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TIN NGHIA CORPORATION
AN PHUOC INDUSTRIAL ZONE MANAGEMENT BOARD
INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION MANAGEMENT
IN THE DONG NAI, NHUE-DAY RIVER BASINS
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
Of project
" BUILDING CENTRAL WASTEWATER
TREATMENT PLANT WITH CAPACITY OF
2000 M3/DAY AT AN PHUOC INDUSTRIAL
ZONE-PHASE 1 (MODULE 1)"
DONG NAI, NOVEMBER 2013
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TIN NGHIA CORPORATION
AN PHUOC INDUSTRIAL ZONE MANAGEMENT BOARD
INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION MANAGEMENT
IN THE DONG NAI, NHUE-DAY RIVER BASIN S
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
Of project
" BUILDING CENTRAL WASTEWATER
TREATMENT PLANT WITH CAPACITY OF
2000 M3/DAY AT AN PHUOC INDUSTRIAL
ZONE-PHASE 1 (MODULE 1)"
DONG NAI, NOVEMBER 2013
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………………….1
1. PROJECT ORIGIN ........................................................................................... 1
1.1. General introduction to the sub-project of industrial pollution management in
the Dong Nai, Nhue - Day river basins ................................................................. 1
1.2. Summary and description of the component No 2 – Central wastewater
treatment plant ..................................................................................................... 3
2. GENERAL INTRODUCTION ABOUT AN PHUOC INDUSTRIAL ZONE 3
3. ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION AND GUIDELINES ........................... 5
3.1. World Bank Policy on Environmental Assessment ........................................ 5
3.2. Vietnamese Policy on Environmental Assessment......................................... 6
3.3. The environmental standards and regulaions ................................................. 8
4. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT METHODS ......................... 9
5. IMPLEMENTATION ORGANIZATION ..................................................... 10
CHAPTER 1: BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ................................ 12
1.1. PROJECT OWNER ..................................................................................... 12
1.2. PROJECT LOCATION ............................................................................... 12
1.3. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT ACTVITIES ................................ 15
1.3.1. Objectives of construction of wastewater treatment plant at An Phuoc IZ 15
1.3.2. Requirement on input and output of waste water treatment plant .............. 16
1.3.3. Drainage and wastewater collection system .............................................. 18
1.3.4. Description of wastewater treatment technologies .................................... 19
1.3.5. Sludge Treatment Technology .................................................................. 39
1.3.6. Traffic system .......................................................................................... 40
1.3.7. System of hazardous wastes management at An Phuoc Industrial Zone .... 41
1.3.8. Risk Management in An Phuoc Industrial Zone ....................................... 43
1.4. TOTAL INVESTMENT BUDGET AND IMPLEMENTATION PLAN OF
COMPONENT No 2 ............................................................................................ 44
1.4.1. Investment budgets ................................................................................... 44
1.4.2. The Project Implementation Plan.............................................................. 44
CHAPTER 2: NATURAL, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC
CONDITIONS ......................................................................................................... 46
2.1. PHYSICAL CONDITIONS .......................................................................... 46
2.1.1.Geographical conditions ............................................................................ 46
2.1.2.Hydrological Conditions ........................................................................... 47
2.1.3.Climate ..................................................................................................... 48
2.1.4.Environmental State .................................................................................. 53
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2.2.BIOLOGICAL CONDITIONS ..................................................................... 56
2.2.1.Mangroves ................................................................................................ 56
2.2.2.Phytoplankton and zooplankton................................................................. 57
2.2.3.Benthos ..................................................................................................... 63
2.3.SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ........................................................... 65
2.3.1.The Economic Development ..................................................................... 65
2.3.2. The Social Development .......................................................................... 67
2.3.3. Sensitive areas affected by the Wastewater Treatment Project at An Phuoc
Industrial Zone ................................................................................................... 68
CHAPTER 3: ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ................................................. 69
3.1. CRITERIA FOR SELECTION OF ALTERNATIVES .............................. 69
3.2. SELECTION OF WASTEWATER DISCHARGE LOCATION ............... 69
3.3. SELECTION OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY ...... 70
3.4. SELECTION OF SLUDGE TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY ................... 76
CHAPTER 4: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ............................ 82
4.1. IMPACT SOURCES, OBJECTS AND SCALE .......................................... 82
4.1.1.Construction Phase .................................................................................... 82
4.1.2.Operation Phase ........................................................................................ 86
4.2. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ......................................... 87
4.2.1.Construction Phase .................................................................................... 87
4.2.2.Operation Phase ...................................................................................... 101
4.2.3. Risk and Accident Impacts ..................................................................... 111
4.2.4. Socio-economic Impacts ........................................................................ 113
4.2.5. Cumulative impacts ................................................................................ 114
4.3. COMMENT ON THE RELIABILITY OF THE USED EIA METHODS
............................................................................................................................ 119
CHAPTER 5: MITIGATION MEASURES OF THE NEGATIVE
ENVIROMENTAL IMPACT ............................................................................... 121
5.1. LAND CLEARANCE PHASE ................................................................... 121
5.2. CONSTRUCTION PHASE ........................................................................ 121
5.2.1. Air Pollution Control .............................................................................. 121
5.2.2. Water Pollution Control ......................................................................... 122
5.2.3. Soil Contamination Control .................................................................... 123
5.2.4. Traffic Control ....................................................................................... 123
5.2.5. Public Health and Socio- economic Development Protection ................. 123
5.2.6. Solid Waste Management ....................................................................... 123
5.2.7. Risk Mitigation ...................................................................................... 124
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5.3. OPERATION PHASE ................................................................................ 125
5.3.1. Air Pollution Control .............................................................................. 125
5.3.2. Water Pollution Control ......................................................................... 127
5.3.3. Soil contamination control...................................................................... 129
5.3.4.Negative Environmental Impacts on Ecosystems and Socio-economic
Development .................................................................................................... 129
5.3.5. Risk Impacts Control .............................................................................. 130
5.3.6. Risk Mitigation Measures in Operation Phase ........................................ 130
CHAPTER 6: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ........................... 134
6.1. MITIGATION OF NEGATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS .......... 134
6.1.1. Mitigation Measures Performance Plan .................................................. 134
6.1.2.Implementation plan for Safety, Health, Environment and Transport
program ........................................................................................................... 150
6.2. TRAINING PROGRAM ............................................................................ 151
6.3. COST ESTIMATION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND
MONITORING PROGRAM ............................................................................ 152
CHAPTER 7: PUBLIC CONSULTATION ......................................................... 154
7.1. GOALS OF PUBLIC CONSULTATION .................................................. 154
7.1.1. Appraisal Agency ................................................................................... 154
7.1.2. The Project Owner ................................................................................. 154
7.1.3. Consulting Agency ................................................................................. 154
7.1.4. The People’s Committee and Fatherland Front Union ............................ 154
7.1.5. The Affected Public Communities .......................................................... 154
7.2. PUBLIC CONSULTATION ACTIVITIES ............................................... 155
7.3. RESULTS OF PUBLIC CONSULTATION .............................................. 155
7.3.1. .Results of Public Consultation ............................................................... 155
7.3.2. Opinions of Local Government .............................................................. 157
7.4. PUBLIC INFORMATION DISCLOSER .................................................. 158
7.5. COMMITMENT OF THE PROJECT OWNER ...................................... 158
7.5.1. Undertaking Measures for Adverse Impacts Mitigation .......................... 159
7.5.2. Commitment for Implementation of Environmental Protection Measures
and Provisions .................................................................................................. 159
APPENDICES
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 1.1. The enterprises has leased land in An Phuoc IZ ......................................... 16
Table 1.2. Coefficient Kf regulated in QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT ................................ 16
Table 1.3. Requirement on the quality of treated wastewater ..................................... 17
Table 1.4. The machinery and equipment of An Phuoc Industrial Zone WWTP ........ 26
Table 1.5. Table of internal building line ................................................................... 40
Table 2.1.Measurement results of Nuoc Trong stream hydrological conditions
.................................................................................................................................. 48
Table 2.2. Resultsof air quality analysis ..................................................................... 53
Table 2.3. Results of water quality analysis ............................................................... 54
Table 2.4. Results of groundwater quality analysis .................................................... 55
Table 2.5. Resultsof soil quality analysis ................................................................... 56
Table 2.6. Phytoplankton composition in the surface water sampling locations.......... 57
Table 2.7. Composition and distribution of phytoplankton density in the surface water
sampling locations ..................................................................................................... 59
Table 2.8. Composition and percentage distribution of phytoplankton in the surface
water sampling locations............................................................................................ 59
Table 2.9. Zooplankton composition in the surface water sampling locations ............ 60
Table 2.10. Composition and distribution of zooplankton density in the surface water
sampling locations ..................................................................................................... 62
Table 2.11. Composition and distribution of zooplankton proportion in the surface
water sampling locations............................................................................................ 62
Table 2.12. Results of benthos analysis ...................................................................... 63
Table 2.13. Results of benthos composition and density analysis ............................... 64
Table 3.1. Results of wastewater quality analysis in the wastewater treatment plant of
Nhon Trach 3 IZ (September 2011). .......................................................................... 74
Table 3.2. Results of wastewater quality analysis in the wastewater treatment plant of
Nhon Trach 3 IZ (November 2011) ........................................................................... 75
Table 4.1. Sources of waste related environmental impacts in the preparation and
construction phases .................................................................................................... 82
Table 4.2. Sources of none-waste related environmental impacts in the preparation and
construction phases .................................................................................................... 83
Table 4.3. Affected Subjects and Scale in the Construction Phase ............................. 84
Table 4.4. Sources of waste related environmental impacts in the operation phase ..... 86
Table 4.5. Sources of none-waste related environmental impacts in the operation phase
.................................................................................................................................. 86
Table 4.6. Affected Subjects and Scale in the Operation Phase .................................. 87
Table 4.7. Air Pollution Loads and Concentration Caused by the Transportation of
Construction Materials ............................................................................................... 89
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Table 4.8. Noice levels from machinery and equipment located in 8 m distance from
the construction area ................................................................................................. 91
Table 4.9. Calculated results of noise level (dBA) during the construction phase ....... 92
Table 4.10. Calculated noise levels from construction activities . ............................... 93
Table 4.11. Noise level of the motor vehicles. ........................................................... 93
Table 4.12. Vibration level of a typical construction machinery ................................. 94
Table 4.13. The effects of air pollutants. .................................................................... 94
Table 4.15. Estimated pollution loads generated from untreated waste water in the
construction phase ..................................................................................................... 96
Table 4.16. Concentrations of pollutants in waste waters. .......................................... 96
Table 4.17. Pollution concentrations of waste waters arising from the process of
cleaning and maintenance of machinery and equipment in the construction phase. .... 97
Table 4.18. Estimated concentrations of pollutants in stormwater runoff. .................. 98
Table 4.19. Loss of construction materials ................................................................. 99
Table 4.20. Integrated environmental impact assessment in the construction phase . 101
Table 4.21. Estimated loads and concentrations of exhaust air emission pollutants
generated from the transportation means .................................................................. 102
Table 4.22. Bacterial density in the air at the wastewater treatment plant ................. 103
Table 4.23. Impacts of methane on the environment and human health .................... 104
Table 4.24. Impact of hydrogen sulfide on the environment and human health ........ 105
Table 4.25. Estimated pollution loads in untreated waste water in the project's
operation phase ........................................................................................................ 106
Table 4.26. Concentrations of pollutants in the waste water treatment plant ............. 106
Table 4.27. Summary of integrated environmental impacts in the operation phase ... 111
Table 4.29. Maximum pollution load which can be received by water body. ........... 116
Table 4.30. Calculated results of pollutant loads, which are available in the receiving
water body ............................................................................................................... 117
Table 4.31. Calculated results of the pollution load from An Phuoc Industrial Zone
discharging into the Nuoc Trong stream .................................................................. 117
Table 4.32. Carrying capacity of Nuoc Trong stream receiving the treated wastewater
discharging from An Phuoc Industrial Zone ............................................................. 119
Table 4.33.Summary of the reliability of the used EIA methods .............................. 119
Table 5.1. The inlet and outlet parameters of the central wastewater treatment plant
according to design: ................................................................................................. 128
Table 5.2. Treatment efficiency of IZ An Phuoc’s central wastewater treatment plant
................................................................................................................................ 128
Table 6.1. The agencies involved in the environmental management program ......... 134
Table 6.2. Summary of the environmental management program of projects in the
construction phase ................................................................................................... 137
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Table 6.3. Summary of environmental management programs in the project operation
phase WWTP ........................................................................................................... 143
Table 6.4. Summary of counter measures to minimize environmental risks of the
project ..................................................................................................................... 147
Table 6.5. Implementation plan for Safety, Health, Environment and Transport
program in construction phase ................................................................................. 150
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1.1. Location map of An Phuoc Industrial Zone .............................................. 13
Figure 1.2. Location map of the wastewater treatment plant at An Phuoc Industrial
Zone .......................................................................................................................... 14
Figure 1.3. Diagram of wastewater collection to the IZ’s wastewater treatment plant 19
Figure 1.4. Diagram of wastewater treatment technology of An Phuoc Industrial Zone
.................................................................................................................................. 21
Figure 2.1. Monthly wind .......................................................................................... 52
Figure 2.2. direction and frequency at Bien Hoa station ............................................. 52
Figure 3.1. The proposed wastewater receiving point from the wastewater treatment
plant of An Phuoc Industrial Zone ............................................................................. 70
Figure 3.2. Flow diagram of the wastewater treatment technology of Nhon Trach 3 IZ
.................................................................................................................................. 73
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ABBREVIATION
AMSWW : Automatic Monitoring Stations Of Water Quality
BOD : Biochemical Oxygen Demand
BTMMT : Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment
COD : Chemical Oxygen Demand
Co.Ltd. : Limited company
DO : Dissolved Oxygen
EIA : Environmental Impact Assessment
EMP : Environmental Management Plan
EU : Europe
HW : Hazardous Waste
IZ : Industrial Zone
ND : Not Detected
QCVN : National technical regulation
USA : The United States
WWTP : Wastewater Treatment Plant
WWTS : Wastewater Treatment System
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SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
Project of Investment in construction and business of An Phuoc Industrial Zone
infrastructure in Dong Nai Province was allowed to establish by the Prime Minister in
accordance of the Official Letter No. 935/CP-CN on 14 July 2003. On the basis of the
legal document, the People's Committee of Dong Nai Province have issued the
Decision No. 457/QD-UBND on 24 February 2009 on the adjustment of An Phuoc
Industrial Zone Investor and nominated Tin Nghia Corporation as an investor of the
project.
With the permission of the People's Committee of Dong Nai Province, Tin Nghia
Corporation have implemented the related investment procedures, the detailed
construction adjustment plan with scale 1/2000 of An Phuoc Industrial Zone have been
officially approved on 02 June 2012 according to the Decisions No. 389/QD-UBND of
the People's Committee of Dong Nai province and Dong Nai Industrial Zones
Authority have certified the investment license on 04 September, 2012. At the same
time, Tin Nghia Corporation has collaborated with Nhon Trach 3 Company Ltd. to
make the environmental impact assessment (EIA) report for the project to submit the
state environmental management authorities for reviewing and approving as a basis for
developing and attracting investors into An Phuoc IZ. The main contents of the EIA
report for the project includes the following items:
I. Description about wastewater treatment technology, wastewater input and
output standard of An Phuoc IZ wastewater treatment plant
1.1. Description about wastewater treatment technology
(1). Mechanical treatment (pit pumps, oil separation tank, and an air conditioning)
Wastewaters from the factories in the industrial zone will collected to the pump pit of
the wastewater treatment plant. Wastewaters are separated by automatic garbage
separation equipment to remove the garbage, twigs etc. with size >10mm, then
separated by garbage filters to eliminate garbage with size > 5 mm. Then the
wastewater is pumped to the conditioning tank, which is designed with sufficient
retention time of > 8 hours to balance the volume and concentration.
(2). Chemical handling (flocculation tank, flocculation and primary sedimentation
tanks)
In the flocculation tank, flocculants will be mixed with wastewaters. Flocculation help
to destabilize the sediment particles and stimulate them link with other suspended
sediments to form the larger size particles, where chemical (polymer) stimulate the
larger size particles. Polymer effect forming a "bridge" to link the small size particles
to form the bigger size particles to improve the efficiency of primary sedimentation
tanks.
Preliminary sedimentation tank is specially designed to make the particles to settle
down. According to the design, sludge will be collected to sludge hole and periodically
xii
pumped to sludge tank. Then wastewater will flow into the next tank to perform
biological treatment process (See Figure 0.1).
Figure 0.1. Diagram of wastewater treatment technology of An Phuoc Industrial Zone
(3). Biological treatment methods (an inflatable tank selector + + secondary
sedimentation and disinfection)
After treating at the oil separation tank and primary sedimentation tanks, wastewater
will be treatment by biological methods. Then, wastewater will flow into the selector
tank and led through an aerobic biological tank. Wastewater discharging from aerobic
biological tank will flow through secondary sedimentation tank to remove and dewater
sludge. Then wastewater will pass through the disinfection tank to kill bacteria to
ensure meeting the effluent regulation.
(4). Biological pond
The pond is designed to store the treated wastewater and to make landscaping, to
rescue incidents as needed.
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1.2. Wastewater inputs and outputs standards
The wastewater from enterprises inside the industrial zone is treated to meet national
technical regulation for industrial wastewater QCVN40: 2011/BTNMT, column B
before discharging into the sewer system and connect to An Phuoc IZ wastewater
treatment plant.
Treated wastewater will meet the National Technical Regulation QCVN
40:2011/BTNMT, column A with Kq = 0.9, Kf = 0.9.
II. The impacts on the natural environment, socio-economic conditions and
mitigation measures
The main impacts of the project on the natural environment, socio-economic
development and mitigation measures are summarized in the following table:
Activity Impacts Mitigation Measures of Negative Environmental
Impacts
1. Construction Phase
1.1. Transport -
action of
materials,
equipment and
machinery
1.1.1. Dust
- To use tarpaulin for covering the truck, which
transport building materials while moving on roads;
- To provide protective equipment for workers.
1.1.2. Air
emissions
(CO, SOx,
NOx,
THC…)
To select the construction material’s sources near the
project area;
To regularly inspect and maintain machinery and
equipment.
1.1.3. Noise,
traffic jams To arrange the reasonable unloading/loading time.
1.2. Gathering,
storage and
preservation of
materials
1.2.1. Dust To cover material storage areas, especially areas
containing cement, sand, stone.
1.3. Domestic
activities of
worker on the
construction
Site
1.3.1.
Domestic
wastewater To put the collective trash and classification;
To contract with functional units for collection and
treating;
To use the portable toilets in the construction areas.
1.3.2.
domestic
solid waste
1.4.
Stormwater
runoff
To arrange the temporary drainage during construction phase and to
regularly clean the construction site every working day.
1.5.
Environmental
incidents in the
1.5.1. Work
accidents
To establish the safety team at construction sites;
To issue the safety rules for workers;
To train the safety rules for construction workers.
xiv
Activity Impacts Mitigation Measures of Negative Environmental
Impacts
construction
phase
1.5.2.
Explosion
incident
To apply the standards of fire safety when designing
temporary works;
To develop and promulgate the safety rules for fire
prevention, fire fighting installation of signboards;
To equip with fire fighting facilities;
To organize the inspection and supervision.
2. Operation Phase
2.1.
Transportation
means
2.1.1. Air
emissions,
dust, noise
To make the concrete roads and yard ;
To control the quality of vehicles, to regularly
maintain the transportation means ;
To control the speed of vehicles ;
To plant more trees in the project area.
2.2. Operation
of wastewater
treatment plant
2.2.1. Air
emissions
- To deodorize the wastewater treatment plant
-To transport the sludge and materials to the solid
waste disposal area on appropriate time and to use
special vehicles to avoid odors , dust;
To plant the green trees around the wastewater
treatment plant
2.2.2. Noise,
vibrations
To regularly inspect and maintain machinery,
equipment.
2.2.3.
Industrial
solid wastes
To collect the solid waste of industrial zones and hire
the functional units to dispose ;
To collect sludge and store in the planned place and
sign a contract with the functional units for disposal
2.3. Activities
of officers and
employees
2.3.1.
Domestic
solid waste
To put the garbage collectors and to classify the
domestic solid waste of IZ;
To contract with the functional units for disposal.
To use septic tanks and connect to the wastewater
treatment plant of IZ.
2.3.2.
Domestic
waste water
2.4. Cleaning
and
maintenance of
machinery
2.4.1.
Hazardous
waste, grease
rags
To collect the hazardous waste of IZ and to sign
contracts with the functional units for disposal.
2.5.
Stormwater
runoff
To construct the drainage system and to regularly clean the manholes
and culverts.
2.5.
Environmental
incidents
2.5.1. The
fires,
explosions,
To train workers on fire fighting, explosion and
electrical safety ;
To establish the fire fighting team.
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Activity Impacts Mitigation Measures of Negative Environmental
Impacts
during
operation phase
electrical
incidents
To regularly exercise the fire fighting.
2.5.2. Work
accidents and
occupational
health
- To provide the adequate facilities to ensure the labor
safety;
- To train workers on labor safety and labor safety
instructions before getting work;
- To establish the safety rules for each stage of
production;
- To organize periodical medical examination for
employees.
2.5.3. Risk
related to fuel
leakage
- To strictly follow the regulations during transport,
storage and use;
- To fully equip for vehicles the incident’s response
device;
- To train employees how to rescue when the incident
occurred.
1
INTRODUCTION
1. PROJECT ORIGIN
1.1. General introduction to the sub-project of industrial pollution management
in the Dong Nai, Nhue - Day river basins
In order to effectively implement the control of industrial pollution at the source and to
strengthen the institutional capacity in the implementation of policy measures for
environmental protection, The Government of Vietnam has approved the project
"Industrial Pollution Management in the Dong Nai , Nhue - Day river basins”
(hereinafter referred to as VIPM Project) by World Bank funding.
The project development objective is to improve the performance and compliance with
prescribed industrial wastewater treatment projects in 04 provinces (Ha Nam, Nam
Dinh, Dong Nai and Ba Ria-Vung Tau). This objective will be achieved by
strengthening the institutional environment and enforcing environmental regulations,
surveillance improvement, financial assistance based on preferential loans to increase
wastewater treatment capacity and to enhance compliance with regulations on
environmental protection, to publicize and monitor information and promote
community involvement in Ha Nam and Nam Dinh Provinces located in the Nhue -
Day river basin, and in Dong Nai and Ba Ria - Vung Tau provinces located in the
Dong Nai river basin - the two most polluted river basins in Vietnam.
The criteria for assessing the industrial pollution management include: (a) the
percentage of IPs complying on implementation of wastewater monitoring, (b) the
level of publicization of pollution information; (c) the ratio of the resolved community
complaints, (d) the percentage of fines collected because of non-compliance, and (e)
the ratio of industrial zones complying on wastewater treatment. Accordingly there
will be about 10 industrial zones in four provinces such as Ha Nam, Nam Dinh, Dong
Nai and Ba Ria - Vung Tau to meet the criteria of the project loans for the construction
of the central wastewater treatment plants and expand the existing wastewater
treatment plant to achieve the national environmental standard. Among those, there are
5 IZs in Dong Nai Province to meet the criteria.
The VIPM project will consist of 03 components as follows:
- Component No1: Strengthening institutional capacity and enforcement;
- Component No2: Pilot investment loan to build the central wastewater treatment
plants in the IZs (will be presented in Section 1.5).
- Component No3: Technical support for IZs and support the project implementation
With the objective of strengthening the implementation and monitoring of the
environment, component No1 will have sub-component No1b - the construction of
automatic monitoring stations of water quality (AMSWW). In this sub-project, there
are 17 AMSWW proposed (Table 1.1). Each monitoring station requires land area of
2
50 to 100 m2. Most of this area is owned by the state, so, the relocation and
compensation will be minimized. In some cases, if area permits, sub-component of
AMSWW should have a small lab or security house. Two AMSWW types will be
supported: basic type and extended type. The basic AMSWW will monitor 5 water
quality parameters (i.e. pH/Redox, conductivity, temperature and turbidity). The
extended station will include additional parameters COD/nitrate, NH4+ and total
phosphorus. The information related to monitoring stations in Dong Nai province will
be presented in Figure 0.2.
Figure 0.2. Locations of industrial zones proposed for loans and the water quality
automatic monitoring stations in the Dong Nai River Basin
Component 3 will provide a range of technical assistance to support (a) The IZ
management unit implemented environmental management responsibilities in an
3
effective manner (b) design more suitable for the work of CETPs, (c) accuracy self-
monitoring and timely reporting of activities of the industry. In addition, this
component will support (d) The activities of project management (including
monitoring and evaluation), (e) research related to project implementation, and (f) the
management awareness operation.
1.2. Summary and description of the component No 2 – Central wastewater
treatment plant
Vietnam Environmental Protection Fund (VEPF) is a unit assigned to perform
component No2 - "Pilot investment loan to build the central wastewater treatment
plant in the industrial zones" of VIPM project with a capital budget of 20,473 million
USD.
This component will focus on the infrastructure of industrial pollution management by
providing loans with preferential interest rates for the construction of 10 wastewater
treatment plants.
Currently, the wastewater treatment plants in Dong Nai province proposed for loans
are presented in Table 0.1.
Table 0.1. Central Wastewater Treatment Plants proposed for loans from the VIPM
project
STT Industrial
Zone
Investor Capacity
(m3/day)
The total
investment
(billion
VND)
The loans
(billion
VND)
1 Giang Dien 2
The Industrial Zones
Development Company
9,000 71.0 53.525
2 Nhon Trach 6 Tin Nghia Corporation 7,500 58.7 44.209
3 Nhon Trach 3
- module 2
Tin Nghia Corporation 2,000 22.6 16.943
4 An Phuoc Tin Nghia Corporation 2,000 23.88 17,916
Source: Environmental Management Framework and Society "project management of
industrial pollution in the Dong Nai river, Nhue - Day river basin"
Note: NA – under approval process
1.2. GENERAL INTRODUCTION ABOUT AN PHUOC INDUSTRIAL ZONE
Project of Investment in construction and business of An Phuoc Industrial Zone
infrastructure in Dong Nai Province was allowed to establish by the Prime Minister in
accordance of the Official Letter No. 935/CP-CN on 14 July 2003. On the basis of the
legal document, the People's Committee of Dong Nai Province have issued the
Decision No. 457/QD-UBND on 24 February 2009 on the adjustment of An Phuoc
Industrial Zone Investor and nominated Tin Nghia Corporation as an investor of the
project.
4
On 06 February, adjustments of the detailed construction plan with scale of 1/2000 of
An Phuoc Industrial Zone was officially approved in accordance to the Decision
389/QD-UBND of the People's Committee of Dong Nai Province. An Phuoc Industrial
Zone is planned as multidisciplinary one with unpolluted and clean industries such as:
- Manufacturing food processing, beverage production, coffee production and
processing, agricultural processing, seed treatment, industrial adhesives, production of
pharmaceuticals, medicinal chemical and pharmaceutical, cosmetics, processing wood,
bamboo (except bed, cabinet, table, chair, production of chemicals and chemical
products. not attract fish processing Unprocessed, and chemical production basic;
- Textile, apparel manufacturing, shoe manufacturing and the products made from
leather, manufacture of rubber products (do not use fresh rubber) and plastics,
production of plastics, resins, pigments, industrial processing industries, other
manufacturing, repair, maintenance and installation of machinery and equipment;;
- Production of motor vehicles, agricultural machinery manufacturing, construction
and industrial, production of spare parts for industry textiles, manufacturing of
fabricated metal products, manufacture of non-metallic mineral products and metals,
metals, household appliances, medical equipment , sports equipment and children toys ,
the type of mechanical manufacturing, and assembly;
- Production of electronic products, computer and optical products, production of non-
metallic mineral products, production of electrical equipment, production of electricity,
gas, hot water, steam and air conditioning, battery manufacturing, battery;
- Float glass production, business development, production of building materials and
interior equipment, production of concrete, fresh concrete, decorative production
equipment, furniture, home factory for other products, production of ceramics, glass,
porcelain, crystal;
- Leasing machinery and equipment (without operator) leasing personal and family.
Active labour and service jobs, house cleaning services, building and landscape;
administrative activities, office support and other business support activities other
telecommunications, banking, postal, supply of materials and services, fuel, food
services, public sanitation services, waste treatment, storage facilities, factories for rent.
According to the Decision No. 35/1999/QD-TTg on 03 May, 1999 issued by he Prime
Minister on approving the orientations for urban drainage development of Vietnam by
the year of 2020, industrial zones, export processing zones have to locally treat
industrial wastewater and apply the modern technologies for construction of drainage
and wastewater treatment plant to meet the environmental technical regulations before
discharging into receiving water. The water demand when the IZ fully occupied is
7315 m3/day, wastewater flows down the central wastewater treatment plant is 6000
m3/day (approximately 80% of the supplied water volume).
