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Project No: AESPL/EIA/14/INF/002

Environmental Impact Assessment Report

Proposed Integrated Treatment Storage and Disposal Facility

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By

M/s Vapi Waste and Effluent Management Company Ltd.

Plot nos. 2519/P to 3432, GIDC Industrial Estate Phase IV, Vapi, Ta. Pardi, Dist. Valsad,

Gujarat - 396 195 October - 2015

Environmental Consultant: M/s Aditya Environmental Service Pvt. Ltd. Mumbai

Environmental Impact Assessment Report Integrated TSDF, GIDC Vapi Vapi Waste and Effluent Management Company Ltd.

Declaration of EIA Consultant

Environmental Consultant Page i Aditya Environmental Services Pvt. Ltd.

Declaration by Experts contributing to the EIA ‘Proposed Integrated Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facility by Vapi Waste and Effluent Management Company Ltd.’

I, hereby, certify that I was a part of the EIA Team in the following capacity that developed the above EIA.

EIA Coordinator:

Name: Dr. Shobha Kamath

Signature & Date:31st October, 2015

Period of involvement: since June, 2012

Contact information: 022 – 42127500 E-mail:[email protected]

Functional Area Experts:

S.N. Functional Areas

Name of the Expert/s Involvement (Period& Task**)

Signature & Date

1 AP* Rajiv Aundhe Since June, 2012 2 WP* Rajiv Aundhe Since June, 2012

3 SHW* Rajiv Aundhe Since June, 2012 4 SE* Ms. Anju Chawhan Since January, 2015

5 EB* N. K. Shendye Since January, 2015

6 HG* ShrivallabhKothe Since May, 2015

7 GS* -- -- -- 8 AQ* SudhirVerma Since April, 2015

9 NV* Rajiv Aundhe Since June, 2012

10 LU* Ms. Bela Pharate Since May, 2015

11 RH* D. K. Joshi Since August, 2015

NOTE : (*) Full forms of abbreviations given on Next Page (**) Tasks for each Functional Area Expert given on Next Page

Declaration be the Head of the Accredited Consultant Organization


Declaration of EIA Consultant

Environmental Consultant Page ii Aditya Environmental Services Pvt. Ltd.

I, Rajiv V. Aundhe, hereby, confirm that the above mentioned experts prepared the EIA for ‘Proposed Integrated Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facility by Vapi Waste and Effluent Management Company Ltd.’ I also confirm that I shall be fully accountable for any misleading information mentioned in this statement.

Name: Rajiv V. Aundhe Designation: Director Name of the EIA Consultant Organization: Aditya Environmental Service Pvt. Ltd. NABET Certificate No.& Issue Date: NABET S.N. (3) as per QCI website.

S.N. Functional Area Code

Complete Name of the Functional Areas

Tasks

1 AP Air Pollution Prevention, Monitoring & Control

Assessing baseline ambient air quality, likely stack emission, possible impacts and control measures

2 WP Water Pollution Prevention, Control & Prediction of Impacts

Assessing baseline surface/ground water quality, possible impacts and control measures

3 SHW Solid Waste and Hazardous Waste Management

Assessing solid/hazardous waste generation, treatment and disposal

4 SE Socio-Economics Assessing baseline Socio-economic, demographic position, impacts and CSR plan/measures for transfer of social benefits

5 EB Ecology and Biodiversity Assessing baseline biodiversity, impacts and biodiversity management plans

6 HG Hydrology, ground Water & Water Conservation

Assessing baseline hydrogeological situation in study area, likely impacts and management plans

7 GEO Geology -- 8 SC Soil Conservation -- 9 AQ Meteorology, Air Quality

Modeling & Prediction Assessing nature and scale of impacts on ambient air quality through modeling

10 NV Noise/ Vibration Assessing baseline ambient noise quality, possible sources, likely impacts and control measures

11 LU Land Use Assessing baseline Land use - Land cover possible impacts and control measures

12 RH Risk Assessment & Hazard Management

Risk Analysis of the proposed facility, proposed safety measures, formulation of a disaster management plan


Acknowledgement

Environmental Consultant Aditya Environmental Services Pvt. Ltd.

Acknowledgement

Aditya Environmental Services Pvt. Ltd. is thankful to the following persons* and Govt. Departments who have contributed directly or indirectly to conducting the EIA Study and preparation of the EIA Report.

• Ajay Bhatt VWEMCL, Vapi • Census of India

• Col. Ravindra Jain VWEMCL, Vapi • Deepak Davda VWEMCL, Vapi • Dhaval Naik Enpro Enviro Tech and Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat

• Hardik Shah GPCB, Gandhinagar • India Meteorology Department, Pune • Jyoti Mistry VWEMCL, Vapi • Kirit Dave VWEMCL, Vapi • Nihar Mehta VWEMCL, Vapi • Prof. Gaurang Ban Ahmedabad • Rajesh Doshi VWEMCL, Vapi • Rajender Datrika VWEMCL, Vapi • Rujul Bhatt Precitech laboratories Pvt. Ltd., Vapi

• Shankar Lal Bajaj Ahmedabad • Sharad Thakkar VWEMCL, Vapi • Trushit Desai Enpro Enviro Tech and Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat

• Geo Engineering Services, Vadodara • National Remote Sensing Centre, Hyderabad

• Survey of India, Pune • Zila Panchayat, Valsad

*Listed in alphabetical order


Index

Environmental Consultant Page i Aditya Environmental Services Pvt. Ltd.

Index

Chapters

Sr. No. Title Page No. Chapter 1 - Introduction

1.0 Purpose of the Report 1 1.1 Project and Project Proponent 1 1.2 Nature, Size and Location of the Project 1 1.3 Importance of the Project to the Country and Region 2 1.4 Scope of the Study 3

Chapter 2 - Project Description 2.1 Aspects of the Project likely to cause Environmental Effects 1

2.1.1 Type of Project 1 2.1.2 Need for the Project 2 2.2 Location of the Project 3 2.3 Size and Magnitude of Operation 4 2.4 Project Schedule for Approval and Implementation 4 2.5 Description of Technology and Process 4

2.5.1 Landfill 8 2.5.2 Incinerator, Co-generation, MEE and Power Generation 10 2.5.3 Utilities Requirement 18 2.5.4 Mitigation Measures incorporated into the Project 22

Chapter 3 - Description of the Environment 3.1 Study Area, Period, Components and Methodology 1

3.1.1 Study Area 1 3.1.2 Period of Baseline Monitoring, Components and Methodology 1 3.2 Baseline for Valued Environmental Components 4

3.2.1 Topography 4 3.2.2 Drainage 4 3.2.3 Regional Geology 5 3.2.4 Weather and Climate 9 3.2.5 Landuse, Landcover 11 3.2.6 Ambient Air Environment 12 3.2.7 Noise 18 3.2.8 Surface Water Quality 19 3.2.9 Ground Water Quality 22

3.2.10 Soil Quality 26 3.2.11 Ecology and Biodiversity 27 3.2.12 Socio Economic Environment 28

Chapter 4 - Anticipated Environmental Impact Mitigation Measures 4.1 Details of Environmental Impacts 1


Index

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4.1.1 Environmental Impacts due to Project Location 1 4.1.2 Environmental Impacts due to Project Design and Regular Operation 2 4.1.3 Environmental Impacts due to Possible Accidents 2 4.1.4 Environmental Impacts due to Project Construction 3 4.1.5 Environmental Impacts due to Final Decommissioning and Rehabilitation 3 4.2 Measures for Minimising and/or Offsetting Adverse Impacts Identified 4 4.3 Irreversible and Irretrievable Commitments of Environmental Components4 4 4.4 Assessment of Significance of Impacts 8

4.4.1 Mathematical Modeling for Incinerator stack gas dispersal 9 4.5 Mitigation Measures 12

Chapter 5– Analysis of Alternatives 5.1 Site Selection for the Integrated TSDF 1 5.2 Alternative Technology for Construction of Landfill 4 5.3 Alternative Technology for Incineration, MEE and Power generation 5

Chapter 6 – Environmental Monitoring Plan 6.1 Technical Aspects of Monitoring 1 6.2 Emergency Procedure, Detailed Budget and Procurement Schedule 1

Chapter 7–Additional Studies 7.1 Public Consultation 1 7.2 Risk Assessment 1 7.3 Social Impact Assessment, R&R Action Plan 2

Chapter 8–Project Benefits 8.1 Improvement in Physical Infrastructure 1 8.2 Improvement in Social Infrastructure 2 8.3 Employment Potential – Skilled, Semi Skilled and Unskilled 2

Chapter 9–Environmental Cost benefit Analysis 9.1 Construct of the Project Cost Benefit Analysis 1

Chapter 10 – Environment Management Plan 10.1 Administrative Control of EMP Implementation 1

Chapter 11– Executive Summary 11.0 Vapi Waste and Effluent Management Company Ltd. 1 11.1 Proposed Project 1 11.2 Need for the Project 1 11.3 Statutory Clearances 3 11.4 Integrated Waste Management Facility 3 11.5 Baseline Environment Studies for EIA 5

11.5.1 Hydrology 5 11.5.2 Geology and Soil 5 11.5.3 Land Use 6 11.5.4 Meteorology 6 11.5.5 Ambient Air Quality 6 11.5.6 Ambient Noise Quality 8 11.5.7 Water Quality 8

11.5.7A Surface water 8 11.5.7B Ground water 9 11.5.8 Soil Quality 10


Index

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11.5.9 Biological Environemnt 10 11.5.10 Socio-Economic Environment 11

11.6 Impact and Mitigation Measures 11 11.6.1 Impacts due to Location 11 11.6.2 Impacts due to Possible Accidents 11 11.6.3 Impacts due to Construction 12 11.6.3 Impacts due to Decommissioning and Rehabilitation 12 11.7 Measures for Minimising and/or Offsetting Adverse Impacts Identified 12

11.7A Irreversible and Irretrievable Commitments of Environmental Components 13 11.7B Assessment of Significance of Impacts 13 11.8A Site Alternatives 14 11.8B Alternative Technology 14 11.9 Environmental Monitoring Plan 14

Chapter 12– Disclosure of Consultants 12.0 EIA Consultant 1 12.1 Range of Services 1

12.1.1 Environmental Planning Studies 1 12.1.2 Policy Planning Studies 1 12.1.3 EIA and EMP 2 12.1.4 Risk Assessment Studies 3 12.1.5 On Site/Off Site Emergency Management Plan 3 12.1.6 Environment, Health and Safety Audits 3 12.1.7 Dispersion Modeling Studies 3 12.1.8 Environmental Due Diligence Audits 4 12.1.9 Environmental Training and Awareness 4 12.1.10 Project Management Consultancy for installing Effluent Treatment Plant 4 12.1.11 Environmental Monitoring Surveys 5 12.1.12 Compliance Services 5

Tables

Table No.

Title Page No.

Chapter 2 - Project Description 2.1 Technical details of the proposed Landfill 9 2.2 2 Technical details of Incinerator, Co-generation, MEE and Power generation 10 2.3 Inbuilt Mitigation Measures 22

Chapter 3 – Description of Environment 3.1 Environmental Components for Baseline Study and Source of Information 1 3.2 Geological Succession ofValsad District 5 3.3 Month wise Spread of Decadal Rainfall 9 3.4 Climatological Data Representative of Site 10 3.5 Landuse/landcover of the Impact Area 12 3.6 AAQ Sampling Stations 15 3.7 Method of Sampling and Analysis of AAQ parameters 15 3.8 Ambient Air Monitoring results (Period - Summer 2014) 16


Index

Environmental Consultant Page iv Aditya Environmental Services Pvt. Ltd.

3.9 National Ambient Air Quality Standards (CPCB, 2009) 18 3.10 Noise Monitoring Results [Leq (dB [A])] (Period - Summer 2014) 18 3.11 Surface Water Sampling Stations 19 3.12 Surface Water Analysis results (Period – Summer 2015) 21 3.13 Ground Water Sampling Stations 23 3.14 Ground Water Analysis results (Period – Summer 2015) 24 3.15 Soil Sampling Stations 26 3.16 Soil Analysis results (Period – Summer 2015) 26

Chapter 4 - Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures 4.1 Stack parameters for modeling input 9 4.2 Highest ground concentration values of Pollutants 9

Chapter 5–Analysis of Alternatives 5.1 Site Alternatives for Integrated TSDF Site 1 5.2 Knock-out Criteria for Site Alternatives for integrated TSDF 3

Chapter 6–Environmental Monitoring Programme 6.1 Environmental Monitoring of Incinerator 1 6.2 Environmental Monitoring of Landfill 3

Chapter 9 – Environmental Cost benefit Analysis 9.1 Environmental Cost Benefit Analysis 3

Chapter 10 – Environment Management Plan 10.1 Environment Management Plan 2

Chapter 11 – Executive Summary 11.1 Salient Features of the Project 2 11.2 Technical Details of Landfill 4 11.3 Technical Details of Incinerator, Co-generation, MEE and Power Generation 4 11.4 AAQ Sampling Stations 6 11.5 Ambient Air Monitoring Results (Period - Summer 2014) 7 11.6 Surface Water Sampling Stations 8 11.7 Ground Water Sampling Stations 10 11.8 Environmental Monitoring of Incinerator 15 11.9 Environmental Monitoring of Landfill 15

Figures

Figure Title Page No. Chapter 1- Introduction

1.1 Location of the present Landfill and proposed integrated TSDF site 2 1.2 Location of the proposed integrated TSDF site 2 1.3 Key Infrastructure Map of the Impact Area 5

Chapter 2 - Project Description 2.1 Location of Existing and Proposed Landfill 2

2.2 A, B Location of the Proposed Site 5 2.2 C Location of the Proposed Site 6 2.3 Proposed Layout of the Project 7 2.4 Sections of the Landfill 12 2.5 General Material Movement Scheme of the Integrated TSDF 13 2.6 Typical view of the Incinerator 14


Index

Environmental Consultant Page v Aditya Environmental Services Pvt. Ltd.

2.7 Typical view of the WHRB installation 16 2.8 Water Balance 21

Chapter 3 - Description of Environment 3.1 Key Map of Impact Area 3 3.2 Contour Survey of Project Site 7 3.3 Borewell near Project Site 6 3.4 Basalt Exposure with Spheroidal Weathered Boulders separated by Prominent

Joints 8

3.5 Month wise spread of Decadal Rainfall 10 3.6 Windrose of Study Area, Winter, 2014 11 3.7 False Colour Composite (FCC) Satellite Image of the Impact Area 13 3.8 Landuse/ Landcover Map of the Impact Area 14 3.9 Landuse of the Impact Area 12 3.10 AAQ Sampling location in the Impact Area 16 3.11 Surface water sampling location in the Impact Area 20 3.12 Ground water sampling location in the Impact Area 23

Chapter 4 - Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures 4.1 Isopleths for SO2 5 4.1 Isopleths for NOx 10 4.1 Isopleths for PM 11 4.2 Modified Leopold Matrix 11

Chapter 5 – Analysis of Alternatives 5.1 Relative Locations of the three Alternate Sites 2 5.2 Closer view of Alternate Site A 2 5.3 Closer view of Alternate Site B 3 5.4 Typical embankment wall of the proposed landfill 4 5.5 Paramesh Wall for Landfill embankment 5

Chapter 6–Environmental Monitoring Programme 6.1 Location of the ambient air monitoring stations in operation phase of the TSDF 5 6.2 Soil sampling location in operation phase of the TSDF 6 6.3 Location of plantation of indicator species in operation phase of TSD 7

Chapter 10–Environment Management Plan 10.1 EM Cell during Operation Phase 10



Chapter 01

Introduction


Chapter 01 Introduction

Environmental Consultant Page 1 Aditya Environmental Services Pvt. Ltd.

Chapter 01

Introduction

1.0 Purpose of the Report

This Report documents and presents outcomes of the Environmental Impact Assessment process carried

out for establishment of a greenfield, integrated Treatment Storage and Disposal Facility proposed inside

a notified industrial estate at Vapi, ta. Pardi, Dist. Valsad, Gujarat.

1.1 Project and Project Proponent

M/s Vapi Waste and Effluent Management Company Ltd., a non-equity and non-profit society of

members of Vapi Industrial Area is operating a common-user secured landfill of 900,000 MT capacity on

plot no. 4807 in GIDC, Phase IV, Vapi, Ta. Pardi, Distt. Valsad, Gujarat since 1999-2000. The landfill

laid out on 10.3 ha land provides TSDF services to 515 member units of Vapi GIDC. Location of the

landfill within GIDC is shown in Figure 1.1. The Figure also shows location of the proposed integrated

TSDF site with respect to the existing landfill. The existing landfill is approaching its design capacity at

an average in-fill rate of 15,000 MT/month.

1.2 Nature, Size and Location of the Project

M/s VWEMCL is proposing a new landfill of 20,10,000 MT capacity over a 14.5 ha land over Plot nos.

2519/P to 3432 (48 contagious survey numbers) within industrial estate of Vapi GIDC. The facility will

also have an incineration system of about 15 tons/hr, a waste heat recovery boiler of about 17 tons steam

output/hr, a Multiple Effect Evaporator of about 7.5 kl/hr and a Steam Turbine driven Electrical

Generator System of about 2 MW.

The proposed site is approachable through a two lane road passing from front of the plot. Vapi Railway

Station (BG) is about 5.2 km east from the site. Surat civil airport is about 140 km north and Indian Coast

Guard Air Station, Daman Airstrip is about Approx 14.1 km southwest of the proposed location.

Location of the proposed integrated TSDF site is given in Figure 1.2. Key infrastructure map of an area

within 10 km radius from the centre of the site, the impact area identified for EIA of the proposed site is

given in Figure 1.3.




Figure 1.1 Location of the present Landfill and proposed integrated TSDF site

Figure 1.2 Location of the proposed integrated TSDF site

1.3 Importance of the Project to the Country and Region

The existing landfill under operation is approaching its design capacity at an average in-fill rate of 15,000

MT/month. A new landfill is required to continue the hazardous waste storage and disposal service

provided by the current landfill to its member units.

There is an acute need for a common-user Hazardous Waste Incineration facility to serve about 16

GIDCs, numerous private industrial estates and isolated industries and 5 SEZs within 125 km catchment




of Vapi GIDC. The voluminous and toxic incinerable hazardous waste from south Gujarat is presently

being transported to the common user Incinerators of M/s BEIL, Ankleshwar GIDC about 180 km and of

M/s SEPPL, Samakhiyali, Kutch about 620 km, which is a wasteful practice; is unfavourable

transportation economics and also a large hazardous exposure on the already busy road transport

infrastructure of the state.

A judicious integration of components of the TSDF is sought to optimise utilization of sensible heat from

the Incinerator for production of high-pressure steam which will serve another effluent disposal function

in operation of MEE and will produce electrical power to surpass operation requirement of the system and

be a power – positive project. The project will also gainfully utilise the non-hazardous plastic waste

stream from paper industries as auxiliary fuel

The project will give continued employment to the workers who will be rendered jobless after closure of

the existing landfill. Details about Need of the Project are given in Section 2.1.2, Chapter 2 of the Report.

1.4 Scope of the Study

The proposed activity is covered in the schedule of EIA Notification, 2006 (amended 2009, 2011, 2013,

2014, 2015) in ‘7(d) Common Hazardous Waste Treatment Storage and Disposal Facilities’ – Category A

(All integrated facilities having incineration & landfill or incineration alone). Additionally, since the

proposed location is within 10 km from the interstate boundary of the UT of Daman, it has to be cleared

by the MoEFCC under ‘General Condition’ of the Notification. Since the proposed integrated TSDF is

inside a notified Industrial Estate, per III, (i) (b) of the EIA Notification, public hearing is not applicable

on the project.

Application for Environmental Clearance for the landfill alone was made to the Ministry of Environment

and Forests in the prescribed Form 1 and PFR in March, 2013. The project was appraised by the Expert

Appraisal Committee, Building/Construction Projects/Township and Area Development Projects, Coastal

Regulation Zone, Infrastructure Development and Miscellaneous projects in their 123rd meeting held on

15th - 16th April, 2013 at New Delhi. The committee patiently heard the proposal and asked further

information about extant landuse of 5 km around the proposed project site, and whether there were plans

for human habitation around the area proposed by the local rural and urban bodies. The present revised

PFR provides information on the above query of the EAC.

In the earlier proposal submitted to the MoEF in March, 2013, addition of incineration, co-generation and

MEE was proposed in future as phased expansion of the landfill facility. The design proposal of the




incinerator, co-generator and MEE had since been finalized by VWEMCL; the same was additionally

applied for in the form of a composite integrated TSDF.

Earlier design capacity of the proposed landfill was 13,40,000 MT in 16,08,000 m3 which was based on a

bulk compaction factor of 1.2 MT/m3. M/s VWEMCL revised the waste placement and compaction

methodology and now proposes a design bulk density of 1.8 MT/m3. Owing to this, the revised mass

disposal capacity of the secured landfill is 20,10,000 MT.

ToR for EIA was recommended by EAC - Infrastructure Development, CRZ, Building/Construction and

Misc. Projects (MoM of 126th Meeting of the EAC, 20th September, 2013 put up on MoEF’s website on

19th October, 2013) [F.No.10-16/2013-IA-III]. ToR Letter issued by the MoEF (F.No.10-16/2013/IA/III,

dated 2nd December, 2013) is given in Annex I.

Statement on adherence to the ToRs given by the MoEF is given in Annex II.

The EIS Report has been prepared under following guidelines of CPCB and MoEFCC:

1. Guidelines for conducting EIA : Site selection for CHWMF (HAZWOMS/25/2003-04), CPCB,

October, 2003

2. Technical EIA Guidance Manual for Common Hazardous Waste TSDF, IL&FS Ecosmart,

August, 2010

3. EIA Notification, 2006 (amended), Appendix III – Generic Structure of EIA Document




Figure 1.3 Key Infrastructure Map of the Impact Area



Chapter 02

Project Description


Chapter 02 Project Description


Chapter 02

Project Description

2.1 Aspects of the Project likely to cause Environmental Effects

The section briefly describes aspects of the proposed project which have a likelihood of causing

environmental effects during operation phase. Technical details of the project are given in annexes as

mentioned in the respective sections. Environmental impacts caused during construction and

decommissioning phase are elaborated in Chapter 4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation

Measures. Pollution control systems proposed as part of the project are briefly described in this chapter.

