Site is above HFL of Ganga River. Excavation will be carried out for

laying the foundation of the proposed facilities but these activities will be confined to project site

only.

Impact on Top Soil and Soil Quality

Development of the structures and construction of the road may disturb the soil profile of the

area. Top soil will be removed from the site for construction of proposed facilities. This top soil

should be excavated upto 15 cm and should be stored under covered sheds till construction

phase and should be used for landscaping in later stage.

Sand may also be required for filling purpose for road construction and construction of off-shore

structure. The sand should be purchased from authorized dealers only. If borrow pits are

required then environment clearance & consent of land owner shall be obtained prior

excavation. Area identified for borrow pits should not be agriculture land, waste land should be

used preferably. Borrow area should be selected towards the river side as it will eventually be

filled naturally in due course of time due to deposition action of river. Borrow areas should not

be selected near residential areas and sensitive zones like school, temples and hospitals.

Storage of raw material, fuel and construction debris may contaminate the soil thus measures

should be taken to prevent the soil pollution. Mitigation measures to be adopted are mentioned

below. Contractors are required to take all the proposed mitigation measures. IWAI will ensure

that all the proposed mitigation measures are being incorporated in the bid document issued to

the contractor and the implementation of the same during construction.

Mitigation Measures

Top soil from site, borrow area, debris disposal site should be excavated and stored

separately and should be relayed in case of borrow area and debris disposal site at time

of closure and top soil from terminal site should be used for landscaping in later stage

No piling of raw material at site

Raw material will be stored under covered sheds and paved surface

Fuel storage area should be paved with gentle slope to a corner and connected with a

chamber to collect any spills of the oils




Adoption of best management practices to prevent any spillage of raw materials

Construction debris should be stored under covered sheds and paved surface and

should be disposed off regularly to designated sites

Waste from labour camps can be segregated at site. Food waste/wet waste should be

composted in pits within the camp site. Recyclable waste should be sold to the

authorized dealers and the remaining should be disposed off at designated sites through

local agencies responsible for waste management in the area.

Oil and grease spill and oil soaked materials are to be collected and stored in labelled

containers (Labelled: WASTE OIL; and hazardous sign be displayed) and sold off to

SPCB/ MoEF authorized vendors.

Movement of construction vehicles, machinery and equipment shall be restricted to the

designated haulage route.

Impacts due to soil erosion on River bank

Construction activity, excavation activity etc enhances the soil erosion in the area. Construction

of onshore structure also leads to unstability of the banks which will lead to enhanced soil

erosion. Construction of terminal facility may enhance erosion of embankment in upstream and

downstream of proposed terminal site. Following measures should be taken to prevent soil

erosion:

Mitigations Measures

Provision of cross drainage structure shall be made in the access road if required to

maintain the natural drainage pattern.


Measures like building of scouring protection structures, protection by geo-textiles

matting etc shall be made, if river bank erosion is found around the terminal area.


Embankment protection measures (stone pitching) shall be made in both upstream and

downstream to the extent that erosion is minimized.



Impact on landscape and scenic beauty



Project site is fallow land. Construction activities and machinery will also provide unpleasant

view but proper up keeping of site and provision of adequate sewage and waste management

facility at site will maintain the hygiene and cleanliness at site.

Impact due to solid waste management

Construction activities involve generation of construction debris like bricks, mortar, dried

cement/concrete, metal pieces etc. from construction activities, municipal waste from the labour

camps and hazardous waste like used oil from cleaning, servicing and lubrication of machinery,

equipment, vehicles and DG sets. These wastes should be properly managed and handled as

they have potential to contaminate air, soil & water quality. Following measures should be taken

to prevent environment pollution due to solid waste generated:

Different color bins should be provided at construction site and labour camps for

segregation of waste at source

Awareness should be spread amongst the staff/labours to use dustbins and not to litter

Housekeeping staff should be appointed to ensure clean site conditions

Recyclable waste should be sold to authorized dealers, compostable waste should be pit

composted so as it can be used as manure for carrying out plantation and remaining

waste should be send for landfilling through authorized agency in area responsible for

waste management

Construction debris should be re-used within site for construction of roads etc to the

extent possible. These debris can also be used in borrow area closure but should not be

contaminated with any hazardous waste.

A site should be identified for construction debris disposal. This site should be min. 1000

m away from residential areas and sensitive location like schools. Agriculture land

should not be selected for this purpose. Debris disposal site should properly be closed

and rehabilitated at end of construction by covering it with layer of soil and carrying out

plantation

Survival rate of plantation at closed debris disposal site should be monitored for atleast 1

year.

No waste should be dumped in identified borrow area site or any other area outside

project site.

Hazardous waste like used oil shall be stored in HDPE containers and should be stored

in isolated area at site. After accumulation of sufficient quantity, it should be sold to

authorized dealers (every 3 months)



River Bed material shall be tested for contaminants before its use or disposal for land fill

site. If any level of heavy metal contamination is found than it shall be disposed off in a

secure manner.

Operation Phase

Impact on Land Use & Soil quality

Since project will not be operationalize after construction of phase 1A thus the impacts on land

environment during operation phase are not discussed here and will be dealt in detail in EIA

study of phase 1B.

However operation of terminal will lead to increased traffic movement, loading and unloading

activities, storage of fuel for running cranes, DG sets during power failure, cleaning of

machinery & site and etc. Thus the storm water from site and waste water generated from

cleaning site and roads should not be disposed on land. Proper storm water should be provided

with oil & grase trap and the storm water should then be discharged into river. Also wastewater

generated during operation phase should be disposed off properly through septic tank/soak pit.

Leakage of wastewater pipelines should be checked through regular inspection so as to prevent

contamination of soil.

Also after construction & operationalization of the terminal in this area further developments are

expected to occur in nearby area which will affect the land use pattern of the area.

6.9. Impacts on Biological Environment

Pre-construction and construction Phase

Impact on terrestrial flora & Fauna

The proposed site is devoid of any major plantation. Some agriculture activities were taken up

by nearby villagers within the land in the past but these activities have been discontinued now.

Now the land is categorized as fallow land. There are about 12 small trees of Khajur (Phoenix

sylvestris) and 8 trees of Babool shrubs (Acacia spp.) are present in the identified land. These

trees may require to be removed.

The access road to connect site crosses through the Ralhupur villages. This road is pucca upto

the Rahlpur village. About 700 m stretch that connect terminal site to Rahlupur village levelling

and widening. Trees of Jamun, Peepal, Babul and Sisham etc are present along this road.

Houses and shops also exist along the access road. The access road (700 m stretch that have

to develop) is almost clear, only one or two trees of Jamun, is present along the road alignment

that may require to be removed. One big tree also requires some chopping for clearing the

passes. Nilgai are also observed at the site.

No significant impacts are anticipated on the terrestrial flora & fauna. However Following

measures are required to be taken to prevent any damage to flora and fauna



Mitigation Measures

Only trees essential and marked should be fell for construction purpose. Permission

from forest department should be taken for felling any tree

No construction activity should be carried during night time as it may disturb the animals

in the area

All workers should be instructed not to kill any animal in any circumstance observed at or

outside the site

Twice the nos. of tree fell should be planted as compensator afforestation.

Terminal site should be provided with peripheral green belt.

Construction site should be barricaded to prevent trespassing of any animal

Green belt plantation and afforestation should be started in construction phase in ratio

as per state forest policy

Tree plantation shall be made as feasible at site and around the site depending on land

availability.