Currently, An Phuoc Industrial Zone is in the process of infrastructure completion and
promoting the investment in the industrial zone, Tin Nghia Corporation have build the
central wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) Phase 1 in An Phuoc industrial zone with
a capacity of 2,000 m3/day. The capacity is perfectly suited to meet the wastewater
5
treatment requirement when businesses started to invest in industrial zone to ensure all
wastewater generated in the industrial zone to meet the environment regulations before
discharging into the Nuoc Trong canal
1.3. ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION AND GUIDELINES
1.3.1. World Bank Policy on Environmental Assessment
The environmental impact assessment study for the wastewater treatment plant’s
project in An Phuoc industrial zone is designed to evaluate its status with respect to all
applicable World Bank safeguard policies and guidelines. Operational Policy
(OP)/Bank Procedure (BP) 4.01: Environmental Assessment, the project is classified
as a Category A project and therefore requires the completion of full-scale EIA. This
directive describes guidance on Bank’ Policy and procedure for conducting
environmental assessments of proposed projects.
World Bank policies that have additional participation through the project's EIA
process include: OP 4.04 Natural Habitats, OP 4.11 Physical Cultural Resources and
OP 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement detailed instructions on assessment methodologies.
Besides those, the EIA study will follow the applicable International Conventions/
Commissions for which Vietnam is a member (e.g. International Waters, Climate
Change, etc.).
The criteria applied by the EIA General EHS Guidelines: environment, including
emissions and ambient air quality, water quality and waste water environment
surrounding noise management.
Documents related to Component No 2 of the project of industrial pollution
management in the Dong Nai, Nhue Day river basins are as follows:
- Decision No.1932/QD-BTNMT on 12 November 2012 on approving component No2
- Pilot investment loan to build the central wastewater treatment plants in industrial
zones of the project "Industrial Pollution Management in the Dong Nai, Nhue-Day
river basins";
- Decision No.1953/QDBTNMT on 14 November 2012 on establishment of the
Project Management Board of Component No2 - Pilot investment loan to build the
central wastewater treatment plants in the industrial zones of the project "Industrial
Pollution Management of Dong Nai, Nhue-Day river basins";
- Decision No.1196/QDBKHDT on 17 September 2012 of the Minister of Planning
and Investment on approving the feasibility study report on the project “Industrial
Pollution Management of the Dong Nai, Nhue-Day river basins”;
- Decision No.1403/QDBKHDT on 25 October 2012 on amending and supplementing
a number of articles of Decision No. 1196/QDBKHDT;
- Decision No.1205/QDBKHDT on 19 September 2012 on establishment of the
Project Steering Committee for the project “Industrial Pollution Management in the
Dong Nai, Nhue-Day river basins”
- Official Letter No. 13606/BTCQLN on 5 October 2012 on specific lending
6
conditions for the WB Project “Industrial Pollution Management”.
- Loan Agreement (VIPM Project) between the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and the
International Development Association on 24 September 2012 (No. 5175VN).
- Environment and Social Management Framework, The project “Industrial Pollution
Management in the Dong Nai, Nhue-Day river basins, 2012.
1.3.2. Vietnamese Policy on Environmental Assessment
(1).National Environmental Legislation
- Construction Law issued by the National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of
Vietnam on 26 November 2003;
- Fire Prevention and Fire Code issued by the National Assembly of the Socialist
Republic of Vietnam on 29 June 2001;
- Investment Law issued by the National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of
Vietnam on 29 November 2005;
- Law on Environmental Protection issued by the National Assembly of Vietnam on 29
November 2005;
- Law on Chemicals issued by the National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of
Vietnam on 21 November 2007;
- Law on Biodiversity issued by National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of
Vietnam on 13 November 2008;
- Urban Planning Act issued by the National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of
Vietnam on June 17, 2009;
- Law on Water Resources issued by the National Assembly of Socialist Republic of
Vietnam on June 21, 2012.
- Decree No.59/2007/NDTTg dated 09 April 2007 issued by the Prime Minister on the
solid waste management.
- Decree No.29/2008/NDCP dated 14 March 2008 issued by the Government on
industrial zones, export processing zones and economic zones;
- Decree No.29/2011/NDCP dated 18 April 2011 issued by the Government on
strategic environmental assessment, environmental impact assessment, and
environmental protection commitments;
- Decision No.53/2004/QDTTg dated 08 April 2004 issued by the Prime Minister
promulgating the strategic orientation for sustainable development in Vietnam
(Agenda 21);
- Decision No.81/2006/QDTTg dated 14 April 2006 issued by the Prime Minister on
approving the "National Strategy of environmental protection until 2010 with a vision
to 2020 (NSEP)";
- Decision No.851/QDBXD dated 28 May 2004 issued by Ministry of Construction on
the approval of the detailed plan of An Phuoc Industrial Zone, Long Thanh District,
Dong Nai Province;
- Decision No. 27/2004/QDBXD on 09 November 2004 issued by the Ministry of
7
Construction on approval TCXDVN 320 2004 "Hazardous waste landfill - Design
Standards";
- Decision No.21/2005/QDBXD dated 22 July 2005 issued by Ministry of
Construction on promulgating regulations on the notation system drawings in the
construction plans.
- Circular No.19/2008/TTBXD dated 20 November 2008 issued by the Ministry of
Construction on "guiding the formulation, appraisal, approval and management of
construction plan of the industrial zones and economic zones."
- Circular No.08/2009/TTBTNMT dated 15 July 2009 issued by the Ministry of
Natural Resources and Environment on environmental protection regulations of
economic zones, high-tech parks, the industrial zones and industrial clusters ;
- Circular No.01/2011/TTBXD dated 27 January 2011 issued by the Ministry of
Construction guiding the strategic environmental assessment;
- Circular No.26/2011/TTBTNMT dated 18 July 2011 issued by the Ministry of
Natural Resources and Environment on detailing a number of articles of Decree No.
29/2011/NDCP of the Government on the strategic environmental assessment,
environmental impact assessment, environmental protection commitment.
- Circular No.04/2011/TTBTNMT dated 28 December 2011 issued by the Ministry of
Natural Resources and Environment on amending and supplementing some articles of
- Official Letter No.935/CPCN dated 14 July 2003 issued by the Government on the
project of An Phuoc Industrial Zone, Dong Nai province.
(2).Local Environmental Legislations
- Decision No.2253/QD.CT.UBT dated 17 July 2001 issued by the People's
Committee of Dong Nai Province on approval of detailed plan with scale of 1/1000 of
producing building materials industrial clusters in An Phuoc commune, Long Thanh
District, Dong Nai province;
- Decision No.4070/QD.CT.UBT dated 27 October 2003 issued by the People's
Committee of Dong Nai Province on establishment of An Phuoc Industrial Zone;
- Document No.5761/UND-CNN dated 26 July 2007 issued by the People's Committee
of Dong Nai Province on approval for Tin Nghia One Member Limited Company to
establish infrastructure investment procedures at An Phuoc Industrial Zone in An
Phuoc Commune, Long Thanh District;
- Decision No.457/QD-UBND dated 24 February 2009 issued by the People's
Committee of Dong Nai Province on adjusting investor of An Phuoc Industrial Zone in
Decision No4070/QD.CT.UBT on 27 October 2003 of the President of the People's
Committee of Dong Nai province;
- Official Letter No.1650/UBND-CNN dated 09 March 2011 issued by the People's
Committee of Dong Nai Province on approval for Tin Nghia Corporation to study on
adjustment of detailed plans to build the An Phuoc Trade and Residential Area and An
Phuoc Industrial Zone;
- Decision No.389/QDUBND dated 06 February 2012 issued by the People's
Committee of Dong Nai Province on approval of adjustments of detailed construction
8
plan with scale of 1/2000 of An Phuoc Industrial Zone in An Phuoc commune, Long
Thanh district , Dong Nai province;
- Investment license number 47221000959 dated 04 September 2012 issued by the
Dong Nai Industrial Zone Authority for An Phuoc Industrial Park
- Decision No. 110/QD-BTNMT dated 29 January 2013 issued by the Ministry of
Natural Resources and Environment on approval of the environmental impact
assessment report of An Phuoc Industrial Park.
- Certificate No 615/SKHCN-QLC dated 26 April 2013 issued by Department of
Science and Technology Department of Dong Nai Province on evaluation of the waste
water treatment technology of An Phuoc Industrial Park
- Certificate of business registration and tax registration of Tin Nghia Corporation with
enterprise code of 3600283394 on 03 November 2004, 11th (registration change on 30
July 2010).
1.3.3. The environmental standards and regulaions
(1).Water Quality
- QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT - National technical regulation on surface water quality;
- QCVN 09:2008/BTNMT- National technical regulations on groundwater quality;
- QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT - National technical regulation on domestic wastewater
quality;
- QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT- National technical regulations on industrial waste water;
(2). Air Quality
- QCVN 05:2008/BTNMT - Air Quality - National technical regulations on ambient
air quality ;
- QCVN 06:2008/BTNMT - Air quality - Allowable maximum concentration of toxic
substances in the ambient air.
(2).Soil Quality
QCVN 03:2008/BTNMT - National technical regulation on the permissible limits of
heavy metals in the soil;
(3).Solid Waste Management
- TCVN 6696:2009 - Solid waste – Sanitary Landfill- General requirements for the
protection of the environment;
- QCVN 07:2009/BTNMT - The national regulation on classification of hazardous
waste;
- QCVN 25:2009/BTNMT - National technical regulation on wastewater leakage from
solid waste landfills;
(4).Noise and vibration
9
- QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT - National technical regulation on noise;
- QCVN 27:2010/BTNMT - National technical regulation on vibration.
(5).Safety and Occupational Health
Decision No 3733/2002/QD-BYT on 10 October 2002 about applications of 21
standards for safety and health.
1.4. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT METHODS
The methods are applied in the EIA process including:
(1). Statistical Methods:
Collecting and processing data on meteorological, hydrological conditions, socio-
economic development in the project area.
(2).Survey methods, field sampling and laboratory analysis
Defining the parameters of the current state of air quality, water, noise levels in the
project area and surrounding areas.
(i).Survey Method
Field surveys in the project area, including:
- Topographic survey, engineering geology, hydrogeology;
- Hydro-meteorological Survey;
- Survey of production activities of the enterprises in the industrial zone.
Collecting documents on technical infrastructure in the project area, including:
- Survey of the current status of water supply network;
- Survey of the current status of power supply network;
- Survey of the current status of drainage network;
- Survey of the current status of waste water drainage network ;
- Survey of the current status of roads network;
- Survey of the environment status;
- Survey of ambient air quality;
- Survey of groundwater quality;
- Survey of the surface water quality;
- Survey of soil quality;
- Survey of biological resources.
10
(ii).Sampling and analysis methods
Determining the points of measurement, sampling of environmental parameters (status
of air, water, noise, soil, sediment quality, biological resources etc. in the project area
and surrounding region) for the analysis of the environmental quality state in the
project area, which provide the basis for environmental impact assessment.
The method of analysis followed Vietnam standard, regulations and international
standards.
(3).Comparison method
Assessing the impact on the basis of comparison of the analyzed results with the
Vietnam environmental standards/ regulations.
(4).Checklist and matrix method
The method used to establish the relationship between the activities of the project and
the environmental impact.
(5).Rapid assessment method
Estimating the pollution load and concentration of pollutants from project’s activities
in construction and operation phases of the WWTP under the WHO’s pollution factors.
(6).Public consultation method
The method is used in the interview of leaders and local residents in the project area.
1.5. IMPLEMENTATION ORGANIZATION
Tin Nghia Corporation is the agency responsible for implementation of this EIA report
in consultation with the Environmental Technology Centre (ENTEC).
(1).Responsible agency:
TIN NGHIA CORPORATION
- Address: 96 Ha Huy Giap, Quyet Thang Ward, Bien Hoa City, Dong Nai Province.
- Tel: 061.3824369 - 3822486 Fax: 061.3823747
- Representative: Quach Van Duc
- Position: General Director
11
(2).Consulting agency
ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY CENTRE (ENTEC).
- Address: 439A9 Phan Van Tri, Ward 5, Go Vap Dist., Ho Chi Minh City.
- Tel: 08. 39850540 Fax: 08. 39850541.
- Representative: Ass. Prof. Phung Chi Sy.
- Position: Acting Director.
Members directly involved in the EIA report preparation include:
Table 0.2. Members directly involved in the EIA report preparation
No Full name Position / expertise Organization
01 Vu Van Luyen An Phuoc IZ Director Tin Nghia Corporation
02 Cao Xuan Thuy Staff Tin Nghia Corporation
03 Phung Chí Sy
Ass.Prof.Dr. of
Environmental Science and
Technology.
ENTEC
04 Vu Thanh Nam Master of Environmental
Science.
ENTEC
05 Phạm Mai Duy Thong Master of Environmental
Science.
ENTEC
06 Vo Nhat Tan Bachelor of Environmental
Science
ENTEC
07 Le Thanh Trang Master of Environmental
Science.
ENTEC
08 Truong Anh Đuc Bachelor of Chemical
analysis
ENTEC
09 Tran Ngoc Thanh Bachelor of Environmental
Science
ENTEC
10 Nguyen Thị Thu Mien Bachelor of Chemical
analysis
ENTEC
During the EIA report preparation, the project owner have received the guidance and
assistance of the following agencies:
- Department of Natural Resources and Environment of Dong Nai Province;
- People Committee and Fatherland Front Union of An Phuoc commune, Long Thanh
district, Dong Nai province.
12
CHAPTER 1 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT
1.1. PROJECT OWNER
TIN NGHIA CORPORATION
- Address: 96 Ha Huy Giap, Quyet Thang Dist. Bien Hoa City, Dong Nai Province.
- Tel: 061.3824369 - 3822486 Fax: 061.3823747
- Representative: Quach Van Duc
- Position: General Director
Tin Nghia Corporation was founded in 1989, after more than 23 years of development
Tin Nghia Corporation is a large corporation in Dong Nai province with 17
subsidiaries (50% contribution), 13 of joint ventures (50% contribution), annual sales
reached 8.000 billion and UNDP have voted as one of 200 largest enterprises in
Vietnam.
Besides, Tin Nghia Corporation is a company with many years experience in the
industrial development, especially in the industrial zones waste water treatment. Up to
now, Tin Nghia Corporation is investing in development of 08 industrial zones with a
total area of 3,518 ha, including Nhon Trach 3, Ong Keo, Tan Phu, Nhon Trach 6,
Tam Phuoc, Bau Xeo, Dat Do and An Phuoc IZs. Currently, these industrial zones are
efficiently operating and exploiting, especially the industrial zone’s wastewater
treatment plants are operating with very good handling performance and always
ensuring the effluent quality standards to meet the regulations before discharging into
the receiving water bodies. In addition, during operation Tin Nghia Corporation
always comply with the laws and regulations and is one of the leading enterprises in
environmental protection and sustainable development. So, Tin Nghia Corporation
have full sufficient experience and capacity to implement the project.
During construction of the central wastewater treatment plant of An Phuoc IZ, Tin
Nghia Corporation has collaborated with Koastal Industries Company Pte., Ltd. In
consulting, design and construction. Koastal Industries Company Pte., Ltd. and its
subsidiary in Vietnam- Koastal Eco Industries have performed more than 500
wastewater treatment facilities in Asia Therefore, Koastal Industries Pte., Ltd.
Company is fully qualified to advise, design and construct the wastewater treatment
plant for An Phuoc IZ
1.2. PROJECT LOCATION
(1).An Phuoc IZ Location
An Phuoc IZ has a total area of 200.85 hectares, is planning to build in village 8, An
Phuoc commune, Long Thanh district, Dong Nai province (See Figure 1.1).
13
Geographic coordinates: the project location from coordinates (413459.86,
1199912.41) to coordinates (412241.42, 1197901.71).
Figure 1.1. Location map of An Phuoc Industrial Zone
The boundary of the project is as follows:
- North and Northwest: Adjacent to the Nuoc Trong stream
- East: Next to Tam Phuoc - An Loc road;
- West: Next to An Phuoc commercial and residential areas.
- South: Adjacent to the military airport and Long Duc Industrial Zone.
(2).Location of Central Wastewater Treatment Plant at An Phuoc IZ
An Phuoc IZ
14
Geographic coordinates: the project location from coordinates (413459.86,
1199912.41) to coordinates (412241.42, 1197901.71) (See Figure 1.2).
The CETP site is located lowest area in the An Phuoc, so the wastewater automatically
collected into the CETP without pump equipment. Otherwise, this location border and
nearest between IZ and Nuoc Trong stream. It is the reason why the location is
selected.
The boundary of the project is as follows:
- North: Adjacent to the Nuoc Trong stream;
- East: Next to internal roads of the IZ;
- West: Next to internal roads of the IZ
- South: Adjoining to vacant land.
Figure 1.2. Location map of the wastewater treatment plant at An Phuoc Industrial
Zone
(3) CETP service area of An Phuoc IZ The IZD plan to construct the CETP with capacity of 6,000 m3/day, classify to 03 modules
with capactiy of 2,000 m3/day for each. The figure shows three service areas:
- CETP module 1 serves for red area (phase 1 of IZ);
- CETP module 2 serves for yellow area (phase 2 of IZ);
- CETP module 3 serves for blue area (phase 3 of IZ)
Location diagram of
WWTP
15
1.3. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT ACTVITIES
1.3.1. Objectives of construction of wastewater treatment plant at An Phuoc IZ
Objectives of construction of the wastewater treatment plant in An Phuoc Industrial
Zone are as follows:
- Construction of the wastewater treatment plant to collect and treat all waste waters
arising during the production of the enterprises in the industrial zones, to ensure the
quality of treated waste water to meet the regulation QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT,
Column A, and to prevent and minimize the negative impacts to the surrounding
environment;
- An Phuoc IZ wastewater treatment plant - Phase 1 meets the discharge capacity of
the enterprises inside the industrial zones;
- Stable operation of the wastewater treatment plant in strict accordance with the
technology sequence to ensure the current environmental regulations, to help
protecting the environment;
- Location of construction of the wastewater treatment plant must conform to the
general plan of IZ and facilitate the connections between the different stages in the
future.
Nuoc Trong Stream
Discharge point
Service area of CETP module 1
Service area of CETP module 1
Service area of CETP module 1
16
1.3.2. Requirement on input and output of waste water treatment plant
(1). List of industrial establishments, wastewater capability at the sources before
connecting to the Central WWTP
Currently, An Phuoc IZ has 02 enterprises leased land, which are in the period of
installation, construction, not in operation. The total area of occupied land is 11 ha,
equivalent to 5.78% of total area of IZ. In addition to 02 constructing enterprises, other
enterprises, when investing in An Phuoc IZ must commit in writing form to carry out
the installation of preliminary wastewater treatment facilities to ensure outlet
wastewater quality to meet QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT, column B before connecting to
the central wastewater treatment plant of An Phuoc IZ. Then An Phuoc IZ will
continue treating to meet QCVN40: 2011/BTNMT, column A before discharging into
the receiving water body. List of enterprises, which have signed contracts for land
leases in An Phuoc IZ by May 14, 2013 is presented in table 1.1.
Table 1.1. The enterprises has leased land in An Phuoc IZ
No Name investor lease
land / factory
National Leasing
Area
(ha)
The
lease
duration
The Products
field
production
1 Vinh Cuong Company
Limited Viet Nam 6 50
Coffee
2 Neumann Gruppe
Vietnam Company
Limited
Japan 5 50
Coffee
Source: An Phuoc IZ Management Board-Tin Nghia Corporation, June, 2013.
(2).Inputs wastewater requirement
The wastewaters from enterprises in An Phuoc IZ have to meet the input requirement
(i.e. QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT, column B) before discharging into the drainage system
and connecting to the central wastewater treatment plant.
(3).Outlet wastewater standards
Wastewater have to be treated to meet the National Technical Regulation on industrial
wastewater QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT, column A with Kq = 0.9, Kf = 0.9 . Kq and Kf
factors are selected as follows:
- Receiving water body of the treated wastewater is Nuoc Trong streams with Kq =
0.9;
- Flow coefficient (Kf) is chosen as presented in table 1.2.
Table 1.2. Coefficient Kf regulated in QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT
Waste flow (F)
Unit: cubic meters/day (m3/24h) Coefficient Kf
17
F ≤ 50 1.2
50 < F ≤ 500 1.1
500 < F ≤ 5.000 1.0
F > 5.000 0.9
For safety of the design work, coefficient Kf = 0.9 is selected. The quality of the
treated wastewater have to comply with the regulations, which is presented in table 1.3.
Table 1.3. Pretreatment input and output requirements on the quality of wastewater
No Parameters Unit Input Output
Treatment
Efficiency
(%)
1 Temperature 0C 40 40
2 The color (pH = 7) Co – Pt 50 50
3 pH - 5-10 6 - 9
4 COD mg/l 500 61 88
5 BOD5 (200C) mg/l 300 24 92
6 TSS mg/l 150 41 73
7 Arsenic mg/l 0,0405 0.04
8 Mercury mg/l 0,00405 0.004
9 Lead mg/l 0,081 0.08
10 Cadmium mg/l 0,0405 0.04
11 Chrome (VI) mg/l 0,0405 0.04
12 Chrome (III) mg/l 0,162 0.16
13 Copper mg/l 1,62 1.62
14 Zinc mg/l 2,43 2.43
15 Niken mg/l 0,162 0.16
16 Manganese mg/l 0,405 0.4
17 Iron mg/l 0,81 0.81
18 Cyanide mg/l 0,0567 0.05
19 Phenol mg/l 0,081 0.08
20 Mineral oil mg/l 20 4 80
21 Sulfide mg/l 3,0 0.16 95
22 Fluoride mg/l 4,05 4
23 Ammonia(by nitrogen) mg/l 20 4 80
24 Total Nitrogen mg/l 40 16.2 60
25 Total phosphorus mg/l 8 3.24 60
18
No Parameters Unit Input Output
Treatment
Efficiency
(%)
26 Chloride mg/l 800 405 49
27 Chlorine residue mg/l 2,42 0.81 67
28
Plant protection
chemicals: organic
Phosphorus
mg/l 0,0405 0.24
29
Plant protection
chemicals: organic
chlorine
mg/l 0,243 0.04
30 PCBs mg/l 0,00243 0.002
31 Coliform MPN/100ml KGH 3000 -
32 Total radioactivity α Bq/l 0,1 0.1
33 Total radioactivity β Bq/l 1,0 1.0
1.3.3. Drainage and wastewater collection system
Currently, construction of the entire waste water drainage system and rain water
drainage of An Phuoc industrial zone was generally completed. Wastewater drainage
system of IZ were completely separated from the rainwater drainage system.
Specifically, it is presented as follows:
(1).Rainwater drainage system
Rainwater drainage system was built along two sides of internal roads with manholes,
solid waste screeners, storm water naturally filtered and test wells. The manholes will
be periodically dredged. Sludge, sediments are collected and signed the contracts with
functional units to periodically transport and dispose.
(2).Wastewater drainage System
- Wastewater drainage systems including sewage culverts and technical wells has the
function to collect wastewaters and led to the central wastewater treatment plant.
Culvert system is arranged by terrain slope to the treatment plant in the planned
western area. Culverts are designed with diameter of ∅ 300mm-∅500mm and
minimum depth of 0.7 m (from the ground to the top of the culvert). Technical wells
with minimum size of 600mm are arranged along the sewer line with the normative
distances;
- The Central Wastewater Treatment Plant of An Phuoc IZ:
− The wastewater treatment plant is placed in the technical infrastructure area in the
planned western area;
+ Treatment capacity is estimated at 6,000 m3/day;
+ Planned area for construction of the central wastewater treatment plant is 1ha
and minimum isolation distance to the residental areas outside the IZ is 30m;
19
+ The central wastewater treatment plant receive waste waters discharged from
enterprises in the industrial zones, which have to meet the requirement for
connecting to the central wastewater treatment plant of An Phuoc IZ (QCVN
40:2011/BTNMT, column B).
+ Wastewater treated at the central wastewater treatment plant have to meet the
regulation QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT, column A before discharging into the
Nuoc Trong stream.
- Methods of collection and treatment of wastewater: wastewaters discharged from
enterprises will be connected to the central wastewater treatment plant of An Phuoc IZ.
The project owner will issue the requirement on the limited concentrations of
pollutants for the enterprises to connect into the central wastewater treatment plant of
An Phuoc IZ. If the concentrations are higher than the limits, enterprises must apply
pre-treatment measures before connecting to the general collection system of IZ.
- Currently, the entire system of wastewater collection have been completely
constructed by Tin Nghia Corporation.
Diagram of wastewater collection to the IZ’s wastewater treatment plant is presented
in figure 1.3.
Figure 1.3. Diagram of wastewater collection to the IZ’s CETP
1.3.4. Description of wastewater treatment technologies
(1).Wastewater treatment technology process
Wastewater treatment technology process consists of 3 stages, as follows:
(i).Mechanical treatment (pit pumps, oil separation tank, and an air conditioning)
Wastewater from these factories in the industrial zone will be collected into the pump
pit of the treatment plant. Before flowing to the pump pit, the garbage, twigs etc, with
size of > 10mm is separated by automatic garbage separation equipment from waste
water. Then the wastewater is pumped into the oil separation tank. Before flowing the
oil separation tank, the fine garbage with size of > 5 mm is separated by garbage filters
An oil separation tank have following advantages:
Wastewater from
tenants CETP of IZ
Receiving
body
Treatment at
the sources
20
- To prevent the abrasion of pumping motors in the successive treatment works;
- To prevent the strange substance in biological treatment tank which can cause
agglomeration into the solids floating in biological tank, which leads to less efficient
treatment system.
Wastewater after sludge separation flows into the oil separation tank in order to
remove floating oil and suspended solid particles with less density than wastewater.
The components will be collected by the automatical oil collection device, which is
capable to adjust to ensure the high level of oil removal efficiency. The collected oil
will be stored in the oil tank to handover for the functional units. Also the oil
remaining after passing through the oil separation tank will be further removed in
primary sedimentation tanks behind. Then wastewater will flow into the conditioning
tank.
Balancing tank is designed with sufficient retention time to ensure the flow and
pollution concentration equalizing, therefore, fluctuations in the composition of
wastewater before going into the process units behind should be significantly reduced.
During the peak hours, excess flow will be kept in the balancing tank. In addition, the
balancing tank also has some advantages such as figure 1.4.
- To ensure the continuity of the system;
- To control the high toxic substances;
- To relatively deodorize.
This tank may also use as storage one when the system stops for repair or maintenance.
In balancing tank, the air distribution pipe system is arranged to well regulate the
wastewater load and to avoid the sedimentation process in the tank. The wastewater is
then pumped to the physico-chemical treatment system.
21
Figure 1.4. Diagram of wastewater treatment technology of An Phuoc Industrial Zone
(ii).Physicochemical treatment (Coagulated tank, flocculation and primary
sedimentation tanks)
During this treatment period, if the inlet wastewater concentration of the treatment
plant meet the effluent regulation QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT, column B, the physico-
chemical treatment process do not operate. At that time, waste water from balancing
tank is pumped through the system without dosing of chemicals. In the emergency
cases the chemical dosing and mixing stirs will be operated. The substances, which
can be removed from the wastewaters due to physico-chemical treatment are as
follows: COD, SS, heavy metal compounds and colloids in wastewater. Since COD
22
and suspended solids concentrations are decreased, the concentration of BOD are also
decreased in the treatment process.
At the coagulation tank, coagulants are added to mix with wastewater. Coagulation
help to destabilize the sediment particles (glue) and stimulate them to stick with the
other suspended sediment to form larger scale particles (polymer). At coagulation tank,
chemicals stimulate the flocculation process to form the larger scale particles, which
are mixed with wastewater. Polymer have the effect forming a "bridge" to link the
small size particles to form the bigger size particles to improve the efficiency of
primary sedimentation tanks behind.
Preliminary sedimentation tanks is specially designed, which create the static media
for settlement of the solid particles. The design of the scraping sludge system helps
automatically collect sludge into sludge containing pit and excess sludge is pumped
periodically to the sludge storage tank.
The wastewater is flowing into next tanks to perform further biological treatment
process.
(iii). Treated with biological methods (selector tank + inflatable tank + secondary
sedimentation and disinfection tank)
After pre-treatment process in oil separation tank and primary sedimentation tank,
wastewater will be treated by biological methods. Wastewater from primary
sedimentation tank will flow into the selector tank. In normal conditions, this tank has
the function of removing the filamentous bacteria that causes obstacles for deposition
of activated sludge. In the case the nitrogen concentration in the inlet wastewater is
higher than the design value, function of the selector tank will be transferred to the
anoxic tank, at which oxygen is appropriately adjusted through the adjustment of air
valve to control anoxic condition for denitrification.
In aerobic biological tank, aerobic bacteria (activated sludge) decompose organic
matter (mainly, dissolved organic matter). Oxygen tank is provided in order to
facilitate the process of decomposition of organic matter through the surface aerator,
which is properly installed on the tank. After the biological treatment process, the
majority of organic matter in the wastewater is removed. Wastewater leaving aerobic
biological tank will led through the secondary sedimentation tank to conduct sludge
dewatering process.
Mixture of sludge and wastewater leaving the aerobic biological tank are overflowed
into a rectangular tank to conduct sludge dewatering process. Biological sludge will
settle at the bottom of the secondary sedimentation tank, then collected in sludge
storage tank with brushed device. A defined amount of biological sludge (activated
sludge) is recycled to selector tank to maintain the appropriate amount of sludge in
aerotank. Periodically, excess sludge in pit is pumped to the sludge compression tank
to conduct dewatering process. Wastewater after sludge separation in the
sedimentation tank is led through the disinfection tank .