2.1.1 Type of Project

A ‘Treatment Storage and Disposal Facility’ or ‘hazardous waste site’ is defined as ‘a place of collection,

reception, treatment, storage of hazardous wastes and its disposal to the environment which is approved

by the competent authority’ in the Hazardous Wastes (Management, Handling and Transboundary

Movement) Rules, 2008 (amended 2009, 2010).


2014, 2015) in ‘Schedule, 7(d) Common Hazardous Waste Treatment Storage and Disposal Facilities’ –

Category A (All integrated facilities having incineration & landfill or incineration alone).

The scope of the integrated TSDF will be receipt, short-term storage of hazardous waste, pre-landfill

processing (waste stabilization) of hazardous waste, landfilling of assorted wastes, incineration of

hazardous waste, production of electrical power by waste heat recovery and evaporation of effluent

streams. The proponent will be responsible for construction, operation and closure/decommissioning of

the project.

The proposal for the integrated TSDF comprises following components:

a. Landfill of 20,10,000 MT overall capacity, to be developed above-grade, in cellular fashion, in

phases

b. Incinerator of 15,000 kg/hr

c. Co-generation system of 17 ton/hr steam output

d. An electrical power generation system of 2 MW

e. A Multiple Effect Evaporator of 7500 l/hr effluent input




f. Auxiliary utilities

In addition, the proposal includes erection of a high-head storage shed of 8000 sq.m. with impervious

flooring, leachate collection drains, suitable soft partition, circulation area, loading/unloading bays, etc.

The shed will be naturally aspirated and will be provided with flameproof electrical fittings.

Transportation of hazardous waste to the TSDF site will not in the scope of the TSDF proponent.

2.1.2 Need for the Project

M/s Vapi Waste and Effluent Management Company Ltd. is operating a common-user secured landfill of

900,000 MT capacity on plot no. 4807 in GIDC, Phase IV, Vapi, Ta. Pardi, Distt. Valsad, Gujarat since

1999-2000. The landfill laid out on 10.3 ha land provides TSDF services to 515 member units of Vapi

GIDC. Location of the landfill within GIDC is shown in Figure 2.1. Figure 2.1 also shows location of the

proposed integrated TSDF site with respect to the existing landfill. The existing landfill is approaching its

design capacity at an average in-fill rate of 15,000 MT/month. A new landfill is required to continue the

hazardous waste storage and disposal service provided by the current landfill to its member units.

Figure 2.1 Location of Existing and Proposed Landfill

In addition to landfill-abel waste, the GIDC estate produces significant volume of incinerable hazardous

waste which is now being disposed by the individual industries in the nearby common user TSDFs at

Ankleshwar, Vadodara and further at Kutch. About 1,01,469 MT/annum incinerable waste was generated

in the Valsad Distt. in 20081, which has registered growth since the baseline inventorization year.

1 National Inventory Data of Hazardous Waste generating industries & Hazardous Waste Management in India, February, 2009. CPCB Hazardous Waste Management Division, New Delhi. Data based on the year 2008.




On-going process optimization and cleaner production initiatives in the industries in the GIDC have

resulted in effluent stream segregation. Several industries have identified and segregated streams which

have high TDS contents which can be put through evaporation for recovery of condensate-water and dry

salts for landfilling. Segregation of such streams and their treatment in a multiple effect evaporator (MEE)

will have a positive impact on volume reduction and the treatability of effluent in the 55 MLD CETP

being operated by VWEMCL.

Incineration of hazardous waste in an integrated TSDF has a positive synergy in terms of energy

utilization and consequent cost-effectiveness in the following manner:

a. High calorific incinerable waste reduces need and dependence of auxiliary fuel

b. Cooling of flue gases from the secondary combustion chamber in a waste heat recovery boiler

provides sensible heat transfer to steam, which can be utilized for production of electrical power

in reaction-cum-impulse turbines, and for operation of MEE.

With the above consideration, VWEMCL is proposing to install an incinerator of 15,000 kg/hr, a co-

generation system of 17 ton/hr steam output, an electrical power generation system of 2 MW, MEE of

7500 l/hr effluent input and auxiliary utilities. The integrated TSDF will be located alongside the

proposed secured landfill in the 14.5 ha land identified for the project.

Significant quantity of non-hazardous plastic waste is generated from discard of lamination sheets from

waste paper in the 40 odd recycle paper mills in and around Vapi. Generation of plastic waste from small

and medium scale paper and paper board manufacturers of Vapi area is around 180-200 MT/day2. The

waste bears GCV of 6000 – 7500 Kcal/kg and total halogen < 0.5% which makes it suitable for auxiliary

fuel in the proposed incineration system. Such an arrangement will also eliminate need for disposal of this

usable resource in a municipal sanitary landfill.

Individual components of the proposed integrated TSDF are described as in Section 2.5.

2.2 Location of the Project

The site (Plot nos. 2519/P to 3432 (48 contagious survey numbers)) lies inside notified industrial estate -

Phase IV of GIDC, Vapi, and is in possession of the proponent. The project lies in Taluka Pardi, Distt.

Valsad. Union territories of Daman and Diu, and Dadra and Nagar Haveli are at a distance of approx. 6.5

km SW and 1.2 km SE respectively. Distances of the proposed site from important landmarks in the

vicinity are as follows: 2 Core issues in recycle paper industries and technological solution in Vapi, Gopal H Chaudhari and Bharat P Jain, Gujarat Cleaner Production Centre, Gandhinagar, March, 2013.,




(a) Vapi town approx. 3.6 km W

(b) SH 185 Vapi Silvassa Road approx.1.3 km S

(c) NH 8 approx. 3.6 km W

(d) Vapi Railway Station 5.2 km W

(e) Open sea approx. 14.1 km W

(f) River Kolak approx 3.2 km N

(g) River Damanganga approx 5.3 km S

(h) Indian Coast Guard Air Station, Daman 14.1 km NW

Details about location of the proposed site and relevant environmental features of the site/its vicinity are

given in Section 1.2, Chapter 1. Location of the proposed site is given in Figure 2.2 A B and C. Proposed

layout of the project is given in Figure 2.3.

2.3 Size and Magnitude of Operation

The project is proposed over a plot area of 14.5 ha. Landfill will occupy about 7.87 ha area (54% of total

area). Greenbelt and open spaces will cover 3.2 ha area (22% of the total area). The site will be

approachable through a 20 m wide GIDC road. The site will have 6 m wide greenbelt and a 6 m wide

peripheral road for circulation. Size of the landfill and features of key systems of the TSDF is given in

Table 2.1 and Table 2.2.

2.4 Project Schedule for Approval and Implementation

Landfill component of the project will be made ready to receive waste within four months of obtaining

Environmental Clearance from the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change. Proposed

construction, commissioning and operation schedule of the project is given in Annex III.

2.5 Description of Technology and Process

The integrated TSDF project has two distinct components, as follows.

1. Landfill and associated amenities

2. Incinerator, Co-generation, MEE and Power generation with associated utilities

Following sections briefly describe the technology and process of the individual TSDF components.




5km radius around the proposed site

Figure 2.2 A, B Location of the Proposed Site




Figure 2.2 C Location of the Proposed Site




Figure 2.3 Proposed Layout of the Project

Incinerator MEE




2.5.1 Landfill

Proposed landfill will be developed in phases with progressive construction, filling and closure of the

cells.

Member industries of VWEMCL include chemical, pharmaceutical, dyes and dyes intermediates,

agrochemicals and other allied industries; the landfill is being designed to accommodate the following

general types of waste generated by them:

• Gypsum Sludge

• Iron Sludge

• Carbon Sludge

• Tarry Residue

• ETP Sludge etc.

Design of the landfill is based on engineering inputs from IIT Madras and M/s Maccaferri Environmental

Solutions Pvt. Ltd, Pune. The project will comply with the conditions prescribed for setting up and

operations of TSDFs as given in Chapter-V Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facility for Hazardous

Wastes, Hazardous Wastes (Management, Handling and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2008.

Following design and operational guidelines published by Central Pollution Control Board will also be

followed in the project.

• Criteria for Hazardous Waste Landfills (HAZWOMS/17/2000-01), CPCB, February, 2001

• Guidelines for Proper Functioning and Upkeep of Disposal Facilities (HAZWOMS/32/2005-06),

CPCB, December, 2005

• Guidelines for Storage of Incinerable Hazardous Wastes by the Operators of Common Hazardous

Waste Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facilities and Captive HW Incinerators,

(HAZWAMS/.../2005-2006), CPCB, November, 2008

• Performance Evaluation and Monitoring of the Common Hazardous Waste Treatment Storage

and Disposal Facilities including Common Hazardous Waste Incinerators (HAZWAMS/…

/2010-2011), CPCB, May, 2010

Following activities are envisaged in the operation of the proposed landfill.

• Pre-treatment of the waste prior to disposal to degrade or to fix contaminants

• Encapsulation of a waste body by a suitable liner system consisting of bottom liner and cover

liner.

• Leachate collation & drainage system




• Proper operation of the landfill and placement of waste

• Suitable post closure measures to avoid long term contaminant release

Detailed engineering design of the landfill facility is underway. Sections of the composite integrated

TSDF, liner system and liner tucking arrangement is given in Figure 2.4. Design of landfill includes

roads, storm water drainage, a hazardous waste shed and waste stabilization area, leachate collection

system & treatment, approach roads, storm water drainage system, gas management system, top cover,

green belt, vehicle washing area, landscaping, etc.

The landfill is a grade-upward design going up to 9 m above ground. Design details of the landfill

including liner system, leachate drainage system, environmental monitoring of the landfill in operation

phase, construction procedure, etc. are given in Annex IV.

Technical details of the landfill are given in Table 2.1.

Table 2.1 Technical details of the proposed Landfill

Sr. Technical specifications Value 1 Total waste filling landfill area 7.87 ha 2 Quantity of waste to be disposed 20,10,000 MT 3 Volume of waste to be disposed 16,08,000 m3 4 Bulk density of compacted solid waste 1.8 MT/m3 5 Waste application height 9 Meters 6 Bottom slope (Traverse) 3% 7 Leachate drainage slope (Longitudinal) 1.5% 8 Inner side slopes of Embankment 1:2 (V:H) 9 Outer side slopes of Embankment 1:2.5 (V:H) 10. Monitoring wells Six (two u/s, two d/s, two either sides

The depth of excavation and height of embankment construction have been considered based on site

constraints and depth of ground water table.

Following infrastructure facilities/amenities have been proposed as part of landfill, which will be shared

by the incineration, Co-generation, MEE and power generation:

• Fencing/Boundary

• Entry & Exit Gate

• Site Access Road

• Car & Bike Parking Area

• Weigh bridge




• Earth Moving Equipment Shelters

• Administrative Building

• Waste inspection laboratory

• Temporary waste storage, treatment & disposal sites for special wastes

• Drainage facilities

• Leachte collection sump, and pre-treatment facility

• Water supply facility

• Electricity collection

• Green belt

• Monitoring wells

2.5.2 Incinerator, Co-generation, MEE and Power Generation

Technical details including proposed sizes, required installation area and feed capacity of the incinerator,

Co-generation system, MEE and Power generation system including their ancillary utilities are given in

Table 2.2. Their system description is briefly given in Sections 2.5.2A to 2.5.2D.

Table 2.2 Technical details of Incinerator, Co-generation, MEE and Power generation

Sr. No.

System Installation

Area (LxWxH in m)

Capacity Feed Flow (Kg/hr)

1. Waste Incinerator (30 x 30 x 15)

Solid waste (Dry) handling capacity of 6,665 kg/hr and total capacity of handling waste of 15000 kg/hr (including moisture) with thermal capacity of 25,500 kWh/hr, Flue gas treatment system, auto feeding and ash removal system.

Primary sludge 6670 Secondary sludge Plastic waste Other Incinerable waste Moisture 7500

2. Waste Heat Recovery Boiler (20 x 20 x 10)

Waste heat recovery boiler of 17 TPH & 40 ATA capacity with desuper heater & economizer.

Boiler feed water 14200 Boiler feed water top up 1420 Flue gases at 1100 0C to steam generator

58500

3. Co-Generation System (50 x 50 x 10)

Condensing steam turbine of 2 MW capacity. Electrical generator of 2 MW

capacity. Steam condenser of 8 MW

thermal capacity. Cooling tower of 2500 TR

capacity.

Steam at 40 bar & 500 0C to steam turbine

11900

Cooling water in condenser

1360000

Cooling tower water top up

17204

4. Multiple Effect Quadruple effect evaporator with Effluent feed to MEE 7500




Evaporator (12 x 08 x 18)

feeding capacity of 150 KL/day (7500 Litre/hr.) integrated with stripper & Agitated Thin Film Dryer (ATFD).

Steam @ 6 bar to MEE 2263

General material movement scheme of the integrated TSDF is given in Figure 2.5. Mass and energy

balance for the individual components of the TSDF are given in Annex V.

2.5.2A Incinerator

Combined incineration of hazardous waste is proposed in a patented Michaelis®3 moving bed incinerator

consisting of a drying zone for moisture containing incinerable wastes, and an incineration zone for the

dried sludge and combustible waste materials.

The wastes will be incinerated in a continuous operating combustion chamber. A continuous incineration

process will be ensured by automated feeding and ash extraction. Wastes will be mixed, moved and fed

into the incinerator by a rotating paddle system.

The incineration system will combine incineration without grate and moving of the material through the

furnace. The material will be moved and intensively mixed by incinerator internals to ensures uniform

and effective incineration.

Combustion air will be blown into the waste by a nozzle system controlled by incineration parameters.

Temperature in the combustion chamber will be maintained at approx. 850 0C. The temperature will be

controlled by burner operation. Flue gases from the combustion chamber contain partially oxydized

material will be conveyed to the post combustion chamber designed for a flue gas temperature of about

1100 0C and 2 second residence time. The combustion chamber will be lined entirely with high quality

refractory material with high alumina oxide content for wear resistance.

3 Michaelis GmbH & Co. KG, Rudolf-Diesel-Strasse 5-7, D-97209 Veitshöchheim (Würzburg), Germany Fon: +49 931 3593890, Fax: +49 931 3593899, e-mail: [email protected], www.michaelis-systems.de

mailto:[email protected]




Figure 2.4 Sections of the Landfill




Figure 2.5 General Material Movement Scheme of the Integrated TSDF

The incinerator will be designed for continuous operation of 24 hr/day, with following features:

a) Automatic ash removal: Ash and slag will fall from the last step into a bin filled with water.

Cooled ash will be continuously extracted from this bin by means of a belt conveyor and

transported to the ash container.

b) Automatic feeding of mixed hazardous waste: The material will be collected in a concrete

bin, which will be equipped with a screw conveyor system for unloading on a material

transportation system to the incinerator feeding system. The system will be equipped with

shredder and feeding system for plastic and other combustible waste material. The waste

feeding system will be versatile to take care of wastes of all consistencies.

c) Dry sorption system for flue gas cleaning: Sodium bicarbonate mixed with activated carbon

will be used for removal of SO2, HCl and HF., heavy metals, dioxins, etc. Dust laden air will

enters the hopper and then will rise evenly around the elements. Dust will be deposited on




the outer surface of each element, allowing only clean air to pass through the filter candle

and leave the filter. Dust cake will be dislodged at intervals by a brief pulse of compressed

air injected into each row of candles in turn; the dust will falls directly into the hopper. The

filter will have no moving parts.

Typical view of the Incinerator is given in Figure 2.6.

Incinerator Incinerator Building Waste Feeding Arrangement

Figure 2.6 Typical view of the Incinerator

2.5.2B Co-generation System

The proposed go generation system comprises a waste heat recovery boiler proposed to be installed to

extract sensible heat from the flue gases from the incineration system thus rendering the gas quenching

service to the incinerator. Steam from the boiler will be used to produce power in a TG system and will

also be used as heat feed into the propose MEE. Description of the components of the co-generation

system is as follows:

2.5.2C Waste Heat Recovery Boiler

Primary role of the waste heat recovery boiler will be utilization of usable heat without any additional fuel

expense. Because the waste heat recovery equipment draws heat from flue gas that would normally be

discharged to the atmosphere, all heat recovered can be utilized to offset the fuel required to produce

process heat or electricity or both in other facility operations like incinerators.

Cylindrical coil type, water tube, once through boiler, will be installed with an option of

Horizontal/Vertical and Indoor as well as Outdoor configuration. Boiler will handle the dust laden gases

soot blowing arrangement (with pneumatic/steam soot blowers). Superheated steam generation will be

possible due to provision of superheater and moisture separator installed between the evaporator and

superheater, while superheat degree will be limited by inlet gas temperature (in proposed case the flue gas

temperature will be 100 0C which can generate the required degree of superheat as per requirement).

Water side circulation will be once through forced circulation.




There is possibility for heat addition into waste gas stream by addition of hot gases generated by

separately fired hot gas generator (in case of variation in flue gas heat content from incinerator). Three to

four stage of heat recovery will be possible with super heater, evaporator, economizer, water preheater as

per need. Boiler water level monitoring and control system will be provided to monitor and regulate

events when the level falls below safe level by automatic bypass of the flue gases into the stack. This will

eliminate boiler tubes overheating. Generally the feed pump & drum level controller system will maintain

desired level.

Automatic flue gas monitoring & control system will be installed to regulate steam pressure if it exceeds

the predetermined value by automatically diverting of the flue gases to stack. This will save the turbine

from getting subjected to excessive back pressure. Automatic steam pressure monitoring & control system

will be provided to regulate and control events where steam pressure exceeds the predetermined value by

automatically diverting of the flue gases to stack. This will eliminate frequent operation of safety relief

valve.

Adoption of natural circulation design will eliminate dependence on any external equipment for

circulation, will aid uninterrupted circulation and will ensure no build up of higher TDS level in

evaporator and subsequent scale deposition.

Bare tubes will reduce possibility of soot accumulation, particularly for gases with high SPM. Bare tubes

used in manufacturing are standard tubes available in market. In case of replacement user is not

dependent on manufacturer for supply of tubes.

Two stage economizer will improve heat recovery. Feed water will be heated completely up-to saturation

temperature with waste heat after main boiler. This will be done while maintaining feed water

temperature at economizer inlet above 122 0C even if temperature in tank is 85 –90 0C.

Tubes will be are placed vertically with axis parallel to gas flow to ensure no obstruction of flow of gas.

Possibilities of soot accumulation will be less since vertical downward flow of flue gas will help in

dislodging the soot particles. Auto temperature correction system will ensure that feed water entering

each stage of economizer is at-least at 122 0C. This will ensure that all contact area is above the safe

temperature level and will eliminate any possibility of corrosion.

Typical view of the WHRB installation is given in Figure 2.7.




Figure 2.7 Typical view of the WHRB installation

2.5.2D Co-generation System

Cogeneration or Combined Heat and Power (CHP) is defined as the sequential generation of two different

forms of useful energy from a single primary energy source, typically mechanical energy and thermal

energy. Mechanical energy may be used to drive an alternator for producing electricity. Thermal energy

can be used for direct process applications like Multiple Effect Evaporator. The overall efficiency of

energy use in cogeneration mode can be up to 85 per cent and above in some cases.

Condensing turbines are most commonly found in electrical power plants. These turbines exhaust steam

in a partially condensed state, typically of a quality near 90%, at a pressure well below atmospheric to a

condenser. These arrangements include single casing, Single casing units are the most basic style where a

single casing and shaft are coupled to a generator. An ideal steam turbine is considered to be an isentropic

process, or constant entropy process, in which the entropy of the steam entering the turbine is equal to the

entropy of the steam leaving the turbine. No steam turbine is truly isentropic, however, with typical

isentropic efficiencies ranging from 20–90% based on the application of the turbine. The interior of a

turbine comprises several sets of blades, or buckets as they are more commonly referred to. One set of

stationary blades is connected to the casing and one set of rotating blades is connected to the shaft. The

sets intermesh with certain minimum clearances, with the size and configuration of sets varying to

efficiently exploit the expansion of steam at each stage.

When warming up a steam turbine for use, the main steam stop valves (after the boiler) have a bypass line

to allow superheated steam to slowly bypass the valve and proceed to heat up the lines in the system

along with the steam turbine. Also, a turning gear is engaged when there is no steam to the turbine to

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_quality

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isentropic_process

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isentropic_process

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turning_gear




slowly rotate the turbine to ensure even heating to prevent uneven expansion. After first rotating the

turbine by the turning gear, allowing time for the rotor to assume a straight plane (no bowing), then the

turning gear is disengaged and steam is admitted to the turbine, first to the astern blades then to the ahead

blades slowly rotating the turbine at 10–15 RPM (0.17–0.25 Hz) to slowly warm the turbine. Any

imbalance of the rotor can lead to vibration, which in extreme cases can lead to a blade breaking away

from the rotor at high velocity and being ejected directly through the casing. To minimize risk it is

essential that the turbine be very well balanced and turned with dry steam - that is, superheated steam

with a minimal liquid water content. If water gets into the steam and is blasted onto the blades (moisture

carry over), rapid impingement and erosion of the blades can occur leading to imbalance and catastrophic

failure. Also, water entering the blades will result in the destruction of the thrust bearing for the turbine

shaft. To prevent this, along with controls and baffles in the boilers to ensure high quality steam,

condensate drains are installed in the steam piping leading to the turbine. Modern designs are sufficiently

refined that problems with turbines are rare and maintenance requirements are relatively small.