Caution sign shall be placed to prevent hunting of wild animal and birds. Heavy fines

should be imposed if any such activity is reported at site


Impact on aquatic flora & Fauna

Tortoise Sanctuary is located at about 2.0 Km from site. Necessary permission shall be

obtained from National Board of Wild Life prior to start of construction. No movement of tortoise

is reported upward to the site. No harm shall be caused to this tortoise. No breeding ground is

noticed around the project site. However construction activity shall be restricted during

spawning period of June to August.

Run-off from the construction site will carry high sediment load and also the construction

activities within water for pilling may lead to generation of high turbidity levels. High turbidity

may reduce the primary productivity by killing the planktons and affect submerged aquatic flora

by reducing the penetration level of sunlight. High turbid water also impact the fishes as it enters

into fish gills and may lead to fish kill. But these activities are short term and confined for the

construction phase only thus the impact anticipated are temporary and short term. Higher

turbidity also may impact the turtle sanctuary downstream



Leakage of oils, oily wastes and mixtures from construction activity may directly cause damage

to fishery resources and aquatic biota. Biodegradation of oil also generates polymerizedoil

particles and toxic aromatic fractions using dissolved oxygen in the water, which indirectly cause

damages to bottom biota and habitat. Both effects may affect aquatic ecology. Mitigation

measures are required to be taken for prevention of any impacts on flora and fauna.

Mitigation Measures

Piling should not be carried out during breeding and spawning season and also to be

carried out in low water season, i.e. pre-monsoon

Concrete and wood piling should be carried out in place of wood piling

Maintaining equipment in good condition to prevent leaks or spills of potentially

hazardous materials like hydraulic fluid, diesel, gasoline and other petroleum products

Recovering waste or any miscellaneous unused materials for disposal in an

appropriately certified facility or placed in storage Maintaining emergency spill equipment

available whenever working near or on the water

Positioning water borne equipment in a manner that will minimize damage to fish

habitat.

Fish exclusion devices may be installed in the water column around the pile

driving area to prevent fish access. The need for exclusion would be determined

on the basis of installation timing, mitigation measures, the success of mitigation

measures in the field etc

Bubble curtains (with frames acceptable to DFO) over the wetted length of the

pile may be required to mitigate impacts on aquatic life

Turbidity traps/curtains should be provide or Geo-Textile synthetic sheet curtain shall be

placed around pilling and construction area to prevent movement of sediments and

construction waste.

Visual and hydrophone monitoring will be conducted during pile driving, at a

range of depths in the water column and at varying distances and directions from

the pile being driven, to measure sound waves and determine if temporary work

stoppages and / or additional mitigation strategies are required to maintain levels

below 30 kPa

Hydrophone monitoring shall be carried out throughout the pile driving from

beginning to end and particularly during periods of pile driving resistance or

refusal



Using lightning as per need basis only especially during night time as lighting

during night time may disturb the flora and fauna. Lighting should be oriented in a

way tthat illumination of water body is avoided

No excavation on shore shall be carried out during monsoon

Run-off from the construction site & dewatered water should pass through the

sediment bags prior disposal in river

Workers should be trained to handle the equipment and material at site so as to

minimize the spillage of materials and contamination of water

All workers should be made aware of not throwing any waste in the river or any

drain

No construction debris/ already accumulated solid waste at site or waste

generated from labour camp should be thrown in river or any drain

Sewage generated from labour camp should not be directed into river but should

be disposed off through septic tank/soak pit

In case any tortoise is sited, necessary caution notice shall be displaced and conveyed

to all construction workers and officers.

Operation Phase


biological environment during operation phase are not discussed here and will be dealt in detail

in EIA study of phase 1B.

However operation phase will involve movement of barges in the river which will increase the

chances of polluting water making water unfit for aquatic like due to oil spillage, discharge of

wastewater/waste etc. Also run-off from terminal site specially loading and unloading bay,

roads, parking area may contain oil & grease which again may deteriorate water quality. All

these impacts will be discussed in detail in EIA to be carried out for phase 1 B of the terminal

facility

6.10. Impacts on Socio-Economy

Pre-construction and construction Phase

Loss of livelihood and land

Fishing activities are seen in the river close to site. Construction activity may disturb the fishing

activity in the area. Disturbance to the fishermen should be minimized. Fishermen should be pre

intimated of the hazards associated to fishing equipment and life if entered in construction zone.



Arrangement shall be made to provide free access to river and undisturbed safe movement of

the fishermen.

Land of 5.685 ha has been acquired for constructing phase 1A of terminal facility. Acquired land

is agriculture fallow land. No agriculture activity has been reported during site visit at site. Also

during discussion in FGDs, it was learned that land is no long used for agriculture purpose by

land holders. Compensation has been given to all the land holders as per law of land. Thus no

impact on livelihood is anticipated for people losing land.

Impacts on Land Due to Borrow Area

Further agriculture land should not be acquired for purpose of borrow area, debris disposal and

location of construction labour camps. Land to be taken for above purpose should be taken only

after consent of land owner. Following measures should be taken for identification, maintaining

and closure of borrow areas:

Mitigation Measures- For Management of borrow Areas

Non-productive lands, barren lands, raised lands; wastelands shall be used for

borrowing earth with the necessary permissions/consents.

Agricultural areas not to be used as borrow areas unless requested by the

landowner for lowering the land for making it cultivable.


Environmental Clearance from State Environmental Impact Assessment

Authority and required permission from District Magistrate shall be obtained

prior to excavation. Copy of this permission shall be submitted to IWAI before

start of excavation.

Record of location, area, accessibility to the location and photograph of borrow

area should be maintained prior to excavation

Site selected for borrow area should be approved by PMC & IWAI expert prior to

excavation

Ridges of not less than 8m width will be left at intervals not exceeding 300m.

Small drains will be cut through the ridges, if necessary, to facilitate drainage.

The slope of the edges will be maintained not steeper than 1:4 (vertical:

Horizontal).




Rehabilitation shall be satisfactorily undertaken immediately after the use has

ceased and at least three weeks prior to monsoon.



Impact on Health, Aesthetics and Hygiene due to occupational health hazard

Construction activities lead to generation of dust, unpleasant view, hazardous working

conditions, obstruction in fishing activity in that area etc which may impact the society

significantly. Adequate safety management plan, waste management plan, air, soil, noise and

water pollution controls are required to be adopted during construction phase to prevent any

impact on society. Measures to prevent any damage to health, aesthetic and hygiene are as

follows:

Mitigation Measures


Training workers to handle the equipment so as to prevent accidents

Training workers to handle emergency situation like fire, earth quake and flood

Pre-joining medical checkup of workers and periodic six monthly medical

checkup for workers should be carried out

First aid facilities including ambulance should be provided at the site. Also tie-ups

with local hospital should be done to handle emergency case, if any

Labour camps should be located at neat and clean location with no water logging issues

and should be well ventilated with adequate illumination, kitchen and safe drinking water

facility

Construction labour camps and site should be properly cleaned and hygiene

should be maintained

Proper sanitation facility like toilet and bathing facility should be provided at site

and labour camps. Wastewater generated from these facilities should be

disposed off through septic tanks and soak pit

LPG should be provided as fuel for cooking to workers and open burning of fuel

should not be allowed

Wastewater from construction site should not be allowed to accumulate at site as

standing water may lead to breeding of mosquitoes



Temporary storm water drainage system should also be provided at camp site and

construction site so as to drain the storm water and prevent accumulation of storm water

at site and thus breeding of mosquitoes/flies

Workers should be trained to handle the materials so as to prevent spillage and

any other accident

Safety officers should be appointed at site so as to ensure all safety measures

are taken at the site

All construction workers shall be provided with personal protective equipments

and fines should be imposed if found not wearing

Job rotation should be carried out for workers exposed to high noise and dust areas