23
At disinfection tank, wastewater will be mixed with a disinfectant offered by
automatical disinfectant injection system to destroy the bacteria to meet the discharge
standards and regulations.
(iv).Ecological pond
The pond pays roles of treated wastewater storage as well as landscaping, pool rescue
incidents as needed
(2).The main items of the central WWTP
Currently, WWTP of An Phuoc Industrial Zone was built and installed almost
completely. WWTP is only installed with some equipment and test operating system
before officially going into operation. The works and the equipment of WWTP
including:
(3).The construction items
(i).Pump pit (TK01)
- Dimensions (DxRxSxC): 8200x7600x2000x4500;
- Quantity: 01;
- Total area: 62.320 m2;
- Nails, walls, floors made of reinforced concrete. Inside coated by epoxy anti-
corrosion paint.
(ii).Oil separated tank (TK02)
- Dimensions (DxRxSxC): 7000x1800x4700x5000;
- Quantity: 01;
- Total area: 12.600 m2;
- Nails, walls, floors made of reinforced concrete. Inside coated by epoxy anti-
corrosion paint. .
(iii).Regulate tank (TK03)
- Dimensions (DxRxSxC): 22400x7000x4600x5000;
- Quantity: 01;
- Total area: 156.800 m2;
- Nails, walls, floors made of reinforced concrete. Inside coated by epoxy anti-
corrosion paint.
(iv).Coagulated Tank (TK04)
- Dimensions (DxRxSxC): 3000x1300x3700x4000;
- Quantity: 01;
24
- Total area: 3.900 m2;
- Nails, walls, floors made of reinforced concrete. Inside coated by epoxy anti-
corrosion paint.
(v).Flocculation Tank (TK05)
- Dimensions (DxRxSxC): 3200x3000x3700x4000;
- Quantity: 01;
- Total area: 9.600 m2;
Nails, walls, floors made of reinforced concrete. Inside coated by epoxy anti-corrosion
paint.
(vi).Primary sedimentation Tank (TK06)
- Dimensions (DxRxSxC): 16700x4500x2500x3000
- Quantity: 01
- Total area : 75.150 m2
- Nails, walls, floors made of reinforced concrete. Inside coated by epoxy anti-
corrosion paint.
(vii).Selector tank (TK07A/B)
- Dimensions (DxRxSxC): 6100x3200x4600x5000;
- Quantity: 02;
- Total area : 39.040 m2;
Nails, walls, floors made of reinforced concrete. Inside coated by epoxy anti-corrosion
paint.
(viii). Air blowing Tank (TK08A/B)
- Dimensions (DxRxSxC): 21000x6100x4600x5000;
- Quantity: 02;
- Total area : 256.200 m2;
Nails, walls, floors made of reinforced concrete. Inside coated by epoxy anti-corrosion
paint.
(ix). Air blowing Tank (TK09)
- Dimensions (DxRxSxC): 22100x8400x2500x3000
- Quantity: 01
- Total area: 185.640 m2
Nails, walls, floors made of reinforced concrete. Inside coated by epoxy anti-corrosion
paint.
25
(x).Disinfect tank (TK10)
- Dimensions (DxRxSxC): 8400x2100x2500x3000;
- Quantity: 01;
- Total area: 17.640 m2;
Nails, walls, floors made of reinforced concrete. Inside coated by epoxy anti-corrosion
paint.
(xi).Sludge tank (TK11)
- Dimensions (DxRxSxC): 4500x4500x3700x4000;
- Quantity: 01;
- Total area: 20.25 m2;
Nails, walls, floors made of reinforced concrete. Inside coated by epoxy anti-corrosion
paint.
(xii).Biological lakes (TK12)
- Dimensions (DxRxC): 102900x36200x1700;
- Quantity: 01;
-Total area: 3724.980 m2;
- Building rubble crater, the bottom, the panels cover 1,500 mm thick HDPE.
(xiii).The operator (N01, N02, N03, N04, N05)
- Dimensions (DxRxC): 17300x5500x5500;
- Quantity: 01;
- Total area: 95.150 m2;
- Concrete nails. Brick wall. Trusses, purling steel. Tin roof.
(xiv).Guardhouse (N06)
- Dimensions (DxRxC): 4000x4000x5100;
- Quantity: 01;
- Total area: 16.000 m2;
- Concrete nails. Brick wall. Trusses, purlins steel. Tin roof.
(xv).Garage (N07);
- Dimensions (DxRxC): 9000x5000x3830;
- Quantity: 01;
- Total area: 45.000 m2;
- Concrete nails. Brick wall. Trusses, purlins steel. Tin roof.
26
(xvi).Chemicals house & sludge dewateringN08, N09)
- Dimensions (DxRxC): 15900x6000x4192;
- Quantity: 01;
- Total area: 95.400 m2;
- Concrete nails. Brick wall. Trusses, purlins steel. Tin roof.
(xvii).Operation Sidewalks:
-Volume: 135 m2;
- Soil compaction, concrete.
(xviii).Internal roads:
- Volume: 280 m2;
- Soil compaction, concrete.
(xix).Fence:
- Volume: 428 m;
- Pile reinforced concrete, brick wall paint, bars at.
(4).Equipment and machinery
The machinery and equipment of An Phuoc Industrial Zone WWTP is presented as
follows:
Table 1.4. The machinery and equipment of An Phuoc Industrial Zone WWTP
No EQUIPMENT SPECIFICATIONS ORIGIN UNIT QUALIT
Y
A Pit pump
1 Wastewater pump
Type: Submersible
Pumps
Discharge: 84 m3/h
Pressure column : 10m
The electric power:
6kW/ 400V/3pha/50Hz
Automatically Coupling
Ailen Pcs
(2hđ) 2
2 Coarse garbage
screening
Type: Automatic
Slot size: 10mm
Capacity: 2.000 m3/day
Material: SS304
Viet Nam Pcs
(1hđ) 1
3 Garbage bins Material: PVC, 100 l Viet Nam Pcs
(2hđ) 2
27
No EQUIPMENT SPECIFICATIONS ORIGIN UNIT QUALIT
Y
4 The water level
switch
Type: hydrostatic
pressure
Scale: 0-6 mH2O
Cable length: 25m
Protection against fire
and explosion
Degree of
protection:IP68
(Junction box)
EU Pcs 1
5 Fade van Material : SUS304,
Rubber Gasket Viet Nam
Pcs
(1hđ) 1
B Grease, oil
separator tank
1 Fine garbage
screening
Type: automatic
Slot size: 2mm
Capacity: 2.000 m3/day
(170 m3/hr)
Material: SS304
Viet Nam Pcs
(1hđ) 1
2 Floating oil
containers Material: PVC, 200 l Viet Nam
Pcs
(2hđ) 2
3 Oil agitator
Type: automatic
Capacity: 0.37kW
Material: SS304 and
synthetic resins
Viet Nam Pcs
(1hđ) 1
C Equalization tank
1 Air Blower
Type: Root
Discharge: 5.7
m3/minute, H = 5 m,
H2O
Electric capacity: 7.5
kw, 3 phase, 380V,
50Hz.
Japan
Pcs
(1hđ,
1dp)
2
2 Harsh gas
distribution system
Material: SUS304
perforated Viet Nam
System
(1hđ) 1
3 The water level
switch
Type: hydrostatic
pressure
Scale: 0-6 mH2O
Cable length: 25m
Protection against fire
and explosion
Degree of protection:
IP68
(Junction box)
EU Pcs 1
28
No EQUIPMENT SPECIFICATIONS ORIGIN UNIT QUALIT
Y
4 Discharge Gauges
Electronic Equipment
Flowmeters
DN: 100mm
EU Pcs
(1hđ) 1
5 Inverter Capacity: 2.9kW EU Pcs 2
6 Wastewater pump
Type: submersible
Pumps
Discharge: 84 m3/h
Pressure column : 8 m
The electric power:
2.9kW/ 400V/
3phase/50Hz
Automatically Coupling
Ailen
Pcs
(1hđ,
1dp)
2
D Flocculation Tank
1 Agitator
a). Motor reduces speeds
Type: flanges - vertical
mount;
The speed of the shaft:
100-150rpm;
Capacity motor: 1.5kW,
380V/ 3m/50Hz
b). Paddle and shaft;
Material SS304
a/ Motor
reduces
speeds :
Italia
b/ Paddle
and shaft:
SS304
Viet
Nam
Pcs
(1hđ) 1
2 pH meter Scale: 0 – 14 pH Italia Pcs
(1hđ) 1
3 Acid tank Volume: 3 m3
Material : FRP Viet Nam
Pcs
(1hđ) 1
4 Hydroxide sodium
Tanks
Volume: 3 m3
Material : FRP Viet Nam
Pcs
(1hđ) 1
5 Sodium Hydroxide
Tanks
Volume: 1.5 m3
Material : FRP Viet Nam
Pcs
(1hđ) 1
6 Acid metering pump
Type: diaphragm pumps
Capacity: 150l/h,
Pressure column : 5bar
The electric power:
0.18KW, 3 phases,
380V, 50Hz
The pump head: PVC
Italia Pcs
(1hđ) 1
29
No EQUIPMENT SPECIFICATIONS ORIGIN UNIT QUALIT
Y
7 Hydroxide sodium
metering pump
Type: diaphragm pumps
Capacity: 150l/h,
Pressure column : 5bar
The electric power:
0.18KW, 3 phases,
380V, 50Hz
The pump head: PVC
Italia Pcs
(1hđ) 1
8 Alum metering
pump
Type: diaphragm pumps
Capacity: 150l/h,
Pressure column : 5bar
The electric power:
0.18KW, 3 phases,
380V, 50Hz
The pump head: PVC
Italia
Pcs
(1hđ,1
dp)
2
9 Alum agitator
The rotational speed:
100 -150 rpm The
electric power: 1.1kW,
3phase, 380V, 50Hz
Brand & stirrer shaft:
KEI/Viet Nam
Material: SS304
Italia Pcs
(1hđ) 1
E. Flocculation Tank
1 Agitator
a/ Motor reduces speeds
Type: flanges - vertical
mount;
The speed of the shaft: :
50-75rpm
Capacity motor: 1.5kW,
380V/ 3m/50Hz
b/ Paddle and shaft;
Material SS304
a/ Motor
reduces
speeds:
Italia
b/ Paddle
and shaft:
Viet Nam
Pcs
(1hđ) 1
2 Polymers tank Volume: 1.5 m3
Material : FRP Viet Nam
Pcs
(1hđ) 1
3 Polymer metering
pump
Type: diaphragm pumps
Capacity: 150l/h,
Pressure column : 5bar
The electric power:
0.18KW, 3 phases,
380V, 50Hz
The pump head: PVC
Italia
Pcs
(1hđ,1
dp)
2
30
No EQUIPMENT SPECIFICATIONS ORIGIN UNIT QUALIT
Y
4 Polymer mixing
equipment
The rotational speed:
150 -200 rpm
The electric power:
1.1kW, 3pha, 400V,
50Hz
Paddle and shaft:
SUS304
label: KEI/Vietnam
Italia Pcs
(1hđ) 1
F.
Primary
sedimentation
Tank
1 Sludge brushed
equipment
Motor: The electric
power: 0.37kW, 3pha,
400V, 50Hz
Axis & Sludge Rotary:
SUS304 & galvanized
iron
- Motor :
Italia
- Axis &
Sludge
Rotary:
Viet Nam
Pcs
(1hđ) 1
2 Gutters collect
water, foam barrier Material: SS304 Viet Nam
Set
(1hđ) 1
3 Balance sludge
pumps
Type: Submersible
Pumps
Discharge: 11 m3/h
Pressure column : 8 m
The electric power:
1.2kW/
400V/3phase/50Hz
Automatically Coupling
Ailen
Pcs
(1hđ,
1dp)
2
G. Selector tank
1 Disk gas distribution
Type : Fine bubbles
Discharge each plate: Q
= 12 m3/hr
Diameter: 12 inch
USA Pcs 16
H. Aeration tank
1 Air Blower
Type: Root
Discharge: 22 m3/m, H =
5 mH2O
Capacity: 30 kw, 3
phase, 380V, 50Hz/4
pole
Japan
Pcs
(1hđ,
1dp)
2
31
No EQUIPMENT SPECIFICATIONS ORIGIN UNIT QUALIT
Y
2
Measuring device
DO (02 sensor and
01 Due transmitter)
a). Remote Display -
Transmitter
Attach the two sensors
simultaneously
Display measured value,
temperature and other
parameters
on the liquid crystal
display 160x240 pixels
Output signal: two
signal ports 0/4-20mA
Power source: 220Vac
b). Sensor
Type : LDO
(Luminescent Dissolved
Oxygen)
Method of measurement:
continuous
measurement,
Scale: 0-20mg / l, 200%
oxygen saturation
Accuracy: + / - 0.2%
Sensitivity: 0.5%
Dedicated to
environmental
wastewater
Japan Set 1
3 Inverter Capacity: 30 Kw EU Pcs 2
4 Disk smooth gas
distribution
Type: fine bubbles
Discharge per plate: Q =
12 m3/hr
Diameter: 12 inches
USA Pcs 120
I. Secondary
sedimentation tank
1 Residue Disposal
Equipment
Motor: The electric
power: 0.55kw, 3phase,
400V, 50Hz
Axis & Sludge Rotary:
SUS304 & galvanized
iron
Motor:
Italy
Axis &
Sludge
Rotary:
Vietnam
Pcs
(1hđ) 1
2 Gutters collect
water, foam barrier Material: SS304 Viet Nam
Set
(1hđ) 1
32
No EQUIPMENT SPECIFICATIONS ORIGIN UNIT QUALIT
Y
3 Waste mud Pumps
Type: Submersible
Pumps
Discharge: 84 m3 / h
Pressure column: 8m
The electric power:
2.9kW /
400V/3phase/50Hz
Automatically Coupling
Ailen
Pcs
(1hđ,
1dp)
2
J. Disinfection tank
1 NaOCl Tank Volume: 3.0m3
Material: FRP Viet Nam
Pcs
(1hđ) 1
2 NaOCl metering
pump
Type: diaphragm pump
Capacity: 49l / h,
Pressure column: 5 bar
The electric power:
0.18KW, 3 phases,
380V, 50Hz
The pump head: PVC
Italia
Pcs
(1hđ,1
dp)
2
6 Discharge Gauges
Flow meter in open
ditches
Type: automatic-
automatic measuring
device for open ditches
with Discharge
Discharge: 0 ~ 10,000
m3/day. night-deviation:
<1% of measuring
range-LCD screen,
which displays
instantaneous and
discharge
Britain/
Germany
Pcs
(1hđ) 1
K. Compressed sludge
tank
1 Sludge residue
disposal Equipment
Motor: The electric
power: 0.25kW, 3phase,
400V, 50Hz
Axis & Sludge Rotary:
SUS304 & galvanized
iron
Motor:
Italy
Axis &
Sludge
Rotary:
Vietnam
Pcs
(1hđ) 1
33
No EQUIPMENT SPECIFICATIONS ORIGIN UNIT QUALIT
Y
2 Sludge pumps to
sludge dewatering
Type: Screw Sludge
Discharge: 0-4 m3/h,
Pressure column: 3 bar
The electric power: 1.5
kW, 3phase, 400V,
50Hz
Italia Pcs
(1hđ) 1
3 Solenoid Valve
Type: Solenoid Valve
Diameter: DN50
Material: cast iron body,
stainless steel wing
Switzerla
nd
Pcs
(1hđ) 1
L. Sludge dewatering
system
1 Sludge presses
Type: sludge dewatering
belt
Capacity: 1.8-3.7m3 / h
Body: SUS304
Conveyors: PES
Conveyor width:
1000mm
Controller mounted on
the machine
The electric power: 0.5
HP
Taiwan Pcs
(1hđ) 1
2 Wash water pump
Type: horizontal shaft
pump
Discharge: 2.9 m3 / h,
Pressure column: 50.4m
The electric power:
1.5KW, 3phase, 400V,
50Hz
Casing & impeller: Cast
iron Shaft: SUS304
Italia Pcs
(1hđ) 1
3 Air Compressors
The electric power: 0.5
HP, 1 phase, 380V,
50Hz
Viet Nam Pcs
(1hđ) 1
4 Polymer tank Volume: 1.5m3
Material: FRP Viet Nam
Pcs
(1hđ) 1
5 Clean water Tanks Volume: 1.0m3
Material : PVC Viet Nam
Pcs
(1hđ) 1
34
No EQUIPMENT SPECIFICATIONS ORIGIN UNIT QUALIT
Y
6 Polymer metering
pump
Type: Diaphragm
Capacity: 150L / h,
Pressure column: 5bar
The electric power:
0.18KW, 3 phases,
380V, 50Hz
The pump head: PVC
Italia Pcs
(1hđ) 1
7 Polymer mixing
equipment
Motor:
Speed dial: 150 -200
rpm
The electric power:
1.1kw 3phase, 400V,
50Hz
Axis & paddle:
Material & paddle shaft:
SS304
Motor:
Italy
Axis &
mud
vane:
Vietnam
Pcs
(1hđ) 1
8 Sludge container Material: SS Viet Nam Pcs
(1hđ) 1
M. Meeting room
1 Air-Conditioning Capacity: 1Hp
Vietnam /
Foreign
Import
Set 1
N. Operating Room
1 Electrical cabinets
PLC
PLC controller:
Switches:
Brand: Schneider
Origin: Schneider
Enclosures: powder
coated steel
Origin: Vietnam
EU Set 1
2 SCADA System
Hardware (computers,
printers)
Brand: Dell / Hp
The move signals:
Software: Visual Basic
Viet
Nam/
Imported
Set 1
3 Air conditioner Capacity: 2Hp Viet Nam
/Imported Set 1
O. Transformers
1 Transformer Capacity: 160 KVA Viet Nam Set 1
35
No EQUIPMENT SPECIFICATIONS ORIGIN UNIT QUALIT
Y
P. Laboratory
1 pH Portable meter Range: pH: 0-14 Germany Set 1
2 DO portable meter Range: DO: 0-25 mg / l Germany Set 1
3
COD measurement
unit
(Spectrophotometer
& the reaction)
Includes: Air &
digestion spectroscopy
a) sample breaker -
heating temperature: ±
0.3oC 100/120/150oC;
Measure COD (150oC) -
For tube: 16.2mm - time
setting mode: 30, 60,
and 120 minute
automatic power off
when reaches the set-
point Voltage:
220V/50Hz b)
spectrometer: -
Wavelength: 605nm and
430nm-display: LCD-
scale: 0 - 150mg / lO2,
or 0 - 1500 mg / l O2, or
0 - 15000mg / l O2-
Power: 9V battery -
automatic shutdown
mode
Germany Set 1
4
BOD measurement
unit
(Spectrophotometer
& the reaction)
Includes: measurement
unit and BOD incubator
a) Incubator: Capacity
180 L
b) The measured BOD
ad 6 places
Measuring range: 0-
4000 mg / l
Germany Set 1
5 Analytical
Capacity: 210g
Accuracy: 0.001g
Pan size 100 mm
LCD Screen Display
Foreign calibration
Having RS232 port
Germany Set 1
36
No EQUIPMENT SPECIFICATIONS ORIGIN UNIT QUALIT
Y
6 Drying cabinet
Volume: 111 Liter
Working temperature
range: 15 ° C above
ambient temperature up
to 240 oC
Installation time: 1 hour
59 minutes to 99
minutes
Germany Set 1
7 Vacuum filters
Brand: Origin: USA /
Japan / Vacuum Pump
Discharge: 16 liters /
min pump pressure:
4.2bar Power:
220V/50Hz b / glass
filter funnel glass funnel
V = 300ml, used for
47mm filters Covered
including clamps,
silicone tubing, 1 liter
glass bottle tubes,
47filter paper
USA/
Japan Set 1
8 Microscope
Magnification 1000x
2 eyepieces
4 achromatic objective
lens
Germany Pcs 1
9 Glassware
Pipettes 1ml , 2ml, 5ml
Erlen Meyer 25ml,
50ml, 100ml
Beaker 50ml, 100ml,
250ml, 500ml, 1000ml.
Glass rod 30cm
Viet Nam Set 1
10 sludge Cylinders Measuring the sludge,
1000 ml Viet Nam pcs 2
11
Chemical
experiments
sufficient for 3
months of active
treatment systems
Set 1
1
COD automatic
measuring
equipment
Type: automatic type
use for the effluent have
low SS. Measurement:
absorption UV254nm
(0~600 Abs/m).
Measuring range:
0~10,000 mg/L.
Accuracy: ± 5~10%.
France /
Germany Pcs 1
37
No EQUIPMENT SPECIFICATIONS ORIGIN UNIT QUALIT
Y
engine block is powder
coated steel, protection
IP54- there’re ways to
analog 4~20mA
2
The MPA48 display
and control analyzer
Attach with pH, DO
and TSS sensor
Brand: INSITEIG
From: USA
The MPA48 display and
control analyzer connect
to pH, DO and TSS
sensor:
- It can attach 4-8 sensor
(pH, TSS, DO, ORP)
-And have 4-8 output for
sensors
USA/
Germany Pcs 1
3 pH Sensor
- Type: automatic
measurement
- Measurement: glass
electrode
- Measuring range: 0~14
pH
- Accuracy: ≤ ±5%
- measurement cycle:
continuous
-Attach to the MPA48
display and control
analyzer
USA Pcs 1
4 DO Sensor
- Type: automatic
measurement
- Measurement: optical
- Fluorescent, not
membrane electrode
- Measuring range: 0~25
mg/l
- Accuracy: ≤ ±5%
- measurement cycle:
continuous
- integrated with
temperature sensor
USA/
Germany Pcs 1
5 TSS Sensor
- Type: automatic
measurement
- Measurement:
Nephelometric (infrared
emitter at 880 nm by
pulse)
- Measuring range:
0~1,000 mg/L
USA/
Germany Pcs 1
38
No EQUIPMENT SPECIFICATIONS ORIGIN UNIT QUALIT
Y
- Accuracy: ≤ ±5%
- Accuracy: : continuous
- Measuring time: 1
minutes /times
- integrated with
temperature sensor
- Attach to the MPA48
display and control
analyzer
6
Protection Cubicle,
lightning protection
and other
installation
accessories
- Steel cubicle
- Surge Protection
transformer
- The on-site data
storage and connected to
the PC by Ethernet
Modbus TCP/IP and
Modbus RS485 displays
all the parameters: pH,
DO, TSS, COD.
Mounting on the cabinet.
- Wastewater samples
Pump
Vietnam Pcs 1
R. The others items
1 The water level
switch Type: Float switch Italia Pcs 1
2 Railing material: SUS304
length: 190m Vietnam Pcs 1
3 Lighting Systems Vietnam Pcs 1
4 Lightning protection
system Vietnam Pcs 1
5 Fire prevention and
fire fighting
gaseous CO2 - 5 kg (2
pots)
powder - 8 kg (2 pots)
Vietnam Pcs 1
S. Technology
Pipeline Pcs 1
1 Chemical and water
pipes system Type: uPVC, 6 bar Vietnam Pcs 1
2 Waste water, sludge,
gas pipes system Type: SS304 Vietnam Pcs 1
T. Electrical line Pcs 1
39
No EQUIPMENT SPECIFICATIONS ORIGIN UNIT QUALIT
Y
1 Pipes, troughs
protect cable
Material :
+ trough of cable: zinc
coated steel
+ Protect pipe: PVC
Vietnam Pcs 1
2 Cable Brand: Cadivi
Type : PVC/PVC Vietnam Pcs 1
1
COD automatic
measuring
equipment
Type: automatic type
use for the effluent have
low SS. Measurement:
absorption UV254nm
(0~600 Abs/m).
Measuring range:
0~10,000 mg/L.
Accuracy: ± 5~10%.
engine block is powder
coated steel, protection
IP54- there’re ways to
analog 4~20mA
France /
Germany Pcs 1
1.3.5. Sludge Treatment Technology
Excess sludge from the primary and secondary clarifiers will be pumped to the
compressed mud tank periodically, where sewage sludge is concentrated by gravity
sedimentation method, then collected to the tank bottom by the sediment brusher
system. Depending on the concentration of biomass in the sludge tank that total
dissolved solids (TDS) ranging from 2-3% before being pumped into the sludge
dewatering process for separating water from the mud. Sludge after dewatering in the
form of cake will be packaged and stored in a dry mud warehouse before bringing to
sanitary landfills. Wastewater from sludge tank and excess sludge dewatering will be
circulated to the pump pit for reprocessing.
The project owner will sign contracts with Tai Tien Co., Ltd, Sao Viet Joint Stock
Environment Company. Dong Nai Urban Environment Service One Member
Company, Tan Thien Nhien Co, Ltd, Sonadezi Joint Stock Enironment Treatment
Company etc. for collecting and handling whole sludge in accordance with the
provisions of the current law.
Hazardous waste treatment technologies of the mentioned above companies has been
licensed by the Vietnam Environment Administration within Ministry of Natural
Resources and Environment.
40
1.3.6. Traffic system
Currently, the transportation system in general, especially transporting material roads
for waste water treatment plant of Phuoc Industrial Zone has been invested completely
and was put into formal operation. Specifically, is presented as follows:
(1).Outbound traffic
Tam Phuoc related areas road – Loc An is the main road connecting An Phuoc
industrial zone with Long Duc Industrial Zone to Highway 51 (section 2'-2 ') with
width of 32m (16m roadway, sidewalks 2x8 = 16m).
(2).Main traffic
Includes roads along the 09 and 05 connected to the main road, this road connects
perpendicularly the line 06 from industrial zones to the surrounding areas and vice
versa. This is the framework to arrange the internal network:
- Road 05: building line is 50m (5m-14m-2m-14m-5m). From road 05 to Road 02
(sections 2-2) have building line 32m (4.5 m-10, 2m-5m - 10.5 m - 4.5 m);
- Clips from the 06 to the southern boundary (sections 1-1) have building line 40m
(5m-14m-2m-5m-14m);
- Road 06 and Road 09 (section 3-3 is 30m (4,5m- 21m -4,5m).
(3).Internal traffic
Internal road network is connected perpendicular to the main road (sections 4-4) with
corridor of 20m (5m - 10m - 5m):
Table 1.5. Table of internal road corridor
No Road Length
Cross section of the road Corridor
(m)
Symbol
section left
margin
carriage
way
right
margin
A Outbound traffic 4,572
Tam Phuoc
street – Loc An
320 8 16 8 32 2-2
1 5 street 465 4.5 10.5 (2)
10.5
4.5 32 2-2
776 5 14 (2) 14 5 40 1-1
2 6 street 1,954 4.5 21 4.5 30 3-3
3 9 street 727 4.5 21 4.5 30 3-3
B Internal traffic 8,670
1 1 street 597 5 10 5 20 4-4
2 2 street 2,104 5 10 5 20 4-4
3 3 street 1,109 5 10 5 20 4-4
41
4 4 street 1,262 5 10 5 20 4-4
5 7 street 1,098 5 10 5 20 4-4
6 8 street 1,082 5 10 5 20 4-4
7 10 street 737 5 10 5 20 4-4
8 11 street 681 5 10 5 20 4-4
Total 13,242
Traffic road’s area is 30.94 ha, accounting for 15.3% of overall area (including the
area of outbound traffic roads). Length density in the area is 6.6 km/km2 (including
length of outbound traffic roads).
(4).Intersections and parking lot
Intersections are designed with center radius of R = 20m, and control external radius
of R = 45m. Parking lot are arranged access alternately with buildings.
1.3.7. System of hazardous wastes management at An Phuoc Industrial Zone
System of hazardous waste management in An Phuoc Industrial Zone has now been
invested and completely constructed. Specifically, it is presented as follows:
(1).Municipal solid waste
- None -Hazardous Solid Waste: make collecting, sorting at source by the sanitary
devices as prescribed;
- The project will allocate the composite container with a lid in the area of waste
generation (the operating, service areas, transportation routes etc.) and specialized
hygiene team will conducted to collect the waste to transfer station of the Industrial
Zone before contracting the function units to handle and process periodically. Transfer
station has an area of 350m2, which is covered and concreted. Transfer station is
located in the west area next to the waste water treatment plant of IPs to temporarily
store the entire municipal waste arising.
(2).Hazardous and non-hazardous industrial solid waste
- Hazardous and non-hazardous industrial solid waste: The project owner currently
invested to build the warehouse next to the municipal waste transfer station with an
area of 200m2, which is covered and concreted. Particularly, hazardous waste
generated from enterprises in the Industrial Zone will be storage in the specilized
warehouse with separate cells to storage different types of hazardous wastes.
Hazardous waste warehouse is located in right places, which is covered and labeled.
- These wastes must be classified by enterprises at the sources into municipal waste,
non-hazardous waste and hazardous waste before delivery to functional units to collect
and dispose;
- Coordinate with the functional authorities to check the waste management
performance of enterprises in the Industrial Zone to comply with the current
regulations.