The control of a turbine with a governor is essential, as turbines need to be run up slowly, to prevent

damage while some applications (such as the generation of alternating current electricity) require precise

speed control. Uncontrolled acceleration of the turbine rotor can lead to an overspeed trip, which causes

the nozzle valves that control the flow of steam to the turbine to close. If this fails then the turbine may

continue accelerating until it breaks apart, often spectacularly. Turbines are expensive to make, requiring

precision manufacture and special quality materials.

During normal operation in synchronization with the electricity network, power plants are governed with

a five percent droop speed control. This means the full load speed is 100% and the no-load speed is

105%.

Steam turbine it’s an automatized aggregate, which all main elements and auxiliary systems are mounted

on the common baseframe. Comparatively small dimensions allow installing steam turbine in the small

areas and on the low foundation; it could be used free area in the boiler houses or in other production

buildings. Upward exhaust allows essentially reducing volume of erection and projecting works

comparing with downward or axial steam exhaust turbine.

Common oil system for oil supply to control and lubrication, built-in baseplate oil tank and oil pipelines

length’s reducing till minimum possible value allow to reduce used at the plant oil volume.

Steam turbine recourses till overhaul is up to 120000 hours. STG service life is up to 40 years.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Droop_speed_control




Digital Excitation Control System can accommodate 32 V DC, 63 V DC, or 125 V DC applications up to

15 A DC. This unique flexibility provides precision control of virtually any size generators.

Automatic Synchronizer will have microprocessor based system including features to bring any generator

on line in a minimum time, from steam turbine units to large hydro. It may be configured for simple

manual control systems or equipped for complete automatic control of generators. Current Differential

Protection System will be a 3 phase, 2 restraint multifunction, numerical relay that will provide

percentage restrained differential protection along with overcurrent, breaker failure, control, metering,

monitoring, and alarm functions in an integrated system. Control cabinets will be equipped for necessary

protection terminals, automatics and measurements. Condenser will be a shell-and-tube type heat

exchanger. Steam leaving the turbine will flow to condenser pipe, passes around cooling pipes, condenses

and will get into a hot-well. A sufficiently sized steam space will be necessary for distribution of the

vapour in condenser. This will be granted by a bundle of pipes eccentrically arranged in the casing. In the

order to minimize the inlet velocity into the bundle, and thus the surface strain of the individual pipes,

vapour channels will be provided in the bundle thus increasing the inlet surface that increases the

operating life and condenser efficiency.

2.5.2E Multiple Effect Evaporation

MEE is a thermal treatment technology, wherein the boiling point difference of different dissolved solids,

chemicals, organic, inorganic solvents are considered at different level of designing. The ingredients

having boiling point less than water are thermally treated in a packed tower known as Stripper to its

vapour form and recovered (High Volatile COD treatment). The balance liquid (or mother liquor) is sent

for further treatment in MEE in which the water is treated in different calandria to vapour stage, by

utilizing minimum steam using vacuum. The evaporated water is recovered for reuse, while the

concentrated slurry or left over concentrate is then sent to ATFD (Agitated Thin Film Dryer), where the

remaining water in the slurry is evaporated to give out maximum amount of dry solid or salts.

2.5.3 Utilities Requirement

Requirement of water, power and manpower for operation of the integrated TSDF is given in following

sections 2.5.3 A to 2.5.3C.

2.5.3A Water

Water consumption for the integrated TSDF is estimated to be about 986 kld. Raw water will be supplied

by GIDC to the site. Water balance of the site is given in Figure 2.8. The water usage depicted in the

water-balance diagram is the peak water requirement with all water usages being supplied at the same

time.




Water will be recycled to the extent possible. Usages such as wheel wash pit and for preparation of

lime/cement/gypsum/other binder solutions will be met from the cooling tower blow down. Similarly,

blowdown streams from the cooling tower and boiler, and Ion exchange regeneration stream from the de-

mineralization plan of the boiler will be mixed with the high TDS effluent and will be recycled in the

MEE. Misc. usages comprise sundry, occasional washings, water for fire fighting system top-up, etc.

2.5.3B Power

The project will require about 950 kW of electrical power. Landfill component will not be power

intensive; electrical power of about 110 kW will be required for operation of weigh bridge, leachate

pumps and area illumination.

Due to production of electrical power in the TG, the project will be a net power positive. Necessary power

step up and evacuation arrangement to the local grid will be made in consultation with MGVCL.

Although there are no services in the proposed TSDF which would be hampered due to temporary cut off

of power. However, a 42 kVA DG has been provisioned for back up power.

2.5.3C Machinery

The integrated TSDF will require following machinery:

1. 125 HP track mounted hydraulic backhoe excavators – 3 nos.

2. 75 HP tractor mounted backhow loader – 1 no.

3. 100 HP vibro compactor with sheepfoot roller attachment – 1 no.

4. 10 ton roller compactor weight roller – 1 no.

5. Water bouser/tanker mounted on 8 ton truck chassis

6. 60 HP tractor with hydraulic tipper trolley – 2 nos

3. 2 ton Battery operated forklift – 1 no.

4. Utility vehicles – 3 nos.

2.5.3D Fuel

The incinerator will require Natural Gas as auxiliary fuel to the tune of 1800 kg/hr. Natural gas will be

supplied by Gujarat Gas Company Ltd. through a NG valve skid.

About 400-600 liters of HSD fuel might be require by the equipment in the landfill operation. Fuel will be

procured in 200 l MS drums on a daily and transferred to the equipment using hand operated gear pumps.




2.5.3E Manpower

About 55 skilled manpower and 200 contract labours (including security personnel) will be needed for

operation of the TSDF.




Figure 2.8 Water Balance




2.5.4 Mitigation Measures incorporated into the Project

The project will be designed to meet all the statutory requirements applicable for design and operation of a

TSDF with common hazardous waste incinerator and a secured landfill, as given in section 2.5.1.

Pollution streams arising from components of the integrated TSDF and their management built-in into the

systems is given in Table 2.3.

Table 2.3 Inbuilt Mitigation Measures

Sr. No.

Component of TSDF

Stream Management Measure

1 Landfill Fugitive emission from workings in the landfills (soil handling) and internal traffic

Water sprinkling

2 Landfill Leachate Leachate is expected to be generated at an average rate of 17-20 kl/day. It will stored in a below grade, cement-concrete leachate tank of 10 kl capacity with pumping arrangement, leachate to be transported in a 6-8 kl tanker truck and treated in the 55 MD CETP operated by M/s VWEMCL in GIDG Vapi Phase I.

3 Incinerator Wet sludge from the gas cleaning system

To be passed through filter press, and either disposed as such or to be used as a pH buffering agent in acific wastes/waste stabilization section

4 Incinerator Ash Landfill 5 Incinerator, TG, MEE Used oils Incinerator 6 MEE Stripper To be given as a slip stream into the

Incinerator 7 WHRB Boiler soot Landfill 8 Feed water treatment

unit of WHRB Spent ion exchange resin Landfill

Mass balance of the Gas Cleaning System proposed in the incinerator is given in Annex VI. Expected

quality of leachate is given in Annex VII.



Chapter 03

Description of the Environment


Chapter 03 Description of the Environment


Chapter 03

Description of the Environment 3.1 Study Area, Period, Components and Methodology 3.1.1 Study Area An area covered within 10 km from the approximate centre point of the Project Site has been

considered as the study area for generation of environmental baseline and evaluation of impacts from

the proposed integrated TSDF project.

The impact area falls in the state of Gujarat, UT of Dadra (Dadra and Nagar Havali) and UT of

Daman (Daman and Diu).The study area falls in the combined catchment of two perennial, westward

flowing rivers, Kolak (~3.4 km north from the Project Site, and river Damanganga (~5.4 km south

from the Project Site).

A detailed map of the study area is prepared that indicates roads, railways, major settlements, rivers

and Tehsil boundaries. The landuse of the impact area is mixed (with significant industrial, urban-

semi-urban and agricultural landuse). Key map of the impact area is given in Figure 3.1.

3.1.2 Period of Baseline Monitoring, Components and Methodology Monitoring for baseline parameters was carried out in the summer months of 2014 (Ambient Air

Quality, Noise) and 2015 (Surface and Ground Water, Soil, Ecology and Biodiversity, Geology and

Hydrogeology, and Socio Economic status). The components and methodology of baseline generation

are summarized in Table 3.1.

Table 3.1Environmental Components for Baseline Study and Source of Information

Component Parameters Monitoring Schedule/Source of Information

Land Topography, Geology, Soil

Site survey, contour survey from client, maps in public domain

Land use Landuse, Landcover LISS III Satellite imagery procured from NRSC, Govt. of India, date of image acquisition 15th April, 2015

Hydrology Groundwater, Surface Hydrology and Drainage

Site survey supplemented by secondary information, Resistivity survey carried out to determine depth of ground water

Meteorology Weather and Climate IMD, Pune for Surat station and secondary information

Ambient Air Quality SO2,NOx, PM10 , PM2.5

AAQ monitoring carried out at 10 stations (covering upwind, downwind and crosswind) for three months (8 hourly x 3 times x 2 days for every station, all stations covered in the week, for twelve weeks) for




parameters

Noise level Noise levels in dB(A) Continuous recording for 24 hrs at hourly interval at all the AAQ stations

Water Quality (Surface and Ground water)

Physical and Chemical Characteristics

Sampled during the monitoring period at selected stations

Soil Quality Physical and Chemical Characteristics

Sampled during the monitoring period at selected stations

Socio-Economic Aspects

Demography, Level of Development in the Surrounding Villages and Occupation Distribution

Village survey supplemented by secondary information from ZilaPanchayat and Census of India




Figure 3.1 Key Map of Impact Area




3.2 Baseline for Valued Environmental Components Following components of the environment in the 10 km Impact Area of the Project has been scopes as

valued, and has been studied in details for establishment of baseline environmental status.

(a) Site Topography

(b) Regional Geology

(c) Landuse, Landcover

(d) Weather and Climate

(e) Air environment

(f) Noise

(g) Water environment (surface and ground water)

(h) Soils

(i) Traffic

(j) Ecology and Biodiversity

(k) Socio Economic status

The environmental components are described in the following sections.

3.2.1 Topography Topography of the Impact Area has a distinct westward and northward slope. The highest point in the

impact area is ~ 62 m MSL south of MotaPondha being the lower end foothills of the Saputara range.

Eastern, southern and western extremities are at ~ 18 m, 35 and 25 m MSL respectively. Primary

drainage in the area (rivers Damanganga and Kolak) follows east-to-west direction. Except for a small

hillock at Morai (near Welspun Industries) on the north end of the Impact Area, the area is devoid of

any abrupt topographical undulations.

The elevation of the site varies from 32m MSL in the south to 31 m MSL in the north and north west.

Contour survey of the Project Site is given in Figure 3.2. The site is a flat land with gentle slopes

towards west and north east. Average grade of the site is about 1 m average higher than the finished

top GIDC road level which is an ideal condition for laying of internal roads and drainage.

3.2.2 Drainage The project area forms a small and distal part of catchment of Damanganga river system.

Damanganga river originates near Peth in Nasik district of Maharshtra and flows perennially towards

northwest to meet the Arabian Sea at an approximate distance of 20 km from the Project Site. The

Damanganga River stream is at a distance of 5 km from the Project Site. River Kolak, another small,

perennial, westward flowing river originating at the Saputara hills about 30 km east of the project site

flows about 3.5 km from the Project Site. High flood lines of both rivers are within few meters of the

river banks; the Project Site is too far away to be effected by high floods in both the rivers. Apart from




the two mentioned rivers there is no surface drainage of significance in close neighbourhood. Among

the different drainage pattern the well-established drainage systems is dendritic. Drainage of the area

is discernible from Figure 3.1.

3.2.3Regional Geology Based on physiographic division of Gujarat, the Project Site falls in Mainland Gujarat. The Mainland

Gujarat comprises of the eastern rocky highlands and western alluvial plains. The western alluvial

plain consists of a thick pile of unconsolidated sediments lying in the western part of the mainland.

The plains of northern and central Gujarat are the thickest, across which the major rivers of Gujarat

flow.

Generalized geological map of Gujarat is given in Annex VIII. Geologically, Mainland Gujarat is

comprised of Precambrian basement rocks, a few isolated patches of Gondwana formations, a

Cretaceous sedimentary sequence (Bagh and Lameta Beds), Deccan Trap and associated intrusive and

Tertiary and Quaternary sedimentary sequences deposited by a combination of fluvial and aeolian

agencies during the Quaternaryperiod. The nature of variation in thickness of the Quaternary

sediments in its different segments indicates that the basin comprises a series of horsts and grabens.

However, on the surface, it forms a reasonably flat topography with a prominent gentle slope in the

NE to SW direction. Elevation of these surfaces varies from 25 meters to 75 meters from the mean sea

level.

Geologically the area is covered by Deccan basalt of the continental tholeiitic province of India

having Cretaceous–Eocene age (about 55 to 65 million years ago).The general geological succession

of Valsad district is given in Table 3.2.

Table 3.2 Geological Succession of Valsad District Geological Age Formation Group Lithology

Holocene

Mahuva Formation Younger tidal formation, spit / bar and shoal deposit

Akhaj Formation Coastal dune deposit Rann Clay Formation Older tidal flat deposit Katpur Formation Flood plain deposit

Upper Cretaceous to Eocene

Extrusive Deccan Volcanic

Granophyre and other basic dykes, sills & plugs

Intrusive Basalt &Dacite The study area and close surroundings comprise of weathered vescicular basaltic rock. The soil extends up to 1 to 1.5 m below ground level followed by weathered basalt. It is then underlain by hard basalt encountered at a depth.




3.2.3.1 Geomorphology The land forms/geomorphic units and structures such as fractures, fissures and faults of the given area

play the vital role in formation of the groundwater potential zones. The following geomorphic units

have been observed:

(1) Plateau Weathered

(2) Plateau Slightly Dissected

The Plateau Weathered, shallow, slightly dissected units are good in respect of groundwater

occurrence and movement. Apart from the above there are numerous fractures in and around the

Project Site. The fractures often act as good ground water conduits. Moderately yielding bore wells

with 1 lps discharge are observed around the study area, as shown in Figure 3.3.

Figure 3.3 Borewell near Project Site




Figure 3.2 Contour Survey of Project Site




3.2.3.2 Regional Hydrogeology Groundwater in Valsad district occurs in porous unconsolidated formations and fissure formations

both under water table conditions as well as under confined conditions. The unconsolidated

formations comprise gravel, sand, silt, clay and kankars while the fissure formations mainly consist of

basaltic rock. Basaltic exposure encountered in the Impact Area is shown in Figure 3.4. Generally the

water table follows topographic configuration. The depth to water is greater in upland areas whereas

in valley portion and shallow grounds, the levels are very close to surface. In hilly terrain of eastern,

north-eastern and southeastern part of the district, spring zones are seen in river section and also along

the section of the Daman Ganga, Kolak, Par&Aurangarivers of the district.

In major part of the district, basalt rock units form aquifers whereas alluvium deposits form aquifer

system in north western part and in central part along river courses and also all along narrow coastal

stripes of the district. The weathered basalts formations are covered by soil/muram, valley fill and

piedmont deposits forming potential aquifers in the vicinity of rivers and in the vast undulating plains

adjacent to hilly terrain. But their regional continuity and extension are limited due to heterogeneous

nature of deposits with limited thickness and lateral extension. As such they rarely exceed a few

square kilometres.

Figure 3.4 Basalt Exposure with Spheroidal Weathered Boulders separated by Prominent Joints

The ground water in the Impact Area is found to occur under water table condition. The occurrence

and movement of groundwater is controlled by the fractures and fissures.

Open well and bore wells are the sources for irritation supplementing the canal water from

Damanganga Project. The depth of the bore wells vary from 20 to 80 m. The yield of the bore wells

very between 60 to 120 lpm (i.e. 1 to 2 lps). High yielding bore well are observed in the fracture

system. Open wells are also used for drinking in some portion of the study area. However, they are

old and replaced by bore wells.




3.2.3.3 Vulnerability to Earthquake The Project Site lies in earthquake zone III per IS 1893 (Part 1) 2002. Location of the site on the

Earthquake zonation map of India is given in Annex IX.

3.2.4 Weather and Climate The climate of Vapi is temperate. It experiences moderate summers, short winters and heavy rainy

season.The mean maximum temperature of the area is 37.2° C, and mean minimum temperature is

11.6° C. Humidity ranges between 24-100 percent. Vapi receives major share of its rainfall between

June and September due to Southwest Monsoon. The district receives between 1500 to 2200 mm of

rainfall.During the monsoon months from June to September, especially in July and August, rainfall is

heavy. During the southwest monsoon season particularly in July and August, the skies are heavily

clouded. During the rest of the year the skies are mostly clear to lightly cloudy.

Decadal rainfall record (2004 to 2013) collected for the Valsad district is given in Table 3.3and

Figure 3.5.

Table 3.3 Month wise Spread of Decadal Rainfall Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Total

2004 0 0 0 0 7 375 856.6 966.7 101.4 31.9 0 0 2338.6 2005 0 0 0 0 0 1186 501.9 465.7 627.6 11.9 0 0 2793.1 2006 0 0 0 0 0 316.3 1029.8 663.5 185.4 35 6.8 0 2236.8 2007 0 0 0 0 0 271.8 724.3 742.7 448 0 9.7 0 2196.5 2008 0 0 0 0 0 225.1 755.1 892.2 364.3 9.6 0 0 2246.3 2009 0 0 0 0 0 115 1181 204.6 234 96.3 31 0 1861.9 2010 0 0 0 0 0 202.4 735.5 720.1 502 47.1 28.3 0 2235.4 2011 0 0.2 0 0 0 87.3 824.5 963.8 359.1 3.9 0 0 2238.8 2012 0 0 0 0 0 105.3 523.9 358.1 472.2 37.7 0 0 1497.2 2013 0 0 0 1.8 0.3 687.5 1093.2 425.5 538.1 57.7 0 0 2804.1

Average 0 0.02 0 0.2 0.7 357.2 822.6 640.3 383.2 33.1 7.8 0 2244.9

Source: India Meteorology Department, Pune




Figure 3.5 Month wise spread of Decadal Rainfall Predominant wind direction is W-SW-NW during Southwest Monsoon months, i.e. June to October.

During the winter months, the wind direction is from N -NE. The average annual wind velocity is 6 to

9 km/hr. Climatological data of Surat station (for the closest station available from IMD, Pune,

closely representative of the area) is shown in Table 3.4.Windrose of the Impact Area based on

hourly meteorological data recorded in Winter, 2014 is given in Figure 3.6. Month wise windroses of

Surat station are given in Annex X.

Table 3.4 Climatological Data Representative of Site Month

Period No. of Years Mean temperature ˚C Mean rainfall in mm Maximum Minimum

January 1901-2000 99 30.9 14.7 2.1 February 1901-2000 99 32.4 16.2 1.0 March 1901-2000 99 35.8 20.1 0.8 April 1901-2000 99 37.2 23.6 2.2 May 1901-2000 99 36.2 26.3 6.4 June 1901-2000 99 33.8 26.7 212.8 July 1901-2000 99 30.8 25.5 440.8 August 1901-2000 99 30.4 25.1 233.4 September 1901-2000 99 31.8 24.6 169.7 October 1901-2000 99 35.3 23.0 33.5 November 1901-2000 99 34.3 19.2 12.4 December 1901-2000 99 32.0 15.9 2.1

Source: India Meteorology Department, Pune

R A I N

F A

M O N T H




Figure 3.6Windrose of Study Area, Winter, 2014

3.2.5Landuse, Landcover Latest satellite image - LISS III was procured from National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC),

Hyderabad (date of image acquisition 15th April, 2015) in raw format which was pre-processed and

geo-referenced. Standard image interpretation elements like tone, texture, shape, size, association,

shadow and pattern were utilised to identify prominent LULC classes. A visit to the project site was

carried out to validate the doubtful areas. Geographical coordinate of these locations were recorded

using a Global Positioning System (GPS). False Colour Composite (raw image) of the Impact Area

and interpreted landuse of the Impact Area are given in Figure 3.7 and Figure 3.8 respectively.

Detailed Landuse-Landcover Report is given in Annex XI.

Using the standard landuse classification system proposed by NRSC, about five classes of level I,

twelve of level II and four of level III land use/land cover classes were identified and mapped using

satellite data in the present study. The imagery was interpreted and ground checked for corrections.

Landuse/Landcover of the Impact Area is given in Table 3.5. Builtup land occupies about 36.89

sq.km, water bodies occupy around 11.09sq.km., crop land around 213.5 sq.km, wastelands around

48.72 sq.km and other land 4.7sq.km.Agriculture/crop land is the dominant landuse of the Impact

Area. Landuse/landcover of the Impact Area is given in Table 3.5 and represented as a pi-chart in

Figure 3.9. Industrial area and settlements forms only 4.8 % and 6.9 % of the landuse respectively.




Table 3.5 Landuse/landcover of the Impact Area S.No. Landuse Area in Sq.Km Percentage 1 Buildup

A. Urban B. Rural C. Industrial

14.47 7.32

15.01

4.60 2.32 4.77

2. Water bodies Tank/River/etc.

11.09

3.52

3. Crop land A. Single crop B. Double crop C. Vegetation D. Fallow Land

72.48 55.86 18.81 66.32

23.02 17.74 5.97

21.06 4. Other land

A. Road/rail

4.7

1.49 5. Wastelands

A. Land with scrub B. Land without scrub

21.32 27.51

6.77 8.74

TOTAL 314 100

Figure 3.9Landuse of the Impact Area

3.2.6 Ambient Air Environment

The Project Site is on the leeward side of GIDC Industrial Estate according to the wind regimen of

winter months - which is most critical period from ambient air quality point of view. The Site forms

the eastern extremity of the Industrial Estate. Sampling stations for AAQ were determined based on

the wind direction in winters and possible sources of pollutants from industrial, domestic and local

traffic sources .