Activity like smoking and consuming liquor should be prohibited at the site

Traffic manager should be present at the site all the time to manage incoming

and outgoing traffic to prevent accidents

Crèche facility should be provided for kids if female workers are employed

Regular inspection for hygiene and safety in labour camps should be done

Provision of cautionary and guiding signage in local and English language indicating the

hazard associated with the site & activities. Usage of fluorescent signage, in local

language at the construction sites

Speed limit of vehicles should be restricted at site to prevent any accidents and

fines should be imposed on vehicles if same is not maintained

Employment should be provided preferable to local & affected people

Entry to the fuel storage area and construction equipment rooms should be restricted

and should be allowed for trained personnel

Dustbins should be provided at labour camps for collection of waste and waste should

be regularly disposed off through the concerned agency

Arrangement of fire-fighting should be made at site and workers should be trained to use

the system in case of fire

Entrance to any road/structure should not be blocked for construction of terminal

Site should be barricaded and entrance of outsiders should strictly be prohibited

All proposed environmental pollution measures should be taken during construction of

phase 1A to prevent harm to existing environmental quality of the area, which is being

enjoyed by the residents of that area

Impact on Infrastructure& Utilities



No sensitive feature like religious structures, school, hospital etc and any other utility is located

at the terminal site. To provide access to terminal a temporary access road will be constructed

which will be connected to NH-7 through village road which will increase the burden and traffic

movement on village road. Following measures should be taken to prevent impact on existing

facilities

Mitigation Measures

Maintenance and repair of the village road should be carried out both before and end of

construction by contractor.

Sprinkling of water should be carried out in village road also, so as to minimize dust

generation due to movement of construction vehicles.

Construction vehicle movement should be restricted to non-peak hours, i.e late evening

(7-12:00 pm) only. Villagers should also be given intimation of these timings.

All construction vehicles should follow the designated rout and restricted speed limits.

All construction vehicles should be regularly serviced and maintained and carry pollution

under control certificate

Construction labour camp, plant site, debris disposal site and borrow areas shall

belocated minimum 500 m distance from habitations and 1000 m from forest area to

prevent damage to existing environmental quality and resources

No cultural resources & utilities are located at the site which is required to be removed from the

site.

Generation of Employment

Employment will be generated during construction phase. Unskilled jobs can be provided to

local people. Skilled jobs will be provided on the basis of skill assessment.

Further, the construction labour force will be requiring food and other items, which is expected

to be supplied by the local eateries, retail shops and the local community. The local community

members can take advantage of these opportunities. Employment generation benefits improve

the quality of life of the labourers and enhance their productivity and living standards.

Mitigation Measures

Child labour should be strictly prohibited

Women should also be provided equal job opportunity as per suitability

Preferably local people should be given employment

Operation Phase




biological environment during operation phase are not discussed here and will be dealt in detail

in EIA study of phase 1B.

However operation of the terminal facility will have significant impact on socio-economy.

Terminal facility will help in enhancing the internal trade thereby improving the economy of the

area. Also the project will lead to generation of employment for both skilled and unskilled labour.



7. PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS AND DISCLOSURE

Public consultations are important for any investment in infrastructure development project. This

is an important tool to ensure peoples‟ participation in the planning and implementation phase of

the project. The aim of the public consultation is to make the people aware about the

developmental activities being undertaken in their locality and to incorporate their views for

making a sustainable plan during the design to the successful completion of the project.

In this project various consultations with stakeholders at different stages of the project

preparation were undertaken and issues related to local needs, problem and prospects of

resettlement, compensation options etc. were discussed. The project will therefore ensure that

the affected people and other stakeholders are informed, consulted, and allowed to participate

actively in the planning and development process. This will be done throughout the course of

the project, both during preparation, implementation, and monitoring of project results and

impacts.

The need for public consultation for this kind of an intervention is many folds. Following points

were considered while conducting the public consultations as major objectives.

I. Informing people about the project, its objectives and potential impacts.

II. Understand the views of the people affected, with reference to use of land.

III. Understand views of people on resettlement options, if any.

IV. Identify and assess major economic and social characteristics of the villages to enable

effective planning and implementation of rehabilitation.

V. Resolve issues related to impacts on community property and their relocation, if any.

VI. Identify levels and extent of community participation in project implementation and

monitoring.

VII. To establish an understanding for identification of overall developmental goals and

benefits of the project.

VIII. To develop a thorough coordination between the stakeholders for the successful

implementation of the project.

7.1. Methods of Public Consultation

Public consultations in the project area were held on 24.6.2015 at Balwa Ghat under Rampur

town near the proposed terminal location. The following methodology has been adopted for

carrying out public consultations in this project:

- Disseminating information on the project development and the general consultations that

were being held.

- Walk over survey and discussion with people within the affected area.

- Individual interviews with affected people.



- Sharing the opinions and preferences of the affected persons/ family.

The methodology adopted included providing information to the affected families (fishermen,

boatman and squatters), the Village Revenue officials and the members of the affected families

through the field team of the consultant. The appropriate date, time and the venue were also

finalized in consultation with the affected people and conducted at a convenient location in

concurrence. The invitation was given through individual contacts at the site. The extensive

discussions at individual levels during the field survey facilitated in finalizing the issues to be

discussed during the Public Consultations. Thus the Public Consultations were extensive and

effective.

The contacts and the target stakeholders’ during the Public consultations

Institutional Consultations:

- Special Land Acquisition Officer

- IWAI

- Banaras Development Authority

- Health Department

- District Statistical Department

- PWD Rural and Urban

- PMGSY

- Agriculture Department

- Irrigation Department (Sigra)

- BHU

- Jal Nigam

- UPSIDC

- DIC

Community Consultations:

- Village elders and leaders

- Affected families

- Vulnerable groups

In addition to the above consultations the project team provided information to the affected

population and the communities about the project developments. All suggestions about the

alignment.

However, at the implementation stage the executive summary of this RP will be translated in the

local language and distributed amongst the affected population. A copy of the Detailed RP will

be available with the respective local administration and the Implementing agency at the field

level for access to the affected population. The land acquisition details is as per the Land

Acquisition Act will be published in the local papers in local language for the easy access and

understanding of the local population. The detail of the contacts during the Stakeholder

Consultations is detailed below in the Table 7.1:



Table 7.1: Detail of the contacts during the Stakeholder Consultations

Sl. No. Stakeholders Name and designation

1 IWAI-Varanasi Mr AK Misra(Deputy Director) Mr. Brijesh(Land acquisition In charge)

2. Special Land Acquisition officer

Mr. Rajinder Prasad(Special Land Acquisition officer )

3. Health Department Dr. MP Chaurasia, Chief Medical Officer Varanasi

4. Varanasi VikasParadhikaran Banaras Development Authority

Mr. TejPratap, (City Planner) Mr. Gopal Krishan (Executive Engineer –VDA)