42
(3). Enterprises in IPs
− Collection, sorting, transport and treatment as regulated, including :
+ Registering the owners of hazardous wastes sources with local environmental
management agencies;
+ Non-hazardous solid waste: Carrying out collecting, sorting at the sources by
the hygienic instrument in accordance with the relevant regulation;
+ Hazardous waste: sorting, packing, preservation and storage in accordance with
the hazardous waste management regulation at the sources, then transported to
the disposal areas. The hazardous waste must be properly labeled and indicated
the necessary information as requested by the regulations;
+ Storing the classified wastes in the sanitary containers or in bags with
distinctive colors, disposing the waste into the right places;
+ Signing service’s contracts with function units for waste collection,
transportation and disposal ;
+ Prohibiting enterprises to dispose waste in the unplanned areas, caused
environmental pollution to the Industrial Zone
(4).Investors and IZ infrastructure management (Tin Nghia Corporation)
To perform the collection, transportation and treatment of all types of waste generated
in Industrial Zones, the project owner will implement the following measures:
- Non-hazardous and hazardous industrial solid waste: the company will construct the
transfer station and warehouse to collect and store solid wastes generated from the
enterprises in the IPs
- The waste must be classified by the enterprises at sources into separate types of
domestic waste, non-hazardous waste and hazardous waste before delivery to the
functional units to collect and dispose.
- Coordinate with the functional authorities to check the waste management
performance of enterprises in the Industrial Zone to comply with the current
regulations.
At the present, there has been a number of companies licensed in handling hazardous
waste in Dong Nai province, such as Tai Tien Co., Ltd, Sao Viet Joint Stock
Environment Company, Dong Nai Urban Environment Service One Member
Company, Tan Thien Nhien Co, Ltd, Sonadezi Joint Stock Enironment Treatment
Company etc. The enterprises in the industrial zone can also sign contracts with the
service companies to collect and dispose.
In addition, to strengthen the management and disposal of solid waste as requested by
the People's Committee of Dong Nai Province, the project owner will closely
cooperate with the Dong Nai Industrial Zones Administration and Department of
Natural Resources and Environment in checking and monitoring the solid waste
management performance in the industrial zone.
43
1.3.8. Risk Management in An Phuoc Industrial Zone
The environmental emergency cases may be included : Fire and exploitation, chemical
and oil spills, damage of drainage system and the wastewater treatment plant.
(1).Explosion and fire prevention
(i).Fire due to electricity overload
To avoid electricity overload, the following measures will be applied:
- When designing it must be selected the conductivity wires with cross-section, that is
suitable with the electric current;
- Do not use the equipment with capacity higher that the design capacity;
- Regularly check the temperature of machinery and equipment to avoid the fire due to
overheating;
-Replace leaky piece of wire, which can cause electric shock.
- Installation of automatic power off when electrical power is overloaded.
- Strictly follow the electricity safety regulation
(ii).Fire Prevention by lightning
- Design and installation of lightning rod system for An Phuoc Industrial Zones with
column densities specified by the relevant standards.
- Enterprises in the Industrial Zone have to install lightning protection systems for
their facilities.
(2).Leakage of sewer pipelines
- Regulate the safe isolation distance for the water and sewer pipelines;
- Regularly inspect and maintain the joints, valves on the water and sewer pipelines;
- Prohibit construction of works in the safe isolation area for the water and sewer
pipeline;
(3).The problem with the central waste water treatment plant
(i).Prevention
- Use materials with high strength and corrosion resistance;
- Regularly monitor the wastewater quality at the outlet of the wastewater treatment
plant to avoid the serious environmental pollution;
- Make the regular maintenance plan for equipment and machinery.
- Prepare spare parts, spare equipment to proactively and quickly overcome when the
incident occurred
44
(ii). Incidents Rescue
- Build incident scenarios and response plans.
- Make the regular plan for checking and repairing the machinery and equipment.
- Build the balance tank to regulate the flow and effluent concentration before
pumping the wastewater treatment system.
- Build the ecological pond to store wastewater when the incident occurred on the
central wastewater treatment systems.
(iii).Survey of chemical leakage and safe exposure to chemicals
- The chemicals are transported to the wastewater treatment plant with special facilities
provided by the supplier;
- Chemicals are stored appropriately in the warehouse;
- Strictly follow the regulations on storage and use of the chemicals in accordance to
the manufacturer's instructions;
- All workers involved in the chemical industry are guiding safety measures when
exposed to the chemicals;
- When working with chemicals, workers should wear the personal safety equipment
such as masks, glasses, gloves etc.
1.4. TOTAL INVESTMENT BUDGET AND IMPLEMENTATION PLAN OF
COMPONENT No 2
1.4.1. Investment budgets
The investment budget of the project is a part of investment budget of infrastructure
construction of An Phuoc Industrial Zone, which has been calculated in the project of
An Phuoc Industrial Zone Investment and loan form the environmental protection
funds. Total investment of the project is presented in Table 2.6.
Table 1.6. Estimated total investment of the project
STT JOB CONTENTS Price
(VNĐ)
1 Building 10,050,551,000
2 Equipment, technological pipe & electric 8,828,846,000
3 Costs of transport and installation 520,000,000
4 Running trials and other appendages 2,317,008,000
TOTAL (INCLUDE VAT) 23,888,000,000
In words: Twenty-three billion, eight hundred and eighty eight million VND.
1.4.2. The Project Implementation Plan
June - July, 2012: Completion of the legal documents
45
June - August, 2012: Construction works
June 2013: Installation of equipment, piping systems;
July 2013: Commissioning;
August – September, 2013: Technology transfer and liquidation.
46
CHAPTER 2 NATURAL, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS
2.1. PHYSICAL CONDITIONS
2.1.1. Geographical conditions
(1).Terrain
- Planning area land is located on the slopes of hills, the terrain is relatively flat,
sloping towards the middle of 2 from the northwest and the southeast with an average
slope of 0.8%, the smallest slope is 0, 24% and the maximum slope of up to 2%.
Ground elevation varies from 48.69 m (southeast) down to 19.0 m (north-west).
(National Elevation);
- Areas with high ground, completely unaffected tidal regime in the rivers.
(2).Geology
According to the report on engineering geology and hydrogeology survey,
implemented by the Engineering Geology Federation - Southern Hydrogeological
Union at the project area there are some layers distributed from top to bottom as
follows:
(i).The first Layer: layer of soil:
- This layer is widely distributed; thickness of about 1.0 m;
- Soil composition including: sand, sandy loam and loam and plant roots;
- Land weakly porous lightweight, waterproof good.
(ii).The second layer: Clay, sand gray, gray-brown, gray-yellow in hard plastic state:
- This layer lies above the water table. Results of the analysis showed that soil
composition is clay particles, sand and the ratio of 56% sand, 17% dirt and 18% clay;
- Moisture from 12.98 to 21.32%;
- Natural Weight capacity from 1.81 to 1.97 g/cm3;
- Adhesion force from 0.05 to 0.25 kg/cm2.
(iii).The third layer: sandy soil, clay gray and stained in places kaolin in the plastic
state drive:
The top of this layer occurs in depth from 14.0 to 17.5 m, the bottom layer
encountered at depths from 19.0 to 25.0 m. They are located below the water table.
The only goal of the class is as follows:
- Moisture from 13.99 to 21.18%;
- Natural Weight capacity from 1.90 to 1.99 g/cm3;
- Adhesion force from 0.03 to 0.8 kg/cm2
47
(iv).The fourth layer: Class of sand, gravel, quartz:
- The depth of the top layer from 19.0 to 25.0 m, the bottom layer from 20.0 to 26.5 m;
- The thickness is thin, discontinuous.
(v).The fifth layer: clay, white clay gray, variegated yellow, hard plastic to plastic
state:
This layer is distributed in relatively large depths, from the top layer having a depth of
20.0 to 26.5 m, the bottom from 29.0 to 31.0 m. Mechanical characteristics of the class
as follows:
- Grain: 22% sand, 38% dirt, clay 40% L;
- Natural humidity from 19.85 to 32.35%;
- Natural Weight capacity from 19.06 to 1.985 g/cm3;
- Adhesion force from 0.140 to 0.51 kg/cm2.
(vi). The sixth layer: red brown clay, mahogany red hard plastic state:
- This layer is not continuous distributions; roof depth from 29.0 to 31.0 m to 33.0 m
and the bottom is not controlled at all. This clay layer tends to stabilize, gradually
thickening to the north, the northeast crust of clay powder;
- Soil particle composition: clay 40-48%, Dust 32-36%, sand 18-29%;
- Natural moisture: 26.53 to 28.55%;
- Natural weight capacity: 1.94 to 1.95 g/cm3;
- Cohesive force: 0.40 to 0.45 kg/cm2.
(vii).The seventh layer: Claystone, siltstone ocher, gray gold:
- Distribution deep below +20 m high or less, the formation Dacrium (K2dr);
- Stone Yellow gray cracked weak, rigid unbreakable hammer beating, with the high-
strength;
Comment:
- The geology of the project area to facilitate construction activities due to the load
bearing capacity of the soil thus reducing high cost foundation treatment works;
- The land in the project area is mostly clay should reduce the permeability of the
waste into soil surface and the groundwater below.
2.1.2. Hydrological Conditions
Sources of receiving waste water from the wastewater treatment plant of An Phuoc
Industrial Zone is the Nuoc Trong stream, which flows through the area in 3
communes, including Tam Phuoc, An Phuoc and Tam An, Long Thanh district, Dong
Nai province. The upstream is located at an altitude of 50.6 m within Tam Phuoc
48
commune, the downstream is located at an altitude of 1.2 m within Tam An Commune.
Total length of the longest tributary stream is 19,660 m, of which:
- The narrow section with length of 8,830m runs from Tam Phuoc commune, cutting
across Highway 51, this segment have the width from 2-4 m;
- The large section with length of 10,830 m, accounting from An Phuoc commune
flowing through Tam An commune, this segment have an average width of 6 m, the
narrowest width of approximately 2 m, the widest part of 8 m width is located near the
adjacent downstream of the Dong Nai river.
According to the project report "Integrate assessing of exploitation status for planning
and management of water resources of the Dong Nai river” implemented by the
Southern Institute of Irrigation Planning in 2006 year, the Nuoc Trong stream have the
catchment area of 58,40km2, the average flow of 1,346 m3/s, average flow module of
23.05 l/s/km2. Maximum flow in October was 3,082 m3/s, the lowest flow was 0.265
m3/s in April.
Table 2.1. Measurement results of Nuoc Trong stream hydrological conditions
No Day Time Water
level
(cm)
The
width of
the
water
surface
(cm)
The
average
depth
(m)
The
average
speed of
horizontal
surface
(m/s)
Inflow
(m3/s)
Sectional
area
(m2)
1 04/02 9h30 4006 8.2 0.24 0.67 1.340 2.00
2 14/02 9h05 3998 7,.6 0.18 0.56 0.749 1.34
3 24/02 8h40 3996 7.5 0.17 0.56 0.717 1.27
4 03/03 9h30 3997 7.5 0.19 0.52 0.729 1.40
5 10/03 8h50 3668 7.6 0.20 0.52 0.779 1.49
6 17/03 8h05 3995 7.5 0.18 0.47 0.636 1.34
7 24/03 8h10 4009 8.5 0.26 0.68 1.540 2.25
8 31/03 8h45 3997 7.5 0.20 0.50 0.772 1.53
9 06/04 10h00 3990 7.1 0.14 0.43 0.426 0.98
10 11/04 8h30 3991 7.2 0.14 0.44 0.452 1.02
11 17/04 9h45 3992 7.3 0.15 0.47 0.511 1.09
12 25/04 8h45 3996 7.5 0.18 0.54 0.743 1.38
Source: Southern Institute of Irrigation Planning, 2006
2.1.3. Climate
The project area is located in the areas affected by climate of Long Thanh district,
Dong Nai province. This area has a moderate climate conditions, fluctuations between
the time of year, the day is not high, the humidity is not too high, not directly affected
by the floods. The basic parameters are presented as follows:
(1).The air temperature
49
Air temperature directly affect the metabolism and dispersion of pollutants in the
atmosphere. The higher air temperature, the more rapid rate of chemical reactions
occurred and the small duration of pollutants persisted. The variation of the
temperature affects the spread of dust and gas, the heat exchange process of the body
and health workers. Air temperatures is high and relatively stable throughout the year.
- Average annual temperature: 26.0 ° C
- The highest average temperature of 36 - 38oC
- Average lowest temperature year: 9 - 11oC
- Temperature range is reached during the dry season: 5 - 12oC
- Temperature range is reached during the rainy season: 5.5 - 8oC
(2).Solar radiation
Solar radiation is one of the important factors that directly affect the thermal regime in
the region and thereby affect atmospheric stability level and distribution process, the
transformation of pollutants. Solar radiation will directly alter the temperature of an
object, which depends on the ability to reflect and absorb its radiation as coating
surface, paint, surface properties etc.:
- Average sunshine duration from 2000-2200 hours / year;
- Every day is 10-13 hours of sunlight (the dry season);
- The intensity of illumination at noon may be up to 100,000 lux.
(3).Hours of sunshine
Total sunshine hours are changed from 2000-2700 hours/year. The dry season is also
the sunshine season, which accounts for 56-66% of the total annual hours of sunshine.
The highest average sunshine reachs 9.5 hours/day, the lowest one is 4 hours/day. In
dry season, sunlight may reach to 10-12 hours /day, while the rainy season, there may
be no sunshine in whole day.
(4).Air humidity
Air humidity as well as air temperature is one of the natural elements, which directly
affect the metabolism and distribution of pollutants in the atmosphere, the heat
exchange process of the body and health of workers:
- Average annual humidity: 78% - 84%
- Highest annual humidity: 90% - 92%
- Lowest annual humidity: 72% - 76%
50
(5).Evaporation
- The highest monthly average evaporation: 100-250 mm
- The lowest monthly average evaporation: 40-70 mm
- Average annual evaporation: 1,100 mm - 1,300 mm
(6).The rainfall regime
The rainfall regime affect air quality. When dropping, the rain washs the dust and
pollutants in the atmosphere as well as the pollutants on the ground where rainwater
falls through. Stormwater quality depends on the quality of the atmosphere and
environment in the region:
- The average rainfall in the district was 1,800 mm. Rainfall is high, but unevenly
distributed in the month of the year;
- The rainy season lasts about six months from May to November, accounting for 87-
88% of the annual rainfall. The wettest months are August, September, October. The
wettest month averagely can reach 300-400 mm /month;
- In the remaining months of the year, the rainfall is very low, which called dry season,
total rainfall in the dry season (November to May of the next year) accounts for 12-
13% of the annual rainfall. In January and February, there is a little rain, even in many
years, there were no rain.
(7).Wind regime
Wind is an important factor in the dispersion and spread of pollutants in the
atmosphere. The greater wind speed, the higher ability to spread dust and pollutants as
far away, the higher ability to dilute pollutants with clean air. Each year there are two
main seasons, dry season have the Northeast monsoon, rain season have the Southwest
one. Average annual wind speed is 2.0 to 2.2 m/s, maximum one is 2.5 to 3.0 m/s (9.0
to 11.0 km / h), it is less affected by the storm.
Statistics on wind direction and wind direction frequency of each month at Bien Hoa
meteorological station, recorded by the Southern Hydro-Meteorological Station are
presented as follows:
51
January
February
0
5
10
15
B
BĐB
ĐB
ĐĐB
Đ
ĐĐN
ĐN
NĐN
N
NTN
TN
TTN
T
TTB
TB
BTB
March
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
B
BĐB
ĐB
ĐĐB
Đ
ĐĐN
ĐN
NĐN
N
NTN
TN
TTN
T
TTB
TB
BTB
April
0
2
4
6
8
10
B
BĐB
ĐB
ĐĐB
Đ
ĐĐN
ĐN
NĐN
N
NTN
TN
TTN
T
TTB
TB
BTB
May
0
3
6
9
B
BĐB
ĐB
ĐĐB
Đ
ĐĐN
ĐN
NĐN
N
NTN
TN
TTN
T
TTB
TB
BTB
June
0.0
3.0
6.0
9.0
12.0
15.0
B
BĐB
ĐB
ĐĐB
Đ
ĐĐN
ĐN
NĐN
N
NTN
TN
TTN
T
TTB
TB
BTB
Junly August
52
0
8
16
24
32
B
BĐB
ĐB
ĐĐB
Đ
ĐĐN
ĐN
NĐN
N
NTN
TN
TTN
T
TTB
TB
BTB
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
B
BĐB
ĐB
ĐĐB
Đ
ĐĐN
ĐN
NĐN
N
NTN
TN
TTN
T
TTB
TB
BTB
September
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
B
BĐB
ĐB
ĐĐB
Đ
ĐĐN
ĐN
NĐN
N
NTN
TN
TTN
T
TTB
TB
BTB
October
0
2
4
6
8
10
B
BĐB
ĐB
ĐĐB
Đ
ĐĐN
ĐN
NĐN
N
NTN
TN
TTN
T
TTB
TB
BTB
``
November
0
2
4
6
8
10
B
BĐB
ĐB
ĐĐB
Đ
ĐĐN
ĐN
NĐN
N
NTN
TN
TTN
T
TTB
TB
BTB
December
0
5
10
15
B
BĐB
ĐB
ĐĐB
Đ
ĐĐN
ĐN
NĐN
N
NTN
TN
TTN
T
TTB
TB
BTB
Figure 2.1. Monthly wind direction and frequency at Bien Hoa station
Comment:
(i).Advantages:
- According to the Pasquil classification of atmospheric sustainability, the level of the
53
atmosphere sustainability in the project area is dominated B and C classes, in which
75% of the B class or natural conditions in the project area are favourable for
dispersion of gaseous pollutants;
- Thermal regime in the project area is to facilitate the process of biodegradation of
waste.
(ii).Difficulties:
- Temperature regime is quietly high and stable in whole year, therefore, that may
affect directly to the liquid fuel tank located in the project area;
- High rainfall will affect the stormwater drainage capacity and industrial hygiene, if
there is the absence of appropriate control measures;
- Application of sludge drying yard for excess sludge from the wastewater treatment
plant of the project will be difficult in the rainy season.
2.1.4. Environmental State
To assess the status of regional environmental quality of the project is expected, the
project owner was associated with the Institute for Environment and Resource to
survey, sample and analyze the environmental quality in the area on May 20, 2013.
(1).Current status of air quality and noise
Air samples are taken at 3 points in the project area, which are described in the
following table.
Table 2.2. Results of air quality analysis
No Samples Noise
dBA
wind
speed
(m/s)
Humidity
(%)
Concentration ( gµ /m3)
Dust SO2 NO2 CO
1 KK1 66.7 2.0 73.1 112 52 73 4619
2 KK2 68.9 1.7 72.3 108 51 72 4916
3 KK3 60.2 2.0 73.4 107 53 71 4913
QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT - - 300 350 200
QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT 70 - - - -
Note:
- QCVN 05: 2009/BTNMT - National Technical Regulation on ambient air quality;
- QCVN: 2010 / BTNMT - National technical regulation on noise
Location of sampling sites:
- KK1 - Area residents near the junction of the project, coordinates (412482.85,
1198870.2)
- KK2 - On land routes through IZ projects, coordinates (413038.15, 1198917.46)
54
- KK3 - the population of the area before the IZ projects, coordinates (412619.43,
1198505.85)
Comment:
- Dust pollution: dust concentrations ranged from 107-112 µg/m3 are lower than the
regulations (<300 µg/m3). The results showed that the dust concentration in the
sampling points meet the regulations QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT;
- Pollution by SO2: SO2 concentrations are ranged from 51-53 µg/m3. The analytical
results at all monitoring locations within the project area shown that SO2
concentrations are lower than the regulations many times;
- NO2 pollution: NO2 concentrations are ranged from 71-73 µg/m3, which are lower
than the regulations;
- Noise: Noise in the measured locations is ranged from 60.2 to 68.9 dBA, which was
lower than the regulation.
According to analysis results, ambient air around the proposed project is not polluted.
The process of building infrastructure will impact on the air quality, investor will
interest to control and manage the air quality in the project implementation process.
(2).Current status of surface water quality
While the project went into operation, waste water will discharge into the Nuoc Trong
stream, the analysis results of surface water quality in the project area is presented in
Table 2.3:
Table 2.3. Results of water quality analysis
No Indicator Unit
Sample QCVN
08:2008/BTNMT
column A2 NM1 NM2
1 pH - 5.73 8.02 5,5– 9
2 DO mg/l 4.68 3.72 ≥ 2
3 BOD5 mg/l 1 5 25
4 COD mg/l 20 23 50
5 SS mg/l 3 10 100
6 Cu mg/l ND (<0,001) 0.02 1
7 Zn mg/l 0.04 0.052 2
8 Fe mg/l 0.136 0.202 2
9 As mg/l 0.02 0.04 0.1
10 Pb mg/l ND ND 0.05
11 Hg mg/l ND ND 0.002
12 Oil and
grease mg/l
ND ND 0.3
13 Coliform MPN/100ml 1.2x102 1.2x102 10,000
14 Ecoli MPN/100ml 30 1.1x102 200
55
Samples positions:
NM1 – The Nuoc Trong stream in the wastewater discharge area from An Phuoc IZ
with coordinates (412823.73; 1199127.21);
NM2 – At the bridge crossing the Nuoc Trong stream in the wastewater discharge area
from An Phuoc IZ with coordinates (413074.9; 1199074.76)
Comment: Comparing the analysis results with QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT, column B2
shown that the parameters meet the regulations.
(3).Current status of groundwater quality
Results of groundwater quality analysis is presented in table 2.4.
Table 2.4. Results of groundwater quality analysis
No Indicator Unit Sample QCVN
09:2008/BTNMT NN1 NN2
1 pH - 3.5 4.25 5.5-8.5
2 Hardness mg CaCO3/l 6 12 500
3 COD (KMnO4) mg/l 2 1 -
4 Cl- mg/l 1 15 250
5 SO42- mg/l 0.081 0.77 400
6 N-NH3 mg/l 0.47 0.28 -
7 N-NO3- mg/l 0.75 3.83 15
8 Coliforms MPN/100ml 2 20 3
Groundwater sampling locations:
NN1: Groundwater sample located inside the industrial zone with coordinates
(412543.97, 1198819.47)
NN2: Groundwater sample located outside the Industrial Zone with coordinates
(413071.02, 1198940.32)
Comment: The results of the groundwater quality analysis shown that the ground water
quality at the sampling sites is still good, except for pH parameter, coliforms of sample
NN2, which are violated the QCVN 09:2008/BTNMT.
(4). Environmental status of land
Location of soil sampling, soil quality results are described in Table 2.5
56
Table 2.5. Resultsof soil quality analysis
No Indicator Unit D2 D1 QCVN
03:2008/BTNMT
1 Pb mg/kg 2.11 0.98 70
2 As mg/kg 0.32 ND 12
3 Cd mg/kg 0.01 0.04 2
4 Zn mg/kg 1.18 1.73 200
5 Cu mg/kg 0.45 0.52 50
Note: QCVN 03:2008/BTNMT: Soil quality - maximum permissible limits of heavy
metals in the soil, used for welfare purposes, entertainment and recreation.
Soil sampling locations:
- D1: Soil sample taken in the Industrial Zone with coordinates (412482.85,
1198870.2);
- D2: The orchards land in the Industrial Zone with coordinates (413038.15,
1198917.46).
Comment: The results of the basic parameters and heavy metals analysis in soil
showed that the parameters are lower than the regulation QCVN 03:2008/BTNMT.
Location of soil sampling in the project area is presented in attached appendix.
2.2. BIOLOGICAL CONDITIONS
2.2.1. Mangroves
Long Thanh mangrove ecosystem has a total natural area of 7,953 ha. This ecosystem
is affected by sea water intrusion and salinity of the river was pushed to create a
dynamic area - abundant vegetation. In the mangrove areas have different kinds of
trees such as: Avicennia, Rhizophora, shortening, parrots, and evolved further, when
the population decreased salinity coconut water instead. Deep inland, where land is
sour, with the categories: energy, buying growth. The land is less acidic than the
grower, palm, holly, roasted appearance. Very rich flora, 84 species of vascular plants
with 72 genera, 38 families of Magnoliophyta 2 and Polypodiophyta branch.
Not only plants but also animals and aquatic equally diverse. Through the survey,
where the presence of more than 20 species of mammals, over 100 species of birds, 30
reptiles and 9 amphibians. Regarding fisheries, where there are 3 main groups. The
first group includes 36 species of mollusks (including 25 species of gastropods, 1 and
2 species of mollusc’s shells), which present some economic value species such as
shrimp, crabs ...). The most abundant group of animals here is fish: there are 137
species, belonging to 39 families and 13 orders. These are very specific species of
57
mangrove ecoregions, we live in coastal estuaries. Some fish are very valuable
economically as we know it: pineapple fish, mullet, fish floral, black grouper ...
2.2.2. Phytoplankton and zooplankton
(1).Phytoplankton
The analytical results of phytoplankton composition recorded on 20 May 2013 shown
that there are 75 taxa of 04 phylum: Bacillariophyta (diatoms) Cyanophyta (algae
phylum), Chlorophyta (green algae phylum), Euglenophyta (eyes algae phylum).
Table 2.6. Phytoplankton composition in the surface water sampling locations
No Species composition
Frequency meeting and
individual /m3
M1 M2 M3
Bacillariophyta
1 Bidulphia sp. +
2 Caloneis sp. + +
3 Cocconeis sp. + +
4 Cyclotella comta + + +
5 Cyclotella sp. +
6 Cymbella sp. +
7 Cymbella tumida +
8 Eunotia asterionelloides +
9 Eunotia sp1. + + +
10 Eunotia sp2. + +
11 Demogonium guyanense +
12 Diatoma elongatum + +
13 Fragillaria sp. + + +
14 Gomphonema sphaerophorum + +
15 Gyrosigma attenatum + +
16 Melosira granulata var. Angustissma + +
17 Melosira sp. +
18 Navicula dicephala +
19 Navicula grevilleii +
20 Navicula sp1. + +
21 Navicula sp2. + +
22 Nitzschia closterium +
23 Nitzschia sp1. +
24 Nitzschia sp2. + +
25 Pinnularia sp. + +
26 Surirella linearis + +
27 Surirella ovata +
28 Surirella robusta +
29 Surirella sp. +
30 Synedra acus +
58
No Species composition
Frequency meeting and
individual /m3
M1 M2 M3
31 Triceratium sp. + +
Chlorophyta
32 Actinastrum sp. + +
33 Closterium cornu + +
34 Closterium lunula + +
35 Coelastrum cambricum +
36 Coelastrum microsporum +
37 Coenocystis sp. +
38 Cosmarium sp1. +
39 Cosmarium obtusatum +
40 Crucigenia sp. +
41 Dictyosphaerium sp. +
42 Gonium sp. +
43 Oocystis sp. +
44 Pediastrum boryanum +
45 Pediastrum duplex + +
46 Pediastrum simplex +
47 Pediastrum tetras + + +
48 Senedesmus acuminatus +
49 Senedesmus bicaudatus +
50 Senedesmus bijuga +
51 Senedesmus denticulatus +
52 Senedesmus protuberans + +
53 Senedesmus quadricauda + +
54 Staurastrum sp. + +
55 Tetraedron regulare + +
Cyanophyta
56 Aphanocapsa sp. + +
57 Aphanothece sp. +
58 Lyngbya sp. + +
59 Merismopedia minima + +
60 Microcystis aeruginosa +
61 Microcystis wesenbergii +
62 Oscillatoria sp. + + +
63 Oscillatoria sp2. + +
64 Spirulina sp. + +
Euglenophyta
65 Euglena acus +
66 Euglena oxyuris + +
67 Gonyostomum sp. +
68 Lepocinclis fusiformis + +
69 Lepocinclis sp. + +
70 Phacus anocoelus + +
59
No Species composition
Frequency meeting and
individual /m3
M1 M2 M3
71 Phacus helicoides +
72 Phacus longicauda +
73 Phacus platalea +
74 Trachelomonas oblonga +
75 Trachelomonas sp. +
In particular, the number of phylum with the dominant species is Bacillariophyta (31
species), Chlorophyta (24 species). The recorded algae species are freshwater ones,
which grow well in water flowing environment with relatively organic rich.
Results of quantitative analysis of phytoplankton density, percentage distribution is
presented in Tables 2.7-2.8.
Table 2.7. Composition and distribution of phytoplankton density in the surface water
sampling locations
Table 2.8. Composition and distribution of phytoplankton density in the surface water
sampling locations
No
Phylum
Sample
The density of individuals (unit/litter)
M1 M2 M3
1 Bacillariophyta 4.130 1.855 1.515
2 Chlorophyta 16.235 535 240
3 Cyanophyta 48.750 635 5.375
4 Euglenophyta 210 3.600 0
Total 69.325 6.625 7.130
Table 2.9. Composition and percentage distribution of phytoplankton in the surface
water sampling locations
No
Phylum
Sample
The density of individuals (%)
M1 M2 M3
1 Bacillariophyta 0,60 28,00 21,25
2 Chlorophyta 23,42 8,08 3,37
3 Cyanophyta 70,32 9,58 75,38
4 Euglenophyta 5,66 54,34 0,00
Total 100 100 100
Results of biological quantitative analysis shown that density fluctuations between the
sampling locations are relatively large from 6,625-69,325 individuals/liter. The density
distribution is quite clear difference between the point M1 (69,325 individuals/lit) and
the location M2 (6,625 individuals/lit). In particular, in the location M1,phylum
Bacillariophyta is diversed in number of species (27/69 species) but the percentage
60
distribution is lowest comparing with the present phylum in the water basin
(equivalent to 0.60% of total number of individuals recorded at locations M1). At the
same time, the distribution and species composition of phytoplankton at the time of the
survey is influenced mainly from inland freshwater resources with strong currents and
high turbidity.