Figure 3.7 False Colour Composite (FCC) Satellite Image of the Impact Area




Figure 3.8 Landuse Land cover Map of the Impact Area




Chosen AAQ sites with rational of selection is given in Table 3.6. Site being within/close to industrial

estate, summary parameters like - Particulate Matter (PM10), Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Sulphur

dioxide (SO2) and Oxides of Nitrogen (NOX) were selected for documentation of baseline. Sampling

was carried out by a Surat based NABL Accredited laboratory for the months of February to April,

2014. Method of sampling followed for the AAQ parameters is given in Table 3.7. Sampling

locations in the Impact Area are shown in Figure 3.10. Results of AAQ monitoring are summarized

in Table 3.8.

Table 3.6 AAQ Sampling Stations Sam. Point

Location Distance from Project Site (km)

Direction Rationale for site selection

AAQ1 Project site -- AAQ2 Karvad village (terrace of

Gram Panchayat office) 0.8 SW Nearfield, downwind

AAQ3 Chhiri village (landing of the village water tank)

1.8 NW Nearfield, crosswind

AAQ4 Pandhor village (terrace of Gram Panchayat office)

3 NE Nearfield, upwind

AAQ5 Rohina village (Nr. Gram Panchayat office, near Bank of Baroda)

9.5 NE Farfield, upwind

AAQ6 Vapi GIDC (main gate of Kundar Chemicals)

5.3 W Nearfield, high baseline for AAQ due to operating GIDC industrial estate

AAQ7 Lavachha village (near Gram Panchayat office)

7.7 SE Farfield, crosswind

AAQ8 Chanod colony (terrace of MayurAppts, Bhula Nagar Colony)

4.3 SW Nearfield, downwind

AAQ9 Kocharva(KumbharFalia) 1.12 NE Nearfield, upwind, may be effected by stack downwash, fugitive emissions

AAQ10 DungriFalia(terrace ofDarpanCinema)

2.3 SW Nearfield, downwind, may be effected by stack downwash, fugitive emissions

Table 3.7 Method of Sampling and Analysis of AAQ parameters

S. No. Parameter Methods

Minimum Detection Limit (µg/m3)

1 Particulate Matter (PM) PM10 sampler PM2.5 sampler 1.0

2 Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) West and Gaeke EPA modified 4.0 3 Nitrogen Oxides (NOX) Jacob-Hochheiser (Sodium Arsenite Method) 3.0




Figure 3.10 AAQ Sampling location in the Impact Area

Table 3.8 Ambient Air Monitoring results (Period - Summer 2014)

Sam. Pt. Location

PM10 (µg/m3)

PM2.5 (µg/m3)

SO2 (µg/m3)

NOx (µg/m3)

AA1 Project Site

Average 95.5 51.7 17.3 22.8 Maximum 119.6 85.1 22.7 29.5 Minimum 59.3 39.0 12.3 18.1 98‰ 119.5 80.0 22.7 28.9

AA2

Karvad Village


AA3 Chhiri village


AA4

Pandhor Village


AA5 Rohina Average 96.2 58.4 13.0 16.3




Sam. Pt. Location

PM10 (µg/m3)

PM2.5 (µg/m3)

SO2 (µg/m3)

NOx (µg/m3)

Village Maximum 109.3 72.3 16.8 19.2 Minimum 85.4 40.7 10.2 12.2 98‰ 109.2 71.9 16.6 19.2

AA6 Kundar Chemicals (Vapi GIDC)


AA7 Lavachha Village


AA8 Chanod Colony


AA9 Kocharva Village


AA10 DungriFalia


NAAQS Standards 24 hourly avg 100 60 80 80

The AAQ stations in the Impact Area exhibited more than 100 µg/m3ofPM10. Even farfield crosswind

and upwind stations such as Lavaccha and Rohina showed PM10 values higher than NAAQS

standard. High PM10 values in the predominately rural (no apparent impact by industrial activity due

to large distance) stations could be attributed by dry season and harvesting/agricultural activity going

on the area. PM2.5 values in all the AAQ stations were recorded almost near the NAAQS levels,

except inside the GIDC estate where they were much above the standards. NOx and SO2 - pollutants

from fuel combustion origin (industril or traffic) were well below the NAAQS standards uniformaly

across all AAQ stations indicating that the point-industrial sources of the industrial estate were under

compliance. This also indicates that a major source of particulates in the Impact Area is of fugitive

emission (both indusrial and traffic) origin. National Ambient Air Quality Standards, 2009 showing

relevent parameters is given in Table 3.9.




Table 3.9 National Ambient Air Quality Standards (CPCB, 2009)

Pollutant Time Weighted Average

Concentration in Ambient Air Industrial/

Residential, Rural and Other Area

Ecologically Sensitive Area (Notified by C.

Govt.)

Methods of Measurement

Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), µg/m3

Annual * 24 Hours**

50 80

20 80

*Improved West and Gaeke *Ultraviolet fluorescence

Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), µg/m3

Annual * 24 Hours**

40 80

30 80

*Modified Jacob &Hochheiser (Na-Arsenite) *Chemiluminescence

Particulate Matter (size less than 10 µm) or PM10, µg/m3

Annual * 24 Hours**

60 100

60 100

*Gravimetric *TOEM *Beta attenuation

Particulate Matter (size less than 2.5 µm) or PM 2.5, µg/m3

Annual * 24 Hours**

40 60

40 60

*Gravimetric *TOEM *Beta attenuation

3.2.7Noise Equivalent noise level (A-weighted) measurement was carried out on an hourly basis for 24 hours at

the AAQ sites in the summer season of 2014 on a week-day using a hand held noise level meter to

document the baseline noise in the impact area. A-frequency weighting, represented in dB(A) is the

commonly used loudness transform for the measurement of environmental noise. Since noise follows

similar principles of propagation and attenuation as that of air pollutants, and is mostly couples with

the same sources as that of air pollution, sampling for noise was carried at the AAQ stations. Day time

noise was monitored between 6:00 AM to 10:00 PM, night time noise was monitored between 10:00

PM to 6:00 AM. Noise monitoring results are given in Table 3.10.

Table 3.10 Noise Monitoring Results [Leq (dB [A])] (Period - Summer 2014)

Sam. Point

Sampling location

Area Category

Leq Day

(dBA)

Standard * dB(A)

Leq Night (dBA)

Standard * dB(A)

N1 Project site Industrial 73.1 75 68.9 70 N2 Karvad village Residential 53.2 55 43.6 45 N3 Chhiri village Residential 54.2 55 44.4 45 N4 Pandhor village Residential 53.1 55 43.3 45 N5 Rohina village Residential 49.2 55 42.9 45




N6 Vapi GIDC Industrial 78.4 75 67.3 70 N7 Lavachha village Residential 51.8 55 43.9 45 N8 Chanod colony Residential 52.5 55 42.8 45 N9 Kocharva Residential 54.3 55 45.6 45 N10 DungriFalia Residential 54.0 55 42.7 45

* Schedule II of the Environment Protection Act, 1986

Twelve hourly averaged noise levels in all the village and the project site are within noise standards

prescribed for residential and industrial areas, respectively. Noise in the sampling sites are from local

origin as industrial noise from GIDC are observed to be attenuated within few hundred meters from

the GIDC boundary. Tree vegetation with thick foliar vegetation in and around the in the villages

attenuate the local noises. Most of the observed noise in the habitations are from traffic sources.

3.2.8Surface Water Quality Sampling locations for surface water in the impact area were selected based on a reconnaissance

survey. Sampling locations with rationale of selection are given in Table 3.11. Sampling locations for

surface water in the Impact Area are shown in Figure 3.10. Sampling was carried out in the summer

season of 2015, samples were preserved onsite and transported to the laboratory at Patalganga,

Maharashtra and analysed forscoped parameters to assess its suitability for potability and other non-

potable, contact and non-contact use. Result of surface water analysis is given in Table 3.12.

Table 3.11Surface Water Sampling Stations

Sam. Point

Location Distance from Project

Site (km)


SW1 Karvadvillagetalav 0.82 SW Large, community user natural source water body near proposed site

SW2 Kocharva village talav 0.55 NE Large, community user natural source water body near proposed site

SW3 Natural drain west of existing landfill(downstream (flow wise))

1.6 SW Drain receiving treated sewages (soak pit overflows) and sundry discharges from GIDC estate

SW4 Natural drain immediate south of existing landfill

1.2 SW Water body abutting the existing landfill boundary wall, visibly polluted from waste dumping by scrap dealers on the other side of the drain, low flow during summer season

SW5 Natural drain west of existing landfill (upstream (flow wise))

1.4 WSW Drain receiving treated sewages (soak pit overflows) and sundry discharges from GIDC estate

SW6 Irrigation canal near proposed TSDF site

0.30 SW Fluvial water body (intermittent man made flow) near proposed site, for pre-project baseline




SW7 Rata river, (tributary of Kolak river, near road bridge, VapiAmbach road

1.96 NW Nearest perennial, fluvial water body with upstream watershed characteristics, low anthropogenic and no industrial effluent load (at the point of sampling)

Water quality of the Kocharva and Karvadtalav which carried water for the whole year meets most of

the water quality parameters of IS 10500:2012 including minerals, heavy metals and specific

pollutants such as mineral oil, pesticides, etc. However, COD and BOD and presence of coliforms

makes it non-potable without treatment. The water is used for supplementary irrigation and sundry

usages such as cattle washing. Water quality in the natural drains flowing south and west of the

existing site is poor in most of the parameters. High COD and BOD, presence of pesticide – Lindane

(in two samples), heavy metals such as chromium, mercury and lead confirms industrial or

anthropogenic pollution in the streams. Water quality of the Ratariver is typical of a fluvial river not

highly polluted by anthropogenic/industrial sources. However, presence of coliforms in the river

samples makes it unsuitable for human consumption without treatment. Irrigation canal water

coursing from the west of the proposed site is similar to river water in quality as its source is water

from river Damanganga.

Figure 3.11Surface water sampling location in the Impact Are




Table 3.12 Surface Water Analysis results (Period – Summer 2015)

Parameter Location Details Limits as per IS 10500:2012

SW1 Karva

d

SW2 Kocharva

SW3 Exist site

SW4 Exist site

SW5 Exist site

SW6 Proposed site

SW7 Rata

Desirable Permissible

Colour, Hazen < 5 < 5 < 5 < 5 < 5 5 15 Odour Agreea

ble Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable < 5 < 5 Agreeable Agreeable

Taste -- -- -- -- -- Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Turbidity, NTU 24.2 12.6 48.2 1.7 276.4 -- -- 1 5 pH 7.70 6.74 7.84 7.84 7.92 2.8 6.3 6.5-8.5 No relaxation Total Hardness (as CaCO3), mg/L 76 98 540 460 520 7.12 7.89 200 600 Iron (as Fe), mg/L 0.02 0.011 0.4 0.29 0.05 86 120 0.3 No relaxation Chlorides(asCl), mg/L 33 10 65 396 62 0.04 0.01 250 1000 Residual free chlorine, mg/L ND ND ND ND ND 14.1 14.1 0.2 1 Dissolved solids, mg/L 70 20 250 790 260 ND ND 500 2000 Calcium (as Ca), mg/L 21.6 27.2 160 120 152 30 30 75 200 Magnesium (as Mg), mg/L 5.2 7.2 33.6 38.4 33.6 25.6 36 30 100 Copper (as Cu), mg/L ND ND ND ND ND 5.2 7.2 0.05 1.5 Alkalinity, mg/L 62 134 740 720 760 ND ND 200 600 Sulphate (as SO4), mg/L 150 4.0 95 60 98 108 156 200 400 Manganese (as Mn), mg/L ND ND 0.35 0.59 0.39 4.1 6.0 0.1 0.3 Nitrate (as NaNO3), mg/L 0.005 0.04 0.04 0.12 0.27 ND ND 45 No relaxation Fluoride (nil as F), mg/L 0.21 0.24 0.31 ND 0.8 ND 0.06 1 1.5 Phenolic compds (as C6H5OH), mg/L

ND ND 7.1 9.7 10.3 0.19 0.36 0.001 0.002

Mercury (as Hg), mg/L ND ND ND ND ND 0.15 ND 0.001 No relaxation Cadmium (as Cd), mg/L ND ND ND 0.01 0.01 ND ND 0.003 No relaxation Selenium (as Se), mg/L ND ND ND ND ND 0.02 0.03 0.01 No relaxation




3.2.9Ground Water Quality Sampling locations for surface water in the impact area were selected based on a reconnaissance

survey. Sampling locations with rationale of selection are given in Table 3.13. Sampling locations for

ground water in the Impact Area are shown in Figure 3.12. Sampling was carried out in the summer

season of 2015, samples were preserved onsite and transported to the laboratory at Patalganga,

Maharashtra and analysed forscoped parameters to assess its suitability for potability and other non-

potable, contact and non-contact use. Result of Ground water analysis is given in Table 3.14.

Ground water is the prime source of water for drinking and backyard irrigation in the rural habitations

in the Impact Area. Almost all the households in the nearby habitations have kitchen-level RO water

purifiers for potable usage. Boiling of water before consumption is another widely used traditional

practice in the area. Some of the households in the nearby industrial workers’ shanties in the area in

the DungriFalia and Chanod Nagar use ground water for potable use without any treatment.

Owing to good rainfall in the South Gujarat region, ground water is available at relatively lower

depths of 30-100 m throughout the year. Villages in the Impact Area have large community open

wells which are in abandoned state and are subjected to leaf littering from nearby trees. Water from

these wells is sometimes used for street sprinkling/civil construction purpose by the Panchayats.

Almost all samples are high in calcium, magnesium, hardness and alkalinity which are suspected from

lithological/geological origin, acquired during infiltration through upper layers of soil. Specific

pollutants of industrial origin such as mineral oil, phenolic compounds, heavy metals, etc. are absent

in all the samples. Specific pesticides are also absent in all the samples.




Figure 3.12 Ground water sampling location in the Impact Area

Table 3.13Ground Water Sampling Stations

Sam. Point

Location Distance from

Project Site (km)


GW1 Karvadvillageborewell 0.8

S

Nearest rural habitations in the direction to the proposed TSDF. Groundwater from unconfined aquifer is the prime source of water.

GW2 Karvadvillageopenwell

GW3 Kocharvavillageborewell 1.1

SW


GW4 Kocharvavillageopenwell

GW5 Vadiavadvillageborewell 0.53 N Nearest rural habitations in the direction to the proposed TSDF. Groundwater from unconfined aquifer is the prime source of water.

GW6 Vadiavadvillageopenwell

GW7 Dungrifaliaborewell 1.95 NW Nearest industrial settlement/semi-urban habitation dependant solely on ground water for potable/commercial usage.




Table 3.14 Ground Water Analysis results (Period – Summer 2015)

Parameter Location Details Limits as per IS 10500:2012 GW-1

Karwad GW-2

Karwad GW-3

Kocharva GW-4

Kocharva GW-5

Vaidyavad GW-6

Vaidyavad GW-7

Dungari Desirable Permissible

Colour, Hazen < 5 < 5 < 5 < 5 < 5 < 5 < 5 5 15 Odour Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Taste -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Agreeable Agreeable Turbidity, NTU 6.3 3.5 3.5 ND ND ND ND 1 5 pH 6.95 7.19 7.22 6.68 6.89 6.91 6.88 6.5-8.5 No relaxation Total Hardness (as CaCO3), mg/L

384 516 230 340 200 360 600 200 600

Iron (as Fe), mg/L 0.12 0.21 0.06 0.05 0.34 0.5 0.59 0.3 No relaxation Chlorides(asCl), mg/L 104 175 50 57 183 168 342 250 1000 Residual free chlorine, mg/L ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.2 1 Dissolved solids, mg/L 230 260 90 100 240 250 600 500 2000 Calcium (as Ca), mg/L 71.2 150.4 66.4 98.4 58.4 104 168 75 200 Magnesium (as Mg), mg/L 49.4 33.6 15.3 22.5 12.9 24 43.2 30 100 Copper (as Cu), mg/L 0.05 ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.05 1.5 Alkalinity, mg/L 130 118 142 168 106 196 29 200 600 Sulphate (as SO4), mg/L 67.9 82.6 20.6 37 55 62 224 200 400 Manganese (as Mn), mg/L ND ND ND ND 0.02 ND ND 0.1 0.3 Nitrate (as NaNO3), mg/L 0.48 0.4 0.17 ND ND ND 0.01 45 No relaxation Fluoride (nil as F), mg/L 0.51 0.48 0.23 0.51 0.54 0.6 0.66 1 1.5 Phenolic compds (as C6H5OH), mg/L

ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.001 0.002

Mercury (as Hg), mg/L ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.001 No relaxation Cadmium (as Cd), mg/L ND ND ND ND 0.02 0.03 ND 0.003 No relaxation Selenium (as Se), mg/L ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.01 No relaxation Arsenic (as As), mg/L ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.01 0.05 Cyanide (as CN), mg/L ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.05 No relaxation Lead (as Pb), mg/L 0.27 0.87 ND ND ND ND 0.51 0.01 No relaxation




Parameter Location Details Limits as per IS 10500:2012 GW-1

Karwad GW-2

Karwad GW-3

Kocharva GW-4

Kocharva GW-5

Vaidyavad GW-6

Vaidyavad GW-7

Dungari Desirable Permissible

Zinc (as Zn), mg/L ND ND 0.01 ND 0.04 0.02 0.03 5 15 Anionic detergents (as MBAS), mg/L

ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.2 1

Chromium (as Cr), mg/L 0.06 ND 0.24 ND ND ND ND 0.05 No relaxation Aluminium (as Al), mg/L ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.03 0.2 TAN, mg/L 0.56 1.12 1.12 1.68 1.96 2.24 1.96 0.5 No relaxation PAH, g/L ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.0001 No relaxation Boron (as B), mg/L 0.14 0.21 0.14 0.50 0.50 0.38 0.53 0.5 1 E. coli (/100ml) Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent No relaxation Coliforms (/100ml) Present Present Present Present Present Present Present Absent No relaxation Chlorophyll (mg/m3) Not taken ND Not taken 1.6 Not taken 0.89 Not taken -- -- Chloroform (µg/l) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.2 No relaxation Aldrin (µg/l) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.03 No relaxation DDT (µg/l) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 1.0 No relaxation Lindane (µg/l) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 2.0 No relaxation Malathion (µg/l) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 190 No relaxation Methyl parathion (µg/l) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.3 No relaxation Chloropyriphos (µg/l) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 30 No relaxation α HCH (µg/l) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.01 No relaxation β HCH (µg/l) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.04 No relaxation δ HCH (µg/l) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.04 No relaxation Mineral oil, (mg/l) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.5 No relaxation Sulphide , as S2- (mg/l) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.05 No relaxation Nickel as Ni (mg/l) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.02 No relaxation COD, (mg/l) X X X -- -- BOD, (mg/l) X X X -- -- DO, (mg/l) X X X -- --




3.2.10Soil Quality Sampling locations for soil quality with rationale of selection are given in Table 3.15. Sampling was

carried out in the summer season of 2015, samples were transported to the laboratory at Patalganga,

Maharashtra and analysed forscoped parameters to assess baseline of contaminants of industrial

origin. Result of soil analysis is given in Table 3.16.

Table 3.15 Soil Sampling Stations

Sam. Point


Site (km)


S1

Proposed site -- -- Baseline soil quality of the proposed site

S2 Agricultural field near proposed site

0.2 W Baseline soil quality near the proposed site

S3 Bottom of dry pond 0.42 NW Baseline soil quality near the proposed site

S4 Agricultural field near proposed site

0.35 SE Baseline soil quality near the proposed site

S5 Barren land near existing landfill

1.1 SW Baseline soil quality near the existing landfill site

Table 3.16 Soil Analysis results (Period – Summer 2015)

Parameters Location S1 S2 S3 S4 S5

Proposed site

Near proposed site

Near proposed site

Near proposed site

Near existing

site Physical Characteristics Moisture content(%)

7.45 8.4 5.12 7.00 6.00

Water holding capacity (%)

52.0 54.0 48 44.0 55.0

Chemical Characteristics pH 6.75 7.01 6.90 6.91 6.95 Conductivity (mS/cm)

0.129 0.150 0.139 0.162 0.140

Sulphate (mg/kg)

245 315 315 264 173.8

Chloride (mg/kg)

58 97 116 77.7 67.99

Ca(mg/kg) 80 96 80 120 152 Mg (mg/kg) 14.4 19.2 24 33.6 43.2 Fertility Status Potassium (mg/Kg)

17 11 9.0 12 16

TOC (%) 1.5 1.8 2.10 1.6 2.2




TKN (mg/Kg) 8.4 15.4 18.2 15.4 12.6 Phosphate (mg/Kg)

0.95 1.03 1.3 1.21 1.01

Na (mg/kg) 213 779 164 ND 310 Heavy metals Cd (mg/Kg) ND 5.0 6.0 3.0 17 Cr (mg/Kg) 31 14 ND 27 ND Cu (mg/Kg) 49 32 2.0 38 57 Ni (mg/Kg) 74 71 31 43 66 Pb(mg/Kg) ND ND ND ND 34 Mn(mg/Kg) 589 793 71 638 353 Zn (mg/Kg) 47 31 14 41 73 Hg (mg/Kg) ND ND ND ND ND As (mg/Kg) ND ND ND ND ND Soils displayed good surface moisture even during summer, and good moisture retention capacity

overall.High organic carbon is encountered in the pond bottom sample which is due to sedimentation

of organic material. Soil quality of the area represents uncontaminated soils with respect to industrial

contamination. In comparison with other samples, higher concentrations cadmium, copper and lead

were found in the soil sample near the existing landfill site. Heavy metal concentrations in the soils

are in soil micro nutrient range.

3.2.11Ecology and Biodiversity Biological environment was studied by undertaking detailed primary survey, substantiated by

information from secondary sources such as Forest Department and published data.

Western and northern extremes of Impact Area have significant terrestrial and aquatic, floral and

faunal diversity due to natural vegetation and rich habitat diversity. Central part of the Impact Area

with intense industrial and urban growth has limited biodiversity comprising mostly of hangrs-on

species. Biodiversity of the area near the proposed site was found influenced highly by heavy

industrialization and urbanization. River ecosystem especially downstream of Vapi weir was found in

degraded state.