5 District Statics department Varanasi (VikashBhawan)

Rapesh Kumar, (DESTO) 541 525214

4 PWD Satya Prakash Chief Engineer (Varanasi Circle)

5 PMGSY Mr. MP Singh Administration Office (9621626963)

6 Agriculture department DISTRICT Agriculture office Varanasi VikasBhawan

7 Irrigation Department (Sigra)

RaghuveerSarev, (S.E) OP Srivastava Chief Engineer

8 Ramnagar (BalauvaGhat) Fishermen, Boatmen and Squatters at Ghat

9 Banaras Hindu University Prof N.K Dubey (FNASC) (9838602197) Prof B D Tripathy (UGC-BSR Faculty fellow BHU, Ganga Pollution Research ) (94152 25011)

10 Jal Nigam Mr. SP Srivastava (Chief Engineer)

11 PWD Urban Part Mr. RapeshRajvanshi

12 UPSIDC Varanasi Mr. SubhashTripathy 9935757014

13 District Industries Centre Mr. Umesh Kumar Singh Joint Commissioner Industries

14 Ganga Pollution Mr. Ramesh Chaudhary, GM

15 BHU Ms. UshaKumari Senior Research Fellowship Zoology Department

The key findings of the stakeholder consultation details have been provided below:



7.2. Institutional Consultation

Consultations at the institutional level was to understand the proposed infrastructure

development projects around the proposed NW-1 project. It came out with the discussion that

no infrastructure development project will cause any adverse impact on the NW-1 project. The

planned projects will facilitate the NW-1 project; i.e. road connectivity with the terminal, sewage

treatment for clean ganga. The environment issues discussed with stockholders is provided in

Table 7.2:

Table 7.2: Environment Issues discussed with stockholders

Date Location and Concern

Person

Environmental Issues

20.06.2015 A.K.Mishra

Deputy Director

IWAI,Varanasi

According to him site location is suitable for

development of terminal from HFL prospective. Other

points he added are

Economic Feasible Reduce Air and noise pollution, Increased Employment

21.06.2015 Fisherman and Boatman,

Balua Ghat,Varanasi

Discussion was carried out with Fishermen and

boatman regarding the impact of this project. Most of

them are educated till Higher secondary level. People

are well aware about the project. The main issues of

the fisherman and boatman are:

Negative impact on fish due to pollution Suspected Reduction in fish catch due to

pollution Suspect their boats running business and

which will affect their daily income. Construction will cause siltation due to which

fish will dies Some of them wants this project because

more job opportunity will create in the area.

22.06.2015 Ralhupur Village Discussion was carried out with Farmers, students

and PAF regarding the impact of this project. People

are well aware about the project. The main issues of

the villagers are:

Not satisfied with the Compensation given to them by Govt.

Most of them want this project because more job opportunity will create in the area.



People were expecting permanent job in this project.

Majority of people have positive attitude towards the project.

People also expect infrastructure development such as good roads, water supply, power supply in their area after coming up of proposed terminal.

People expects that the upcoming project is of less polluting industries so as no pollution related problems will observed in the area.

23.06.2015 Ajay roy,DFO,

Kashi Van Mandal

Kacchua sanctuary

Varanasi

Discussion was carried out to identify environmental

issues may associate with Turtle Sanctuary.

Following are the main concerns of the officer:

There turtle will get impacted due to regular movement of ships and vessels in river.

Because the Turtle is very shy in nature the noise generated from the waterway transport will affect them.

Siltation during the construction period will create a problem to aquatic fauna.

Chance of oil spillage from the ships will contaminate the Ganga water quality.

Solid waste generation management shall be done in scientific manner.

24.06.2015

Dr.B.D. Tripathi

UGC-BSR,BHU

Ganga pollution Research,

NMCGA

Discussion was carried out with him regarding this

project. Following are the main concerns of Dr.

Tripathi was:

Ganga River has anti bacterial quality on itself. Execution of this project, Ganga will lose its anti bacterial property.

Aquatic flora and fauna will disturbs Religious point of view he was not satisfied. Overall he is not in favor of this project.

24.06.2015 E.S.P.Srivastava,

Sacchiv,Jal Nigam

Irrigiation Department

Varanasi

He is concerned about the vibration generated due to

heavy traffic movement can disturb the strata of

pump wells located in Ganga river for drinking water

purposes.



26.06.2015

Dr. G.S. Dharbari

President of U.P chamber of

commerece

Output of the discussion is as below

There is very less water in many stretches along the Ganga. How is it feasible?

There is huge siltation in Ganga River. How the waterways will maintain.

Construction and dredging will lead to siltation and create problem to aquatic fauana.

7.3. Affected Person’s (Land Acquisition) Consultation

Land Acquisition for the terminal was carried out earlier and the affected families have

approached the court for higher compensation. Points discussed with them as follows :

Consultation with Affected families in Rahalupur, Ramnagar, Varanasi

As per PAFs, a consultation were held in 1991 for their land acquisition but they got compensation in 2004 of Rs.22000/- per Biswa that was very less because the circle rate in 1991 was Rs.1.90 lakhs per Biswa.

As per PAFs, they lost their land in 1991 due to construction of the terminal and did not get compensation at 2004 circle rate.

They wished and expect from authority that their compensation should be on current market price.

They got notification from government before acquisition of their land.

As per villagers, officers from block/anchal never talked to them regarding compensation and land acquisition.

They have been growing crops like Jau, Pulse, Arhar, Masoor for a long time on their landbut now they have been gradually losing their irrigation land.

Villagers are requesting that compensation of their land should be as per prevailing market rate, if it is not feasible at least compensation should be disbursed to them on circle rate.

Some Project affected families have filed petitions in the court for higher compensation.

Sl.No. Name of the Affected Persons

1 Dinesh Singh

2 Ashok Singh

3 Santosh Kumar Singh

4 Alok Kumar Singh

5 Gopal Singh

6 Narender Bahadur Singh

7 Laxami Prasad Rai and family



7.4. Direct/Indirect Affected Person’s Consultation

Four Consultations sessions were carried out with the fishermen, boatmen and Squatters at the

Balwa Ghat near the proposed terminal. The outcome of the consultations are as follows:

People were happy with the NW-1 project.

As per fisherman it is their ancestor livelihood, forefather involved in this profession

As per these fisherman, area of the Sanctuary is around 7 km starting from Ram Nagar Fort to Malvipur.

They extract upto five kg fish from Ganga river and sells these fishes from Rs.60/- to Rs.200/- per kg.

Fishermen sell their catch near the ghatin the evening and the provision to continue the same should be ensure.

Ghat is also used for various religious activities, which give them livelihood and are looking for continued livelihood activities during project work phase.

Squatters are happy and looking for new livelihood/ business opportunities.

Villagers informed that forest department is not allowing their boats for fishing, which is affecting their livelihood and government should allow fishing or provide them work in project as per their skill and education background.

Some awareness program should be run by the Government agencies to update the project activities on regular basis.

7.5. Conclusion:

Social Assessment (SA) has been carried out as part of the entire study. Under the study, basic

social investigations were carried out to collect views and opinions of different stakeholders of

the project area. The main objective of the SA under this project was to carry out an

assessment on prevailing socio-economic condition and likely impacts of the project and

prospects in connection with the proposed structures and interventions of the project.

A further study in detail (if required) will be carried out once the land acquisition and related

activities are complete to identify the project-affected household, their socio-economic condition

and assessment of their land and properties to be affected under the project. A resettlement and

rehabilitation plan will be prepared considering due attention about the socio-economic

condition of the PAFs, and other vulnerable and indigenous group of people likely to be affected

due to the implementation of project.