Number of species present in the locations M1, M2, M3 is ranged from 16-69 species,
showing the diversity of species composition in the study area is relatively high. And
water in the survey watershed is essentially fresh one.
(2).Zooplankton
Through surveys at 03 sampling points (M1, M2, M3) in the water basins in Long
Thanh District, Dong Nai Province it is recorded in the zooplankton composition as
presented in table 2.9.
Table 2.10. Zooplankton composition in the surface water sampling locations
No Species composition
Frequency meeting and
individual /m3
M1 M2 M3
Phylum: Aschelminthes
Class: Monogononta
Order: Ploima
Family: Brachionidae
1 Anuraeopsis fissa Gosse + + +
2 Brachionus angularis Gosse +
3 Brachionus calyciflorus Pallas +
4 Brachionus caudatus Asstein +
5 Brachionus dimidiatus + +
6 Brachionus falcatus Zacharias +
7 Brachionus sp1. +
8 Brachionus sp2. +
9 Brachionus sp3. +
Family : Trichocercidae
10 Trichocerca longiseta Scharank + +
11 Trichocerca pusilla Jennings + +
Family : Gastropidae
12 Ascomorpha saltans Bartsch +
Family : Notommatidae
13 Cephalodella misgurnus Wulfert +
Family : Lecanidae
14 Lecane plesia Myers +
15 Lecane ploenensis Voight +
16 Lecane sp. + + +
17 Lecane subtilis Harr. u. Myers +
Family : Colurellidae
61
No Species composition
Frequency meeting and
individual /m3
M1 M2 M3
18 Lepadella rhomboideas Gosse +
19 Lepadella sp. + +
Family : Synchaetidae
20 Polyarthra sp. + +
Order : Flosculariaceae
Family : Testudinellidae
21 Pompholyx complanata Gosse +
22 Testudinella patina +
Family: (?)
23 Vanoyella globosa Evens + +
Class: Bdelloidae
Order : Bdelloida
Family : Habrotrochidae
24 Habrotrocha sp. +
Branch : Sarcomastigophora
Class: Lobosea
Order: Arcellinida
Family : Diffugiidae
25 Cucurbitella sp. +
26 Difflugia acuminata +
27 Difflugia lebes +
Order : Tintinnida
Family : Codonellidae
28 Tintinnopsis conecus Chiang +
29 Tintinnopsis cylindrata +
30 Tintinnopsis lobiancoi +
31 Tintinnopsis sp. +
Class: Filosea
Order: Gromiida
Family : Euglyphidae
32 Euglypha tubercula +
Larva
33 Chironomidae diptera +
34 Nauplius copepoda + +
Note:
(?): Uncompleted properties
+: There is the presence of individuals
The analytical results shown that there were 34 species of the zooplankton recorded,
which belong to 02 phylums Aschelmia (Rotatoria), and Sarcomastigophora
(Protozoa), 04 classes, 06 orders, 13 families, 16 genuses. In particular, the species are
distributed as follows:
− Phylum Aschelminthes : 24 species, accounting for 77.42%;
62
− Phylum Sarcomastigophora: 7 species accounted for 22.58%.
In addition, the analysis also noted the presence of two species of copepod larvae and
Chironnomidae dipteral Nauplius. In particular, Chironomus larva (red mosquito
larvae of family Chironomidae – two wings insect of Order Diptera) appears only in
the location NM1. The species are indicators for the environment with nutrient-rich
and medium pollution (mesosaprobic).
The distribution of the dominant phylum Aschelminthes is accounting for 77.42%,
showed that the water is completely fresh with high concentration of organic matter
(Hermann, 1997). In particular, in terms of distribution and development of the
number of zooplankton, can see the indicator species for medium pollution water (β-
mesosaprobic) such as Polyarthra sp., Brachionus calyciflonus and some species are
indicators of α-mesosaprobic pollution water such as Brachionus angularis in the
location M3 , Habrotrocha sp. in location M2.
Table 2.11. Composition and distribution of zooplankton density in the surface water
sampling locations
No Phylum
Sample
The density of individuals (unit/m3)
M1 M2 M3
1 Aschelminthes 4.500 18.500 15.000
2 Protozoa 5.000 500 2500
3 Lavar 500 1.500 1.500
Total 10.000 20.500 19.000
Table 2.12. Composition and distribution of zooplankton proportion in the surface
water sampling locations
No
Phylum
Sample
The density of individuals (%)
M1 M2 M3
1 Aschelminthes 45,00 90,24 78,95
2 Protozoa 50,00 2,44 13,16
3 Lavar 0,50 7,32 7,89
Total 100 100 100
Results of biological quantitative analysis shown that density fluctuations between the
sampling points are relatively large from 10,000-20,500 individuals/m3. The density
distribution is quite clear difference between point M1 (10,000 individuals/m3) and
point M2 (20,500 individual/m3). In particular, in point M2, ratio of phylum
Aschelminthes is very high (equivalent to 90.24% of total number of recorded
individuals), showed that the water body at the survey time mainly influenced from
inland freshwater with strong currents and high turbidity.
63
Number of existing species in the locations M1, M2, M3 is ranged from 11-17 species,
showing the diversity of species composition in the study area is relatively low.
Protozoa density in the location M1 is relatively high (50%), shown that in this
watershed have higher nutrients than the other locations - where the presence of the
species of class Protozoa preferred in the sand bottom, strong flowing water.
2.2.3.Benthos
The results of analysis of benthos composition and density are shown in the tables 2.12,
2.13.
Table 2.13. Results of benthos analysis
No The scientific name The number of individuals counted
LT1 LT2 LT3
OLIGOCHAETA
1 Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri 5 12
2 Branchiura sowerbyi 3 7
POLYCHAETA
3 Namalycastis abiuma 4
4 Nephthys polybranchia 6
GASTROPODA
Viviparidae
5 Cipangopaludina leeythoides 2 2
Thiaridae
6 Melanoides tuberculatus 2
PALAEMONIDAE
7 Macrobrachium vienamense 2
INSECTA LARVA
8 Tanytarsus sp1 7
Lymnogonus fossarum 3
9 Polypedilum sp 4
ODONATA
Libellulidae
10 Neurothemis fulvia 1
Conagrionidae
11 Coenagrionid cerinorubellum 2 1
12 Coenagrionid sp 2
Total 16 17 32
64
Table 2.14. Results of benthos composition and density analysis
No The scientific name Individual density (unit/m3)
LT1 LT2 LT3
OLIGOCHAETA
1 Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri 50 120
2 Branchiura sowerbyi 30 70
POLYCHAETA
3 Namalycastis abiuma 40
4 Nephthys polybranchia 60
GASTROPODA
Viviparidae
5 Cipangopaludina leeythoides 20 20
Thiaridae
6 Melanoides tuberculatus 20
PALAEMONIDAE
7 Macrobrachium vienamense 20
INSECTA LARVA
8 Tanytarsus sp1 70
Lymnogonus fossarum 30
9 Polypedilum sp 40
ODONATA
Libellulidae
10 Neurothemis fulvia 10
Conagrionidae
11 Coenagrionid cerinorubellum 20 10
12 Coenagrionid sp 20
Total 160 170 320
Comment:
Through sample collection and analysis of benthic samples in water bodies in the
project showed that the diversity of benthic species composition is relatively low. With
13 species, including 04 species of worms, 03 species of dragonflies, 02 species of
snails, 01 species of shrimp larvae and 03 species of other insects but the density is
relatively low with quantities of 160-320 individuals/m3. By analyzing the species
composition and density we found that, in sampling location LT2 with the presence of
most species are insect larvae (Coenagrionid, Coenagrionid cerinorubellum,
Neurothemis Fulvia, Lymnogonus fossarum, Polypedilum sp, Tanytarsus sp), which
show relatively good water quality. And in the remaining two locations LT1 and LT3
we see the presence of species such as Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, Branchiura sowerbyi,
Nephthys polybranchia, Namalycastis abiuma, which representing the species living in
contaminated water with high organic concentration. Therefore, measures should be
taken to reduce pollution to avoid a threat to the diversity of the fauna in the waters
here. Especially the use of plant protection chemicals, sewage and other domestic
wastes as well as the wastewaters from farmer’s households living around the project
65
area. However, it should be implemented a more intensive study of the fauna in the
locations near to the project to have a solid legal basis for future comparation of the
environmental degradation.
2.3. SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS
As of May 5, 2013 the population of An Phuoc village is 28 896 people. According to
a report on the resolution implementation of the People's Council on Social, Economic
and Defense Security Indicators in the year of 2012, the socio-economic situation of
An Phuoc commune as follows:
2.3.1. The Economic Development
An Phuoc Commune is the area with large agricultural land, undeveloped
infrastructure. Agricultural and livestock production are main economic sectors with
average income per capita is 29 million/year (according to survey data for the new
rural construction). The commune budget revenue is as follows:
- Total commune budget revenue: 5,944,535,716VND/3,404,815,000VND reached
174.62%;
- Total expenses budget: 5,867,384,905VND/4,872,415,000VND reached 120.42%
(including basic construction budget: 3,339,981,086VND and remaining one for
salaries and activities payment.
According to report on the socio-economic situation in 2010 year of the People
Committee of An Phuoc commune, the socio-economic situation status of the
commune is as follows:
(1).Agriculture
Annual crops: The total planted area of 475ha, including:
(i). Rice
Rice: 175ha/300ha, reaching 58.33% of the plan:
- The winter-spring: area of 150ha/150ha, productivity of 4.5 tons/ha, yield of 675
tons;
- The summer-autum: area of 25ha/150ha, productivity of 4,0 tons/ha, yield of 100
tons;
- Tapioca: area of 300ha/300ha, reached 100% of the plan. However, until now the
fugal infection area is approximately 200ha, which likely to be damaged, the
remaining area is expected to be harvested early with reduction of 70% productivity
and low costs due to poor quality.
(ii).Perennial crops:
- Now in the commune there is 558.6 ha of perennial crops of all kinds, down 47 ha
66
over the same period in 2009, the reduced areas are mostly including 242.25 hectares
fruit trees of all kinds, cashew of 262.5 , smallholding rubber of 7.85 ha;
- In 2010 due to erratic weather conditions, the first rain of the season early occur in
the flowering period, therefore, the cashew trees is infected with a lot of diseases,
which led to high yield losses of approximately 65% with unstable prices, that affect to
the producers. The area of fruit trees is generally stable.
(2).Forestry
Currently, the total forest area in the commune is 585ha, increasing 65ha over the
same period in 2009. The reason of this situation is as follows : some farmers stop to
plant cashew and tapioca and switch to planting forest trees, mainly Acacia trees. In
2010, local authority well implement the fire fighting measures, therefore, there was
not any forest fire case happened.
(3).Livestock
Currently the local livestock sector is gradually shifting to big scaled farms with a total
herd of 1,536 cows, 9,958 pigs, 138,000 chickens. Number of poultry, cattle herds
were basically managed to prevent the disease. In 2008 there was no unusual infection
disease occurred. However, the livestock branch has many complicated changes,
therefore, the income of producers is only stable. In the middle of the third quarter to
date, the prices of output products suddenly declined, while prices of input foods are
only gradually reduced, therefore, many farmers, especially pig farmers have capital
losses and meet a lot of financial difficulties.
(4).The industry - services - commercial – handicraft branches
(i).Industry branch:
In general, the industrial development in the commune is relatively stable. At the
present An Phuoc Industrial Zone, 02 industrial clusters and a number of industrial
enterprises located outside IZ are being stably operated.
(ii).The service – commercial branch:
Situation of services - commercial branch development is relatively stable, the number
of households operating in this branch is 1,109, including mainly accommodation for
rent, catering, refreshments.
(iii).Handicraft branch:
Currently there are 249 handicraft production households, which mainly focus in the
following branch groups: construction, steel, mechanical, carpentry, sewing etc.
Overall, these households are being stably operated.
67
2.3.2. The Social Development
(1).Culture- Information - Sports
(i).Culture- Information
The authority of An Phuoc commune have coordinated with the Department of Culture,
Sport and Tourism of Dong Nai province to organize cultural nights, public holidays,
widescreen movies for serving the people and workers.
The commune have participated in the contest organized by the district and joined the
Culture - Arts – Sports exchanges.
(ii).Sports
The local authority have organized the traditional games, and participated in the Phu
Dong district’s health festival; organized friendly football matches between secondary
schools, organized the tradition football championship of An Phuoc commune in 2012.
To maintain regular activities, exercise in the tennis clubs, amateurs forum, nursing
teams, the traditional martial arts classes, karatedo at the Cultural and Sports Center of
the commune.
To coordinate with the related authorities, knowledge dissemination on traffic road
laws, laws on compensation and resettlement support etc.
(2).Health, Population and Family Planning
(i).The work of children's health care
To organize to vaccinate for 221 children under 6 years with enough doses, injection
of 5 in 1 for 73 children, Rubela service vaccination for 345 children, 224 pregnant
women, children drinking Vitamin A for 756 children, supplying the Health Insurance
Card for 353 children under 6 years old.
(ii).The work of school health:
To organize disease examination and tooth extraction for elementary school students.
The medical examination and patient’s treatment
Commune health station in the year have implemented the medical examination for
2,595 visits.
To generally ensure the health care for people, regularly monitor the diseases and
infectious diseases.
(iii).Public hygiene and food safety
68
Result of checking out 75 times of restaurants shown that there are 57 restaurants
meeting the standards, the remaining restaurants are required for commitment to
implement the national provisions on hygiene and food safety.
(3).Education
- The pre-school, elementary, high schools in the commune are being stably operated,
well participated in specialized movements proposed the education sector.
- Pre-school: Improving the quality of education in according to the childhood
education programs, improving the quality of nutrition and food safety;
- Secondary: The results of the academic year 2011 – 2012 shown that the number of
students passing the graduating from secondary schools is 172/172, equivalent to
100%;
- Education: maintaining universal education activities for 9 children.
(4).Social Affairs
- To support for priority and difficult families, families affected by natural disasters;
- To make sure the monthly salaries, allowances and gifts to priority families and
objects in the national holidays.
Overall Assessment: An Phuoc Commune is the area with high agriculture land,
undeveloped infrastructure, big number of working-age people, therefore, it is quite
appropriate to industrial development to promote the local economic development.
The socio-economic situation as presented above is relatively favorable for investment
in this industrial zone development in many ways to contribute to shifting economic
structure and to modernize people's lives, to create for people involving in industrial
production and accessing to advanced modern manufacturing technologies, where
enterprises investing in industrial zones bring benefits for the employees.
2.3.3. Sensitive areas affected by the Wastewater Treatment Project at An Phuoc
Industrial Zone
Water users, which may exposure to waste waters discharging from An Phuoc
Industrial Zone are mainly households living in the upstream and downstream areas
along the Nuoc Trong stream.
The people living in upstream and downstream areas located in distance of 3-5 km
from the discharge point can not use the Nuoc Trong stream water for domestic
purposes and livestock. Beside that the discharge flow of the WWTP is not high (about
2,000 m3/day, equivalent to 0.024 m3/s), waste water will be treated to meet QCVN
40:2011/BTNMT, therefore, the impacts of the treatment plant on the residents living
along the Nuoc Trong stream are negligible.
69
CHAPTER 3 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES
3.1. CRITERIA FOR SELECTION OF ALTERNATIVES
- The alternative is to ensure effective wastewater treatment, achieving QCVN
40:2011/BTNMT, column A with Kq = 0.9, Kf = 0.9;
- Location of drainage outlet is to ensure the drainage of the waste water treatment
plant, and to minimize the impacts on the environment and the people living around
the area of the waste water drainage outlet;
- Hazardous waste sludge from the wastewater treatment plant is to ensure proper
handling procedures of hazardous waste treatment, to avoid affecting the environment.
3.2. SELECTION OF WASTEWATER DISCHARGE LOCATION
The feasibility study report of the construction project of the central wastewater
treatment plant of An Phuoc Industrial Zone- Phase 1 have mentioned about 03
alternative locations for discharging wastewater into water bodies , including:
- Location 1: Treated wastewater meeting QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT will be collected
into the sewers with diameters of 300 - 500mm running along the boundary of the
industrial zone and roads connecting the IZ with the An Phuoc trade residential areas.
The wastewater then is discharged into the Nuoc Trong stream;
- Location 2: Treated wastewater meeting QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT will be collected
into the sewer with diameter of 300 - 500mm, then directly led to existing perennial
plantation area, which do not fall within the existing area of the industrial zone, the
treated effluent is discharged into Nuoc Trong stream through the discharge outlet;
- Location 3: Treated wastewater meeting QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT will be collected
into the sewers with diameters of 300 - 500mm, running along the boundary of the
Industrial Zone to the south, then the treated wastewater is discharged into the existing
small stream, connecting with Nuoc Trong stream.
After discussing with the local authority and reviewing the actual difficult situation,
locations No 2 and 3 were not selected for the reasons including environmental aspects
and procedures legal as follows:
- Location 2: the sewer line will pass through the existing perennial land outside the IZ.
At the present, the land is located outside the planned area of An Phuoc Industrial
Zone approved by the authorities earlier. So, if the alternative would be selected, it is
necessary for the IZ Management Board to apply the procedures for the industrial zone
land expansion, compensation etc. so it will take some time and will affect the
implementation schedule of Phuoc Industrial Zone. Hence, this location is not
appropriate and should not be selected;
- Location 3: Although this location is not faced the legal procedures, however, treated
waste water will be poured into the small stream before discharging into the Nuoc
70
Trong stream. Currently, according to the initial evaluation, this stream is fairly small,
therefore, it is difficult to receive the wastewater discharging from An Phuoc Industrial
Zone, especially during the rainy season. On the other hand, the planned discharge
flow of the Industrial Zone planned in Phase 2 and upcoming Phase 3 will be 6,000
m3/day. Therefore, location 3 is not selected due to the receiving capacity is not
guaranteed.
Figure 3.1. The proposed wastewater receiving point from the wastewater treatment
plant of An Phuoc Industrial Zone
Thus, from the above analysis, the treated waste water from the WWTP of An Phuoc
Industrial Zone, Phase 1 will be collected into the sewer system, then discharged into
the Nuoc Trong stream at An Vien (i.e.discharge location 1) with location coordinates
are as follows:
- Longitude: 412823.73;
- Latitude: 1199127.21.
3.3. SELECTION OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY
Before implementing investment project of the wastewater treatment plant of An
Phuoc Industrial Zone, Tin Nghia Corporation have conducted reference and draw
from the experience of the others IZs existing wastewater treatment plants. which are
operating in Dong Nai province (i.e. Bien Hoa IZ Amatra, Long Thanh Industrial Zone,
Nhon Trach 3, ...), Ho Chi Minh city (Linh Trung export Processing Zone, Tan Thuan
Industrial Zone), etc. After reviewing the composition and nature of inlet wastewater,
Position 1
Position 2
Position 3
71
effectiveness of practical wastewater treatment, advantages and disadvantages of each
project and the economic efficiency of the existing WWTPs etc. Tin Nghia
Corporation have decided to select the wastewater treatment technology, that have
been successfully applied in Nhon Trach 3- Model 1 IZ for An Phuoc Industrial Zone.
The selection of the Nhon Trach 3 - Model 1 IZ wastewater treatment technology for
An Phuoc IZ is based on the following reasons:
- Nhon Trach 3 IZ invested by Tin Nghia Corporation is the same investor for An
Phuoc IZ. So it have enough experience and capability to continue An Phuoc Industrial
Zone development;
- Nhon Trach 3 IZ wastewater treatment plant is actually operating one with high
effectiveness of wastewater treatment, which usually meet QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT
column A;
- Nhon Trach 3 IZ has similar attracted industries and wastewater composition
comparing with those of An Phuoc Industrial Zone;
- Technology applied in Nhon Trach 3 IZ is common one with simple operation,
saving investment, handling and equipment’s maintenance costs;
- WWTP is stably operated to meet the changes in flow and pollutant concentrations,
reliability and longevity;
- Sludge treatment technology is thorough including physico-chemical and biological
treatment, which meet the regulations on solid waste management;
- Treatment plant is automatically controlled by PLC, SCADA to use integrated
controls;
- The system has the ability to connect when expanding capacity, synchronization with
the surrounding landscape;
- Less odor emitted from the WWTP into the environment;
- Meeting the requirements on the landuse, natural conditions, as well as economic
conditions.
Technology of Nhon Trach 3 IZ wastewater treatment plant is presented as follows:
(1).The processing steps
- Treatment level 1 (preliminary treatment):
+ Separation mineral oil.
+ Removing garbage, coarse and fine particles.
+ Physico-chemical treatment (coagulation, flocculation).
+ Separation of mineral oil.
- Treatment level 2 (biological treatment): Applying the aerobic activated sludge
technology for removal of suspended organic matter, reduction of BOD, COD
concentrations.
- Treatment level 3:
+ Completing wastewater treatment after biological treatment with biological
72
pond.
+ Wastewater disinfection.
+ Residual sludge treatment:
+ Sludge compression and reduction of moisture content of the sludge by belt
press conveyor.
(2).Flow Diagram of wastewater treatment technology
Flow Diagram of wastewater treatment technology is presented in Figure 3.2.
+ Description of the technological process
- Wastewaters from the plants in the Industrial Zone will be collected into the sewer
system to manholes of the central waste water treatment plant with a maximum flow of
2,000 m3/day in phase 1. Before entering the pumping station, wastewater is pumped
into the coarse solid waste screening equipment to remove large size solid wastes from
the flow. From pumping station, wastewater is pumped to the fine solid waste
screening devices to remove the solid wastes with size of greater than 1.5 mm, then
flow through the balance tank. Balance tank is equipped with submersible stirs to
regulate composition, properties of wastewater, to avoid sedimentation and anaerobic
treatment occurred, and also in the tank there is chemical dosing system to neutralize
pH of waste water;
- When the inlet waste waters containing heavy metals or colors concentrations beyond
the design parameters will be led through the physico-chemical treatment unit,
including a coagulation tank, where wastewater, chemical coagulant are mixed, then
the flocculation process happen in the flocculation tank to form sludge particles.
Chemical clarifier will separate the sludge from the wastewater. The sludge will be led
to the sludge compression tank, the wastewater continues to flow through an oil
separator;
- When the inlet waste waters containing heavy metals or colors concentrations within
the design parameters will be led through physico-chemical treatment unit, but
coagulant will not be injected, then wastewater will flow through the oil separator;
- At the oil separator, oil is separated from wastewater and collected in wastewater
storage tank, that continues to flow to aerobic activated sludge treatment tank;
- Wastewater from aerobic treatment tank flows through the primary sedimentation
tank to separate activated sludge from wastewater, a part of activated sludge will be
circulated back the aerobic treatment tank to maintain concentrations and types of
microbs, which are suitable for the tank operation, the excess sludge is pumped
through the sludge compression tank. Wastewater from the secondary sedimentation
tank flows to disinfection unit and flow will be measured, where the wastewaters will
be injected by disinfection chemicals to ensure the microbiological parameters before
discharging into the biological pond;
- Biological pond has buffer function and thoroughly treat wastewater before it is
discharged into the environment.
73
Figure 3.2. Flow diagram of the wastewater treatment technology of Nhon Trach 3 IZ
(3).Wastewater Treatment effect
The Nhon Trach 3 IZ wastewater treatment plant is effective. The results of the
wastewater analysis discharging from Nhon Trach 3 IZ WWTP are presented in tables
Classification –
treatment of
hazardous wastes
Waste water pumping station
Fine solid waste screening
Balance tank
Primary clarifier
Oil separation tank
Coagulation tank
Flocculation tank
Aerotank
Secondary clarifier
Disinfection tank and flow measurement
Biological pond
Sludge coagulation equipment
Sludge dewatering
Sludge compression tank
Wat
er
Disinfection
agent
Nutrients
Air
WASTEWATER (2.000 m3/d)
Coarse solid waste screening
pH
adjustment
chemicals
Air
Water Drainage System of IP
Coarse solid waste: 7 – 10 kg/day
Fine solid waste: 5 kg/day
74
3.1 and 3.2 and the updated results in September and November 2011 presented in the
following table:
Table 3.1. Results of wastewater quality analysis in the wastewater treatment plant of
Nhon Trach 3 IZ (September 2011).
No Indicator Unit September Results/2011 QCVN
40:2011/BTNMT
column B
Kq=1.1;Kf=1.0
Before
treatment
(balance
tank)
After
treatment
1 pH - 6.2 7.2 5.5 – 9
2 COD mg O2/l 760 ND (LOD=10) 165
3 BOD5 mg O2/l 330 9 55
4 TSS mg/l 148 48 110
5 Color Pt-Co 42 13 165
6 N-NH4+ mg/l 25.8 ND
(LOD=0.056) 11
7 Total Nitrogen mg/l 27.3 4.8 44
8 Total Phosphorus mg/l 9.4 1.72 6.6
9 CN- mg/l 0.013 ND
(LOD=0.005) 0.11
10 Cr6+ mg/l ND
(LOD=0.01)
ND
(LOD=0.01) 0.11
11 Cr3+ mg/l ND
(LOD=0.025)
ND
(LOD=0.025) 1.1
12 Fe mg/l 1,37 ND
(LOD=0.06) 5.5
13 Zn mg/l 0,19 0.21 3.3
14 Cu mg/l ND
(LOD=0.1)
0.18 2.2
15 As mg/l ND
(LOD=0,001)
ND
(LOD=0,1) 2.2
16 Hg mg/l ND
(LOD=0,001)
0.003 0.011
17 Pb mg/l 0,036 ND
(LOD=0.001) 0.55
18 Cd mg/l ND
(LOD=0,005)
ND
(LOD=0.01) 0.11
19 Ni mg/l ND
(LOD=0,06)
ND
(LOD=0,005) 0.55
20 Mineral oil mg/l 12.6 ND (LOD=3) 11
21 Vegetable Oil
and Fats
mg/l 7.26 ND -
22 S2- mg/l 2.83 ND 0.55
23 Cl2 mg/l ND
(LOD=0.1)
1.85 2.2
75
No Indicator Unit September Results/2011 QCVN
40:2011/BTNMT
column B
Kq=1.1;Kf=1.0
Before
treatment
(balance
tank)
After
treatment
24 Organophosphate
pesticides
µg/L 0.0073 ND
(LOD=0.001) 1.1
25 Chlorinated
organic
pesticides
µg/L ND
(LDO=0,0005)
ND
(LOD=0.0005) 0.11
26 Phenol µg/L 0.08 ND
(LOD=0.01) 0.55
27 Coliforms MPN/
100mL
3.5x106 < 1,8 5500
Source: The report on environmental monitoring of Nhon Trach 3 Industrial Zone,
Phase 2, 2011.
Table 3.2. Results of wastewater quality analysis in the wastewater treatment plant of
Nhon Trach 3 IZ (November 2011)
No Indicator Unit September Results/2011 QCVN
40:2011/BTNMT
column B
Kq=1.1;Kf=1.0
Before
treatment
After
treatment
1 pH - 6.69 8.47 5.5 – 9
2 Color Pt-Co 278 13 165
3 BOD5 mg/l 192 18 55
4 COD mg/l 104 39 110
5 TSS mg/l 55 25 165
6 N-NH4 + mg/l 34.2 ND (<0,5) 11
7 Total Nitrogen mg/l 46.2 18.1 44
8 Total
phosphorous
mg/l 8.18 1.58 6,6
9 CN- mg/l ND (<0.005) ND (<0.005) 0.11
10 Cr6+ mg/l ND (<0.01) ND (<0.01) 0.11
11 Cr3+ mg/l 0.024 0.009 1.1
12 Ni mg/l 2.199 0.017 5.5
13 Fe mg/l 0.081 0.619 3.3
14 Zn mg/l 0.098 0.011 2.2
15 Cu mg/l 0.017 0.076 2.2
16 As mg/l ND (<0.004) ND (<0.004) 0.011
17 Hg mg/l 0.167 ND (<0.004) 0.55
18 Pb mg/l ND
(<0.0002)
0.026 0.11
19 Cd mg/l ND (<0.001) ND
(<0.0002) 0.55
20 mineral oil mg/l 1.7 ND (<0.01) 11
76
No Indicator Unit September Results/2011 QCVN
40:2011/BTNMT
column B
Kq=1.1;Kf=1.0
Before
treatment
After
treatment
21 Oil and grease
interviewer
mg/l 3.3 ND (<0.01) -
22 S2- mg/l 2.0 ND (<0.1) 0.55
23 Cl2 mg/l - ND (<0.1) 2.2
24 Organophosphate
pesticides
mg/l ND (<0.1) ND (<0.1) 1.1
25 Chlorinated
organic
pesticides
mg/l ND (<0.1) ND (0.1) 0.11
26 Phenol mg/l 0.052 ND (<0.005) 0.55
27 Coliform MPN/
100mL
43x103 ND (<3) 5500
Source: The report on environmental monitoring of Nhon Trach 3 Industrial Zone,
Phase 2, 2011.