Proposed site is under planted Caesurinaequisetifolia, part under wild growth of Acacia catechu and

part is open/covered by herbs, grasses. Presence of Ipomoea carnea along with Typha suggest some

part of site is low-lying where, water logging is possible during monsoon season.Garden lizard, Red

vented bulbul and cattle resting in shade of Caesurina were seen on the site. No mass nesting site or

bores for rodents/other wild mammals was observed within the site.Two agriculture fields were

observed adjacent to site with standing crop of Paddy.

Details of the biological environment of the Impact Area are given in Annex XII.




3.2.12Socio Economic Environment Socio Economic environment studies included gathering and interpretation of information about

population in study area, demographic profile, occupational profile, and literacy rate of the population

staying in study area from Census of India, 2011. The information was supplemented by a focused

questionnaire survey in the habitations in the Impact Area, mainly to identify standard of living,

income sources and health in various villages in the study area. Data from local Govt. offices was also

collected during the primary survey to derive the status of the area. Primary & secondary data were

amalgamated to delineate the baseline socio economic profile in study area. Details of various facets

of socioeconomic environment is given in Annex XIII.



Chapter 04

Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation

Measures


Chapter 04 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures


Chapter 04

Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

4.1 Details of Environmental Impacts

The proposed Integrated TSDF will provide treatment, storage and disposal service to hazardous waste in

a secured landfill and an incinerator. It is also proposed to provide effluent evaporation service to non-

hazardous, high TDS aqueous waste from member industries. Operation of such a facility may have

several short and long term environmental impacts if proper mitigation plans are not made part of

operation-phase design.

The facility will also have some environmental impacts in the construction stage which will require

observation of careful mitigation measures. Identification of environmental impacts and design of

mitigation measures as part of the project execution and operation phase is described in the following

sections.

4.1.1 Environmental Impacts due to Project Location

The proposed project is to be located about 1.4 km (aerial distance) from the presently operating landfill

as shown in Figure 1.1, Chapter 1 Introduction. Since the number of member industries and quantum of

hazardous waste for landfilling is not expected to increase significantly in the proposed landfill, no

significant additional impact is envisaged due to the proposed location of the TSDF.

The truck traffic carrying hazardous waste will be diverted to the new location which will pass through

the well laid out, two/four lane medianed, asphalt topped GIDC roads. An additional traffic of 30 trucks

carrying incinerable hazardous and about 25 tanker trucks carrying high TDS effluent for evaporation will

be added to the present traffic, an effective increase of about six trucks/hour, which is an insignificant

increase in traffic.

There will not be any liquid effluent discharge from the TSDF entering into any natural drain or into the

GIDC underdrain system. Emissions from the incinerator stack will be the only significant point source of

emissions from the proposed TSDF. Since the incinerable waste is presently being incinerated at other

Common Hazardous Waste Incinerator facility in Gujarat, the proposed facility will only rationalize and

distribute the emissions, and will not lead to a net increase on emissions on a regional scale. Identification

of Impacts due operation of the Incineration system is dealt with in Section 4.1.2 of this Chapter.




The proposed TSDF site albeit being inside the notified GIDC will be closer to agricultural fields and

human habitations in comparison to the existing landfill site. However, since there will not be any

discharge from the activities inside the TSDF site, no direct negative impact on agricultural practice is

envisaged. Emissions from the incinerator will be dispersed by a 50 m tall stack to ground concentrations

much below statutory levels as prescribed in National Ambient Air Quality Standards, CPCB, November,

2009 as detailed in Section 4.4.1 of this Chapter. Mitigation plan will be put into place to control fugitive

emissions from operation of landfill, incinerator, MEE and the power plant. Effectiveness of mitigation

measures will be continuously monitored by environmental monitoring plan as given in Chapter 6

Environmental Monitoring Programme.

4.1.2 Environmental Impacts due to Project Design and Regular Operation

Environmental Impacts due to routine operation of the proposed integrated TSDF is identified using a

modified Leopold matrix method, given in Figure 4.1. The identified environmental impacts have been

primarily classified into significant and non-significant based on following criteria:

a. duration of impact (permanent (long term) or temporary (short term))

b. nature (adverse or beneficial)

c. magnitude (major or minor)

d. scope (regional or local)

All so identified negative significant impacts have been addressed by means of putting in place an

attribute –wise impact mitigation plan, further detailed in Chapter 10 Environment Management Plan.

4.1.3 Environmental Impacts due to Possible Accidents

The proposed integrated TSDF will handle following hazardous material:

a. Landfillable hazardous waste

b. Chemicals for pre-treatment and stabilization of landfillable waste

c. Incinerable hazardous waste

d. Sludges from gas cleaning arrangement of the incinerator

e. Incineration ash

Any loss of containment of the above mentioned material into the environment including bare/unlined

ground, storm water system, automization/volatalization or coming in contact with outside human

subjects constitutes an incident. Any significant residual deleterious effect of this loss of containment due

to lack of or late application of designated mitigation measure resulting in morbidity or fatality of any




browsing domestic animal or human subject will constitute an accident. Accidents also include incidences

of fire/explosion causing injury to TSDF workers or human population outside of the site premises.

Accidents such as fires/explosion of flammable fuel material such as natural gas and due to human

contact with hot material surfaces and steam may also be possible in the proposed integrated TSDF.

Hazards from all facility/operations have been identified and assessed. Based on severity of the hazard

and frequency of occurrence, specific management plan have been laid as detailed in Annex XV Risk

Assessment and Disaster Management Plan.

4.1.4 Environmental Impacts due to Project Construction

First phase of the landfill of the integrated TSDF will take about four to five months to construct and

commission. Expansion of the landfill will commence about five or six weeks before the projected date of

fill-up and capping of the previous phase. Bulk of the construction in the landfill will comprise earth

movement for construction of the perimeter bund.

Construction of incinerator, MEE, power plant and other utilities and amenities (as mentioned in Section

2.5.1 Landfill, Chapter 2 Project Description) will have civil work comprising equipment foundation and

plinth level works (except Administration building also housing the waste inspection lab which will be

completely built civil structures). This construction will also be completed within four to five months

period. Most of the equipment of the TSDF components will be ordered in pre-fabricated form and will be

erected/assembled at the site. Significant impacts during project construction have also been identified in

the modified Leopold matrix given in Figure 4.1.

4.1.5 Environmental Impacts due to Final Decommissioning and Rehabilitation

Based on present rate of infill in the existing landfill, the proposed landfill will have a designed life of

about 10 to 11 years. However the incinerator system, MEE and power plant will have a design life of

about 40 years.

Closure and post closure of the landfill will be carried out as per guidelines issued by the CPCB in

accordance with Chapter-V Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facility for Hazardous Wastes, Hazardous

Wastes (Management, Handling and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2008. Closure of the last phase of

the landfill will have impacts similar to that of construction of the landfill, as covered in Section 4.1.4 of

this Chapter. Except for periodic monitoring of the ground water monitoring wells and maintaining

integrity of the slopes and top vegetative layer of the landfill, there will not be any sizable activity in the

post closure phase of the landfill to cause any environmental impact whatsoever. The landfill part of the




TSDF may be used for setting up PV Panels for generation of solar energy based on techno-economic

feasibility which will be carried out later.

A draft decommissioning plan of the incinerator, MEE power plant is given as Annex XIV, which shall

be finalized and appropriately followed before decommissioning of the non-landfill components of the

TSDF.

4.2 Measures for Minimising and/or Offsetting Adverse Impacts Identified

An impact mitigation plan as given in Chapter 10 Environment Management Plan has been prepared to

minimise/offset negative impacts arising from setting up and operation of the proposed integrated TSDF.

4.3 Irreversible and Irretrievable Commitments of Environmental Components

Some of the impacts likely to arise from setting up, operation and decommissioning of the proposed

integrated TSDF arising will be irreversible. These impacts are discussed in detail in the impact

identification matric given in Figure 4.1. Special attention is given to irreversible negative impacts as

they cannot be reversed and may cause irrevocable damage if not attended properly and in time.




Figure 4.1Modified Leopold Matrix




Impact grading Criteria a. duration of impact (permanent (long term) or temporary (short term)

L, S b. nature (adverse or beneficial) A, B c. magnitude (major or minor) M, N d. scope (regional or local) R, O




4.4 Assessment of Significance of Impacts

A modified Leopold matrix method has been followed to assess impacts likely to arise from various

activities of the proposed integrated TSDF in its lifetime on various environmental attributes. The

significance of the impact warranting a specific impact mitigation action is also systematically discussed.

Impact of 40 activities of the proposed integrated TSDF (distributed into Construction, Operation and

Decommissioning phase) have been identified and graded on 23 identified relevant environmental

attributes given in section 4.1.2 (namely, duration of impact, nature, magnitude and scope). The impacts

have been first divided into adverse and beneficial, then their severity has been ranked based on attributes,

e.g. any impact which is long term, major and regional is ranked high; impact which is short term, major

and regional is medium, and impact which is short term, minor and local is ranked low.

Project activities which register beneficial impacts on most number of environmental attributes are

Greenbelt plantation (Construction phase), Final capping of landfill and Decommissioning of

Incineration, MEE and power plant (Decommissioning phase), Creation of storm water drain, Creation of

peripheral road (Construction phase), and Maintenance/intensification of greenbelt (Operation phase).

Project activities which register adverse impacts on most number of environmental attributes are Soil

deposition for earthen gravity bund construction/RE wall construction (Construction phase), Excavation

for landfill foundation, Incinerator - gas treatment (Operation phase), and Leachate extraction and

transportation to CETP (Operation phase).

Environmental attributes which register maximum negative impacts dye to various activities proposed in

the project activities are Air quality, Noise, Occupational health and Aesthetics. Environmental attributes

which register maximum beneficial impacts dye to various activities proposed in the project activities are

Economic benefit, Reuse/after use potential, Vegetation and Surface Drainage.

Soil deposition for earthen gravity bund construction/RE wall construction (Construction phase) is a

major activity both by volume of work and duration of activity wise, which may have major adverse

environmental impacts (classified under Regional impact) over several environmental attributes on a site

not under direct control and administration of the project proponent. Design and implementation a

mitigation measure targeted towards vendor/supplier of the activity is essential to effectively practice the

mitigation measure proposed for this activity.




Similarly operation of the Incinerator, MEE and power has major adverse environmental impacts on Air

quality, Noise and Occupational health.

Incremental/additional impact on air quality of the area due to introduction of a permanent point source of

emission have been estimated based on mathematical modelling for dispersal of pollutants in the

atmosphere carried out on a Gaussian Plume Model. Details of the modelling are given in Section 4.4.1.

4.4.1 Mathematical Modelling for Incinerator stack gas dispersal

Details of stack parameters assumed as modelling input are given in Table 4.1.

Table 4.1 Stack parameters for modelling input

Permissible limits for Common Hazardous Waste Incinerator have been assumed as notified by the Govt.

of India, No. GSR 481(E), dated 26th June, 2008 (Environment (Protection) Fifth Amendment Rules,

2008, Schedule I, entry no. 100). Hourly micro meteorological data of Vapi collected in the Summer

month of March to May, 2014 have been used in the model. Data on atmospheric inversion has been

taken from the Atlas of Hourly Mixing Height and Assimilative Capacity of Atmosphere in India, SD

Attri, Siddharth Singh, B Mukhopadhyay and AK Bhatnagar, Environment Monitoring and Reserch

Centre, IMD, 2008.

The model results showing ten highest ground concentration values of pollutants are given in the Table

4.2.

Table 4.2 Highest ground concentration values of Pollutants

Highest Values

X Coordinate

Y Coordinate SO2 NOx PM HCL CO

(m) (m) Concentration in µg/m3 1st -492.4 86.82 2.81 5.63 0.73 0.05 0.73 2nd -500 0 2.76 5.52 0.71 0.04 0.71 3rd -469.85 171.01 2.52 5.05 0.65 0.04 0.65 4th -1000 0 2.46 4.91 0.63 0.04 0.63 5th -433.01 250 2.41 4.83 0.62 0.04 0.62 6th -984.81 173.65 2.38 4.76 0.61 0.04 0.61 7th -866.03 500 2.31 4.62 0.60 0.04 0.60 8th -492.4 -86.82 2.12 4.24 0.55 0.03 0.55

Stack height

(m)

Stack diamete

r (m)

Stack temperature (deg K)

Stack gas

velocity (m/sec)

SO2

conc

entra

tion

(gm

/sec

) N

Ox

conc

entra

tion

(gm

/sec

) PM

co

ncen

tratio

n (g

m/s

ec)

HC

l co

ncen

tratio

n (g

m/s

ec)

HF

co

ncen

tratio

n (g

m/s

ec)

CO

co

ncen

tratio

n (g

m/s

ec)

100 1.4 373 15 6.2 12.4 1.6 1.6 0.1 1.6




9th -939.69 342.02 2.11 4.22 0.54 0.03 0.54 10th -383.02 321.39 2.10 4.19 0.54 0.03 0.54

Based on the modelling results, isopleths for SO2, NOx and PM were drawn and were superimposed on

satellite image from Google Earth as given in Figure 4.2, Figure 4.3 and Figure 4.4.

Figure 4.2 Isopleths for SO2




Figure 4.3 Isopleths for NOx

Figure 4.4 Isopleths for PM




Based on the modelling results, the highest incremental increase in concentration of SO2 occurs at

coordinates in the WNW direction at a distance of 492 m and the incremental increase is 2.8 µg/m3.

Similarly the highest incremental increase in concentration of NOx occurs at coordinates in the WNW

direction at a distance of 492 m and the incremental increase is 5.63 µg/m3. The highest incremental

increase in concentration of PM occurs at coordinates in the WNW direction at a distance of 492 m and

the incremental increase is 0.73 µg/m3. The impacts are directed towards the GIDC and away from

habitations in the E and SE direction.

4.5 Mitigation Measures

All adverse impacts as identified in the modified Leopold matrix method given in Figure 4.1have been

provided specific and commensurate mitigation measures to ameliorate their impacts on the

environmental attributes. The mitigative measures are classified into four classes, as follows:

a. Mitigation measure as part of project design

b. Mitigation measure as part of responsible construction

c. Mitigation measure as part of environmental compliant operation

d. Mitigation measure as part of additional/associated environmental safeguards

e. Mitigation measure as part of socially conscious business practice

Mitigation measures corresponding to the adverse impacts from activities in the proposed integrated

TSDF are discussed in detail in Chapter 10 Environment Management Plan.



Chapter 05

Analysis of Alternatives


Chapter 05 Analysis of Alternatives


Chapter 05

Analysis of Alternatives

5.1 Site Selection for the Integrated TSDF

CPCB’s “Guideline for conducting EIA and Site Selection for Common Hazardous Waste Management

Facility, New Delhi, 2003“ has been referred to for arriving at the most suitable site for the integrated

TSDF. The present site has been selected after thorough examination of three alternate sites of relative

size, depending on the availability of un-utilized land in the vicinity of the Vapi GIDC. Attributes of the

alternative sites are given in Table 5.1. Figure 5.1 shows the relative location of the three identified sites

with respect to the present landfill site. Figure 5.2 and Figure 5.3 show closer view of the identified site

A and B. Closer view of site C is shown in Figure 1.1 and Figure 1.2 of Chapter 1 Introduction.

Table 5.1 Site Alternatives for Integrated TSDF Site

Sr. Site Code Site Name Distance, Direction from present landfill site 1. A Near Roffel College 6.3 km, West - North west 2. B Near Daman Ganga

Industrial Park 1 km, South east

3. C Near Karvad village 1.4 km, North east

A quantitative comparative study of the identified sites was carried out based on the Rejection or Knock-

out Criteria prescribed for site-identification of TSDF sites by CPCB. The comparison of attributes of the

alternative sites is given in Table 5.2. Site A is summarily unsuitable due to its proximity to the

Damanganga river, Rofell college and a Daman and Vapi towns. Site B though meeting few attributes of

a landfill site is unsuitable due to its proximity with Azad Nagar, a habitation cluster south west of it. It

also falls in the overflow path of the Karvad talav, thus experiences flooding for few days in the monsoon

days. Additionally the site has been used for sun-drying of recycled paper sheets used for packing by

hand made paper since a long time, and also for dumping of waste since a long time.




Figure 5.1 Relative Locations of the three Alternate Sites

Figure 5.2 Closer view of Alternate Site A




Figure 5.3 Closer view of Alternate Site B

Site C qualifies on all Knock-out Criteria prescribed by GPCB hence has been chosen for EIA study for

development of an integrated TSDF site.

Table 5.2 Knock-out Criteria for Site Alternatives for integrated TSDF

Identification location of Site Village/City Sr. No.

Criteria Answer (Y/N) Site A Site B Site C

1. Existing or planned drinking water protection and catchment areas Y N N

2. High flood prone areas Y N N 3. Areas with unstable ground Y N N 4. Closer than 200 meters to populated areas Y Y N 5. Closer than 200 meters to river boundaries Y N N 6. Close to National Parks, Monuments, and

Forests with large no. of flora and fauna, historical, religious and other important cultural places.

Y N N

7. Existing use of site (Agricultural/Forest/Old dump site) N Y N

Remarks: Not Suitable Not Suitable Suitable Site is suitable for detailed EIA study (Y/N) N N Y




5.2 Alternative Technology for Construction of Landfill

The landfill has been designed as an above grade landfill with 30 m base width earth gravity embankment

wall. The wall is proposed to have a six meter top width and a height of 15 m. Schematic of the

embankment wall is given in Figure 5.4.

Figure 5.4 Typical embankment wall of the proposed landfill

However, there is an alternate and superior technology for construction of the embankment wall called

Paramesh Wall (Cable stayed, filled Gabion Structure) which has found application in several water

retaining, embankment and slope stabilization structures in the country. Paramesh wall has also been used

as a technology of choice in secured landfills in western countries, notably UK and Germany. The

advantages of a paramesh wall is vertical construction which minimises the base width (18 m vs. 30 m of

earthen gravity structure) of the landfill and increases the storage area inside the landfill simultaneously

imparting better structural flexibility and strength to the embankment structure. Schematic design of the

alternate proposed paramesh wall is given in Figure 5.5.




Figure 5.5 Paramesh Wall for Landfill embankment

5.3 Alternative Technology for Incineration, MEE and Power generation

Incineration of high calorific hazardous waste is proposed to be carried out in a moving bed incinerator

consisting of a drying zone, a solid phase combustion zone maintained at approx. 850 0C, and a final post

combustion chamber designed for a flue gas temperature of about 1100 0C and 2 second residence time.

This incineration scheme and technology is in conformance with common hazardous waste incinerators

prescribed by CPCB as in Notification No. GSR 481(E), dated 26th June, 2008 (Environment (Protection)

Fifth Amendment Rules, 2008, Schedule I, entry no. 100).

Multiple Effect Evaporator and power generation system including pollution control scheme attached

thereon will be of prevailing conventional technology.

Thus no technically unproven technology is proposed for construction or operation of the Incinerator,

MEE and power generation system.



Chapter 06

Environmental Monitoring Programme


Chapter 06 Environmental Monitoring Programme


Chapter 06

Environmental Monitoring Programme

6.1. Technical Aspects of Monitoring1

Monitoring of the TSDF in operational phase is spread over monitoring of the following components:

a) Hazardous waste Incinerator - Ambient air quality, Stack gas (details given in Table 6.1)

b) Secured Landfill – Vent gases of the capped landfill, Ground water, Surface water, Soil,

Biological indicators (Details given in Table 6.2)

6.2. Emergency Procedure, Detailed Budget and Procurement Schedule

Procurement of environmental monitoring services will be done on an annual basis from laboratory(ies)

recognised under Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986, or a NABL accredited laboratory(ies).

Procurement cycle of environmental services will start from the third week of May each year, and will

end with monitoring of AAQ (VOC and PAH), and other parameters synchronised with the sampling

event. It is necessary that laboratory selection procedure is completed and purchase formality is

completed by end of April every year.

Laboratory(ies) offering itemised rates of parameters lesser than the in-vogue Notified Schedule of Fee

for Sampling and Analysis published by CPCB will not be qualified for the sampling and analysis

assignment. Supervision of all samplings without any tolerance or exception will be carried out by the

Head of Analytical Function (or his documented representative).

A provisional budget of Rs. 75 Lacs will be made for the sampling and analysis of environmental

parameters the TSDF in the first year of operation ending financial year. Firm budget based on zero-base

budgeting principle will be made from the second year of operation. M/s VWEMCL will exercise no

constraint on budget of mandatory/recommended environmental monitoring of the integrated TSDF.

Head Operations of the integrated TSDF will be empowered to take independent decision on additional

monitoring of environmental parameters from the contracted laboratory or any other laboratory available

(but not less than GPCB Schedule II Auditor’s laboratory) in case of any kind of emergency or mis-

operation of the incinerator, MEE and Power generation system. 1 Protocol for Performance Evaluation and Monitoring of the Common Hazardous Waste Treatment Storage and Disposal Facilities including Common Hazardous Waste Incinerators ( Hazardous Waste Management Series: HAZWAMS/…/2010-2011, Annexure - V Monitoring Protocol for the Common TSDF Operators and HW Incinerators


Chapter 06 Environmental Monitoring Programme


Table 6.1 Environmental Monitoring of Incinerator

Sr. Parameter Location Frequency 1 Ambient air quality –

PM10, PM2.5, NOx and SOx Three ambient air quality monitoring stations, two upwind, one downwind 1200 angle around the TSDF. Location of the air monitoring stations based on the outcome of the mathematical dispersal modelling of the stack as given in Section xx, Chapter 4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures is given in Figure 6.1.