Baluva Ghat Photos

Session 1: Consultation with Boatmen and Fishing community

Session 2: Consultation with Boatmen, Sqatters and Fishing community

Session 3: Consultation with Boatmen and Fishing

community Photograph of Baluva Ghat



Consultation with affected Families at Rahalupur Fish Mandi at Baluwa ghat Ramnagar

Session 3: Consultation with Boatmen and Fishing community



8. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN AND MONITORING INDICATORS

8.1. Introduction

The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is the synthesis of all proposed mitigation and

monitoring actions, set to a time frame with specific responsibility assigned and follow-up

actions defined. EMP is a plan of actions for avoidance, mitigation and management of the

negative impacts of the project. Environmental enhancement is also an important component of

EMP. A detailed set of mitigation measures have been compiled in view of the likely impacts

associated with the proposed phase 1A of multimodal inland water terminal at Varanasi

8.2. The Environmental Management Plan

The EMP consists of a set of mitigation, monitoring and institutional measures to be taken

during the design, construction and operation (post-construction) stages of the project. The

EMP has been designed keeping in view the regulatory and other requirements to ensure the

following:

Minimum disturbance to the native flora and fauna

Compliance with the air, water, soil and noise quality norms.

Conservation of water to the extent possible through rain water harvesting,

wastewater recycling

Considering all the impacts identified for construction phase of terminal 1A, during the EIA

study, mitigation measures are proposed to prevent pollution. Impacts associated with operation

phase are not discussed here as the project will not be operationalized after construction of

phase 1A and same will be discussed in EIA study of phase 1B. Detailed EMP is given below



Table 8.1: Environment Management Plan



Documents


Time Frame

Indicative /

Mitigation Cost

Institutional

Responsibility

Implementation

Supervision

1. Climate

1. Project is

unlikely

to cause

negative

effect on

climate.

However,

project

can

contribute

positively

for

climate

Avoid cutting any tree standing on the proposed terminal site or temporary accesses area of 600m length.


Compensatory tree planation shall be carried out for any tree cut (as per state forest policy)

Addition plantation of local variety of tree ( 200 no one row of tree on three side of the terminal land) shall be carried out along boundary of the terminal site


Access road area and proposed terminal area


Compensatory /Additional Plantation ( @ Rs 500 per tree for 200 tree) ) Rs 100000

Contractor IWAI/SEMU/PMC9

2. Natural Hazard

2. Earthqua

ke-

Seismic

Zone III

i.e.,

Adoption of Relevant IS codes while designing the civil structures to sustain the earthquake of moderate to high magnitude.

Applicable BIS Standards

Project area




9 It is proposed to set up Social and Environmental Management Unit (SEMU) in IWAI to manager social and environmental aspect of NW1 augmentation. PMC

( Project Management Consultants) anticipated to be appointed for project management and quality check.





Documents


Time Frame

Indicative /

Mitigation Cost

Institutional

Responsibility

Implementation

Supervision

Moderate

damage

risk

zone10

3. Site Preparation : Access road, Construction Camp, Construction Site

3. Improve

ment of

Access

road :

pavement

of the

road,

Disposal

of

accumula

Improvement of Access Road:

Access road route and alignment (for unpaved area) shall be finalized and submitted to PMC and IWAI for their concurrence.

Tree shall not be cut. Alignment shall be suitable adjusted to avoid cutting of the tree. If unavoidable, than tree shall be cut with due permission from concerned district/forests authorities.

Municipal Solid Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000,

Social Impact Assessment requirements

Juncture of Access road and Entrance phase 1A terminal site



Contractor.

IWAI/SEMU/PMC

10

IS:1893 (Part 1): 2002 Indian Standard Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures Part 1 General Provisions and Buildings Fifth Revision divides

the Indian subcontinent into five seismic zones ( II to V) depending on the magnitude and damage intensity of seismic activity.





Documents


Time Frame

Indicative /

Mitigation Cost

Institutional

Responsibility

Implementation

Supervision

ted

Municipal

Solid

Waste11 :

Loss of

Agricultur

al land,

loss of

tree, air

and noise

pollution

Trimming of the large tree standing close to the site shall be done as minimum as possible.

Provision shall be made for dust suppression during its use.

Provision shall be made (safety boards, speed control, traffic guards) to prevent accident.


Municipal Solid Waste Management :

Arrangement shall be made for identifying the area for disposal of construction debris and notify to

11

Substantial municipal solid waste is disposed at the entrance and around the proposed terminal site requiring proper management of the same.





Documents


Time Frame

Indicative /

Mitigation Cost

Institutional

Responsibility

Implementation

Supervision

IWAI. The site should be minimum 1000 m distance from the river bank, residential area and sensitive areas like hospitals, school and temples.

Arrangement shall be made for segregation of waste generated from construction site into recyclable, compostable and non-compostable waste.

Resalable/recyclable waste shall be sold off to authorized agencies. Compostable waste will be composted in pits at site and non-compostable waste shall be disposed off to designated landfill site. If designated landfill site not available, then debris disposal site shall be identified

4. Setting of

Labor

Camps :

Loss of

agricultur

e land,

contamin

ation of

land and

Location of Camp:

Agriculture land should not be used for development of construction labour camps. Barren/waste land should be used

Site identified by contractor should be approved by the engineers of PMC/IWAI

Proper closure, stabilization and rehabilitation of the area should be

The Building and Other Construction workers (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act 1996 and Cess Act of 1996 and

Labour Camp Locations



Contractor.

IWAI/SEMU/PMC





Documents


Time Frame

Indicative /

Mitigation Cost

Institutional

Responsibility

Implementation

Supervision

water

resources

from

municipal

waste

from

Camps,

worker‟s

health,

Pressure

on

natural

resources

due to

establish

ment of

labour

camps

carried out as soon as the activity is completed

No land should be used for above purpose without consent of land owner. Sanitation and Worker’s Health :

Camp shall be well ventilated. It should have adequate provision for illumination, kitchen and safe drinking water facility shall be provided at the camp

Adequate bathing and sanitation facilities to be provided at labour camp. Mobile Toilets shall be provided. Soak Pits can be provided only if labour camp is located away from river.

Proper drainage to be maintained around the sites to avoid water logging leading to disease

Preventive medical care to be provided to workers- six monthly medical check-up should be organized

Waste will be collected & segregated within site into recyclable, compostable and inert waste. Recyclable waste will be sold

The Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and amendments thereof. Municipal Solid Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000





Documents


Time Frame

Indicative /

Mitigation Cost

Institutional

Responsibility

Implementation

Supervision

off to authorized dealers. Compostable waste shall be pit composted and inert waste shall be sent for disposal to landfill or site identified for debris disposal.

Provision shall be made for essential material supply like cooking fuel ( only LPG gas should be used, open burning of fuel should not be allowed)

Provision shall be made for day crèche for children

5. Setting

up

constructi

on Camp:

Concert

Mix Plant,

Hot Mix

Plant,

Mechanic

al

Worksho

p, Fuel

storages,

Lubricant

storages

All these facilities shall be installed at proposed terminal site itself. In case these are to be set up away from site than these shall be located at minimum distance of 500 m from habitation, water bodies and 1000 m from forest areas.

All maintenance facilities, hot mix plant and concrete missing plant shall be established with prior consent to establish to be obtained from SPCB.

All such equipment/plant shall be fitted with air pollution control system and shall comply with condition of consent to establish.