Note:
- Sampling and analysis in September, 2011 implemented by Sonadezi Service
Corporation.
- Sampling and analysis in November, 2011 implemented by the Center for
Environmental Technology and Management.
- QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT - National technical regulation on industrial wastewater,
column B, with Kq = 1.1 (Thi Vai river flow> 200 m3/s) and Kf = 1.0 (Wastewater
flow ≤ 2,000m3/day).
The results of water quality monitoring shown that the indicator parameters of the
outlet waste water of the Nhon Trach 3 wastewater treatment plant are lower than the
allowable limits of QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT.
Thus, the application of the Nhon Trach 3-Module 1 IZ wastewater treatment
technology for An Phuoc IZ is fully consistent with the actual condition and outlet
wastewater will meet the national technical regulation before discharging into the
receiving water body. Wastewater treatment plant of An Phuoc Industrial Zone will
also be studied further improvements to improve the efficiency of wastewater
treatment than to ensure effluent quality standards before reaching receiving water
discharge in a good way most. Specifically, Oil separation tank was moving forward
Balancing tank with the main purpose: To prevent the abrasion of pumping motors in
the successive treatment works; To prevent the strange substance in biological
treatment tank which can cause agglomeration into the solids floating in biological
tank, which leads to less efficient treatment system .
3.4. SELECTION OF SLUDGE TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY
77
Sludge treatment technology generated from the wastewater treatment plant of An
Phuoc Industrial Zone-Phase 1 (Module 1): Excess sludge from the primary and
secondary clarifiers will be pumped to the compressed mud tank periodically, where
sewage sludge is concentrated by gravity sedimentation method, then collected to the
tank bottom by the sediment brusher system. Depending on the concentration of
biomass in the sludge tank that total dissolved solids (TDS) ranging from 2-3% before
being pumped into the sludge dewatering process for separating water from the mud.
Sludge after dewatering in the form of cake will be packaged and stored in a dry mud
warehouse before bringing to sanitary landfills. Wastewater from sludge tank and
excess sludge dewatering will be circulated to the pump pit for reprocessing.
The project owner will sign contracts with Tai Tien Co., Ltd, Sao Viet Joint Stock
Environment Company, for collecting and handling whole sludge in accordance with
the provisions of the current law.
Hazardous waste treatment technologies of the mentioned above companies has been
licensed by the Vietnam Environment Administration within Ministry of Natural
Resources and Environment.
Hazardous sludge generated from the CETP operation will be treated by one of two
companies with full compliance regulation.
Option 1: Treatment at Tai Tien Waste Treatment Plant
- Sludge transport route: An Phuoc IZ - Hanoi Boulevard - Ho Nai District - Trang Bom
District - Tay Hoa District - Tai Tien hazardous treatment plant (22 kilometer).
78
Exhibit sludge transport route
- Sludge Treatment Technology at Tai Tien Ltd. Co.
+ The dried and dewatered sludge contains hazardous substances will be mixed with cement,
then compressed into blocks to reduce pollution disperse into the environment. As cement
has high alkalinity, the heavy metals will kept under hydroxide or carbonate salts.
+ The compressing often also often include Ca(OH)2 solution (to increase its acidity), or coal
slag. Coal slag and Ca(OH)2 can stabilize As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mg, Se, Ag, Zn…The
blocks will then be landfilled under required standard inside the treatment plant border, rather
than hand it to third party.
− The % of mixing based on mass is as below:
Hazardous Wastes Incineration Slag Cement Lime Sand Water
100 20 35 10 100 65
30% 6% 10% 3% 30% 19%
The diagram for solidifying process can be seen as below:
An Phuoc IZ
Tai Tien Co, Ltd
79
Figure 6: Sludge solidifying process
(1). Tai Tien landfill site
Tai Tien landfill site is constructed based on design TCXDVN 261:2001 with double layers
and 2 trends to collect landfill leachate.
− Total potential landfill volume: 61,378 m3
− Filled duration: 8 years (if the landfilling rate of hazardous solid wastes is 10 tons/
day).
− Actual landfilling rate at this point: 380 kg/day or around 10 tons per months
Option 2: Treatment at Sao Viet Waste Treatment Plant
Sludge Route
Sao Viet waste treatment plant is located inside Toc Tien disposal site.
Landfilling
Mixing
Incineration slag Inorganic Sludge
Additions
Compressing
Test/
sample
80
Exhibit sludge haulage route to Sao Viet Waste Treatment Plant at Toc Tien Site
Sludge Treatment Technology
Sao Viet applies incinerator for waste treatment, and wet cyclone and absorption tower for
treating flue gas. The treatment process is presented in Figure 8. Its capacity is 1,000 kg/h.
Here are some representative parameters for the treatment system:
- Primary combustion: to = 500-600oC;
- Secondary combustion: to = 1,100-1,200oC, t = 4-5s;
- Oxidation/catalyst: enhance the oxidation of CO, CxHy to CO2 and H2O;
- Wet cyclone: reduce dust ≥ 20µm;
An Phuoc IZ
Sao Viet Co, Ltd
81
82
CHAPTER 4 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
4.1. IMPACT SOURCES, OBJECTS AND SCALE
The investment in the construction of the waste water treatment plant with capacity of
2,000 m3/day is entirely consistent with the policy of socio-economic development and
environmental protection, which contribute to solving the environmental problems of
the Industrial Zone. However, in addition to the positive impacts, construction and
operation of the project may cause negative impacts on the environment and the socio-
economic development if there are without the mitigation and appropriate treatment
measures. The environmental impact of the project arises primarily in two phases:
- Preparation and construction phase;
- Operation phase.
On that basis, the project’s activities which may cause negative environmental impacts
to natural and socio-economic development can be identified and evaluated as follows:
4.1.1. Construction Phase
(1).Impact Sources
(i).Waste related impacts
The project’s activities and waste related impact sources in construction phase are
presented in Table 4.1.
Table 4.1. Sources of waste related environmental impacts in the preparation and
construction phases
NO. THE ACTIVITIES IMPACT SOURCES
01 Leveling, camp preparation, road
construction.
- Dust emissions arising from the
transport, machinery and
construction equipment.
- Storm water runoff, flooding, mud
02 Construction - Dust arising from leveling the
ground.
- Dust emissions from trucks
transporting construction materials
such as iron, sand, bricks, cement,
iron, steel etc.
- Solid waste arising from the
construction process.
- Stormwater runoff over the entire
project area swept by the soil, rocks,
83
greasy water in the streams.
03 Installation of equipment in process
technology and backend parts such as
electrical systems, water, chemical
suppliers etc,
- Dust, fumes arising from the
construction process with heating:
cutting, welding metal etc.
- Dust emissions from the transport
device.
- Solid waste such as viscous oily
rags, chemicals containers, metal
blanks etc.
04 Activity gathering, storing fuel, raw
materials.
- Dust from unloading construction
materials.
- Vapors of gasoline, paint from
gasoline, paint containers.
05 Activities of construction workers Wastewater and solid waste
generated from activities of
construction workers.
(ii).The none-waste related impact sources
The none-waste related impact sources in the preparation and construction phases are
presented in Table 4.2.
Table 4.2. Sources of none-waste related environmental impacts in the preparation and
construction phases
No. Impact Sources
1 Change of land use purposes.
2 Erosion, sedimentation of the Nuoc Trong stream at the segment flowing through
the project area.
3 Noise and vibration from construction activities and equipment installation.
4 Residual heat pollution
5 Local flooding
6 Fire incidents, accidents in the construction process.
7 The workers going in and out the project area may cause disturbance of the local
life
(2). Affected objects and scales
Affected objects and scales in the preparation and construction phases are presented in
Table 4.3.
84
Table 4.3. Affected Subjects and Scale in the Construction Phase
No. Activity Affected
objects
Effected
Scales
Duration of
impact
Level of
impact
1 Leveling the
construction
area.
Preparing
camps, road
construction
- Impact on the
ambient air
environment ;
- Impact on
water: rainwater
runoff entrained
dirt, garbage,
oil spillage,
domestic
wastewater of
workers;
- Impact on land
environment:
Construction
solid waste
generation ,
domestic solid
waste from
activities of
workers
- Health
workers and
community
around the
project area
The project
area and
adjacent,
during
construction
of the project
- During
construction
- Inevitably,
insignificant;
- light,
temporary
2 Transportation
of raw materials
- Air pollution
(dust, gases,
noise and
vibration).
- Environmental
pollution to
water: rainwater
runoff entrained
dirt, garbage,
oil leakage or
spillage of
materials;
- Health
workers and
community
around the
project area.
The project
area and the
surrounding
areas and
transport
routes.
- During
construction
- Inevitably,
insignificant
- moderate,
temporary.
3 - Developing the - Air pollution The project - During - Inevitably,
85
technical
infrastructure,
including the
treatment tank,
pipeline
systems, power
supply, water
supply and
drainage,
ancillary
works, ...
- Installation of
equipment.
(dust emission).
- Pollution of
water: rainwater
runoff,
domestic
wastewater of
construction
workers.
- Impact on land
environment:
Solid waste
generation,
solid waste of
workers.
- Changing the
scenery and
beauty of the
entire area
- Health
workers and
community
around the
project area
area and the
surrounding
area during
the
construction
process
construction
insignificant
- light,
temporary;
4 Welding,
cutting,
painting, metal
spraying
- Air pollution
(dust emission).
- Workers
health
The project
area
During
project
construction
- Inevitably,
insignificant;
- Light,
temporary
5 Activities of
concrete
mixers ...
- Air pollution
- Water
pollution:
stormwater
runoff entrained
dirt, garbage,
spilled oil
increases the
turbidity of
surface water
- Workers
health
The project
area
During
project
construction
Light,
temporary
6 Activities in the
field of workers
- Water
pollution
- Soil pollution.
The project
area and
surrounding
areas
During
project
construction
- Inevitably,
not great;
- Light,
temporary.
7 Cleaning up the
landscaping
after
Air pollution The project
area
During
project
construction
- Light,
temporary.
86
construction
4.1.2. Operation Phase
(1).Impact sources
(i).Waste related impact sources
During the project’s operation phase, possible waste related impact sources are
presented in Table 4.4.
Table 4.4. Sources of waste related environmental impacts in the operation phase
No. Activity Impact Sources
I Impact on air quality
I.1 Transportation activities ,
transportation of chemicals,
sludge
Odor, gases, dust, chemical fumes leakage.
I.2 Wastewaters - Odor due to fermentation and anaerobic
decomposition of organic matter in the
wastewater treatment process.
- The odor of the sludge from the sludge drying
yards.
II Impact on the water quality
II.1 Wastewaters - Wastewater Treatment Plant.
- Sewage leakages, overflow due to malfunction.
II.2 Activities of the operators. Domestic wastewater of officers and employees
may contain impurities, suspended solids, organic
matter, nutrients and micro-organisms.
II.3 Stormwater runoff Rain water flowing through the project area
swept dirt, garbage spilled into water.
III Solid waste generation
II.1 Wastewaters Garbage, sludge from operating activities of the
central wastewater treatment plant
III.2 Activities of employees Domestic wastes
(ii).The none-waste related impact sources
During the project’s operation phase, the non-waste related impact sources are
identified in Table 4.5.
Table 4.5. Sources of none-waste related environmental impacts in the operation
phase
No. Impact Sources
87
1 Noise, vibration from the sewage pumps, agitators, air blowers.
2 Residual heat from the operation of machinery, equipment of the central
wastewater treatment plant
3 Sedimentation of the Nuoc Trong stream in the project’s area
(2).Affected objects and scales
Affected objects and scales during the project’s operation are presented in Table 4.6.
Table 4.6. Affected Subjects and Scale in the Operation Phase
No. Affected
objects
Affected Scale Duration
of impact
Level of
impact
1 The air The ambient air in the areas
surrounding the wastewater
treatment plant
During
Operation
Moderate,
long-term
2 Surface water The Nuoc Trong stream is the
receiving water after handling
wastewater and stormwater
runoff.
During
Operation
Large, long-
term
3 Groundwater The project area and vicinity. During
Operation
Moderate,
long-term
4 Road
infrastructure
Transportation system in the
project area would be degraded
by chemical transport activities
During
Operation
Light, long-
term
5 Employee The entire operation of the
project staff and staff working in
the waste water treatment plant
During
Operation
Moderate,
long-term
6 Households live
two roads
Road routine of vehicle
activities.
During
Operation
Light,
instant
7 Local Residents Around the area of the
wastewater treatment plant
During
Operation
Moderate,
long-term
4.2. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
4.2.1. Construction Phase
(1).Impact on air environment
The activities and sources impacts during construction and installation of equipment
for the project is presented in Table 4.1 above, the activities caused air pollution are as
follows:
- Dust by ground leveling and project’s construction;
- The dust arising during transportation and loading and unloading of materials:
88
- Raw materials for construction and installation of waste water treatment plant (stone,
sand, bricks, cement, iron and steel);
- Equipment and machinery for the construction and installation of the central waste
water treatment plant.
- Dust, oil vapors arising in the process regrouped, storing fuel, raw materials;
- Coal dust and gases SO2, NO2, CO, THC because the exhaust fumes of vehicles
transporting sand, stones, bricks, cement, steel, equipment, fuel etc., smoke exhaust
devices for construction machinery (concrete mixers, cranes);
- Fuel, spilled materials (sand, stone, cement, oil, paint);
- Radiation from the construction process with heating, welding fumes (such as the
process of cutting, welding steel, cutting, welding equipment for assembly);
These project have impacts on the environment and worker health. In particular, the
impact of dust, vehicle exhaust and noise is shipping three main impacts of the
construction process. These effects will be detailed evaluated as follows:
(i).Impact of ground leveling
The area selected for project’s construction is relatively flat. The total area of waste
water treatment plant is 01ha. Thus the soil volume for ground leveling is very little.
Therefore, the effect of ground leveling on the air environment is negligible.
(ii).The impact of emissions from the transportation of raw materials and equipment
The transportation of materials and equipment will generate dust and pollutants such
as COx, NOx, SOx, and THC etc. This kind of pollution sources is scattered and
difficult to control.
According to the report "Research on control measures of air pollution in the road
traffic in Ho Chi Minh City "shows the average amount of fuel is consumed for the
vehicles as follows:
- 2 wheel motorcycles : 0.03 liters/km;
- Gasoline cars : 0.15 liters/km;
- Diesel cars : 0.3 liters/km.
The transportation means, which regrouped materials for the construction of technical
infrastructure, equipment installation of the waste water treatment plant are used as oil
fuel and vehicles with payloads of 10 tons/car .
Estimates of total number of vehicles transporting raw materials and equipment going
in and out the project area is about Nt = 5 times/day.
89
The number of construction workers is about 120 people, all of them are not living in
the field.
Number of motorcycles going in and out the project area is about: Nm = 30 times/day.
The diameter of the area affected by traffic emissions range l = 2 km:
-Total number of the vehicles going in and out the project area in 01 day is: N = (Nt +
Nm) = 35 vehicles/day;
- The total distance of trucks travelling in 01 day is Lt = Nt x 2 = 10 km/day;
- The total distance of motorcycles running in 01 day is Lm = Nm x 2 = 60 km/day;
- The total amount of fuel (oil) providing trucks is: Qt = 0.3 (l/km) x 10 (km/day) = 3
liters/day;
- The total amount of fuel (petrol) providing the motorcycles is: Qm = 0.03 (l/km) 60
(km /day) = 1.8 liters / day;
- The total amount of fuel used is: Q = 4.8 l/day, rounded up to 5 liters/day.
Based on the pollution factors of the World Health Organization (WHO), the daily
average emissions caused by transport activities are presented in Table 4.7.
Table 4.7. Air Pollution Loads and Concentration Caused by the Transportation of
Construction Materials
No. Pollutants
Pollution
coefficient
(kg / liter)
Pollution load
(kg / day)
Concentration
(mg/m3/1h)
QCVN 05:2009 /
BTNMT
(mg/m3/1h)
01 Dust 0.005 0,025 11.14 0,3
02 SO2 0.00625 0,008 3.57 0,35
03 NO2 0.01 0,05 22.28 0,2
04 CO 0.075 0,375 167.11 30
05 THC 0.01 0,05 22.28 5(*)
Note:
- The total amount of fuel used is: 5 liters/day;
- Sulfur content in oil: 0.25%;
- Save emissions: When the engine is burning 01 kg of fuel, volume of air emission
generated 22 m3;
- Density of DO oil: 1 liter = 0.85 kg diesel oil ;
- The total volume of diesel oil used: 4.25 kg / h;
- Total emissions arising from the transportation of garbage: 93.5 m3;
- QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT - National technical regulation on ambient air quality.
- (*) QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT - National technical regulations on hazardous
substances in the ambient air.
90
Comment: Comparing the concentrations of pollutants in the exhaust gas with the
ambient air quality regulations shown that concentrations of all pollutants will exceed
the traffic air emissions regulations. However, the concentration of pollutants in Table
3.4 are calculated at the point of emission (exhausted pipe of the car). Concentrations
of pollutants in the air will be reduced by the following factors such as the
concentration dilution; respiratory process of trees. On the other hand, the project is
located within An Phuoc Industrial Zone away from the nearest residential area
approximately 1.2 km to the north-east. Thus, the level of impact of this pollution
source has been reduced.
(iii).Impact due to welding operations, cutting, painting, metal spraying
During the construction of the central wastewater treatment plant, welding, cutting,
painting, metal spraying activities occurs frequently. These processes are used the
following devices such as welding, gas welding, the materials (iron, steel, etc.), which
cause the negative impact on the environment.
Toxic welding emissions generated during welding will impact on the surrounding air
quality and impact directly on the health of workers. Most of the toxic emissions
contains heavy metals such as Zn, Cu, Hg, Cr with highly toxicity and very persistent.
Also the materials used in the coating, plating processes such as metal particles,
chemicals, paints, solvents, etc. will emit the vapor, mist, dust, rust, and little of
substance chemical, which also cause negative impacts on the ambient air quality and
health of construction workers.
Due to the effects of the welding process, cutting, painting, metal spraying occurs
frequently in the construction phase, the project owner will adopt measures to
minimize adverse effects, such as arrangement of paint, spraying processes in the
areas with little workers and providing the labor protection devices for construction
workers
(iv). Impacts due to staying and living of workers in the field
The number of employees working in the field is around 120 people. The process of
the daily worker’s activities cause the impacts on air quality due to the following
reasons:
- Odor (NH3, H2S, mercaptan HS-R) generated from domestic wastewater;
- The gas generated by the decomposition of organic waste;
- The odor emanating from the septic tank, the organic waste.
In general, the level of impact on regional air quality due to activities of workers is
negligible and time of impact is short.
(v).Noise impacts from project construction activities
91
For the project, the construction activities will cause noise pollution, including:
- Leveling for project’s construction (graders, rollers);
- The construction and installation of the central waste water treatment plant (concrete
mixers, trucks, forklifts);
- Landscape and cleaning (bulldozer, bucket back, spreaders, trucks, forklifts).
Noise from construction equipment is generally not continuous, depending on the type
of activities and the machinery and equipment used. The machinery and equipment
used in the construction of the individual are considered as point sources.
Specific noise standards for the machinery and equipment used for traffic works "U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency- Noise from construction equipment and
construction machinery NJID, 300.1, 31 - 12-1971 " are presented in Table 4.8.
Table 4.8. Noice levels from machinery and equipment located in 8 m distance from
the construction area
No. Machinery and equipment Noise level (dBA)
The process of leveling and compaction
1 Bulldozers 80
2 Truck 83 – 94
3 Grabs 72 – 93
4 Scaler 80 – 93
Paving process
1 Paver 86 – 88
2 Truck 83 – 94
3 Compactors 74 – 77
Landscape and cleanup
1 Bulldozers 80
2 reverse Bucket 72 – 93
3 Truck 83 – 94
4 Forklift 72 – 84
The process of digging and transporting soil
1 Bulldozers 80
2 Truck 83 – 94
3 Grabs 72 – 93
4 Scaler 80 – 93
Construction
1 Cranes 75 – 77
2 Welder 71 – 82
3 Concrete mixers 74 – 88
4 concrete Pump 81 – 84
92
5 Concrete vibrator 76
6 Air Compressors 74 – 87
7 Pneumatic tools 81 – 98
8 Bulldozers 80
9 Truck 83 – 94
10 Forklift 72 – 84
11 Paver 86 – 98
12 Punchers 81 – 98
Source: Environmental Protection Commission U.S.
From sources that predicted noise levels and noise levels calculated in the recipients
by the following formula:
∑=∑
n
i
Li.1,010lg10L
- LΣ : Is the total noise level;
- Li: is the noise source i;
- n: the total number of noise sources.
Calculated results of the noise level of the source are presented in Table 4.9.
Table 4.9. Calculated results of noise level (dBA) during the construction phase
No. Activity The noise from the construction site
8m (dBA)
01 Activities of ground breaking 85 – 95
02 Excavating and earth moving
construction 86 – 98
03 Construction of buildings 86 – 93
04 Leveling and road works 87 – 96
05 Sprinkle the road surface and
building 88 – 95
06 Landscape and cleanup 89 – 97
During construction, the sound characteristics of noise sources are usually identified at
an altitude of 1.2 to 1.5 m above the road surface at a range of noise sources from r1
(m) already know, usually 8 m for the noise source. The noise level in the range r2> r1
will reduce the noise level in more than one value is approximately r1? L (dB)
according to the following formula:
)dB(lg20L
a1
1
2
r
r+
=∆
Among them: a system is affected by the topography of the ground to absorb and
reflect noise, with:
- A = - 0.1 with asphalt and concrete;
93
- A = 0 for bare ground without vegetation;
- A = 0.1 with grazing land.
Results of noise reduction with distance from the source of noise in construction, in
the case of empty ground, no barriers, presented in Table 4.10.
Table 4.10. Calculated noise levels from construction activities .
Description of activities
Source
noise
level
(dBA)
Noise levels decrease with distance
(dBA)
32 m 64 m 128 m 256 m
Activities of ground breaking 85 – 95 79 – 89 73 – 83 67 – 77 61 – 71
Excavating and earth moving
construction
86 – 98 80 – 92 74 – 86 68 – 80 62 – 74
Construction of buildings 86 – 93 80 – 87 74 – 81 68 – 75 62 – 69
San dress and road works 87 – 96 81 – 90 75 – 84 69 – 78 63 – 72
Sprinkle the road surface and
building
88 – 95 82 – 89 76 – 83 70 – 77 64 – 71
Landscape and cleanup 89 – 97 83 – 91 77 – 85 71 – 79 65 – 73
In our country there were no specified standards for noise levels for construction work
in general. However, according to standards issued for allowable noise level in the
labor workplaces (According to Decision No 3733/2002/BYT-QD) and the maximum
permissible limit of noise in public and residential areas (QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT),
the maximum allowable noise level is 70 dBA in residential areas, private homes,
motels, administrative agencies and the lowest noise level of 45 dBA at hospitals,
libraries, nursing homes, school from 21 pm to 6 am.
Maximum noise levels of the motor vehicles are presented in Table 4.11.
Table 4.11. Noise level of the motor vehicles.
No. Type of vehicle
Noise level (dBA)
QCVN 26:2010
(from 6h to 21h)
01 Trucks 93
70 (dBA) 02 4-stroke motorcycles 94
03 2- stroke motorcycles 80
According to the results of Table 3.6, the maximum noise level of the trucks (93 dBA)
exceeded the allowable standards for residential areas. However, the project is located
within the Industrial Zone with trees and far away from the nearest residential area of
about 100m to the west. Beside that, the time for the project’s construction is short (06
months) so that the level of noise impacts are assessed to be negligible.
94
(vi).Vibration level in the process construction.
The vibration emission characteristics of equipment used in construction are shown in
Table 4.12. This is the source of vibration generated from the operation of equipment
and machinery for the construction works of the wastewater treatment plant.
Table 4.12. Vibration level of a typical construction machinery
No. Activity
Reference vibration level (dB)
10m away from the
sources
30m away from the
sources
01 Dredges 80 71
02 Bulldozers 79 69
03 Truck freight service 74 64
04 Wheelchairs 82 71
05 Compressors 81 71
Source: Mackernize, 1985.
According to QCVN 27:2010/BTNMT on the vibration acceleration level, the
regulations on the vibration level for the construction activities in the residential areas,
where there are commercial, manufacturing and services and shall not exceed 75 dB.
(vii). Assessment of the air pollution impacts
Impacts of air pollutants are shown in Table 4.13.
Table 4.13. The effects of air pollutants.
No. Parameter Impact
01 Dust - Respiratory stimulates, lung sclerotherapy, lung cancer;
- Injury to the skin, cornea, digestive diseases.
02 Acid gases
(SOx, NOx). - Influencing the respiratory system, blood scattered on;
- SO2 poisoning through skin, reducing blood, alkaline reserve;
- Acid rain adversely affect the growth of vegetation and crops;
- To enhance the corrosion, material degradation of concrete and
buildings;
- Bad influence on climate, ecosystems and the ozone layer.
03 Carbon oxide
(CO) Reducing ability of blood to transport oxygen organizations cells
due to CO combines with hemoglobin-hemoglobin cacboxy.
04 Carbon dioxide
(CO2) - Causing pulmonary respiratory disorders;
- Causing the greenhouse effect;
- Impact on ecosystems.
95
No. Parameter Impact
05 Hydrocarbons Induction of acute poisoning: debilitating, dizziness, headache,
senses disturbances sometimes fatal.
(2). Impacts on the water quality:
The factors causing water pollution during project construction are:
- Domestic wastewater workers;
- Stormwater runoff over the entire area swept by dust, soil, sand, rock, raw materials
such as cement, oil, paint, etc. dropping down to affect the Nuoc Trong water quality
stream.
(i).Impact of domestic waste water by construction workers:
Impact sources on water quality during project construction is mainly due to domestic
waste water of workers. Composition of the major pollutants in domestic waste water
include: The solid residue, suspended solids (SS), organic compounds (BOD/COD),
nutrients (N, P) and pathogens (Coliform, E. Coli), which can lead to contamination of
surface water and groundwater if that is not treated.
Domestic wastewater flow is calculated on the basis of the water demand and the
number of workers. According to the construction standards the norms of living water
is 120 liters/person.day. The level of wastewater generated is 96 liters/person/day
(equivalent to about 80% supplied water).
During the project’s construction daily average number of workers can be estimated
about 30 workers. However, all of the construction workers are not staying at the site
(leaving the field after working hours) so the water level supplied for the worker’s
activities will be less, the amount of the supplied water is estimated about 60
liters/person.day. Thus, the total flow of waste water generated in the process of the
project’s construction is approximately 1.44 m3.
According to statistical calculations, for the developing countries, the pollution factors
per person daily discharging into the environment (when the waste water is untreated)
are shown in Table 4.14.
Table 4.14. Pollution factors for untreated domestic waste waters
No. Pollutants Pollution Factor
(g/person/day)
01 BOD5 45 – 54
02 COD (dicromate) 72 – 102
03 SS 70 – 145
04 NH3 2,4 – 4,8
96
No. Pollutants Pollution Factor
(g/person/day)
05 Total nitrogen (N) 6 – 12
06 Total phosphorus (P) 0,8 – 4,0
Source: Rapid Environmental Assessment, WHO, 1993.
Based on the pollution factors estimated by the rapid assessment method, the pollutant
loads generated from domestic wastewater in the construction phase can be predicted
as in table 4.15.
Table 4.15. Estimated pollution loads generated from untreated waste water in the
construction phase
No. Pollutants Load (g/person/day)
01 BOD5 1,35 – 1,62
02 COD (Dicromate) 2,16 – 3,06
03 SS 2,10 –4,35
04 NH3 0,07 – 0,14
05 Total nitrogen (N) 0,18 – 0,36
06 Total phosphorus (P) 0,02 – 0,12
The concentrations of pollutants in the waste water are calculated based on the
pollution load, wastewater discharge flow and effectiveness of 3 compartment septic
tanks (the treatment efficiency is about 55-65%), the results are presented in Table
4.16.
Table 4.16. Concentrations of pollutants in waste waters.
No. Pollutants
The concentration of pollutants (mg/l)
Untreated Treatment in
septic tanks
QCVN 14:
2008/BTNMT
(Column A)
01 BOD5 938 – 1.125 375 – 450 36
02 COD (Dicromate) 1.500 – 2.125 600 – 850 -
03 SS 1.458 – 3.021 583 – 1.208 60
04 NH3 50 - 100 20 – 40 6
05 Total nitrogen (N) 125 - 250 50 – 100 36
06 Total phosphorus (P) 17 - 83 7 – 33 7,2
Note: QCVN 14: 2008/BTNMT - National technical regulation on domestic
wastewater, column A, with K = 1.2.
Comments: Comparing with the regulations shown that, concentrations of the
untreated waste water or wastewater after septic tank treatment are exceeded pollution
regulations. However, all construction workers will use the temporary latrines or
97
mobile toilets. Thus, the level of domestic wastewater impacts caused by construction
workers is minimized to the lowest level.
(ii).Impacts arising from waste water cleaning processes, machinery maintenance
The process of cleaning and maintenance of machinery and equipment in the
construction area will generate a certain amount of wastewater containing organic
matter, suspended solids and oil. Volume and loads of pollutants at each stages are
shown in Table 4.17.