Minimum of 104 measurements in a year taken twice a week, 24 hourly

2 Ambient air quality - Total Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH)

Same sampling locations as above Twice in an year (pre-monsoon and post-monsoon, say in the second week of January and third week of May

3 SO2, NOx, HCl, CO In the stack monitoring port Continuously using on-line monitoring system

4 Particulate matter, HCL, SO2, CO, TOC, HF, NOx, total dioxins and furans, Cd, Th and their compounds, Hg and its compound, Sb, As, Pb, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, V and their compounds2

In the stack monitoring port

Quarterly, spaced out by three months, out of which two sampling occasions to be concurrent with AAQ (VOC and PAH) as given in Sr. 2 above

Table 6.2 Environmental Monitoring of Landfill

Sr. Parameter Location Frequency 1 Vent gas - VOCs and H2S All landfill cap vents

once in a month

2 Ground Water - pH, Colour, EC, Turbidity (NTU), SS, TDS, TOC, COD, heavy

Four monitoring wells3 Once in the second week of every month

2 Environment (Protection) Fifth Amendment Rules, 2008 dated 26 June 2008 (Annex XVI) 3 The ground water flow direction has to be ascertained periodically and reported at least once in three years so as to know any changes in the ground water flow directions due to any changes in the local conditions such as draw down of ground water.


metals (Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Cr, Hg, Ni), Fe, CN, F, As and Mn, Cl, NO3, SO4, TKN, Total Alkalinity, Total hardness and Total Pesticides

3 Surface waters - pH, Colour, EC, Turbidity (NTU), SS, TDS, TOC, DO, BOD, COD, heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Cr, Hg, Ni), Fe, CN, F, As and Mn, Cl, NO3, SO4, TKN, Total Alkalinity, Total hardness.

Karvad talav, Kocharva talav Second week of every quarter, out of which two sampling occasions to be concurrent with AAQ (VOC and PAH) as given in Sr. 2 above

4 Surface waters - benthal deposit of the surface water body

Karvad talav, Kocharva talav Same as above

5 Soil - pH, EC, Colour, TDS, TOC, TSS, PAH, heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Cr, Hg, Ni), CN, F, As and Mn

Composite soil sample to be collected upto a depth of 1 m beneath the soil surface for every grid size of 250 X 250 m up to a radius of 500 m from the centre of the TSDF, as shown in Figure 6.2.

Once in an year, to be concurrent with the pre-monsoon sampling of AAQ (VOC and PAH) as given in Sr. 2 above to

6 Biological indicator Plantations of locally available sensitive plants as given in Annex XVII based on Guidelines for Developing Greenbelts, (PROBES/75/1999-2000), CPCB, March 2000 to be planted as given in Figure 6.3.

To be concurrent with AAQ (VOC and PAH) as given in Sr. 2 above


Figure 6.1 Location of the ambient air monitoring stations in operation phase of the TSDF


Figure 6.2 Soil sampling location in operation phase of the TSDF


Figure 6.3 Location of plantation of indicator species in operation phase of TSDF



Chapter 07

Additional Studies


Chapter 07 Additional Studies


Chapter 07

Additional Studies

7.1 Public Consultation

The proposed area is within the notified industrial estate of Gujarat Industrial Development Corporation.

Exception to public consultation for projects located within a notified industrial estate is part of the EIA

Notification, 2006 (amended) under section 7, 7(i), III, (i), (b). The same is also referred in Section 1.4

Scope of Study, Chapter 1 Introduction.

Exemption from public consultation under EIA Notification, 2006 (amended) for industrial estates which

were notified before 14th September, 2006 (date of Notification of the present EIA Notification) has been

further clarified by an Office Memorandum of the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change

dated 10th December, 2014, given as Annex XVIII. In view of the above public consultation including

public hearing is not applicable to the project.

7.2 Risk Assessment

The proposed integrated TSDF poses process related risks from the following operations:

(a) Storage and handling of flammable material (solvent based organic material) stored in 200 l MS

drums in the proposed Hazardous Waste shed – flammability/CVCE hazards, possibility of

knock-on effects

(b) Handling of natural gas (auxiliary fuel for incinerator) from the PRS skid – jet fire, UVCE

Worst case and credible scenarios for loss of containment, dispersal of flammable material and its

meeting a source of ignition under conservative atmospheric stability conditions (D and F under Pasquill

– Gifford Stability classification) have been identified. Consequence analysis for consequences has been

carried out by USEPA Model ALOHA 5.4.5 (version release July, 2015) and footprints have been

overlaid on the layout of the proposed integrated TSDF.

No significant off-site consequences have been projected by the consequence analysis model. All the

consequences footprints for fatality/grave injury to personnel are within the site boundary. Ourance

frequency of the consequences based on international failure frequency databases are low, making the

overall risk ranking of the facility low/ within acceptable levels.

An on-site Disaster Management Plan has been formulated for the proposed facility. Details of the Risk

Assessment and DMP are given in Annex XV.


Chapter 07 Additional Studies


7.3 Social Impact Assessment, R&R Action Plan

Proposed integrated TSDF is within notified industrial estate of GIDC. Land for the GIDC was acquired

about thirty years ago after following due procedure of land acquisition involving payment of fair

compensation to the land losers. Since firm possession of the land was not completed (by means of

erection of boundary wall and making the area out-of-bound for the local inhabitants) at the time of

acquisition, some of the land owners continued farming practices over the acquired piece of land. These

erstwhile land owners have been asked to vacate the land and the same is under process.

Since there is no relocation of village habitation and no new land acquisition is involved, no specific SIA

or Resettlement and Rehabilitation Plan has been scoped for EIA of the project. Details of the socio-

economic study based on primary and secondary survey is given in Annex XIII, as referred in section

3.2.12 Socio Economic Environment, Chapter 3 Description of Environment.



Chapter 08

Project Benefits


Chapter 08 Project Benefits


Chapter 08

Project Benefits

8.1 Improvement in Physical Infrastructure

Proposed integrated TSDF will be a significant boost in the hazardous waste management infrastructure

in the South Gujarat region.

The landfill component of the TSDF is being proposed as a service-extension of the present landfill of

M/s VWEMCL which will be filled up and capped within few months. The landfill extends critical

hazardous waste treatment and disposal to 500 odd member industries of various sizes in Vapi GIDC and

nearby industrial estates.



of Vapi GIDC. The voluminous and toxic incinerable hazardous waste1 from south Gujarat is presently





A modern, flow integrated and energy optimised incinerator will offer better economics of scale in

treatment of the incinerable waste streams, will be better/robust than the aged incinerators operated by the

individual industries, and will be better monitored for regulatory compliances. The above might

encourage closure of individual/stand-alone incinerators of the industries in Vapi GIDC and adjoining

industrial estates and diversion of incinerable waste to the proposed incinerator. Since M/s VWEMCL is a

non-profit society of members, member industries will be assured of cost competitiveness of the

alternative. The TSDF will also provide disposal of non-hazardous plastic waste stream from paper

industries and will cause clean-up and freeing of several acres of land under the waste dumps in/around

Vapi area. This will lead to benefits on account of land reclamation for productive use, better aesthetics

and lessening of fire hazards due to clearing of the plastic waste dumps.

1 Estimated at 1,01,469 MT/annum incinerable waste generated in the Valsad Distt. in 20081, which has registered growth since the baseline inventorization year. National Inventory Data of Hazardous Waste generating industries & Hazardous Waste Management in India, February, 2009. CPCB Hazardous Waste Management Division, New Delhi.


Chapter 08 Project Benefits


8.2 Improvement in Social Infrastructure

Scientific, judicious and environmentally compliant management of hazardous waste is a service which is

critical for the health and wellbeing of society, especially people living within the impact area of the

project.

Since the proposed integrated TSDF site is inside notified GIDC, there will not be any access or

restriction of easement of the nearby villages. Being an industry specific service activity, the integrated

TSDF will not add any significant social infrastructure in the region. However, M/s VWEMCL, and VIA,

the parent organization of M/s VWEMCL carry out several region-specific and socially conscious

activities under their Corporate Social Responsibility. Details of the CSR programme carried out by VIA

are given Annex XIX.

8.3 Employment Potential – Skilled, Semi Skilled and Unskilled


operation of the TSDF. The project will give continued employment to the workers who will be rendered

jobless after closure of the existing landfill.



Chapter 09

Environmental Cost Benefit Analysis


Chapter 09 Environmental Cost Benefit Analysis


Chapter 09

Environmental Cost Benefit Analysis

9.1 Construct of the Project Cost Benefit Analysis

A cost benefit analysis was carried out to assess whether the monetary and intangible costs of the

proposed project are outweighed by the benefits arising out of the project. Project cost estimated to be

incurred in the construction phase and one year’s operational expense of the project were computed as

given in Table 9.1. Cost of EMP (pollution control hardware as integral part of the system, as well as

operational expenses of implementation of the EMP measures) was in built into the cost of the project.

Intangible costs such as costs due to delay, incidences and cost accounting for any mid-project design

change/retrofitting are also included in the project cost.

Benefits of the project include revenues generated from landfilling, incineration, MEE treatment of liquid

effluent and generation of commercial power. Costs which could have incurred due to transportation,

treatment and disposal of the hazardous waste in absence of the proposed integrated TSDF have also been

included in the project benefits.

Revenue estimated to be realised from landfilling alone is greater than the cost of setting up and first

year’s operational costs of the integrated TSDF. The revenue realisation from the second year of

operation will recover the cost of the project completely.


Chapter 09 Environmental Cost Benefit Analysis


Table 9.1Cost Benefit Analysis of the Project



Chapter 10

Environmental Management Plan


Chapter 10 Environmental Management Plan


Chapter 10

Environmental Management Plan

10.1 Administrative Control of EMP Implementation

Adverse and beneficial impacts of the project on the environment have been identified based on a detailed

modified Leopold matrix method as given in Figure 4.1, Chapter 4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts

and Mitigation Measures. An EMP to address all the adverse impacts and ensure continuity

of/optimization of the beneficial impacts of the project is presented in this chapter.

The proposed EMP provides specific actions to be undertaken at all stages of the project implementation

and identifies the administrative mechanism for implementation of mitigation measures. A layer of

management supervision and control is proposed to ensure that the EMP measures are implemented in the

effective manner. Based on the project intent and identified impacts, following four classes of EMP

measures are identified. Responsibility of implementation and supervision of the EMP measures is also

identified with physical parameters based on which the EMP implementation will be evaluated and mid-

course corrections will be introduced.

a. EMP measure as part of project design

b. EMP measure as part of responsible construction

c. EMP measure as part of environmental compliant operation

d. EMP measure as part of additional/associated environmental safeguards

The above measures are further detailed in the Table 5.1.

Separate Environmental Management Cells as proposed during construction and operation phase to

implement and monitor the effectiveness of the proposed EMP during construction and operation phase,

respectively are shown in Figure 10.1 and Figure 10.2.




Table 5.1 Environmental Management Plan Sr Component of

the Project Activity Stage of

Project Impact Proposed Management Plan Measures Category/

Type of EMP

Monitoring by* Supervised By*

Cue on Corrective Action EMP administration

timeline

Documenta-tion of EMP adherence

C o n s t r u c t i o n P h a s e 1 Overall TSDF site

Site

poss

essio

n, ve

getat

ion cl

earin

g, sit

e gra

ding,

creati

on of

inne

r and

outer

perip

hera

l stor

m wa

ter dr

ain,

perip

hera

l road

s

Initia

l con

struc

tion Site hydrology

(surface drainage), loss of native ground vegetation, noise and traffic due to movement of construction material

1. Site to be graded and provided with storm water drains to maintain overall catchment and maintain the natural flow direction of the storm water

2. Top soil to be stripped up to 300 mm and stored in the area designated for on-site nursery for use for soft landscaping and landfill slope vegetation during closure phase

3. Ground vegetation to be mulched with the top soil

4. All construction material traffic to follow the GIDC roads; no traffic to follow the east/north/south side village roads, especially during day time

EMP

as pa

rt of

resp

onsib

le co

nstru

ction

EHS Executive, Project Manager

1. Overall construction noise and dusting during to be visually observed

2. Intensive sprinkling for dust suppression to be carried out in case dusting is observed outside of the site premises

3. Noise monitoring to be carried out during construction phase. Corrective actions to be taken if the day time noise at the site boundary exceeds 85 dB in the windward direction.

4. Corrective action to be immediately taken by good civil engineering practices if any soil erosion is observed at site during monsoon

1. EMP to be followed until one weeks after activity is over

2. Observation on efficacy of peripheral storm water drains during first monsoon for taking necessary design correction in site grading and storm water drainage

On-site documentati-on of Noise and SPM using Noise Meter and Dust Collector, to be sent for review by the CEO every week

2 Overall TSDF site

Crea

tion o

f on-

site n

urse

ry

Initia

l con

struc

tion Landuse of the

site, micro climate, vegetation, dust suppression, soil conditioning

1. Plantation of local species in consultation with the local Forest Department, and as per CPCB Guidelines for Developing Greenbelts, (PROBES/75/1999-2000), CPCB, March 2000

2. Ground vegetation/grass to be given away for free to the local villagers on a bi-monthly basis

EM

P as

part

of pr

oject

desig

n EHS Executive, Project Manager, HR-PR-Liaison Manager

1. Starting of site development immediately after side grading

2. Plantations to be carried out by visitors during site visits

1. Continuously till end of construction phase and handed over to operations phase

On-site documentati-o on of growth statistics of the trees and shrubs (number of sapling survival, girth growth, etc.) to be reviewed by the CEO and Board of Directors on a monthly frequency




3 Landfill

Exca

vatio

n for

land

fill fo

unda

tion,

civil

cons

tructi

on of

land

fill ba

se, in

stalla

tion

of inn

er im

pervi

ous l

ayer

Land

fill co

nstru

ction

Air quality, noise, community health

1. Excavation to be carried out under continuous sprinkling of water

2. Water to be sprinklered over the soil dump created from foundation excavation, on a regular/daily basis so that wind-blown particulates are minimised; geotextile covering of the soil dump may also be considered if feasible

3. Excavators and tippers to be maintained in good conditions, with good engines and clean exhausts, and noise silencing

4. Excavation not to be carried out between 10 PM to 05 AM. EM

P as

part

of ad

dition

al/as

socia

ted

envir

onme

ntal s

afegu

ards

EHS Executive, Project Manager, HR-PR-Liaison Manager

1. Overall construction noise and dusting during to be visually observed

2. Intensive sprinkling for dust suppression to be carried out in case dusting is observed outside of the site premises


4 Landfill

Soil d

epos

ition f

or ea

rthen

grav

ity bu

nd

cons

tructi

on

Land

fill co

nstru

ction

Significant offsite impact on ground water, native vegetation at the soil borrow site, air quality, surface water quality, noise, traffic, community health


2. Water to be sprinklered over the temporary soil dumps

3. No loose soil to be placed in the prominent water course, or at a location where soil could be cut and be transported to a local drain blocking it during monsoon

4. Cut faces of the soil mound to be graduated into gentle slope and planted with grass to stabilise before onset of monsoon

5. Good quality excavator/s and tippers to be used for excavation, as no green belt/physical separation will be available to arrest dust

EMP

as pa

rt of

resp

onsib

le co

nstru

ction

Project Construction HR-PR-Liaison Manager

1. Since the site of borrow soil will be an offsite location, not in direct control of the proponent, additional attention will need to be kept by the Project Manager and Senior Management to sensitise the earth supplier and make sure that off-site EMP measures are implemented.

2. Inspection of the borrow earth excavation site to be monitored immediately before the onset of monsoon and necessary civil corrective measures to be taken to prevent soil erosion from the site.

1. Continuously till end of construction phase and handed over to operations phase

2. One week before the onset of monsoon

Status of the borrow earth site to be reviewed by the CEO and Board of Directors on a monthly frequency




5 Incinerator, MEE, TG and other utilities

On-si

te fab

ricati

on, p

aintin

g and

erec

tion o

f har

dwar

e

Incine

rator

, MEE

and P

ower

Plan

t Occupational health, noise, traffic

1. All sandblasting to be carried out inside a fabric enclosure, with PPEs

2. Paintings to be carried out without spillage of paint/thinners on the ground

3. Paints and other surface preparation material/insulation material to be stored on a PCC flooring/inside a covered godown in the equipment lay down area

4. Construction at heights to be carried out under PPE protection

5. All portable DGs, air compressors to be inside acoustic enclosure; all rotating equipment to be acoustically treated

6. All heavy equipment bearing traffic to take only GIDC roads; village roads/culverts may not have adequate bearing capacity

7. No asbestos bearing insulation or insulation mats to be used

8. The site to be thoroughly cleaned of construction debris and brought to housekeeping standards of VWEMCL. All spilled/contaminated material to be deposited by contractor for onward disposal by VWEMCL in the existing landfill, or as suitable and to comply with the GPCB CtE conditions.

EMP

as pa

rt of

resp

onsib

le co

nstru

ction

Project Construction Manager, EHS Executive

1. Air and noise EMP measures for the landfill construction to be extended to the equipment fabrication and erection phase


3. A safe and environmentally-less -impacting construction plan to be demanded/agreed upon with all the construction/erection contractors/agencies. Their adherence to monitored. NC to be corrected at ‘loss of work’ basis. NC closures to be documented with photo-documentation.

1. Continuously till end of construction/equipment erection and commissioning phase

2. Until VWEMCL’s demobilization permission is obtained after restoring site to acceptable condition

On-site documentati-o on air and noise quality to be maintained and reviewed with the CEO on a monthly frequency. On-site documentati-on in pre-decided formats to be maintained as in the Safety and Environment Plan submitted by the contractors, especially the NC closure reports




6 Overall TSDF site

Civil

cons

tructi

on of

build

ings (

found

ation

exca

vatio

n, co

ncre

ting o

f lattic

e an

d roo

fs, br

ick m

ason

ry wo

rk, pl

aster

ing, in

terna

l wirin

g, plu

mbing

and

finish

ing)

Build

ing in

frastr

uctur

e con

struc

tion f

or th

e TSD

F – (

other

than

land

fill) Air quality, noise,

traffic, community health

1. All construction material traffic to follow the GIDC roads; no traffic to follow the east/north/south side village roads, especially during day time


3. Water to be sprinklered over the soil/construction material (such as sand, aggregate) on a regular/daily basis so that wind-blown particulates are minimised; geotextile covering of the soil dump may also be considered if feasible

4. Dust generating activities such as sieving, handling of loose/powdery construction material not to be carried out during windy periods

5. Mixer machines to be maintained in good conditions, with good engines and clean exhausts, and noise silencing

6. Major civil construction (such as concrete mixing and pouring) not to be carried out between 10 PM to 05 AM.

7. Recycling of construction material to be practiced. A general recycling practice guideline is given in Annex XX.

EMP

as pa

rt of

resp

onsib

le co

nstru

ction

Project Construction Manager, EHS Executive

1. Air and noise EMP measures for the landfill construction to be extended to the building construction phase

1. Continuously till end of building construction phase

On-site documentati-on to be generated only in case of major environmental incidences, reviewed by the CEO on a monthly frequency

O p e r a t i o n P h a s e 7 Overall TSDF site

Maint

enan

ce of

Gre

enbe

lt

Oper

ation

, till p

ost c

losur

e and

perp

etuity

Landuse, surface drainage, ground water, biodiversity, soil quality, microclimate, aesthetics, air quality, ground water quality, noise

1. Horticulture function to be contracted. Horticulture to be maintained by a trained horticulturist

2. An on-site nursery to be developed 3. All biodegradable waste to be composted

on-site and used as manure 4. Artificial nests, holes and artefacts to be

installed to increase habitat diversity of the vegetation and soft landscape

5. Vegetation leaves to be washed with recycled water once every two months

EMP

as pa

rt of

resp

onsib

le co

nstru

ction

, en

viron

menta

l com

plian

t ope

ratio

n, ad

dition

al/as

socia

ted en

viron

menta

l safe

guar

ds an

d so

cially

cons

cious

busin

ess p

racti

ce Project Site Operation

Head, Manager EHS, Horticulture Agency

1. Pollution status of the TSDF site to be urgently and immediately monitored and reviewed when any sign of leaf senescence and necrosis is observed in the sensitive observation plants as given in Annex XVII based on Guidelines for Developing Greenbelts, (PROBES/75/1999-2000), CPCB, March 2000 to be planted as given in Chapter 6 Environment Monitoring Programme, Figure 6.3.

2. Pollution status of the TSDF site to be urgently and immediately monitored and reviewed when any sign of leaf senescence and necrosis is observed in the greenbelt trees/shrubs

1. Continuously till facility operation till post closure and perpetuity

MIS including vegetation growth and health (such as survival rate, epical growth, girth, etc. as suggested by the hortiuturist) to be reviewed by the CEO and Board of Directors on a bi-monthly frequency




8 Overall TSDF site

Dust

supp

ress

ion

on ro

ads/u

npav

ed

surfa

ces

Oper

ation

, till p

ost

closu

re Air quality 1. Dust suppression on any exposed soil

surface (including daily soil covers) using water bowsers carrying treated wastewater

EMP

as pa

rt of

proje

ct de

sign Landfill/Civil

Construction Manager, Project Site Operation Head, Manager EHS

1. Air pollution status of the TSDF site to be reviewed if the AAQ results (as proposed in Chapter 6 Environment Monitoring Programme, Table 6.1, Sr. 1.) are non-compliant for more than 48 hours


MIS including AAQ of the site to be reviewed by the CEO on a monthly frequency

9 Landfill

Plac

emen

t of w

aste,

daily

soil c

over

ing,

leach

ate m

anag

emen

t

Land

fill op

erati

on, ti

ll pos

t clos

ure Air quality,

occupational health

1. EMP will be part of the SOP of operation. No additional/special purpose EMP proposed

EMP

as pa

rt of

proje

ct de

sign Landfill/Civil

Construction Manager 1. Invasive tests to be carried out if ground

water parameters as given in Chapter 6 Environment Monitoring Programme, Table 6.2, Sr. 2. (any five critical/relevant parameters decided by the Manager EHS) start rising at a rate of 5% per month from the rolling baseline for two consecutive months

2. Immediate corrective action to be taken in case of any accidental spillage of leachate on the way to the CETP site


MIS including ground Water Observation Wells data of the site to be reviewed by the CEO on a monthly frequency, and the Board of Directors on a six-monthly basis

10 Landfill

Mons

oon C

over

ing

Land

fill op

erati

on Surface water 1. EMP will be part of the SOP of operation.

