environmental impact assessment rev4
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EIA Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is used to
identify the environmental and social impacts of aproject prior to decision-making. It aims to predict
environmental impacts at an early stage in projectplanning and design, find ways and means to reduceadverse impacts, shape projects to suit the localenvironment and present the predictions and optionsto decision-makers.
By using EIA both environmental and economicbenefits can be achieved, such as reduced cost andtime of project implementation and design, avoidedtreatment/clean-up costs and impacts of laws and
regulations.
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Environmental ImpactAssessment Activities involved
Baseline data collection primary and secondary
Understanding Project characteristics
Superimposing project characteristics on the baseline
Prediction of impacts
Environmental Management Plans
Presenting the report to decision makers
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Environmental ImpactAssessment Environmental components
Land
Air
Noise
Water Ecology
Socioeconomic
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Environmental Impact
Assessment Land Environment
Location setting (Regional)
Location setting (Local)
Land Use Pattern
Soil characteristics
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Environmental Impact
Assessment
THE MALANJKHAND MINE inBalaghat district of
Madhya Pradesh, in an area that wasonce forested land on which Adivasis depended.
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Environmental Impact
AssessmentAir Environment
Reconnaissance Survey
Air Quality
Topography and meteorology
Wind
Temperature and Humidity Rainfall
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Environmental Impact
Assessment Air Environment
Windrose at site:
Max/Min/Mean annual temperature:
Frequency of inversion:
Frequency ofcyclones/tornadoes/cloud burst:
Ambient air quality data:
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Environmental Impact
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http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/wind/images/wr2.GIF -
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Environmental Impact
Assessment
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Environmental Impact
Assessment
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Environmental Impact
Assessment
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Environmental Impact
Assessment Noise
Sources of Noise and Vibrations
Ambient noise level
Traffic
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Environmental Impact
Assessment Water Environment
Surface water
Ground water Surface drainage
Sewerage and waste water disposal
Water quality Surface water
Ground water
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Environmental Impact
Assessment Ecology
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Environmental Impact
Assessment Socio economic environment
Demographic structure
Infrastructure resource base
Health status
Economy
Endemic health problems in the area due towaste water/air/soil borne diseases
Health care system existing
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Environmental Impact
Assessment Identification and assessment of impacts
Air Environment
Construction phase Operation phase
Air quality modelling
Modelling results
Noise Environment Modelling
Assessment of impact
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Environmental Impact
Assessment Identification and assessment of
impacts
Water Environment
Land Environment
Biological Environment
Socio-economic Environment Infrastructure
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Environmental ImpactAssessment
Environmental impact statement
Air Environment
Noise Environment
Water Environment
Land and Biological Environment
Socio-economic Environment
Impact Matrix
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Environmental Impact
Assessment
Ports and Harbours
Airports
Rapid Transit
Highways
Oil/Gas pipelines
Significant Impact
Moderate to Significant Impact
Insignificant Impact
Development Projects
Environmental Parameters
SurfaceWaterQuality
A
irQuality
Seismology
Erosion
LandQuality
Fisheries
Forests
TerrestrialWildlife
N
oise
LandUse
A
esthetics
In
dustries
Resettlement
A
rcheological
H
istoricalsignificance
PublicHealth
Socio-economic
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Environmental ImpactAssessment
Environmental management plan Formulation of EMP is an important outcome of EIA
process
Has cost implications, monitoring and auditrequirements during project life cycle
Typically consists of specific measures (WWTP, APC,Noise barriers, green belt) with details sufficient to
enable realistic cost and time estimates EMPs need not mean management of issues alone
and could include opportunities for enhancement
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Environmental ImpactAssessment
Asking pertinent questions to issues Can the activity related to an issue be
eliminated? Or modified? Can be relocated w.r.t. sensitive
environmental receptor?
Can protection or buffers be provided around
sensitive receptors? Combinations of the above effective?
Residual issues? Who will remain affected?
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Environmental ImpactAssessment
Negative impacts may also be linked tomitigation measures, eg. Hazardous
waste disposal Systemic view needed. Mitigation
measures also need to be screened for
impacts
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Environmental ImpactAssessment
Environmental management plan Construction phase
Operation phaseAir Environment
Noise Environment
Water Environment
Land Environment Solid Waste
Socio-Economic Environment
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EIA Process in India
Issues with quality of EIA reports Improper / Inadequate scoping of EIA
Consultants not having adequate understanding fordeveloping EIA
Cut and paste jobs
No checks on competence of EIA consultants
No liability for EIA consultants
NABET (National Accreditation Board for Educationand Training) Criteria for Registration of EIAConsultant Organizations