Table 4.17. Pollution concentrations of waste waters arising from the process of
cleaning and maintenance of machinery and equipment in the construction phase.
Process arising
Flow
(m3/day)
The pollution concentrations (mg/l)
COD oil and
grease SS
Maintenance of
machinery 1
20 - 30 - 50 - 80
Cleaning machines 50 - 80 1,0 - 2,0 150 - 200
QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT 100 5 100
Source: ENTEC, 2012.
Wastewater flow arising from this process is not much, as pollution indicators COD,
SS, oil and grease are lower than the regulation QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT.
(iii).Impacts on groundwater quality
The process of construction is generally not greatly affect groundwater resources.
However, the construction process can lower the water level, contaminating the
groundwater surface. In addition, the composition of fuels (gas, oil, organic solvents,
etc.) can leak from the vehicle and the equipment used, the storage warehouses in the
field will swept the rain water into the rivers, then penetrate into the soil causing
groundwater contamination in the project area. In addition, water leaks from concrete
mixing and piles, cleaning equipment can also contaminate the ground water.
(iv). Impact due to stormwater runoff
Average flow of rainwater runoff in an area of 01 ha project is estimated to reach 98.6
m3/rainy day (the average rainfall in the project area is 1,800 mm/year, not including
evaporation) and can cause negative effects such as:
- Rain water retention in the soil and wetland projects;
- Rain water swept waste, oil sludge, dirt, rocks etc. down the rivers in the project area
which increase turbidity, surface water pollution and sedimentation.
98
Estimate of the concentration of pollutants in stormwater runoff through the
implementation of the project area as shown in Table 4.18.
Table 4.18. Estimated concentrations of pollutants in stormwater runoff.
Stt Pollutants Units Concentration
1 Total nitrogen (N) mg/l 0,5 -1,5
2 Total phosphorus (P) mg/l 0,004 - 0,03
3 COD mg/l 10 – 20
4 TSS mg/l 10 – 20
Stagnant of rain water may cause the suitable environment for parasitic disease
development. However, this impact will be limited if the project owner to build
sewers and drains to avoid flooding during the rainy season.
(3).Impact on land resources and soil quality
Since the project area is located in the land planned for the industrial zone
development of the Dong Nai province so there are no impact on landuse purposes,
whereas it can increase the value of land resource in the planned areas.
During the construction phase, the potential effects caused soil pollution are mainly
fluctuations in the construction area, land disturbance, erosion increase and pollution
impacts caused by domestic and construction wastes.
Activities during the construction phase can cause the land disturbance, the impacts on
the soil environment due to soil excavation activities, grading and erosion of the
construction area. With the mentioned above activities, it can see that the impact on
the soil environment during construction is not small, which lead to the terrain change
and the landscape of the construction region.
Impact on soil environment due to worker’s domestic waste, construction wastes and
grease from construction equipment and machinery at the site: During construction,
the construction activities will generate solid waste and waste water from construction
workers' camps; the construction waste or excess losses to the environment during the
construction, oil and grease from automobiles, construction machinery, which cause
the significant impact on soil quality, contaminate the soil if there are no effective
measures implemented.
(4).Impact due to solid waste
During construction, solid wastes will be generated from the construction of the main
works and ancillary works, including cement, bricks, sand, stone, wood, scrap
material and waste (scrap metal, paint, solvents etc.) from the welding work, cutting,
painting or spraying of metal. The concentration of more construction workers can
generate domestic solid waste.
99
This domestic solid wastes generally contains the organic biodegradable matter
(except packaging, plastic, metal cans).
(i).Impact due to solid waste activities
It is estimated that each worker working in the project area emitted from 0.3 to 0.5 kg
of waste per day. So with 30 officers and employees at the site each day, the total
amount of waste generated during construction of the project is about 9-15 kg /day.
Although the volume of domestic solid waste is not too big, but if no measures
collected and treated properly, the ability to accumulate in time and build more and
more impact on air quality due to decay organic waste and surface water impacts due
to increase of water turbidity, hindering the flow, causing sedimentation. Also
facilitate the pathogenic microorganism growth, and risk arising transmitted disease
affecting the health of workers and further construction of residential areas.
(ii).Impacts due to construction waste
During the construction process, the construction solid waste will be generated
including cement, bricks, sand, stone, wood, paper, scrap material spillage.
Solid waste generated during construction was not much. Norm of construction
material losses is presented in Table 4.19.
Based on the volume of construction materials one can estimate material losses,
equivalent to the daily average amount of construction waste discharge into the
environment. The construction solid waste consist of inert ingredients. But if it is not
collected, which will affect the construction activities on the site.
(iii).Impact of hazardous waste
The hazardous solid wastes include rags grease, glue, paint, paint containers, gasoline,
battery, accumulator with negligible quantity. As some practical experience,
hazardous solid waste occupies about 5% of construction waste, which estimate about
01-02 kg/day. The amount of this waste contains harmful ingredients that can cause
negative impacts on human health and the environment if it is not collected and
properly disposed.
Table 4.19. Loss of construction materials
No. Type of material The loss of the original
construction by weight (%)
01 Yellow sand 2.0
02 Fine sand 2.0
03 Cable types 2,.0
100
No. Type of material The loss of the original
construction by weight (%)
04 Paint 2.0
05 Gravel and stone 2.0
06 Iron and steel 0.5
07 Cement 1.0
08 Wooden sleepers 0.5
09 Panels 3.0
Source: Environmental Technology Center (ENTEC), 2012.
(5).The impact on socio-economic development
(i).The beneficial effects
Construction phase of the project could bring a positive impact to the socio-economic
development as follows:
- Mobilizing an idle workforce in the project area;
- Contributing to increasing labour and temporary income for workers;
- Stimulating development of some types of food services, activities, and other
entertainment to cater to the demand of the people living in the project area.
(ii).The harmful effects
- The concentration of a construction work force (approximately 30 construction
workers per day) during the construction period may cause negative impacts to the
social order and security in the region;
- During construction, number of vehicles going in and out the project area will be
increased. Therefore, increasing the traffic density in the area, leading to increase risk
of traffic accidents.
Therefore, the project owner will take care, arrange the construction plan, mobilize
machinery, vehicles, equipment and techniques in a scientific way and manage road
safety in order to minimize the adverse effects on environmental and socio-economic
conditions.
(6).Integrated assessment of the environmental impact caused by the activities of the
project construction phase
The environmental impact caused by the activities of the construction phase of the
project are summarized in Table 4.20.
101
Table 4.20. Integrated environmental impact assessment in the construction phase
No.
Activity assessment
Land Water Air Biological
Resources
Economic
and
social
1 Leveling ** * *** ** ***
2 Transportation, gathering,
storage of materials * * *** * **
3 Building WWTP * ** ** ** **
4 Activities of workers in the
field. * ** * * **
Source: Environmental Technology Center (ENTEC), 2012.
Note:
*: Detrimental effects mild;
**: Harmful impact on the average level;
***: Detrimental effects at strong.
4.2.2. Operation Phase
Operating process of the central wastewater treatment plant will give rise to the cause
of environmental pollution: air emissions, waste water and solid waste (hazardous and
non-hazardous) with scale and different components, which are specifically evaluated
as follows
(1).Impact on air environment
(i).Air emissions from transportation activities
Activity of transport, passenger transport chemicals, sewage sludge and garbage out
on the project will generate dust emissions, SOx, NOx, CO, THC,..
According to estimates, the number of vehicles to transport chemicals (about 3
tons/day), and sewage sludge (about 1.5 to 2 tons/day) average vehicle about 2
times/day (average weight per truck use of 3.5 tons). Average transport distance for
each vehicle turns within the Industrial Zone about 1km.
According to the report "Research on control measures of air pollution in the road
traffic in Ho Chi Minh City "shows average fuel consumption of 0.3 liters of diesel
vehicles/km.
Characteristics of the types of vehicles that are using diesel oil fuel. It is estimated that
the total amount of oil used for transportation activities as the project moved into
operation about 0.6 liters/day. Based on the coefficient of pollution World Health
102
Organization (WHO) set up for transport vehicles using diesel oil fuel, the load from
3.5 to 16.0 tons, can estimate the total load of pollutants in emissions arising from the
transport process of the project in operation is shown in Table 4.21.
Table 4.21. Estimated loads and concentrations of exhaust air emission pollutants
generated from the transportation means
No. Pollutants Pollution
coefficient (kg
/ kg of fuel)
Pollution load
(kg / day)
Concentration
(mg/m3/1h)
NTR
05:2009 /
BTNMT
(mg/m3/1h)
01 Dust 0,0043 0,0022 8 0,3
02 SO2 0,005 0,0026 9 0,35
03 NO2 0,07 0,0357 133 0,3
04 CO 0,014 0,0071 27 30
05 THC 0,004 0,0020 8 5(*)
Note:
-Total fuel use is 0.6 liters / day;
- Sulfur content in the oil is 0.25%;
- Save emissions: When the engine is burning 01 kg of fuel gas generated 22 m3;
- Density of DO oil: 1 liter = 0.85 kg diesel oil diesel oil;
- The total volume of diesel oil used: 0.51 kg / h;
- Total emissions arising from transport: 11.2 m3;
- QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT - National Technical Regulation on ambient air quality;
- (*)QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT - National technical regulation on hazardous substances
in the ambient air.
Comment:
Concentrations of pollutants in emissions arising from the transport vehicle at the
table at 5:21 is the result of emission sources (vehicle exhaust). Therefore, when
released into the surrounding environment pollutants concentration is much lower, due
to be reduced by environmental factors such as the absorption capacity of trees,
thinning etc. Thus, the level of resources that impact was minimized.
(ii).Vapours
Vapours in the operational phase of major projects arising from the pumping, mixing
chemicals. Due to the use of chemicals NaOH, H2SO4 and liquid chlorine should be
pumping process can cause losses. However, the process of pumping, mixing
103
chemicals made secret, should not affect the environment significantly. Forecast
evaporation rate of about 0.05 to 0.1%, or about 0.2 to 0.5 kg/day.
(iii).Aerosols, odors from the process
Wastewater treatment plant was found to be the arising of aerosols can spread by wind
within a few tens to a few hundred meters. In aerosols, people often encounter bacteria,
mold etc. and they could be pathogens or cause allergies inhalation, by skin contact.
The formation of aerosols affect air quality around the area of the wastewater
treatment plant. For the central wastewater treatment plant, aerosol emission sources
mainly from the tank and an aerobic conditioning. According to a study of air quality
around the wastewater treatment plant, the density of airborne bacteria in the
wastewater treatment plant is presented in table 4.22.
Table 4.22. Bacterial density in the air at the wastewater treatment plant
No Bacteria Value
(CFU/m3)
Mean
(CFU/m3)
1 Total bacteria 0 - 1.290 168
2 E.Coli 0 - 240 24
3 Intestinal Bacteria and other
species
0 - 160 145
4 Mushrooms 0 - 40 16
Comment:
The odor from the treatment tank arises mainly from the tank as the conditioned tank,
Aerotank, compressed mud tank, aeration tank. However, this odor is only temporary
in nature, arising from the period of trial operation of the station.
Aerotank bubbles arising from an aeration tank bottom and the steam carries bacteria,
the bubbles generated mainly during adaptation, even when stable operation is not a
significant amount of foam.
(iv).The effects of air pollutants
In addition to the effects of air pollutants are shown in Table 4.23, as described above,
notably the impact of 02 key pollutants during operation of the project are: methane,
hydrogen sulfide.
a). Methane (CH4):
Methane gas is colorless, odorless and extremely flammable (explosive limit of 5 -
15% volume in air). The effect of methane on the environment and humans are shown
in Table 4.23.
104
Table 4.23. Impacts of methane on the environment and human health
No. Subjects Impact
1
Impact on
environmental
quality
As a greenhouse gas, 23 times higher than CO2
2
Impact on human
health
Methane is present in high concentrations in the
atmosphere will become of asphyxiation. Quality
asphyxiation replaces oxygen in the air and can cause
symptoms of oxygen deficiency. When the oxygen
concentration in the air from:
- 12-16%: Makes breathing and heart rate increases
and slight muscle contraction.
- 10-14%: disruptors and respiratory sensation,
unusual fatigue, respiratory disorders.
- 6-20%: May cause nausea and vomiting, loss of
motor skills, may be unconscious.
- Greater than 6%: Causes seizures, shortness of
breath, respiratory possible and die.
Source: Environmental Technology Center (ENTEC), 2013
b). Hydrogen sulfide (H2S):
Hydrogen sulfide is a colorless gas that smells of rotten eggs; toxic and extremely
flammable (explosive limit from 4.3 to 46% by volume in air). The effects of H2S on
the environment and humans are shown in Table 4.24.
(2).The impact of physical factors in the work environment:
(i).Noise Pollution:
During the operational phase of the project, noise arising from sources such as pumps,
compressors, generators. The noise level generated relatively frequent and continuous
higher (average 80-85 dBA). Also, depending on the operational life cycle of
equipment, the local noise can be> 90dBA exceeds permitted standards in production.
The frequent exposure to 80 dBA noise source above to inhibit the central nervous
system, causing fatigue state of discomfort and reduce labor productivity, leading to
accidents.
(ii).Thermal pollution balance:
105
Normally on hot days the temperature in the region of the central wastewater
treatment plant often allow higher standards from 1 - 30C (Interim Provisions of the
Ministry of Health - 505 BYT/QD dated 13.04.1992: 18 - 320C) .
Table 4.24. Impact of hydrogen sulfide on the environment and human health
No. Subjects Impact
1
Impact on
environment The substance is toxic to aquatic species.
- Combined with water vapor in the atmosphere SO2
converted to form acid rain.
2
Impact on
human health Acute: Acute toxicity H2S in the following concentrations:
- From 0.01 to 0.3 ppm: can recognize by smell.
- 1-20 ppm: odor can smell nausea, watery eyes, headache
lasts.
- 20 - 50ppm: irritation of nose, throat and lungs, digestive
disorders, loss of appetite, loss of sense of smell begins, can
cause acute conjunctivitis.
- 100 - 200ppm: irritation of nose, throat and lungs serious,
completely lost their sense of smell.
- 250-500 ppm: it cause edema (fluid in the lungs plays).
- 500 - 1000ppm: Respiratory Paralysis, rhythm disorders and
death within hours.
- Greater than 1000 ppm: quick death.
Chronic poisoning:
- Reduced lung function.
- Neurological effects: headaches, nausea, fatigue.
- Irritating to eyes and mucous membranes.
- Damage to heart.
Source: Environment Technology Center (ENTEC), May 12/2013.
(3).Impact on the water environment
The source of water pollution in the operational phase of the project is defined as:
wastewater from domestic activities of operators and stormwater runoff over the entire
project area, wastewater from the central wastewater treatment plant.
(i).Domestic wastewater:
Essential components of the contaminants causing waste water including impurities,
suspended solids (SS), organic compounds (BOD/COD), nutrients (N, P) and harmful
bacteria.
106
When the project is put into operation stability, estimated the total number of
employees is 05 persons. If the average 1 per day plant employees use 120 liters of
water, the waste water flow of the project is about 0.5 m3 (water flow for 80% of
water use).
Based on the coefficient of pollution each daily activities into the environment
(without treatment) by the World Health Organization (WHO) set up as shown in
Table 4.24, can predict pollutant load wastewater generated from operating activities
of workers in Table 4.25.
Table 4.25. Estimated pollution loads in untreated waste water in the project's
operation phase
No. Pollutants Load (kg/day)
Limit Average
01 BOD5 0.180 - 0.216 0.198
02 COD 0.288 - 0.408 0.348
03 TSS 0.280 - 0.580 0.430
04 Oil and grease 0.040 - 0.120 0.080
05 Total nitrogen(N) 0.024 - 0.048 0.036
06 Ammonia (N-NH4) 0.001 - 0.019 0.014
07 Total phosphorus (P) 0.003 - 0.016 0.010
Based on the pollutant load (kg/day) and water flow (m3/day) can calculate the
concentration of pollutants in waste water as shown in Table 4.26.
Table 4.26. Concentrations of pollutants in the waste water treatment plant
No Pollutants
The concentration of pollutants (mg/l)
Treatment in
septic tanks
QCVN 14:2008 /
BTNMT
01 pH - - 5 – 9
02 BOD5 495 198 36
03 COD 870 348 -
04 TSS 1.075 430 60
05 Oil and grease 200 80 12
06 Total nitrogen (N) 90 36 -
07 Ammonium 36 14,4 6
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(N-NH4)
08 Total phosphorus 24 9,6 7,2
Note:
QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT - National technical regulation on domestic wastewater,
apply column A with K = 1.2.
Comment:
Compared with QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT (apply column A with coefficient K = 1.2)
showed that the concentration of pollutants after treatment with 3-compartment septic
tank (processing efficiency of about 60-70 %) are higher than standards allow.
However, during project operation, domestic wastewater after treatment area through
septic tanks will be collected on the station's processing system of the central
wastewater treatment plant.
(ii).Stormwater runoff
Stormwater runoff through the project will be carried away by the sand, garbage, oil,
grease and other contaminants spilled on the ground and stick on the roof, tanks, water
to spread out. If rainfall is not well managed will cause negative impacts to surface
water, groundwater and aquatic life in the area. Estimate the concentration of
pollutants in the average stormwater runoff as follows:
- Suspended solids (SS): 10-30 mg/l;
- Chemical oxygen demand (COD): 10-20 mg/l;
- Total Nitrogen (N): 0.5 to 1.5 mg/l;
- Phosphorus (P): from 0.004 to 0.03 mg/l.
Thus, compared with other emission sources, stormwater runoff is relatively clean.
Therefore, the drainage system will be totally separated from the sewage system, the
system through manholes, but the trash before running the external environment
through the drainage system of the industrial zone.
(iii).Wastewater Treatment Plant
Wastewater generated by the operation of the central wastewater treatment plant
multiple sources including:
- Separated from the waste water treatment sludge, scum and grease: Major
component contains suspended sediment, bacteria and other pollutants;
- Water hygiene: washing pumping equipment, chemical tank, filter cleaning, floor
cleaning,... This kind of waste water can be contaminated by oil, though the amount is
not significant;
- All waste water is collected and brought back to the station's tanks of the central
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wastewater treatment plant.
(iv). The impact of pollutants in wastewater
Wastewater generated from the operation of the project containing pollutants such as
suspended solids (SS), organic matter (COD/BOD), nutrients (total N, total P), the
metal seriously pathogenic microorganisms, toxic chemicals .... other polluting agents
are different, the level of impact is also different, as follows:
a).For pH:
The pH of water is too high (> 8) or too low (<6) will lose self-cleaning ability of the
receiving water, due to the beneficial microbes in the water inhibited viability. The pH
of water is too low or too high will increase the mobility of metal ions in the water,
the stronger the activation of ion will easily react with other substances to create a
beneficial product for aquatic life.
b).For temperature:
Water temperature plays an important role in the biochemical processes, changes in
water temperature can affect the influence of dissolved oxygen concentration (DO) in
water is also affected by temperature decide which species survive and develop
advantages in aquatic ecosystems.
c).For organic compounds:
The organic matter in the wastewater is mainly carbohydrates. This is easily oxidized
compounds by microorganisms using oxygen dissolved in the water. This factor
reduces the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the water (DO) in the water. If you
DO <5 will hamper the development of the aquatic ecosystem. On the other hand,
waste water containing organic compounds as long stagnation of the environment will
generate unpleasant odor caused by organic compounds with anaerobic digestion.
d).For suspended solids:
The suspended solids discharged into the environment as part of water will float to the
surface creating a scum layer, preventing the diffusion of oxygen and light
transmission in water, increase water turbidity sensory loss. On the other hand, a result
of sediment settle to the bottom.
e).For nutrients:
The nutrients in the aquatic environment is highly conducive environment for algae
growth, causing eutrophication of water resources (water bloom). At the end of the
process of eutrophication, algae die will increase the concentration of organic matter
in the water, affecting water quality and aquatic life.
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f).For heavy metals:
Most heavy metals are toxic to humans and animals. The heavy metal commonly
found in industrial effluents, such as Pb, Hg, Cr, Cd, As:
- Pb: Pb likely to accumulate in vivo long-term, heavy metal Pb is highly toxic and
may be fatal if severe poisoning. Pb reduced ability to synthesize glucose and
pyruvate metabolism, increases the excretion of glucose in urine. 50% lethal
concentration (LC50 96 h) of lead salt for fish is 1-27 mg/l (in soft water) and 440-550
mg/l (in hard water). The organic compounds Pb toxicity than from 10-100 times
higher than for inorganic Pb species;
- Hg: Hg metal can be made in the form of salt ions, Hg is present in organic
compounds, mercury is used in agriculture (fungicides) and in industry (for
electrodes). Hg in the aquatic environment can be absorbed into the aquatic body,
especially the kind of river invertebrates. Fish also absorbed and metabolized into
methyl mercury Mercury;
- As: As the heavy metals can exist in many forms of inorganic and organic
substances. As a highly toxic substance, the ability to accumulate a long and
potentially carcinogenic;
- Cr: heavy metal Cr is highly toxic to humans and animals. High toxicity of Cr6+ ,
Cr3+ than. According to WHO allows maximum chromium concentrations in drinking
water is 0.05 mg/l;
- Cd: Cd heavy metal is highly toxic to humans and aquatic life. Kidney is the most
vulnerable, Cd concentrations harmful renal threshold of 20 g/l.
g).For phenol:
Phenol and phenol derivatives in wastewater of some industries such as manufacturing
perfume, cosmetics etc. The phenolic compounds make water smell and also harms
the aquatic ecosystem and human health, a number of phenol derivatives have the
potential to cause cancer.
According to WHO levels of 2,4-trichlcphenol and pentachlorophenol in drinking
water not exceed 10 g/l.
h).For grease:
Grease being discharged into the water will spill over the water forming oil film, a
water-soluble fraction in the water or in the form of emulsions. Oily residue settles
down to rivers and streams will accumulate in sediment. Grease is not only difficult
hydrocarbon compounds biodegradable, but also contain harmful additives such as
derivatives of phenol, water pollution, negative impacts to aquatic life including both
110
fish and affect water supply purposes, aquaculture. When the oil content in the water
is higher than 0.2 mg/l water odor can not be used for food purposes.
Oil pollution caused depletion of dissolved oxygen in the water, leading to reduced
self-cleaning ability of the water by killing plankton organisms, benthos engage in
self-cleaning process.
When the oil content in water from 0.1 to 0.5 mg/l will reduce yield and quality of the
fish. Standard Oil in water fish do not exceed 0.05 mg/l, dissolved oxygen standard
is> 4 mg O2/l. Sulfur-rich oil pollution can kill fish if Na2S in water content reaches 3
- 4 mg/l. Some sensitive species may be killed as soon as Na2S concentrations less
than 1 mg/l.
In addition, the domestic oil will be converted into other compounds toxic to humans
and aquatic life such as phenol, chlorine derivatives of phenol. Standard phenol to
give living water is 0.001 mg/l, tolerance of fish is 10-15 mg/l.
(4). The impact of solid waste
(i). Solid waste impact during operation of the central wastewater treatment plant
Solid wastes during project operation mostly packaging waste, packaging and
chemical waste container in the central wastewater treatment plant, but waste from
sewage, sewage sludge from the tank etc. The volume of solid waste during project
operation are listed as follows:
- Packaging and storage of chemicals (hazardous wastes): 15-20 kg/day;
- Sludge from the central wastewater treatment plant about 1.5 to 2 tons / day;
(ii).Solid waste activities
With the number of operators in the central wastewater treatment plant is 05 people,
with the emission factor is 0.3 to 0.5 kg /person /day estimated volume of solid waste
activities range from 1.5 to 2.5 kg/days.
Solid waste workers' activities mainly biodegradable organic matter and biological
fraction of paper, glass, metal,... will be collected in containers at the central
wastewater treatment plant then collected with waste of the entire industrial zone. The
amount of solid waste activities are hiring Urban Environment Services Company of
Dong Nai province or functional units collected and handled according to the
regulations.
(iii).The impact of solid waste
Domestic solid wastes such as plastic, metal, nylon ... when released into the
environment will be difficult to biodegrade, causing accumulation in soil, water,
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aesthetic loss, affecting transportation. In the long run, these substances will
decompose generating inorganic compounds, organic toxic etc. pollution of land,
water, affecting the growth of microorganisms on land and water.
The process of decomposing waste generated gases cause bad smelling (H2S,
mercaptans), impact to regional air quality, affect people's health in surrounding areas.
In addition, hazardous waste if not collected, managed and appropriate treatment will
also affect the environment and human health.
(3).Integrated assessment of environmental impacts during project operation
The impact on the environment during the operational phase has been studied in the
central wastewater treatment plant, analyze and evaluate detailed above, can be
evaluated by the method of synthetic matrix environment without weights as shown in
Table 4.27.
Table 4.27. Summary of integrated environmental impacts in the operation phase
No. Origin impact
Land Water Air Biological
Resources
Economic
and social
01 Emissions * * *** * **
02 Wastewater * *** * *** **
03 Solid waste and hazardous wastes *** * ** * **
04 Thermal pollution * * ** * *
05 Noise pollution and vibration * * ** * ***
06 Environmental incidents ** ** *** ** **
Note:
- *: Less harmful effects;
- **: Harmful impact on the average level;
- ***: Detrimental effects at strong.
4.2.3. Risk and Accident Impacts
(1).During the construction phase
(i).Work accidents
Overall, accidents can occur at any stage of the construction project. The cause of the
accident cases work on the construction site are:
- Environmental pollution can cause fatigue, dizziness, or fainting while workers
labor;
- Installation works, execution and process materials transport vehicle density, higher
can cause accidents, traffic accidents, ...
- Accidents due to the negligence of workers, lack of protective equipment, or due to
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lack of awareness about the strict compliance with safety rules of construction
workers.
Investors will be interested in the application of measures to ensure the safety of
workers.
(ii).Explosion Incident
Fire Incidents can occur in the case of transportation and storage of fuels, or due to the
lack of safe temporary power supply system, causing loss of life and property during
construction. Maybe the reason determined as follows:
- The fuel storage resources for temporary construction (gasoline, diesel oil, fuel oil,
paint, glue ...) are possible sources of ignition. When problems occur that can cause
serious damage to the economy and the environment;
- Temporary power supply system for the machinery, construction equipment
malfunction can cause electrocution, shock, fire ... economic damages or accidents to
workers;
- The use of heating equipment during construction (heating, asphalt, soldering ...) can
cause fire, burns or accidents if no preventive measures.
- Due to the circumstances of this incident can happen at any time, so investors will
adopt measures to prevent, control efficient to minimize the negative impact.
(iii).Traffic accidents
Traffic accident risk occurred in the construction process, damage to property and
lives. The cause may be due to transportation is not guaranteed by the technical or
non-compliance with the control of traffic safety rules. This incident was entirely
preventable by checking the technical condition of transport and communication to
raise awareness observance of traffic rules by drivers and transport workers.
(iv). The risk of subsidence collapsed during the construction works
The process of construction of earthwork construction solid waste burial pit potential
subsidence risks collapsed buildings. When incidents occur, not only harmful effects
on the environment and also threatens human lives.
Incidents landslides during the rainy season may occur during excavation, foundation
construction of tanks.
(2).During the operation phase
(i). Work accidents
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Work accidents can occur during operation at the central wastewater treatment plant.
The main cause of accidents is:
- The observance of safety rules and poor labours.
- The carelessness of workers in the process control machinery, equipment and
vehicles;
- Health status of workers are not well lead to fall asleep at work or due to overwork.
(ii).Leaking fuel and raw material
Leaking fuel, liquid or gas chemicals will affect human health, impact on flora and
fauna. Leaks can lead to accidents that cause fire, explosion, oil spills, chemical spills
etc.. causing major economic damage - social as well as ecological systems in the
region and surrounding areas.
(iii).Fire Incidents by storing fuel chemical
Fire Incidents can occur in the case of transportation and storage of fuel or electric
shock, causing loss of life and property of the business and residential communities
around. It is possible to identify the source of ignition is as follows:
- The storage of fuel (gasoline, diesel oil, fuel oil, natural gas ...), the storage of
chemicals (paints, glues, varnishes ...);
- Transformers, Power Supply System in the central wastewater treatment plant.
Investors will apply the integrated measures to prevent and timely rescue incidents to
minimize the negative impact on the environment.
(iv).The fixed stations cessation in the central wastewater treatment plant
Incidents in the central wastewater treatment plant suspended operations may occur
due to the station's equipment such as pumps, agitators, chemical plant lit ...
discontinued operations (due to malfunction or power failure). The other reason is
because the operators did not ensure that digital organisms are killed, the station must
suspend operations of the central wastewater treatment plant to culture the bacteria.
The central wastewater treatment plant suspended operations will cause a large
amount of stagnant water, untreated, can cause environmental pollution.
This problem can be prevented by regularly checking the technical condition of the
equipment is operating; replaced promptly repair damaged machinery, workers are
fully trained technicians. In addition, investors will invest in the construction works of
the central wastewater treatment plant
4.2.4. Socio-economic Impacts
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(1).Construction phase of the project
- The concentration of a construction work force (approximately 30 construction
workers per day) during the construction period may cause negative impacts to the
social order and security in the region;
- During construction, the project to build the car turn into the school will increase.