No additional/special purpose EMP proposed

EMP

as pa

rt of

envir

onme

ntally

comp

liant

oper

ation

Project Site Operation Head, Landfill/Civil Construction Manager

1. Covering to be inspected completely on a daily basis and corrective coverage actions to be immediately taken as soon as visual signs of un-coverings are observed

1. Continuously till facility operation

Integrity of the monsoon cover to be personally inspected and documented by the CEO every two weeks

11 Overall TSDF site

Stor

age/h

andli

ng of

was

te in

the w

areh

ouse

Haz..

Was

te W

areh

ouse

op

erati

on Occupational

health 1. EMP will be part of the SOP of operation.

No additional/special purpose EMP proposed

EMP

as pa

rt of

envir

onme

ntally

comp

liant

oper

ation

Manager EHS 1. Incidences of loss of containment or acute exposure of hazardous waste to the handling personnel

2. Any loss-time injury to trigger incidence investigation


All loss-time incidences investigation-ns to be documented and reviewed by the CEO on immediate basis





Incine

rator

– wa

ste lo

ading

, gas

trea

tmen

t, slud

ge ha

ndlin

g, ME

and T

G op

erati

on

Incine

rator

, MEE

and T

G op

erati

on Air quality,

occupational health

1. EMP will be part of SOP of operation

EMP

as pa

rt of

proje

ct de

sign MEE, Incineration and

TG Operations Manager

1. Incidences of system leakage/hot surface exposure to trigger immediate LDAR measures

2. Any loss-time injury to trigger incidence investigation

3. Efficiency of APC Measures to be reviewed if the AAQ results (as proposed in Chapter 6 Environment Monitoring Programme, Table 6.1, Sr. 1.) are non-compliant for more than 48 hours


Stack emission parameters to be reviewed by the Project Site Operation Head on a daily basis, and the CEO on a monthly basis All loss-time incidences investigation-ns to be documented and reviewed by the CEO on immediate basis


Incine

rator

– wa

ste

loadin

g, ga

s tre

atmen

t, slu

dge h

andli

ng, M

E an

d TG

oper

ation

Incine

rator

, MEE

and

TG op

erati

on Noise 1. EMP as part of SOP of hardware/facility

maintenance

EMP

as pa

rt of

proje

ct de

sign a

nd

envir

onme

ntally

co

mplia

nt op

erati

on MEE, Incineration and

TG Operations Manager, Maintenance Team

1. Noise monitoring to be carried out by in-house hand-held noise meter on a bi-weekly frequency. Corrective actions to be taken if the noise at the site boundary exceeds 85 dB in the windward direction.


None specific

14 Overall TSDF site

Hous

ekee

ping

and t

raffic

ma

nage

ment

TSDF

oper

ation

Air quality, noise 1. All traffic to follow designated routes, always over paved surfaces

2. All traffic coming from the landfill to pass through the tyre wash area

3. All equipment of landfill operation to be in good order of maintenance (with respect to noise and tailpipe smoke)

EMP

as pa

rt of

envir

onme

ntally

co

mplia

nt op

erati

on Project Site Operation

Head, Manager EHS None specific 1. Continuously

till facility operation till post closure and perpetuity

None specific

D e c o m e s s i o n i n g P h a s e




15 Landfill

Final

capp

ing of

land

fill,

monit

oring

of w

ells a

nd

perio

dic ci

vil m

ainten

ance

of

the la

ndfill

Land

fill cl

osur

e Ground water 1. Specific and details EMP to be prepared, discussed and got vetted by the landfill designing firm/suitably identified institute, and GPCB, and followed through rigorously

EMP

as pa

rt of

proje

ct de

sign

and e

nviro

nmen

tally

comp

liant

oper

ation

CEO, CFO 1. Invasive tests to be carried out if ground water parameters as given in Chapter 6 Environment Monitoring Programme, Table 6.2, Sr. 2. (any five critical/relevant parameters decided by the Manager EHS during operation phase) start rising at a rate of 5% per month from the rolling baseline for two consecutive months

1. From the date of complete -fill of landfill till post closure and perpetuity

Stage wise, rigorous documentati-on of the closure procedure reviewed by the Board of Directors on a monthly basis


Deco

mmiss

ioning

of al

l inne

r co

ntact

parts

of th

e har

dwar

e

Incine

rator

, MEE

and T

G clo

sure

Occupational health

1. Specific and details EMP to be prepared, discussed and got vetted by the a suitably identified institute and GPCB, and followed through rigorously

EMP

as pa

rt of

proje

ct de

sign Project Site Operation

Head, Manager EHS None specific 1. From the date

of cooldown of the incinerator till total equipment dismantling and scrapping

Stage wise, rigorous documentati-on of the closure procedure reviewed by the Board of Directors on a monthly basis

*please refer Figure 10.1 and 10.2




Figure 10.1 EM Cell during Construction Phase




Figure 10.2 EM Cell during Operation Phase



Chapter 11

Summary and Conclusion


Chapter 11 Summary and Conclusion


Chapter 11

Summary and Conclusion

11.0 Vapi Waste and Effluent Management Company Ltd.

M/s Vapi Waste and Effluent Management Company Ltd. is a non-equity and non-profit society of

members of Vapi Industrial Area. VWEMCL is operating a common-user secured landfill of 900,000 MT

capacity on plot no. 4807 in GIDC, Phase IV, Vapi, Ta. Pardi, Distt. Valsad, Gujarat since 1999-2000.

The landfill laid out on 10.3 ha land provides TSDF services to 515 member units of Vapi GIDC. The

existing landfill is approaching its design capacity at an average in-fill rate of 15,000 MT/month.

This Report documents and presents outcomes of the Environmental Impact Assessment process carried

out for establishment of a greenfield, integrated Treatment Storage and Disposal Facility proposed inside

a notified industrial estate at Vapi, ta. Pardi, Dist. Valsad, Gujarat.

11.1 Proposed Project

VWEMCL is proposing a new waste management facility over a 14.5 ha land over Plot nos. 2519/P to

3432 (48 contagious survey numbers) within industrial estate of Vapi GIDC. The facility will have the

following components.

a. Landfill of 20,10,000 MT overall capacity, to be developed above-grade in cellular fashion, in

phases

b. Incinerator of 15,000 kg/hr

c. Co-generation system of 17 Ton/hr steam output

d. An electrical power generation system of 2 MW

e. A Multiple Effect Evaporator of 7500 l/hr effluent input

f. Auxiliary utilities

In addition, the proposal includes erection of a naturally aspirated, high-head storage shed of 8000 sq.m.

with flame proof electrical fittings, impervious flooring, leachate collection drains, suitable soft partition,

circulation area, loading/unloading bays, etc.

11.2 Need for the Project

The existing landfill is approaching its design capacity and a new landfill is required to continue the

hazardous waste storage and disposal service provided by the current landfill to its member units.






of Vapi GIDC. The voluminous and toxic incinerable hazardous waste from south Gujarat is presently





On-going process optimization and cleaner production initiatives in the industries in the GIDC have

resulted in effluent stream segregation. Several industries have identified and segregated streams which

have high TDS contents which can be put through evaporation for recovery of condensate-water and dry

salts for landfilling. Segregation of such streams and their treatment in a multiple effect evaporator (MEE)

will have a positive impact on volume reduction and the treatability of effluent in the 55 MLD CETP

being operated by VWEMCL.

A judicious integration of components of the TSDF is sought to optimise utilization of sensible heat from

the Incinerator for production of high-pressure steam which will serve another effluent disposal function

in operation of MEE and will produce electrical power to surpass operation requirement of the system and

be a power – positive project. The project will also gainfully utilise the non-hazardous plastic waste

stream from paper industries as auxiliary fuel. The salient features of the proposed project are given in

Table 11.1.

Table 11.1 Salient Features of the Project

Details of the Proposed project

a. Landfill of 20,10,000 MT overall capacity b. Incinerator of 15,000 kg/hr c. Co-generation system of 17 ton/hr steam output d. An electrical power generation system of 2 MW e. A Multiple Effect Evaporator of 7500 l/hr effluent input f. Auxiliary utilities

LOCATION OF PLANT PROJECT Village Vapi, Ta: Pardi District & State Valsad & Gujarat Coordinates of the Plant site 200 21’ 49.02’’ N 720 57’ 24.69’’E Elevation 21 m above MSL GENERAL CLIMATIC CONDITIONS Mean Maximum Temperature 37.2°C Mean Minimum Temperature 11.6°C Relative Humidity 24 – 100 % (Average Annual) Annual Rainfall 1500 - 2200 mm (Average Annual) Wind Pattern West (from during Summer Season) Seismic Zone Seismic zone III as per IS 1893 (Part 1) 2002 HISTORICAL / IMPORTANT PLACES




Archaeological/Historically Important Site None within the 10 km* radius

Water bodies Damanganga River –~ 5.4 km south from the Project Site Kolak River ~ 3.4 km north from the Project Site

Forest Area None within the 10 km* radius Sanctuaries / National Parks None within the 10 km* radius NEAREST HABITATION Nearest village ( habitation) Karvad Village – Approx. 1 Km* Nearest Taluka head quarter Pardi Taluka Panchayat Office – Approx.16 Km* Other villages in the area Chhiri, Pandhor, Rohina, Lavachha, Chandod, Kocharva ROAD NETWORK Road to the project site Approach road to project site is available Distance from State highway SH No.185 - Approx. 7 Km* OTHER TSDF IN THE AREA Existing TSDF of VWEMCL 1.4 Km* RAILWAY INFRASTRUCTURE Nearest Railway station Vapi approx. 5 km*

Note : *Aerial Distance

11.3 Statutory Clearances


2014, 2015) in ‘7(d) Common Hazardous Waste Treatment Storage and Disposal Facilities’ – Category

A (All integrated facilities having incineration & landfill or incineration alone). Additionally, since the

proposed location is within 10 km from the interstate boundary of the UT of Daman, it has to be cleared

by the MoEF CC under ‘General Condition’ of the Notification. Since the proposed integrated TSDF is

inside a notified Industrial Estate, per III, (i) (b) of the EIA Notification, public hearing is not applicable

on the project. ToR Letter was issued by the MoEF (F.No.10-16/2013/IA/III, dated 2nd December, 2013)

The EIS Report has been prepared under following guidelines of CPCB and MoEFCC:

1. Guidelines for conducting EIA : Site selection for CHWMF (HAZWOMS/25/2003-04), CPCB,

October, 2003

2. Technical EIA Guidance Manual for Common Hazardous Waste TSDF, IL&FS Ecosmart,

August, 2010

3. EIA Notification, 2006 (amended), Appendix III – Generic Structure of EIA Document

11.4 Integrated Waste Management Facility

The project is proposed over a plot area of 14.5 ha. Landfill will occupy about 7.87 ha area (54% of total

area). Greenbelt and open spaces will cover 3.2ha area (22% of the total area). The site will be

approachable through a 20 m wide GIDC road. The site will have 6 m wide greenbelt and a 6 m wide

peripheral road for circulation. Size of the landfill and features of key systems of the TSDF is given in

Table 11.2.




Table 11.2 Technical Details of Landfill

Sr. Technical specifications Value 1 Total waste filling landfill area 7.87 ha 2 Quantity of waste to be disposed 20,10,000 MT 3 Volume of waste to be disposed 16,08,000 m3 4 Bulk density of compacted solid waste 1.8 MT/m3 5 Waste application height 9 Meters 6 Bottom slope (Traverse) 3% 7 Leachate drainage slope (Longitudinal) 1.5% 8 Inner side slopes of Embankment 1:2 (V:H) 9 Outer side slopes of Embankment 1:2.5 (V:H) 10. Monitoring wells Six (two u/s, two d/s, two either sides

Technical details including proposed sizes, required installation area and feed capacity of the incinerator,

Co-generation system, MEE and Power generation system including their ancillary utilities are given in

Table 11.3.

Table 11.3 Technical Details of Incinerator, Co-generation, MEE and Power Generation

Sr. System, Installation

Area (LxWxH in m)

Capacity Feed Flow (Kg/hr)

1. Waste Incinerator (30 x 30 x 15)

Solid waste (Dry) handling capacity of 6,665 kg/hr and total capacity of handling waste of 15,000 kg/hr (including moisture) with thermal capacity of 25,500 kWh/hr, Flue gas treatment system, auto feeding and ash removal system.

Primary sludge 6670 Secondary sludge Plastic waste Other Incinerable waste Moisture 7500

2. Waste Heat Recovery Boiler (20 x 20 x 10)

Waste heat recovery boiler of 17 TPH & 40 ATA capacity with desuperheater & economizer.

Boiler feed water 14200 Boiler feed water top up 1420 Flue gases at 1100 0C to steam generator

58500

3. Co-Generation System (50 x 50 x 10)

Condensing steam turbine of 2 MW capacity. Electrical generator of 2

MW capacity. Steam condenser of 8 MW

thermal capacity. Cooling tower of 2500 TR

capacity.

Steam at 40 bar & 500 0C to steam turbine

11900

Cooling water in condenser 1360000 Cooling tower water top up 17204

4. Multiple Effect Evaporator (12 x 08 x 18)

Quadruple effect evaporator with feeding capacity of 150 KL/day (7500 Litre/hr.) integrated with stripper & Agitated Thin Film Dryer (ATFD).

Effluent feed to MEE 7500 Steam @ 6 bar to MEE 2263




The incinerator will require Natural Gas as auxiliary fuel to the tune of 1800 kg/hr. Natural gas will be

supplied by Gujarat Gas Company Ltd. through a NG valve skid. Approximately 400-600 liters of HSD

fuel will be required by the equipment in the landfill operation. Fuel will be procured in 200 l MS drums

on a daily and transferred to the equipment using hand operated gear pumps.


operation of the TSDF.

11.5 Baseline Environment Studies for EIA

An area covered within 10 km from the approximate centre point of the Project Site has been considered

as the study area for generation of environmental baseline and evaluation of impacts from the proposed

project. Baseline environmental studies for the plant site were carried out during the out in the summer

months of 2014 (Ambient Air Quality, Noise) and 2015 (Surface and Ground Water, Soil, Ecology and

Biodiversity, Geology and Hydrogeology, and Socio Economic status).

11.5.1 Hydrology

The elevation of the site varies from 32 m MSL in the south to 31 m MSL in the north and north west.

The site is a flat land with gentle slopes towards west and north east. There is no surface drainage of

significance in close neighbourhood. The Damanganga River stream is at a distance of 5 km from the

Project Site and River Kolak, another small, perennial, westward flowing river about 3.5 km away. High

flood lines of both rivers are within few meters of the river banks; the Project Site is too far away to be

effected by high floods in both the rivers.

11.5.2 Geology and Soil

The study area and close surroundings comprise of weathered vescicular basaltic rock. The soil extends

up to 1 to 1.5 m below ground level followed by weathered basalt. It is then underlain by hard basalt

encountered at a depth. The depth of the bore wells vary from 20 to 80 m. The yield of the bore wells very

between 60 to 120 lpm (i.e. 1 to 2 lps).

11.5.3 Land use

Agriculture/crop land is the dominant landuse of the Impact Area. Builtup land occupies about 36.89

sq.km, water bodies occupy around 11.09 sq.km., crop land around 213.5 sq.km, wastelands around 48.72

sq.km and other land 4.7 sq.km. Industrial area and settlements forms only 4.8 % and 6.9 % of the

landuse respectively.




11.5.4 Meteorology

Vapi experiences moderate summers, short winters and heavy rainy season. The mean maximum

temperature of the area is 37.2° C, and means minimum temperature is 11.6° C. Humidity ranges between

24-100 percent. The district receives between 1500 to 2200 mm of rainfall aminly during south west

monsoon. Predominant wind direction is W-SW-NW during Southwest Monsoon months, i.e. June to

October. During the winter months, the wind direction is from N -NE. The average annual wind velocity

is 6 to 9 km/hr.

11.5.5 Ambient Air Quality

The Project Site is on the leeward side of GIDC Industrial Estate according to the wind regimen of winter

months - which is most critical period from ambient air quality point of view. The Site forms the eastern

extremity of the Industrial Estate. Site being within/close to industrial estate, summary parameters like -

Particulate Matter (PM10), Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Sulphur dioxide (SO2) and Oxides of Nitrogen

(NOX) were selected for documentation of baseline. Predominant wind direction, population zone and

location where maximum GLC is anticipated have been considered for selection of air monitoring

locations.

Table 11.4. AAQ Sampling Stations

Sam. Point



AAQ1 Project site -- AAQ2 Karvad village (terrace of

Gram Panchayat office) 0.8 SW Nearfield, downwind

AAQ3 Chhiri village (landing of the village water tank)

1.8 NW Nearfield, crosswind

AAQ4 Pandhor village (terrace of Gram Panchayat office)

3 NE Nearfield, upwind

AAQ5 Rohina village (Nr. Gram Panchayat office, near Bank of Baroda)

9.5 NE Farfield, upwind

AAQ6 Vapi GIDC (main gate of Kundar Chemicals)

5.3 W Nearfield, high baseline for AAQ due to operating GIDC industrial estate

AAQ7 Lavachha village (near Gram Panchayat office)

7.7 SE Farfield, crosswind

AAQ8 Chanod colony (terrace of Mayur Appts, Bhula Nagar Colony)

4.3 SW Nearfield, downwind

AAQ9 Kocharva (Kumbhar Falia) 1.12 NE Nearfield, upwind, may be effected by stack downwash, fugitive emissions




AAQ10 Dungri Falia (terrace of Darpan Cinema)

2.3 SW Nearfield, downwind, may be effected by stack downwash, fugitive emissions

Table 11.5. Ambient Air Monitoring Results (Period - Summer 2014)

Location

PM10 (µg/m3)

PM2.5 (µg/m3)

SO2

(µg/m3) NOx

(µg/m3) AA1

Project Site Average 95.5 51.7 17.3 22.8 98‰ 119.5 80.0 22.7 28.9

AA2

Karvad Village

Average 142.0 67.6 26.2 18.1 98‰ 156.1 87.6 30.8 22.7

AA3 Chhiri village

Average 84.0 46.9 14.5 20.2 98‰ 95.8 53.2 17.5 22.7

AA4

Pandhor Village

Average 80.7 39.8 10.4 15.2 98‰ 88.7 48.0 12.5 16.8

AA5

Rohina Village

Average 96.2 58.4 13.0 16.3 98‰ 109.2 71.9 16.6 19.2

AA6 Kundar Chemicals (Vapi GIDC)

Average 168.5 111.5 30.2 14.0 98‰ 192.3 135.9 36.0 17.3

AA7 Lavachha Village

Average 109.2 66.8 15.4 19.4 98‰ 122.3 94.6 19.9 25.7

AA8 Chanod Colony

Average 121.9 49.4 19.3 13.7

98‰ 150.2 65.2 27.6 16.5

A9 Kocharva Village

Average 96.1 47.8 11.0 11.2

98‰ 112.3 54.7 12.6 13.2

AA10 Dungri Falia

Average 119.5 61.7 29.4 24.0 98‰ 136.8 75.5 34.8 26.8

NAAQS Standards 24 hourly avg

100 60 80 80

The AAQ stations in the Impact Area exhibited more than 100 µg/m3 of PM10. Even farfield crosswind

and upwind stations such as Lavaccha and Rohina showed PM10 values higher than NAAQS standard.

High PM10 values in the predominately rural (no apparent impact by industrial activity due to large

distance) stations could be attributed by dry season and harvesting/agricultural activity going on the area.

PM2.5 values in all the AAQ stations were recorded almost near the NAAQS levels, except inside the

GIDC estate where they were much above the standards. NOx and SO2 - pollutants from fuel combustion

origin (industril or traffic) were well below the NAAQS standards uniformaly across all AAQ stations

indicating that the point-industrial sources of the industrial estate were under compliance. This also

indicates that a major source of particulates in the Impact Area is of fugitive emission (both indusrial and

traffic) origin.




11.5.6 Ambient Noise Quality

Since noise follows similar principles of propagation and attenuation as that of air pollutants, and is

mostly couples with the same sources as that of air pollution, sampling for noise was carried at the AAQ

stations. Day time noise was monitored between 6:00 AM to 10:00 PM, night time noise was monitored

between 10:00 PM to 6:00 AM.

Twelve hourly averaged noise levels in the entire village and the project site are within noise standards

prescribed for residential and industrial areas, respectively. Noise in the sampling sites are from local

origin as industrial noise from GIDC are observed to be attenuated within few hundred meters from the

GIDC boundary.

11.5.7 Water Quality Selected water quality parameters of ground water resources and surface water resources within the

project area were considered for assessing the water environment.

11.5.7A Surface Water

Sampling locations for surface water in the impact area were selected based on a reconnaissance survey.

Sampling locations with rationale of selection are given in Table 11.6.