Periodic monitoring shall be carried

Air (Prevention and Control of Water Pollution) Act, 1981 and Water (Prevention and Control of Water Pollution) Act, 1972

Site construction Camp

During design and Pre-Construction and construction Stage


Contractor.

IWAI/SEMU/PMC





Documents


Time Frame

Indicative /

Mitigation Cost

Institutional

Responsibility

Implementation

Supervision

as per consent conditions.

4. Site Preparation : Power supply, Water Supply, Drainage and disposal of muck and debris

6. Power

supply

and

Energy

Conserva

tion: Air

Pollution ,

energy

loss

Power shall be sourced from national/state grid. DG sets shall be used only during power failure.

Back-up power shall be set up with all provisions of containment for fuel leakages, air pollution control (stack height as per regulation), and with acoustic enclosure.


Buildings designed should have green infrastructure. Measures should be taken to conserve energy as per ECBC norms as applicable.

Energy Conservation Building Code 200733


During design, Pre-Construction Stage


Contractor.

IWAI/SEMU/PMC

7. Water

Supply,

Drainage

and

effluent

discharge

The Area is under safe category as per Central Ground Water Board. However, necessary permission shall be taken from district authorities as applicable before digging the bore well.

Staff and visitors should be made

Central Ground Water Board, Local regulations.

Construction Sites, and Labour Camp Locations


Approx. Rs 300,000 for construction of grease traps and

Contractor.

IWAI/SEMU/PMC





Documents


Time Frame

Indicative /

Mitigation Cost

Institutional

Responsibility

Implementation

Supervision

aware about water conservation by displaying posters and signage

Garland storm water temporary drains shall be developed around the site to prevent any direct discharge of contaminated or soiled water to river. It shall be pass through di-siltation chamber and water collection pit. Collected water shall be used for construction purposes.

All washing and maintenance effluent from the workshop area of vehicle maintenance area should darin to separate collection areas fitted with oil and grease trap and de- siltation chamber. The treated water shall be used for dust suppression and green belt development. This water shall not be discharged to river at all.

de-siltation chambers

8. Disposal

of piling

earth,

muck and

debris:

uncontroll

Provision shall be made for collection and draining of water for the piling earth. It shall be used for embankment protection or road construction depending on its suitability.

Provision shall be made for geo

Terminal area River Bank along the terminal site



Contractor.

IWAI/SEMU/PMC





Documents


Time Frame

Indicative /

Mitigation Cost

Institutional

Responsibility

Implementation

Supervision

ed

disposal

may

leads to

increased

sediment

ation of

the river.

Synthetic Screen for arresting silt flowing down stream.

5. Embankment Design and Construction, Drainage Pattern and Fishermen’s Access to River.

9. River

Bank

Erosion

Protectio

n:

Construct

ion of

Embank

ment

and

constructi

on of jetty

: may

lead to

accumula

tion of

Embankment protection measures (stone pitching) shall be made in both upstream and downstream to the extent that erosion is minimized.


River Bed material shall be tested for contaminants before its use or disposal for land fill site. If any level of heavy metal contamination is found than it shall be disposed off in a secure manner.

River Bank along the terminal site

During design, Pre-Construction and construction Stage


Contractor.

IWAI/SEMU/PMC





Documents


Time Frame

Indicative /

Mitigation Cost

Institutional

Responsibility

Implementation

Supervision

sediment

s on the

updrift

side and

erosion of

the

downdrift

side .

Contamin

ation of

river

water

quality

and land

may

happen

due to

river bed

material

10. Drainage

Pattern

Natural Drainage pattern of area around shall be maintained. No waste shall be allowed to dumped to industrial effluent Nala flowing adjacent to the terminal site. Its opening to river shall not be obstructed in any manner.


Pre-Construction Stage and construction stage


Contractor.

IWAI/SEMU/PMC





Documents


Time Frame

Indicative /

Mitigation Cost

Institutional

Responsibility

Implementation

Supervision

11. Access to

river :

restricted

movemen

t of

fisherman12

Fishing activities are seen in the river close to site. Arrangement shall be made to provide free access to river and undisturbed safe movement of the fishermen.

Terminal site and area around

Construction Stage


Contractor.

IWAI/SEMU/PMC

6. Construction Material Sourcing

12. Borrow

areas for

sourcing

earth for

filling as

required

(erosion,

loss of

productiv

e land,

Non-productive lands, barren lands, raised lands; wastelands shall be used for borrowing earth with the necessary permissions/consents.

Agricultural areas not to be used as borrow areas unless requested by the landowner for lowering the land for making it cultivable.


IRC Guidelines on borrow areas and for quarries. EIA Notification 2006( under Environmental Protection Act and Rules, 1986; )

All Identified Borrow sites




12

Fishing activities are seen. Local fisherman are seen fishing close to river areas. They access the river from small temporary access around the site.





Documents


Time Frame

Indicative /

Mitigation Cost

Institutional

Responsibility

Implementation

Supervision

land

degradati

on, air

pollution)

Environmental Clearance from State Environmental Impact Assessment Authority and required permission from District Magistrate shall be obtained prior to excavation. Copy of this permission shall be submitted to IWAI before start of excavation.

Record of location, area, accessibility to the location and photograph of borrow area should be maintained prior to excavation

Site selected for borrow area should be approved by PMC & IWAI expert prior to excavation

Ridges of not less than 8m width will be left at intervals not exceeding 300m. Small drains will be cut through the ridges, if necessary, to facilitate drainage.

The slope of the edges will be maintained not steeper than 1:4 (vertical: Horizontal).


Rehabilitation shall be satisfactorily undertaken immediately after the use has ceased and at least three





Documents


Time Frame

Indicative /

Mitigation Cost

Institutional

Responsibility

Implementation

Supervision

weeks prior to monsoon.



Quarries for sourcing stone and aggregates (loss of productive land, land degradation, air pollution. Any illegal quarrying may lead to land use change, unstable rock formation)

Aggregates required for embankment stone pitching and roads shall be procured from licensed quarries.

It shall be ensures that selected quarries are having requisite environment clearance, and comply with Air Pollution Control and Noise level requirements as per the law.

Copy of Environmental Clearance letter and Consent to Operate and shall Be obtained and submitted to IWAI.



Each Quarry shall be visited prior to its selection to ensure its compliance with lease conditions, EC and consent conditions.

EIA Notification 2006( under Environmental Protection Act and Rules, 1986; )

Quarry Site








Documents


Time Frame

Indicative /

Mitigation Cost

Institutional

Responsibility

Implementation

Supervision

Stone crushers, if required, shall be set up only after consent from SPCB and taking adequate measures for air pollution control

7. Protection of Flora and Fauna

13. Protectio

n of

Tortoise :

Increased

sediment

ation

downstre

am of

constructi

on site

Tortoise Sanctuary is located at about 2.3 Km from site.

No movement of tortoise is reported upward to the site. No harm shall be caused to these tortoise in case any tortoise is sited. Necessary caution notice shall be displaced and conveyed to all construction workers and officers.

Geo-Textile synthetic sheet curtain shall be placed around pilling and construction area to prevent movement of sediments and construction waste.





SEMU through DFO

IWAI/SEMU/PMC

14. Terrestria

l Fauna:

increase

in hunt

Caution sign shall be placed to prevent hunting of wild animal and birds.

Provision shall be made for strict penalty for hunting these animals.





Contractor

IWAI/SEMU/PMC





Documents


Time Frame

Indicative /

Mitigation Cost

Institutional

Responsibility

Implementation

Supervision

tendency13

High noise construction work shall not be made in night.