Table 11.6. Surface Water Sampling Stations Sam. Point


Site (km)


SW1 Karvad village talav 0.82 SW Large, community user natural source water body near proposed site

SW2 Kocharva village talav 0.55 NE Large, community user natural source water body near proposed site

SW3 Natural drain west of existing landfill (downstream (flow wise))

1.6 SW Drain receiving treated sewages (soak pit overflows) and sundry discharges from GIDC estate

SW4 Natural drain immediate south of existing landfill

1.2 SW Water body abutting the existing landfill boundary wall, visibly polluted from waste dumping by scrap dealers on the other side of the drain, low flow during summer season

SW5 Natural drain west of existing landfill (upstream (flow wise))

1.4 WSW Drain receiving treated sewages (soak pit overflows) and sundry discharges from GIDC estate




SW6 Irrigation canal near proposed TSDF site

0.30 SW Fluvial water body (intermittent man made flow) near proposed site, for pre-project baseline

SW7 Rata river, (tributary of Kolak river, near road bridge, Vapi Ambach road

1.96 NW Nearest perennial, fluvial water body with upstream watershed characteristics, low anthropogenic and no industrial effluent load (at the point of sampling)

Water quality of the Kocharva and Karvad talav which carried water for the whole year meets most of the

water quality parameters of IS 10500:2012 including minerals, heavy metals and specific pollutants such

as mineral oil, pesticides, etc. However, COD and BOD and presence of coliforms makes it non-potable

without treatment. The water is used for supplementary irrigation and sundry usages such as cattle

washing. Water quality in the natural drains flowing south and west of the existing site is poor in most of

the parameters. High COD and BOD, presence of pesticide – Lindane (in two samples), heavy metals

such as chromium, mercury and lead confirms industrial or anthropogenic pollution in the streams. Water

quality of the Rata river is typical of a fluvial river not highly polluted by anthropogenic/industrial

sources. However, presence of coliforms in the river samples makes it unsuitable for human consumption

without treatment. Irrigation canal water coursing from the west of the proposed site is similar to river

water in quality as its source is water from river Damanganga.

11.5.7B Ground Water

Ground water is the prime source of water for drinking and backyard irrigation in the rural habitations in

the Impact Area. Almost all the households in the nearby habitations have kitchen-level RO water

purifiers for potable usage. Owing to good rainfall in the South Gujarat region, ground water is available

at relatively lower depths of 30-100 m throughout the year. Sampling and analysis of water samples for

physical and chemical parameters and heavy metal analysis were undertaken as per IS 3025 & APHA

method.

Table 11.7 Ground Water Sampling Stations

Sam. Point



GW1 Karvad village borewell

0.8

S


GW2 Karvad village openwell

GW3 Kocharva village borewell

1.1

SW


GW4 Kocharva village openwell




Sam. Point



GW5 Vadiavad village borewell

0.53 N Nearest rural habitations in the direction to the proposed TSDF. Groundwater from unconfined aquifer is the prime source of water.

GW6 Vadiavad village openwell

GW7 Dungri falia borewell

1.95 NW Nearest industrial settlement/semi-urban habitation dependant solely on ground water for potable/commercial usage.

Almost all samples are high in calcium, magnesium, hardness and alkalinity which are suspected from

lithological/geological origin, acquired during infiltration through upper layers of soil. Specific pollutants

of industrial origin such as mineral oil, phenolic compounds, heavy metals, etc. are absent in all the

samples. Specific pesticides are also absent in all the samples.

11.5.8 Soil Quality

Soil Sampling was carried out in the summer season of 2015. Sampling and analysis of 5 soil samples for

physical and chemical parameters were carried out.The soil texture is sandy loam type. The pH of the soil

samples collected were in the range of 6.98 to 7.84 indicating slightly acidic nature. The Nitrogen content

in the soils was found to be in the range of 130 – 230 kg / ha. Potassium level was found to be in the

range of 84 to 147 kg / ha. The organic carbon % was found to be in the range of 0.28 – 0.46 %

11.5.9 Biological Environment

Western and northern extremes of Impact Area have significant terrestrial and aquatic, floral and faunal

diversity due to natural vegetation and rich habitat diversity. Central part of the Impact Area with intense

industrial and urban growth has limited biodiversity comprising mostly of hangers-on species.

Biodiversity of the area near the proposed site was found influenced highly by heavy industrialization and

urbanization. Riverine ecosystem especially downstream of Vapi weir was found in degraded state.

11.5.10 Socio-Economic Environment

Socio Economic environment studies included gathering and interpretation of information about

population in study area, demographic profile, occupational profile, and literacy rate of the population

staying in study area from Census of India, 2011. The information was supplemented by a focused

questionnaire survey in the habitations in the Impact Area, mainly to identify standard of living, income

sources and health in various villages in the study area.




11.6 Impact and Mitigation Measures

11.6.1 Impacts due to Location

Since the number of member industries and quantum of hazardous waste for landfilling is not expected to

increase significantly in the proposed landfill, no significant additional impact is envisaged due to the

proposed location of the TSDF.

The proposed TSDF site albeit being inside the notified GIDC will be closer to agricultural fields and

human habitations in comparison to the existing landfill site. However, since there will not be any

discharge from the activities inside the TSDF site, no direct negative impact on agricultural practice is

envisaged. Emissions from the incinerator will be dispersed by a 50 m tall stack to ground concentrations

much below statutory levels as prescribed in National Ambient Air Quality Standards, CPCB, November,

2009. Mitigation plan will be put into place to control fugitive emissions from operation of landfill,

incinerator, MEE and the power plant. Effectiveness of mitigation measures will be continuously

monitored by environmental monitoring plan suggested.

11.6.2 Impacts due to Possible Accidents

The proposed integrated TSDF will handle following hazardous material:

a. Landfillable hazardous waste

b. Chemicals for pre-treatment and stabilization of landfillable waste

c. Incinerable hazardous waste

d. Sludges from gas cleaning arrangement of the incinerator

e. Incineration ash

Hazards from all facility/operations have been identified and assessed. Based on severity of the hazard

and frequency of occurrence, specific management plan have been laid and addressed in Risk Assessment

and Disaster Management Plan.

11.6.3 Impacts due to Construction

First phase of the landfill of the integrated TSDF will take about four to five months to construct and

commission. Expansion of the landfill will commence about five or six weeks before the projected date of

fill-up and capping of the previous phase. Bulk of the construction in the landfill will comprise earth

movement for construction of the perimeter bund.

Construction of incinerator, MEE, power plant and other utilities and amenities will have civil work

comprising equipment foundation and plinth level works (except Administration building also housing

the waste inspection lab which will be completely built civil structures). This construction will also be




completed within four to five months period. Most of the equipment of the TSDF components will be

ordered in pre-fabricated form and will be erected/ assembled at the site.

11.6.4 Impacts due to Decommissioning and Rehabilitation

Based on present rate of infill in the existing landfill, the proposed landfill will have a designed life of

about 10 to 11 years. However the incinerator system, MEE and power plant will have a design life of

about 40 years.

Closure and post closure of the landfill will be carried out as per guidelines issued by the CPCB in

accordance with Chapter-V Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facility for Hazardous Wastes, Hazardous

Wastes (Management, Handling and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2008. Closure of the last phase of

the landfill will have impacts similar to that of construction of the landfill. Except for periodic monitoring

of the ground water monitoring wells and maintaining integrity of the slopes and top vegetative layer of

the landfill, there will not be any sizable activity in the post closure phase of the landfill to cause any

environmental impact whatsoever. The landfill part of the TSDF may be used for setting up PV Panels for

generation of solar energy based on techno-economic feasibility which will be carried out later.

A draft decommissioning plan of the incinerator, MEE power plant is also given, which shall be finalized

and appropriately followed before decommissioning of the non-landfill components of the TSDF.

11.7 Measures for Minimising and/or Offsetting Adverse Impacts Identified

An impact mitigation plan has been prepared to minimise/offset negative impacts arising from setting up

and operation of the proposed integrated TSDF.

The mitigative measures are classified into four classes, as follows:

a. Mitigation measure as part of project design

b. Mitigation measure as part of responsible construction

c. Mitigation measure as part of environmental compliant operation

d. Mitigation measure as part of additional/associated environmental safeguards

e. Mitigation measure as part of socially conscious business practice

11.7A Irreversible and Irretrievable Commitments of Environmental Components

Some of the impacts likely to arise from setting up, operation and decommissioning of the proposed

integrated TSDF arising will be irreversible. Special attention is given to irreversible negative impacts as

they cannot be reversed and may cause irrevocable damage if not attended properly and in time.




11.7B Assessment of Significance of Impacts

A modified Leopold matrix method has been followed to assess impacts likely to arise from various

activities of the proposed integrated TSDF in its lifetime on various environmental attributes. The

significance of the impact warranting a specific impact mitigation action is also systematically discussed.

Impact of 40 activities of the proposed integrated TSDF (distributed into Construction, Operation and

Decommissioning phase) have been identified and graded on 23 identified relevant environmental

attributes (namely, duration of impact, nature, magnitude and scope). The impacts have been first divided

into adverse and beneficial, then their severity has been ranked based on attributes, e.g. any impact which

is long term, major and regional is ranked high; impact which is short term, major and regional is

medium, and impact which is short term, minor and local is ranked low.

Soil deposition for earthen gravity bund construction/RE wall construction (Construction phase) is a

major activity both by volume of work and duration of activity wise, which may have major adverse

environmental impacts (classified under Regional impact) over several environmental attributes on a site

not under direct control and administration of the project proponent. Design and implementation a

mitigation measure targeted towards vendor/supplier of the activity is essential to effectively practice the

mitigation measure proposed for this activity.

Similarly operation of the Incinerator, MEE and power has major adverse environmental impacts on Air

quality, Noise and Occupational health. Incremental/additional impact on air quality of the area due to

introduction of a permanent point source of emission have been estimated based on mathematical

modelling for dispersal of pollutants in the atmosphere carried out on a Gaussian Plume Model.Based on

the modelling results, the highest incremental increase in concentration of SO2 occurs at coordinates in

the WNW direction at a distance of 492 m and the incremental increase is 2.8 µg/m3.Similarly the highest

incremental increase in concentration of NOx occurs at coordinates in the WNW direction at a distance of

492 m and the incremental increase is 5.63 µg/m3. The highest incremental increase in concentration of

PM occurs at coordinates in the WNW direction at a distance of 492 m and the incremental increase is

0.73 µg/m3. The impacts are directed towards the GIDC and away from habitations in the E and SE

direction.

11.8A Site Alternatives

The present site has been selected after thorough examination of three alternate sites of relative size,

depending on the availability of un-utilized land in the vicinity of the Vapi GIDC. A quantitative




comparative study of the identified sites was carried out based on the Rejection or Knock-out Criteria

prescribed for site-identification of TSDF sites by CPCB. Three sites were selected (Site A, B and C).

Site A is summarily unsuitable due to its proximity to the Damanganga river, Rofell college and a Daman

and Vapi towns. Site B though meeting few attributes of a landfill site is unsuitable due to its proximity

with Azad Nagar, a habitation cluster south west of it. It also falls in the overflow path of the Karvad

talav, thus experiences flooding for few days in the monsoon days. Additionally the site has been used for

sun-drying of recycled paper sheets used for packing by hand made paper since a long time, and also for

dumping of waste since a long time.

11.8B Alternative Technology

The landfill has been designed as an above grade landfill with 30 m base width earth gravity embankment

wall. However, there is an alternate and superior technology for construction of the embankment wall

called Paramesh Wall (Cable stayed, filled Gabion Structure) which has found application in several

water retaining, embankment and slope stabilization structures in the country. No technically unproven

technology is proposed for construction or operation of the Incinerator, MEE and power generation

system.

11.9 Environmental Monitoring Plan

Monitoring of the TSDF in operational phase is spread over monitoring of the following components

a) Hazardous waste Incinerator - Ambient air quality, Stack gas (details given in Table 11.8)

b) Secured Landfill – Vent gases of the capped landfill, Ground water, Surface water, Soil,

Biological indicators (Details given in Table 11.9)

A provisional budget of Rs. 75 Lacs will be made for the sampling and analysis of environmental

parameters the TSDF in the first year of operation ending financial year. Firm budget based on zero-base

budgeting principle will be made from the second year of operation. M/s VWEMCL will exercise no

constraint on budget of mandatory/recommended environmental monitoring of the integrated TSDF.

Table 11.8 Environmental Monitoring of Incinerator

Sr. Parameter Location Frequency 1 Ambient air quality –

PM10, PM2.5, NOx and SOx

Three ambient air quality monitoring stations, two upwind, one downwind 1200 angle around the TSDF.

Minimum of 104 measurements in a year taken twice a week, 24 hourly

2 Ambient air quality - Total Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH)

Same sampling locations as above Twice in an year (pre-monsoon and post-monsoon, say in the second week of January and third week of May




3 SO2, NOx, HCl, CO In the stack monitoring port Continuously using on-line monitoring system

4 Particulate matter, HCL, SO2, CO, TOC, HF, NOx, total dioxins and furans, Cd, Th and their compounds, Hg and its compound, Sb, As, Pb, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, V and their compounds1

In the stack monitoring port

Quarterly, spaced out by three months, out of which two sampling occasions to be concurrent with AAQ (VOC and PAH) as given in Sr. 2 above

Table 11.9 Environmental Monitoring of Landfill

Sr. Parameter Location Frequency 1 Vent gas - VOCs and

H2S All landfill cap vents

once in a month

2 Ground Water - pH, Colour, EC, Turbidity (NTU), SS, TDS, TOC, COD, heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Cr, Hg, Ni), Fe, CN, F, As and Mn, Cl, NO3, SO4, TKN, Total Alkalinity, Total hardness and Total Pesticides

Four monitoring wells2 Once in the second week of every month

3 Surface waters - pH, Colour, EC, Turbidity (NTU), SS, TDS, TOC, DO, BOD, COD, heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Cr, Hg, Ni), Fe, CN, F, As and Mn, Cl, NO3, SO4, TKN, Total Alkalinity, Total hardness.

Karvad talav, Kocharva talav Second week of every quarter, out of which two sampling occasions to be concurrent with AAQ (VOC and PAH) as given in Sr. 2 above

1 Environment (Protection) Fifth Amendment Rules, 2008 dated 26 June 2008 (Annex XVI) 2 The ground water flow direction has to be ascertained periodically and reported at least once in three years so as to know any changes in the ground water flow directions due to any changes in the local conditions such as draw down of ground water.



Chapter 12

Disclosure of Consultants Engaged


Chapter 12 Disclosure of Consultants Engaged


Chapter 12

Disclosure of Consultants Engaged 12.0 EIA Consultant

Aditya Environmental Services Pvt. Ltd. is a Mumbai based consultancy organization rendering a wide

range of environment related services since more than twenty five years. Our client list includes some of

the foremost industrial and business houses in India, international financial institutions, Governmental

and semi Governmental bodies, etc. We have a team of qualified and experienced persons from various

disciplines to handle complex assignments. In addition, we have a pool of highly qualified experts from

related and specialized fields to draw upon should an assignment dictate so.

12.1 Range of Services

12.1.1 Environmental Planning Studies

Environmental Planning requires special attention as the issues involved need thorough understanding of

the environmental situation and forces affecting it. In addition to environmental sectors, many other

aspects also need to be taken into consideration while carrying out environmental planning. Collection,

generation and assimilation of voluminous data is a pre-requisite for any kind of planning exercise. We

have necessary experience of preparing inventories of various environmental attributes to aid diligent,

credible and scientific environmental planning.

Some of the notable assignments successfully completed include project URBAIR for MEIP-Mumbai

under World Bank funding, and Inventory of Hazardous Waste Generation in the state of Maharashtra.

12.1.2 Policy Planning Studies

We have undertaken research studies necessary for developing environmental policies, plans and

formulating rules for prestigious clients such as Central Pollution Control Board, Ministry of

Environment and Forests, Government of India, and other agencies such as World Bank. Aspects covered

under policy planning include undertaking national level surveys of the industrial sector (to gauge

magnitude of the problem), identifying key environmental parameters, monitoring to assess/evaluate

existing control techniques, assessment of control options and reviewing international legislations on the

industry. We then formulate various alternatives for consideration of implementing agencies to apply in

the local context. Some of the notable assignments in policy planning include Development of

Hydrocarbon Emission Standards for Petrochemical Industry for CPCB, and Development of Automobile

Emission Norms for Dhaka, Bangladesh.




12.1.3 EIA and EMP

We undertake Environmental Impact Assessment studies for new industrial/developmental projects and

expansion of existing activities. The study results are used to formulate Environment Management Plan

for mitigation of adverse impacts due to the project and for achieving improvement of environmental

conditions. The studies are conducted as per guidelines of MoEFCC, World Bank (OP 4.01)/Asian

Development Bank and as required by the client. Both rapid (covering baseline environmental monitoring

for one season) and comprehensive (covering baseline environmental monitoring for one season) studies

can be undertaken by us as per demands of the project. Based on these studies, we also assist the client to

obtain Environmental Clearance from Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change, State EIA

Authorities, State Department of Environments, Coastal Zone Management Authorities, Pollution Control

Boards and other regulatory/financial agencies as per scaling requirements.

We have successfully completed several assignments for Chemical/Petrochemical industries, Power

Generation Projects, Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ), Mining, CDM Projects (Wind Farms), Construction

and Highway projects in Maharashtra, Haryana, Goa, Karnataka, Rajasthan and Gujarat. Such

assignments can be taken by us on a turnkey basis covering clearance of the project from State Pollution

Control Board, Dept. of Environment and/or Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change,

Govt. of India.

We are accredited by Quality Council of India - National Accreditation Board for Education and Training

(NABET) as EIA consultant for following twelve sectors.




12.1.4 Risk Assessment Studies

We carry out HAZOP (Hazard and Operability) studies and Risk Assessment studies for projects

involving handling of chemicals. The HAZOP studies help identify hazards in operations whereas the

Risk Assessment studies help to ascertain extent of damage likely in case of an accident involving

chemicals. The output from the study helps to give pointers for effective on site/off site emergency

management. MoEFCC requires all units handling hazardous chemicals to present Risk Assessment

report along with EIA studies, before granting Environmental Clearance to the project. We have

completed several HAZOP and Risk Assessment assignments for various chemical, petrochemical,

drug/synthetic organic chemical manufacturing industries and pipeline projects.

12.1.5 On Site/Off Site Emergency Management Plan

We have prepared Onsite/Off Site emergency management plan and have provided assistance in setting

up of procedures and creating an organization for effective disaster preparedness as part of EC and RA of

several projects. Some of the notable assignments in DMP include Preparation of Framework for

Emergency Response Centre at Patalganga on behalf of PRIA.

12.1.6 Environment, Health and Safety Audits

We have an interdisciplinary team of chemical and environmental engineers with good knowledge of

process chemistry for conducting a range of audits such as Environmental, Health & Safety Audits and

Aspect Identification for ISO 14000 certification. The benefits of a good audit can be manifold, such as

establishment of present status of manufacturing units, identification of shortcomings/problem areas and

setting up targets for improvement as well as to fulfill statutory requirements.

12.1.7 Dispersion Modeling Studies

We have carried out modeling studies to ascertain impact on air and water environment due to existing as

well as proposed pollution sources. Dispersion modeling to gauge impact on air quality is routinely

carried out as part of EIA studies. We have carried out such studies for industrial & highway projects. In

addition, impact on noise levels is also gauged for high way projects. The project URBAR involved

multiple source mathematical modeling using KILDER, a model developed by NILU wherein emissions

over a 40 km x 20 km grid were modeled. Notable assignments for water modeling includes dispersion

modeling for pesticide industry discharge into Cumbarzua canal connecting Zuari & Mondovi rivers in

Goa, thus having bi-directional flows during high/low tides.




12.1.8 Environmental Due Diligence Audits

Environmental Due Diligence Audits are being increasingly resorted to by multinational corporations

before acquiring manufacturing facility and/or businesses in India to ascertain environmental status in the

areas of soil, land and ground water, and to ascertain current and future environmental liabilities of a

company. With an in-house strength in geology and environmental engineering we are ideally suited to

take up such assignments. Some of the notable jobs include assessment of automobile manufacturing unit

near Bangalore for FIAT Engg, Italy and assessment of chemical manufacturing units in MIDC, Tarapur.

12.1.9 Environmental Training and Awareness

We have conducted programs to train employees in environment, health and safety in handling of

chemicals, importance of environmental protection, disaster management and legal issues. We have tied

up with professionals in the fields of mass communication and advertising in order to spread the message

of environment protection on a mass scale. We have also conducted opinion polls for projects to

understand people’s perception on environmental issues. Some of the notable jobs include planning and

implementing awareness programs on environmental impacts before Sinhasta Kumbh Mela at

Trimbakeshwar, Nasik for Maharashtra Jeevan Pradhikaran and Department of Environment, Government

of Maharashtra, teachers training program for villages around Patalganga Rasayani Industrial Area, and

Establishment of Emergency Response Centre. We have formed a group of enthusiastic professionals

under the banner of Centre of Environmental Awareness to help conduct these programs.

12.1.10 Project Management Consultancy for installing Effluent Treatment Plant

We provide comprehensive consultancy services in the area of design, execution supervision and O&M in

CETPs. Span of services include study of effluent sources, their characterization and assessment of

options for effluent treatment, preparation of Techno-Economic Feasibility, detailed designing,

identification of vendors, on-site execution supervision, commissioning support and operation assistance.

We also have unique experience in treatment-troubleshooting, debottlenecking and performance

optimization in industrial ETPs operating on strong/complex effluent.

Some of our clients for comprehensive O&Ms of ETPS include IG Petrochemicals, Taloja & Reliance

Industries Ltd., Patalganga who have relied on us since last fifteen years.




12.1.11 Environmental Monitoring Surveys

Our laboratory for environmental monitoring is certified under ISO 9001:2008 & OHSAS 1800:2007.

The laboratory is fully geared up to monitor all environmental parameters. We have trained staff

comprising scientists and engineers to undertake evaluation of any kind of environmental problems.

We have experience and expertise in following types of surveys:

- Compliance monitoring as per PCB Consent/Environmental Clearance conditions

- Work room/ventilation assessment studies

- Prformance evaluation of air pollution control systems and ETPs

- Noise level surveys/illumination surveys

- Water/wastewater analysis for industrial effluents & sewage

- Marine water quality assessments & marine ecology studies

- Soil contamination assessment

- Soil fertility studies

- Hazardous waste analysis

- Clean room assessments

- Microbiological studies

12.1.12 Compliance Services

AESPL maintains a separate compliance cell which assists companies to comply with all environmental

legislations such as obtaining consents from pollution control boards, filing regular returns under various

environmental laws and replying to queries/letters/questionnaires sent by Boards.

We also take up filing of regular compliance reports to MoEFCC after obtaining Environmental

Clearance.

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