15. Vegetation loss due to site preparation and construction activities

Tree shall not be cut as much as possible. Any tree cut shall be compensated with compensatory tree plantation as per state forest policy.

Tree plantation shall be made as feasible at site and around the site depending on land availability.


Proper arrangement of lighting should be made at site and construction labour camp

Open burning of fuel for any purpose should not be allowed at the site


In and Around Project Site and labour camp



Contractor

IWAI/SEMU/PMC

13Peacock and Wild Neel Gai are sited next to project site.





Documents


Time Frame

Indicative /

Mitigation Cost

Institutional

Responsibility

Implementation

Supervision

16. Effect on

Aquatic

life such

as Fish,

Plankton14

No breeding ground is noticed around the project site. However construction activity shall be restricted during spawning period of June to August.

Sedimentation and siltation shall be prevented/ controlled to maintain productivity of aquatic ecosystem and ensure availability of food for aquatic fauna & flora.

Terminal construction site




8. Air Quality

17. Fugitive Dust

Generation

due to

construction

activities

Transport of loose and fine materials through covered vehicles.

Loading and unloading of construction materials in covered area.

Approach roads shall be paved and widened.

Water spraying on earthworks, unpaved haulage roads, other dust prone areas and construction yard.

Make Provision of PPEs like face mask to workers.

Environmental Protection Act, 1986 and amendments thereof; The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 and amendments thereof

Construction sites, Loading areas, storage areas,




18. Exhaust gas

emissions

Regular maintenance shall be carried out of machinery and

Environmental Protection Act,

Construction camps

During the Constructio

Part of project


14

The floodplain fisheries are dominated by major and minor carps viz, Labio rohita, Catla catla, Cirrhinus mrigala, L. bata, Puntius sps. and catfishes viz. H.

fossilis, Mystus sps, etc. and fishes of family Clupeidae, Notopteridae and a mix of many other families.





Documents


Time Frame

Indicative /

Mitigation Cost

Institutional

Responsibility

Implementation

Supervision

from

machinery and

vehicular

traffic.

equipment.

Periodic Ambient air quality monitoring shall be carried out.

DG sets to be fitted with stacks of adequate height and low sulphur diesel to be used in DG sets as well as in machineries.

Monitoring of air quality for PM10, PM2.5, SOx, NOx, and CO shall be carried out quarterly at construction site. Stack monitoring shall be carried out every month at the site.

1986 and amendments thereof; The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 and amendments thereof

and sites, concrete mixing plant, DG sets locations

n stage Costs

19. Emissions at

access road :

avoidance of

traffic Jams15

Efforts shall be made to move construction material early morning and late evening period.

Traffic regulators ( Guard) shall be posted in habitat area and at key junction areas to avoid congestion

-do- Access road


- Do - Contractor IWAI/SEMU/PMC

9. Noise and Vibration

15

The roads connecting the proposed sites is narrow and also passes through habitat area. Traffic remains heavy.





Documents


Time Frame

Indicative /

Mitigation Cost

Institutional

Responsibility

Implementation

Supervision

20. Noise from

construction

vehicle,

equipment

and

machinery.

All equipment to be timely serviced and properly maintained to minimize its operational noise.

Construction equipment and machinery to be fitted with silencers and maintained properly.

Provision of temporary noise barrier near habitat areas during construction phase.

Protection devices (ear plugs or ear muffs) will be provided to the workers operating in the vicinity of high noise generating machines.

Speed control shall be enforced in habitat areas.

The ambient noise level as per CPCB standard is 55 dB(A) and 45 db(A). Current noise level at habitat area meets the standard

Noise monitoring day and night at site, labour camp and access road area shall be carried quarterly to ensure the effectiveness of mitigation measures.

Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 and amendments thereof

Construction Site and accesses road.



Contractor

IWAI/SEMU/PMC

10. Land-use and Landscape

21. Land use

Change and

Loss of

Efforts shall be made to improve the aesthetic of the area. No construction waste or other wastes

Design requirement

Around project site area and

During construction Stage

Approximately Rs 25000 for






Documents


Time Frame

Indicative /

Mitigation Cost

Institutional

Responsibility

Implementation

Supervision

productive/top

soil

shall be dumped at unidentified areas. Caution board in local language shall be placed at different locations to prevent dumping of waste generated from construction site in the river and nearby areas

Compensatory tree plantation for loss of trees.

Top soil shall be preserved and laid over either on the embankment slope for growing vegetation to protect soil erosion or spread over in the proposed plantation areas.

Land earmarked for dumping of construction waste shall be free from any social and R&R issue and away from settlements.

borrow area

five caution boards @ Rs 5000 per board

22. Soil erosion

due to

construction

activities,

earthwork

Provision of cross drainage

structure shall be made in the

access road if required to maintain

the natural drainage pattern.


Measures like building of scouring protection structures, protection by

Access road and river bank

Construction stage







Documents


Time Frame

Indicative /

Mitigation Cost

Institutional

Responsibility

Implementation

Supervision

geo-textiles matting etc shall be made, if river bank erosion is found around the terminal area.


23. Soil erosion

at earth

stockpiles


At earth stockpiles

Construction stage



24. Compaction

and

contamination

of soil due to

movement of

vehicles and

equipment

Fuel and lubricants to be stored at the predefined storage location.

Storage area shall be paved with gentle slope to a corner and connected with a chamber to collect any spills of the oils.


Oil and grease spill and oil soaked materials are to be collected and stored in labelled containers (Labelled: WASTE OIL; and hazardous sign be displayed) and sold off to SPCB/ MoEF authorized vendors.

Movement of construction vehicles, machinery and equipment shall be restricted to the designated haulage route.

Terminal site

Pre construction and construction stage.







Documents


Time Frame

Indicative /

Mitigation Cost

Institutional

Responsibility

Implementation

Supervision

11. Water Resources

25. Depletion of

Groundwater

resources due

to unregulated

abstraction for

construction

purpose

Preference shall be given to source water from rivers wherever feasible in the project area with due permission from authorities. .


Construction of check dams in consultation with community to reduce burden on ground water resources.

Efforts to restrict water intensive activities during summer period (April, May, June)

During

Constructio

n stage

Part of

project

costs

Contractor, IWAI/SEMU/PMC

26. Increase in

water Siltation

levels due to

construction of

terminal and

contamination

due to

disposal of

domestic

waste


Restoration of changes in the stream, if any, made during construction to its original level.


Substructure construction should be limited to the dry season and cofferdams may be constructed and utilized to lift the spoil directly out of it and carried to the riverbank for land disposal.

Terminal

Site

During

Constructio

n stage

Part of

project

costs






Documents


Time Frame

Indicative /

Mitigation Cost

Institutional

Responsibility

Implementation

Supervision

Mobiel toilets with anaerobic digestion facility shall be fixed at construction site. No domestic waste shall be discharged to river.

12. Accident and Safety Risks

27. Accident risk

from

construction

activities


Usage of fluorescent signage, in local language at the construction sites

Training shall be provided to workers, especially machinery operators, on safety procedures and precautions.

The contractors to appoint a safety officer mandatory.

At every work place, a readily available first aid unit including an adequate supply of dressing materials, a mode of transport (ambulance), nursing staff, and doctor to be provided.

Required PPE shall be provided to workers.

Half yearly medical check-up shall be carried of the workers and summary report shall be submitted to PMC

Central Motor

and Vehicle

Act 1988

EP Act 1986

Noise Rules 2002

Construction sites

Construction period







Documents


Time Frame

Indicative /

Mitigation Cost

Institutional

Responsibility

Implementation

Supervision

13. Shifting of Common Property Resources and other Utilities

Shifting of community properties and utilities

As per assessment, no such shifting is involved. However if any shifting is involved it shall done at suitable location with the concurrence from local authorities and community.

Project Area

Pre- Construction





8.3. Institutional Arrangement

IWAIwill develop Environmental Management Framework with the help of World Bank. The

institutional arrangement shall align as per this framework. IWAI will have an Environmental and

social cell which will coordinate with site engineers and PMC.

8.3.1. Environmental Management Cell

Apart from having an Environmental Management Plan, it is also necessary to have apermanent

organizational set up charged with the task of ensuring its effectiveimplementation of mitigation

measures and to conduct environmental monitoring.

Highly qualified and experienced persons in the field of Environmental Management ofTerminal

shall be considered for the positions ofGeneral Manager (GM) and Managers for overall

Environmental management for proposed project. The majorduties and responsibilities of

Environment Management Cell are:

To implement the environmental management plan

To assure regulatory compliance with all relevant rules and regulations

To ensure regular operation and maintenance of pollution control devices

To minimize environmental impacts of operations as by strict adherence to the EMP

To initiate environmental monitoring as per approved schedule

Review and interpretation of monitoring as per approved schedule

Review and interpretation of monitoring results and corrective measures in case monitored

results are above the specified limit

Maintain documentation of good environmental practices and applicable environmentallaws

as ready reference

Maintain environmental related records

Coordination with regulatory agencies, external consultant, monitoring laboratories

Maintain log of public complain and the action taken

Efforts shall be made for setting up of common conservation cell consisting of one

marinebiologist, and ecologist, a sociologist and a fishery expert

The proposed environmental management cell should have all basic record keeping

facilitiessuch as hard w are/software facilities, adequate space, vehicle (transport) and basic

furnitureand all simple instruments such as GPS, Digital camera, Hand held noise metre etc.

The cellshould have all basic environmental management data of the project that includes but

notlimited to the following:

Environmental Impact Assessment Report (both well preserved soft and hard copy)

All valid and up to date environmental clearance and consent papers

All latest Environmental legislations, policies, codes and manuals for ready references

A list of consultants on environmental management need to be kept with yearly revision of

the list. This will help to receive proper advice in case of an emergency or arequirement and

also to implement day to day environmental management activities.



Over a period of time a system to understand and absorb the new revisions and changes inthe

environmental requirements and practices are to be established. This can only beachieved by

regular training and genuine capacity building initiatives. Institutional framework for the project is

given in figure 8.1

Figure 8.1: Institutional Framework



8.4. Environmental Standards

Environmental standards to be followed for disposal of waste, emissions, disposal of dredged

soil etc is attached as appendix I.

8.5. Environment Monitoring Plan

The objective of environmental monitoring during the construction and operation phases is to

compare the monitored data against the baseline condition collected during the study period to

assess the effectiveness of the mitigation measures and the protection of the ambient

environment based on national standards. The following are the main objectives of the

environmental monitoring program:

Provides information for documentation of monitoring of mitigation measures and

impacts

Tool for the statutory authority of unanticipated adverse impacts or sudden changes

inthe environmental condition due to the proposed project

Provides information that could be used for evaluating the effectiveness of

implementedmitigation measures

Provides information that could be used to verify predicted impacts and thus

validateimpact prediction techniques

The effectiveness of the mitigation measures being followed during construction

andoperational phases can be assessed and the measures can be revised, made

morestringent and reinforced based on the monitoring results

Environmental Monitoring can also serve a basic component of a periodic

environmentalregulatory auditing program for the proposed project

A monitoring schedule has been sketched based on the environmental components that may be

affected during the construction phase of the project. Environmental monitoring plan for

operation stage will be discussed in EIA study to bae carried out for phase 1B of terminal.

Environment monitoring indicators identified are listed below

Monitoring Indicators

Air quality- ambient air quality levels & stack emissions

Surface Water quality

Drinking water quality- for construction labours

Noise levels- ambient noise level and work zone noise levels

Soil quality- dredged sand quality and soil quality

Solid & Hazardous Waste Management

Wastewater disposal

Re-plantation success / survival rate

Soil Erosion

Aquatic ecology– plankton and benthic communities

Integrity of embankment



These indicators will evaluated periodically based on the monitoring results, baseline conditions,

predicted impacts and mitigation measures.



Table 8.2: Environment Monitoring Plan

S. No.

Aspect Parameters to be monitored

No of sampling locations & frequency

Standard methods for smapling and analysis

Role & Responsibility

Implementation

Supervision

Construction Period

1 Air Quality (Ambient & Stack)

PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, HC and CO

Four Sites including project site and 3 other sites within 2 km of terminal site Once in a month

Fine Particulate Samplers for PM2.5

Respirable Dust Sampler fitted PM10

Respirable Dust Sampler fitted with Gaseous sampling arrangements for SO2 and NO2, CO analyser /portable CO meter for CO portable HC meter or tubes for HC; TO-14A, TO-15, USEPA method for sampling and analysis of VOCs in ambient air

Contractor IWAI & PMC

2 Surface Water Quality





3 Drinking water Quality


Drinking water fro labour camps Once a month



4 Noise Level Day time and night time noise level (max, min & Leq levels)

Construction labour camp, construction site and 2 locations within 2 km of terminal site Once a month

Noise meter Contractor IWAI & PMC



5 Soil Quality Soil texture, type, Electrical conductivity, pH, infiltration, porosity, etc.,

Construction site, labour camps and debris disposal site Once in 6 months

Collection and analysis of samples as per IS 2720


6 Soild & Hazardous Waste Management

Physical & Chemical characteristics

Construction site, labour camps and debris disposal site Daily

MSW Rules, 2000, Hazardous Waste & Management Rules, 2008


7 Wastewater Management


Construction site & labour camps Once a month

-- Contractor IWAI & PMC

8 Plantation Plantation survival rate

At plantation site (terminal site & afforestation site)

Survey, counting, recording & reporting


9 Soil Erosion --- Upstream & downstream of terminal site



10 Aquatic ecology Phytoplankton, Zooplankton


Plankton net of diameter of 0.35 m, No.25 mesh size 63 and analysis by using standard methods.


11 Integrity of embankment






8.6. Reporting Requirement

It is required that contractor will submit quarterly compliance report to Project Management

Consultants (PMC) as well as to SEMU ( social and environmental Management Unit) of IWAI.

PMC will analyze the report and notify the corrective action if any required to contractor under

intimation to IWAI.

8.7. Grievance Redress Mechanism

The concern/grievances from local/affected people may come up related to inappropriate

implementation of various components of EMP. These issues can be easily addressed through

acknowledgement, evaluation and corrective action and response approach. To resolve

grievance from public or stakeholders concerning the project will be directed to the

SPMU/Director concerned. Firstly, it will be assessed if the grievances are genuine or

suggestion is acceptable. Accordingly, response will be given within 15-30 days by the SEMU in

consultation with PMC and Director concerned. In case the SEMU is unable to resolve the

issue, the matter will be forwarded to Project Director at Head Quarter. The corrective action

will be started as per the response or action plan indicated to the stakeholder. The outcome

shall also form part of quarterly report to World Bank. (Figure 8.2)



Figure 8.2: Grievance Redressal Cell