Therefore, increasing the density of traffic in the area, leading to an increased risk of
traffic accidents.
Therefore, the project owner will care, construction layout plan, mobilize machinery,
vehicles, equipment and techniques in a scientific way and road safety management in
order to minimize the adverse effects on environmental and socio-economic
conditions.
(2).Operation phase of the project
(i). The positive impact
When the central waste water treatment plant with capacity of 2,000 m3/day at An
Phuoc Industrial Zone going into operation will contribute to socio-economic
development, as follows:
- Wastewater treatment at QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT column A, Kq = 0.9, Kf = 0.9
contribute to the protection of surface water in the water stream;
- Operation of the project will create jobs, generate income stability for workers,
poverty contributing to erosion, improve the environment, improve the educational
level of the people.
(ii).The negative impact
Along with the benefits of economic growth - social, the project will also cause a
number of negative effects, such as changing living conditions, increased activity of
mosquitoes because of the treatment tank.
4.2.5. Cumulative impacts
The Nuoc Trong stream is the water body, which receive wastewaters from Long
Thanh, Long Duc and Tam Phuoc Industrial Zones. According to the local authority,
the Nuoc Trong stream water is not used for domestic purposes, so the quality of
wastewater being discharged into the stream basin to reach the standard QCVN
40:2011/BTNMT column B, corresponding to Kq = 1,1 and Kf depending on the
actual amount of emissions per unit discharge (Based on Annex 1 of Decision No.
16/2010/QD-UBND dated 19 March 2010 on environmental zoning to the surface
waters receiving industrial effluents). When the central wastewater treatment plant of
An Phuoc Industrial Zone - Phase 1 discharge with an average wastewater flow of 884
115
m3/day; largest wastewater flow of 2,000 m3/day. With effluent discharge permit of
2,000m3/day, the central wastewater treatment plant was achieved QCVN 40:2011/
BTNMT, column B, Kq = 0.9; Kf = 0.9, so it is in accordance with the conditions of
discharging wastewater into water sources.
Currently, the Nuoc Trong Stream is water body receiving waste waters from the
industrial zones in Dong Nai province such as Long Thanh, Long Duc and Tam Phuoc
Industrial Zones. In addition, the water supply for the little streams, small flow
velocities. Runoff into streams mostly from small streams north into the upper.
Therefore, the possibility of dilution water in streams is low and slowly drain to the
sea. So An Phuoc Industrial Zone wastewater and sewage pouring into the region's
streams will cause the water in adverse impacts on stream water quality if discharged
untreated water standards before discharging into streams.
However, the discharge of wastewater into water sources An Phuoc Industrial Zone-
Phase 1 (module 1) will have an impact on water quality, flow of Nuoc Trong streams.
Due to the station's wastewater flow from the central wastewater treatment plant of An
Phuoc Industrial Zone - Phase 1 (module 1) is small compared to the flow stream and
treated to meet the national technical regulations on the environment before discharge
to the receiving water the impact is negligible.
To assess the cumulative impacts to the operation of treatment plants discharge
wastewater concentration of An Phuoc Industrial Zone - Phase 1 (module 1) for water
in streams, we will evaluate the ability of the receiving water While water streams
receiving wastewater from the central wastewater treatment plant of An Phuoc
Industrial Zone - Phase 1 (module 1). The evaluation will follow 02/2009/TT-BTNMT
Circular dated 03.19.2009 of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment
Regulations to assess the possibility of getting effluent water.
Wastewater from the waste water treatment of An Phuoc Industrial Zone - Phase 1
(module 1) is treated with the central wastewater treatment plant of An Phuoc
Industrial Zone - Phase 1 (module 1) at QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT - National Technical
Regulation on waste water industry (column B), Kq = 0.9, Kf = 0.9 when released into
the Nuoc Trong stream.
Load capacity of water in streams is evaluated as follows:
Limit values of pollutants in the Nuoc Trong stream are presented in the following
table:
Table 4.28. Limit values of water pollutants in Nuoc Trong streams
Parameters BOD COD TSS As Pb Cd Hg
Ctc limit values (mg /l) 15 30 50 0,05 0,05 0,01 0,001
Note: The limit value determined by Ctc QCVN 08:2008 /BTNMT, Column B2.
(1).Maximum pollution load
116
Maximum pollution load can receive water for contaminants is calculated by the
following formula:
Ltd = (Qs + Qt) x Ctc x 86,4 Among them:
- Ltd: maximum pollution load of water for contaminants;
- Q: stream flow and stream water in, Q = 4.66 m3 / s (Decision dated 19/3/2010 of
PPC 16/2010/QD-UBND The V / v Partitioning the water environment present to
receive industrial effluents);
- Qt: Wastewater Flow, Qt = 0.092 m3 / s (up WWTP of An Phuoc Industrial Zone -
Phase 1 (module 1) + flow + Tam Phuoc industrial zone discharge waste water flow
Long Thanh Industrial Zone + water flow Long Duc Industrial Zone m3/day));
- 86.4 is the conversion factor from the first unit (m3/s) x (mg/l) to (kg/day).
- Results calculated maximum pollution load can receive water for contaminants is
presented in the following table.
Table 4.29. Maximum pollution load which can be received by water body.
Parameters BOD COD SS As Pb Cd Hg
Qs + Qt
(m3/s) 5,58 5,58 5,58 5,58 5,58 5,58 5,58
Ctc (mg/l) 15 30 50 0,05 0,05 0,01 0,001
Ltd (kg/day) 7.231,680 14.463,360 24.105,600 24,106 24,106 4,821 0,482
(2).Load pollutant available
Load pollutant sources available in the host country is calculated using the formula:
Ln = Qs x Cs x 86.4 Among them:
- Ln: pollution load available in the receiving water;
- Q: stream flow and stream water in, Q = 4.66 m3 / s (Decision dated 19/3/2010
16/2010/QD-UBND of Dong Nai province about Partitioning the water environment
present to receive industrial effluents);
- Cs: the maximum value of the concentration of pollutants in water before receiving
water;
- 86.4 is the conversion factor from the first unit (m3 / s) x (mg /l) to (kg / day).
Results calculated pollutant load sources available in the host country are presented in
the following table.
117
Table 4.30. Calculated results of pollutant loads, which are available in the receiving
water body
Parameters BOD COD SS As Pb Cd Hg
Qs (m3/s) 4,66 4,66 4,66 4,66 4,66 4,66 4,66
Cs (mg/l) 3 21,15 7 0,03
not
found
Not
found
not
found
Ln (kg/day) 1207,872 8515,498 2818,368 12,079 - - -
Note: Cs is the average value of the analysis results of Nuoc Trong stream water
quality made by investor at May, 20, 2013.
(3).Load of the discharge of pollutants from sources
Load of the discharge of pollutants from the source to the receiving water is calculated
using the formula:
Lt = Qt x Ct x 86.4 Among them:
- Lt: Load emission sources of pollution;
- Qt: Wastewater Flow, Qt = 0.023 m3/s;
- Ct: the maximum value of the concentration of pollutants in waste water;
- 86.4 is the conversion factor from the first unit (m3/s) x (mg/l) to (kg/day).
Load calculation results from the discharge of pollutants into receiving water bodies
are shown in the following table.
Table 4.31. Calculated results of the pollution load from An Phuoc Industrial Zone
discharging into the Nuoc Trong stream
Parameters BOD COD SS As Pb Cd Hg
Qt (m3/s) 0,023 0,023 0,023 0,023 0,023 0,023 0,023
Ct (mg/l) 24,3 60,75 40,5 0,04 0,081 0,04 0,004
Lt (kg/day) 48,289 120,722 80,482 0,079 0,161 0,079 0,008
Note: Ct: concentration of treated wastewater taken from An Phuoc Industrial Zone,
which equal the maximum concentrations of QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT, kq = 0.9, kf =
0.9, column A.
(4).Absorption capacity of stream pollution load in water
The ability to recognize pollution load of Nuoc Trong stream is calculated by the
following formula:
Ltn = (Ltd - Ln - Lt) x Fs Among them:
- Ltn: Absorption capacity of the pollutant load Nuoc Trong stream (kg/day);
- Ltd: maximum load of pollutants to water pollutants (kg/day);
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- Ln: pollution load available in the receiving water (kg/day);
- Lt: Download the source of pollution emissions (kg/day);
- Fs: safety factor, Fs = 0.3 to 0.7, Fs = 0.5 chosen.
Absorption capacity of Nuoc Trong stream receiving wastewater after An Phuoc
Industrial Zone are presented in the following table.
119
Table 4.32. Carrying capacity of Nuoc Trong stream receiving the treated wastewater
discharging from An Phuoc Industrial Zone
Parameter BOD COD SS As Pb Cd Hg
Ltd (kg/day) 7.231,680 14.463,360 24.105,600 24,106 24,106 4,821 0,482
Ln (kg/day) 1207,872 8515,498 2818,368 12,079 - - -
Lt (kg/day) 48,289 120,722 80,482 0,079 0,161 0,079 0,008
Ltn (kg/day) 2.987,760 2.913,570 10.603,375 5,974 11,972 2,371 0,237
Comment: Nuoc Trong stream after receiving wastewater from An Phuoc Industrial
Zone still have the receiving capacity for BOD, COD, SS, Pb, Cd, As and Hg.
Therefore, Nuoc Trong stream can still receive the wastewater from An Phuoc
Industrial Zone.
4.3. COMMENT ON THE RELIABILITY OF THE USED EIA METHODS
The level of detail, reliability of the methods used are given in Table 4.33.
Table 4.33.Summary of the reliability of the used EIA methods
No. Method Reliability Cause
01 Statistical Methods Migh Based on official statistics of the
province.
02
The method of field
sampling and laboratory
analysis
High
- Equipment for sampling and
analysis of new and modern
- Based on standard sampling
methods
03
Rapid assessment method
by using pollution factor
established by WHO in
1993
Medium
Based on the coefficient of pollution
World Health Organization set up is
not really consistent with the
conditions of Vietnam
04 Comparison method High The analytical results have high
reliability
05 The method of checklist and
matrix Medium
The method evaluates only semi-
quantitative or qualitative, based on
the subjective evaluation
06 Modeling method High Calculation results are high reliability
07 Public consultation method High
Based on the opinion of the
Fatherland Front Union and People
Committee of commune
Source: Environmental Technology Center (ENTEC), 2012.
EIA report for the project "Investment in the construction of the central waste water
treatment plant with capacity of 2,000 m3/day" of IZ An Phuoc, Tin Nghia
120
Corporation have prepared by an investor with the advice of the Environment
Technology Center (ENTEC) within Vietnam Association of Conservation of Nature
and Environment (VACNE). With many years experience in EIA, ENTEC have fully
assessed with the necessary reliability on impacts of the proposed projects and feasible
measures to limit the harmful effects.
Besides the data resources, reference, the Corporation also receive the consultation of
the People's Committee and the Fatherland Front Union at the project site, therefore,
the impact assessment presented in the report meet the actual requirements of the local
authorities.
However, the some assessments of the EIA report are also qualitative or semi-
quantitative due to there is not enough information, detailed data for quantitative
assessment.
121
CHAPTER 5 MITIGATION MEASURES OF THE NEGATIVE
ENVIROMENTAL IMPACT
5.1. LAND CLEARANCE PHASE
The entire construction area of the wastewater treatment plant is classified as
industrial land and no land compensation has to be carried out previous to the start of
the construction. Hence minimal environmental and social impact on local population
was happened during the land clearance phase.
5.2. CONSTRUCTION PHASE
5.2.1. Air Pollution Control
During the construction phase, rock excavation, transport vehicles and construction
equipment are major sources of air pollution. The following counter measures are
implemented to mitigate the impact of air pollution, noise and vibration.
(1).Air pollution control
- To only use the registered vehicles, which has met the standards and regulations on
air emissions
- High amount of dusts are generated by the intense traffics of construction materials
transports, which may seriously affect air quality in the region. Therefore, the need to
maintain water spray 2 times/day at the construction site, surrounding the transport
route and gathering of materials, machinery, construction entrances, dumping area and
traffic hubs . This reduce the loose dust, soil sand which can be dispersed by wind into
the air (especially during the dry season in the sunny and windy days);
- Cover the top of the transport equipment, construction materials storage sites and
rinsed through before leaving the site;
- Schedule time to avoid transport during sensitive hours (e.g.: peak hours, mid-night).
Regulate the speed for vehicles (<30km/h) to minimize noise generation, especially
when passing through residential areas during such hours;
- To carry maintenance on vehicles and construction equipment to acquire valid
inspection certificate, and minimize noise, vibration and emissions arising out.
- To systematically organize the traffic in and out the field in accordance with
regulation and of real-time local traffic.
- To minimize the dust pollution caused by the transportation of materials and
equipment to residential, the project also upgrade and build transportation routes to
and from the project area;
- The machines are regularly maintained, runs well with the valid inspection
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certificate, which allow participating in the construction.
- Do not incinerate wastes in the project area.
(2). Noise pollution and vibrations control
The construction areas have intense traffics and construction equipment activities
(such as rollers, bulldozers, excavators, cranes, excavators etc.). This generates high
levels of noise and vibrations affecting on surrounding environment. To minimize the
effects of noise and vibrations from vehicles and machinery, the following counter-
measures are carried out:
- Do not use old vehicles, construction machines, which are not licensed by the
Registration Stations and generate noise and vibrations above allowable limits;
- To thoroughly comply with the standards and maintenance schedules to reduce air
pollution.
- To regulate the speed of vehicles and machinery, which operating within the
construction area to less than 5km/h;
- For the machines with high noise levels, such as excavators, compressors, excavator
etc. noise isolation devices will be installed. When excessive noises can't be avoided,
appropriate noise protection gears (helmet, ear plug) will be enforced surrounding the
area.
- Do not exceed freight tonnage regulations;
- Check the level of noise, vibration during construction, thereby setting the
appropriate schedule to achieve noise levels, vibration as permitted by regulations
QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT, QCVN 27:2010/BTNMT;
- Avoid the intensive use of heavy machines in the same time and space which may
cause resonance of noise and vibration;
5.2.2. Water Pollution Control
- During the construction phase, generated wastewater will be not directly discharged
into the Nuoc Trong stream in the project area. Construction unit will construct water
pits for sludge and sediment treatment;
- The types of wastewater generated during the construction of the central wastewater
treatment plant are collected and treated before discharging into the environment.
Project investors will closely manage and monitor the contractors to ensure no
wastewater will be discharged directly into the regional surface and groundwater;
- To construct the temporary wastewater treatment (i.e. septic tank) or arrange 2-3
portable toilets for construction workers, and solid waste storage area
- Only use biodegradable chemical that non-toxic to the environment. The waste water
containing chemicals, oil and grease are collected and thoroughly treated to ensure for
safe discharge.
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- Wastewater from the cleaning of vehicles will be collected into the sedimentation
tank before discharging into the Nuoc Trong stream
- To design the run-off drainage in the construction field with collection points consist
of sediment manholes and grease trap to prevent oil pollution in the Nuoc Trong
stream in the project area.
5.2.3. Soil Contamination Control
Due to the nature of construction activities (excavation and building construction),
insignificant amount of chemicals will be stored on site. Hence risk of soil
contamination is negligible during the project’s construction phase. Therefore, the
project owner will not implement any counter measures here
5.2.4. Traffic Control
- Only use the vehicle with the valid registration certificate to meet the standards and
regulations
- As stated earlier, the speed of vehicles and machinery within the construction area is
limited to 5km/h;
- Do not exceed freight tonnage regulations;
- Set up transportation plan, with coordination of vehicle traffic within the appropriate
area to avoid the high concentration of transportation at the same time or the same
location.
5.2.5. Public Health and Socio- economic Development Protection
- Training workers about workplace safety in the WWTP. The company will also
cooperate with the Occupational Safety Division within Department of Labor, War
Invalids and Social Affairs of Dong Nai province to organize the training on safety
rules and equipment operation;
- Enforcing the wearing of protective gear for employees in accordance with the
specific works;
- Developing the plan to reduce the impact of pollutants on worker’s health at the
WWTP;
- Carry out periodic health examination program for workers in the WWTP;
- Ensuring the microclimate factors and working conditions to meet the standards and
regulation issued by the Ministry of Health to protect the worker’s health;
- Controlling noise levels according to noise standards and regulations to prevent
associated occupational diseases;
5.2.6. Solid Waste Management
(1).Domestic solid waste
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To minimize pollution from domestic solid waste, the project owner and the
contractor will implement the following measures:
- Enforce rules of hygiene and environmental protection in workers amps, including
financial sanctions if violated;
- To organize the training for workers on environmental protection regulations;
- Domestic solid waste generated will be collected in appropriate container within the
project area. At the worker’s camps two to three 100L garbage bins with be provided,
and toilets for personal hygiene;
- To contract with Urban Environment Services Company of Dong Nai Province and
functional units to collect, and transport solid wastes to the waste disposal area at Bau
Can commune, Long Thanh district.
(2).Construction solid waste
Construction solid wastes are mainly damaged materials such as rubble, sand, gravel,
concrete scrap, damaged wood planking, broken protective devices etc. and domestic
solid waste generated from construction workers on the field. The treatment of solid
wastes is regularly conducted, focusing on waste reuse. Wastes such as cement bags,
protective gear, head piece of steel, welding rods collected at the specified location on
the site can be resold as recyclable materials. The types of rubble, rocks etc. will be
used for foundation levelling.
(3).Hazardous waste
The hazardous wastes including oily rags, wasted oil are collected in special tanks and
contain on the cans having lids for further disposal in compliance with Circular
12/2011/TT-BTNMT on hazardous waste regulations.
5.2.7. Risk Mitigation
Since the short duration and small scale of construction activities, the work risks and
incidents should be easy to control and prevent:
(1).Fire prevention
- Workers in the construction site will be trained in response to fire-related incidents;
fully equip with fire prevention equipment in accordance with the applicable law;
- The types of solvents and flammable fuel will be stored in separate isolation
repositories, away from potential sources of ignition and spark-ignition;
- Issue rules on prohibiting employees to smoke, or cause ignition in these areas with
high risk of flammable;
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- Apply explosive mitigation devices at the fuel storage area at the project’s site;
When the fire and explosion incident happens, the company will immediately
collaborate with Fire Prevention and Fighting Department of Long Thanh District to
respond.
(2).Traffic risk prevention
- Regulating the transportation means in and out the project areas reasonably, carrying
within limited transport loads;
- Organizing advocacy for officials and employees and owner of transportation means
to implement the traffic safety law.
(3).Measures to ensure the safety, health protection
- To comply with regulations on labor safety when established construction projects
organization; machinery layout; accidents preventive measures, workers in the
construction site used equipment such as protective headgear, masks, gloves,
protective clothing, goggles, shoes, boots;
- Closely monitoring the construction process, minimize the extent of occupational
accidents; including electrical safety and traffic accidents;
- Limit storage of explosive or flammable resources or chemicals. Establish barriers to
isolate dangerous areas such as power transformers, power supply systems, flammable
materials (such as fuel storage gasoline, paint materials, equipment, ...);
To build fire prevention programs and provide specialized protection gear to handle
when problem occurs.
5.3. OPERATION PHASE
5.3.1. Air Pollution Control
(1).General measures to reduce air pollution
The integrated measures to limit air pollution and effects on health workers applied by
Tin Nghia Corporation during the operation as follows:
- To build the waste water treatment plant in accordance with industry safety,
industrial hygiene, to maintain the necessary ventilation with natural ventilation and
cooling fans;
- Clean the wastewater treatment, operating rooms after each shift;
- Provide labor protection under the provisions for workers and supervise the use of
personal protective equipment during work;
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- Provide sufficient information about sanitation, occupational safety for workers.
(2).Measures to control and reduce air pollution concentration at the central waste
water treatment plant.
The Company will apply the probiotics (GEM-P, K-GEM, GEM, CTA-T, CTA-8T
produced by Bien Co Company Ltd. based on a survey of micro-organisms in
Vietnam) and chemical agents (Tocazeo produced by Thanh Chuong Production -
Services - Commerce Co.Ltd) to reduce odors arising from the waste sector,
wastewater treatment, sludge dump etc. In addition, the plan to using a more pleasant
smell (masking agents) will also be applied in the area of waste water treatment.
How to use probiotics (GEM-P, P1-GEM, GEM-K, GEM, CTA-T, CTA-8T of Bien
Co Company Ltd.:
- Estimated amount of probiotics used for the central waste water treatment plant
capacity in the first 30 days: 6,000 litter K-GEM, GEM-P1 4.500 kg;
- From 31 to 60 days: reduce 20% of the composition;
- From the day 61 onwards of the composition to about 60%;
- From the day 91 onwards of the composition to about 50%;
- Installation of automatic sprinkler systems;
- Dilute 1 litter of GEM-K with 100 litters of water and spray over places with strong
odour.
- For emissions resulting from anaerobic decomposition of organic matter in
wastewater, this type of odour is very difficult to control. The best mitigation
measures are frequent sanitation, garbage collection from solid waste trap, dredged
sludge and sludge from the sludge tanks and sent them for compressed and treatment
regularly.
In addition the following counter measures will also be carried out:
- Planting tree with large canopy to create landscapes and mitigate the odour;
- Use oxidative agents: The nature of odors will be destroyed by strong oxidizing
agents such as H2O2 or ozone (O3). Therefore, the management board can periodically
spray H2O2 solution in the region or install arising ozone generators for odor treatment.
Currently ozone generators have been applied for many other case studies in Vietnam.
(3).To control air pollution caused by traffic activities
- Concretise the roads within the central wastewater treatment plant, frequent
sanitation of roads and installation of automatic sprinkler systems for roads within the
central waste water treatment plant;
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- Do not start the engine of the car while waiting for materials, chemicals, sewage
sludge, garbage;
- Regular inspection and maintenance of transport vehicles, ensuring well technical
condition.
(4).Reducing noise pollution
- Installation of anti-vibration cushion around machinery that produce loud noise.
Compressors will be located in soundproof chambers;
- Soundproof the major noise source (usually 200 mm thick layer of the wall, next to
100 mm thick foam sound insulation, window layout with sound absorption wall
leaning, wooden door closed and heavy);
- Inspection and routine maintenance of machinery and equipment. Normally
maintenance cycles for new devices is every 4-6 months, old devices is every 3
months;
- Planting more trees on the campus to spread out the sound waves.
(5).Reduce excess heat pollution
On hot days the temperature in the area of the waste water treatment plant is usually
higher than standards by 1 - 30C. The project investor will provide internal cooling
devices and cooling beverage with added sugar and mineral salts for the operators
working onsite.
5.3.2. Water Pollution Control
(1).Road and drainage collection
Domestic wastewater
Waste water from toilets of employees is collected and treated by a septic tank, then
discharged along treated effluent from WWTP.
Stormwater runoff
Stormwater runoff is collected through expensive collecting pipeline network. Solid
wastes and particles will be separated for collection before the runoff will be
discharged into storm drains of the Industrial Park.
(2).Technology and efficiency
The design parameters of the input and output of the central waste water treatment
plant are presented in Table 5.1.
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Table 5.1. The inlet and outlet parameters of the central wastewater treatment plant
according to design:
No. Parameters Unit Input
Output - QCVN
40:2011/BTNMT,
Colum A (Kq=0,9,
Kf=0,9)
1. Colour Pt/Co 150 40
2. pH - 5.5 - 9 6 - 9
3. BOD5 mg/l 50 30
4. COD mg/l 150 75
5. SS mg/l 100 50
6. Arsenic mg/l 0.1 0.05
7. Hg mg/l 0.01 0.005
8. Pb mg/l 0.5 0.1
9. Cadimium mg/l 0.1 0.05
10. Chrome (VI) mg/l 0.1 0.05
11. Chrome (III) mg/l 1 0.2
12. Cu mg/l 2 2
13. Zn mg/l 3 3
14. Fe mg/l 5 1
15. Cyanide mg/l 0.1 0.07
16. Phenol Total mg/l 0.5 0.1
17. Total mineral oil mg/l 10 5
18. Sulfide mg/l 0.5 0.2
19. Fluoride mg/l 10 5
20. Total N mg/l 40 20
21. Total P mg/l 6 4
22. Residual Chlorine mg/l 2 1
23. Total Coliform bacteria /
100ml
5000 3000
Treatment efficiency of IZ An Phuoc’s central wastewater treatment plant is presented
in Table 5.2.
Table 5.2. Treatment efficiency of IZ An Phuoc’s central wastewater treatment plant
No. Parameters Unit Input
Output Treatment
efficiency
(%)
1. Colour Pt/Co 150 40 73,3
2. BOD5 mg/l 50 24 52,0
3. COD mg/l 150 60 60,0
4. SS mg/l 100 40 60,0
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No. Parameters Unit Input
Output Treatment
efficiency
(%)
5. Arsenic mg/l 0.1 0.04 60,0
6. Hg mg/l 0.01 0.004 60,0
7. Pb mg/l 0.5 0.1 80,0
8. Cadmium mg/l 0.1 0.04 60,0
9. Chrome (VI) mg/l 0.1 0.04 60,0
10. Chrome (III) mg/l 1 0.2 80,0
11. Cu mg/l 2 2 0,0
12. Zn mg/l 3 2 33,3
13. Fe mg/l 5 1 80,0
14. Cyanide mg/l 0.1 0.06 40,0
15. Phenol total mg/l 0.5 0.1 80,0
16. Total mineral oil mg/l 10 4 60,0
17. Sulfide mg/l 0.5 0.2 60,0
18. Fluoride mg/l 10 4 60,0
19. Total N mg/l 40 16 60,0
20. Total P mg/l 6 3 50,0
21. Residual
Chlorine
mg/l 2 1 50,0
22. Total Coliform bacteria /
100ml
5000 2.400 52,0
5.3.3. Soil contamination control
Due to the nature of operational activities, insignificant amount of chemicals will be
stored on site. Hence risk of soil contamination is negligible here.
5.3.4. Negative Environmental Impacts on Ecosystems and Socio-economic
Development
(1).Minimize impact to ecological systems
The impacts to ecosystems when operating, mainly impact to upstream and
downstream aquatic ecosystems from discharge point of An Phuoc Industrial Zone
both due to water flow discharge and concentrations of pollutants if discharge
standards were violated. So following measures were implemented:
- Strict control of flow and wastewater discharge should be implemented, especially
during sudden change of river flow like heavy rain. The discharge point is equipped
with meter to control the flow of constant discharge;
- The quality of treated effluent will be closely monitored to ensure consistently
achieved QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT, column A standard. The central waste water
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treatment plant is installed with automatic monitoring devices to daily monitor
important indicators. In the case of incident shows ineffective treatment due to
microbiology or damaged equipment, the treatment operation will immediately be
stopped and fix will be immediately carried out.
- Applications for discharge of wastewater into water sources for the central waste
water treatment plant will be logged to the authority, and only fully qualified and
capable worker will get the position
(2).Minimization of socio-economic impact
The socio-economic impact caused by the WWTP mainly will affect people living in
downstream area of the discharge point if discharge standards were violated. So
similarly, the investors will also closely manage and monitor the flow and quality of
discharged wastewater according to QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT, column A.
5.3.5. Risk Impacts Control
- Apply measures deodorizing and disinfecting in every stage of the central waste
water treatment plant;
- The investor committed to applying technical measures necessary to ensure
emissions after treatment in accordance with QCVN 19:2009 BTNMT and QCVN 20:
2009 BTNMT;
- Planting trees in high density around the central waste water treatment plant (within
the safety corridor from the station to the nearest residential area) to prevent diffused
dust toward residential areas. By design, green corridor is 10 m thickness;
- Moving out of the mud of the central waste water treatment plant; in appropriate
time and when the traffic density is lowest. Need specialized vehicles used to transport
sludge to reduce odor and dust emissions during transportation.
5.3.6. Risk Mitigation Measures in Operation Phase
(1). Sanitary and labor safety
(i). Safety equipment
- For safety and security for the plant to work, lightning protection system will be
installed at the highest position of the central waste water treatment plant. This will
ensure safety against lightning strikes during the rainy season;
- For devices that use electrical power, fully equipped security system, wiring and
grounding safety are installed, inspected prior to operation. Also, IZ Management
Board will also set up building regulations on electrical grid system of the WWTP;
- Industrial Zone management boards will grade each machines and devices based on
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structure and other features, and are build safety rules for each specific device
(ii). Labor safety for workers
- Train workers about labor safety in the station. The Company will cooperate will
cooperate with the Department of Labor, War Invalids and Social Affairs of Dong Nai
to province safety training to workers in each operating stage;
- Based on the arranged of each stage of the production, tools and labor protective
gears for workers will be provided.
In addition to the pollution control methods mentioned above, the plan to reduce the
impact of pollutants on the health of workers in the station will be fully applied as
follows:
- Perform well testing program and periodic health surveillance for workers,
- Ensure microclimate factors and working conditions to meet the standard issued by
the Ministry of Health to protect the health of workers;
- To control noise standards regulations to prevent occupational diseases caused by the
manufacturing process;
- Training and provide information on safety.
(2). Fire and explosion Safety
(i).Fire safety measures
- Provide fire fighting equipment; fire protection systems around the area.
- Workers will be provided with directly training to handle and response against fire
and explosion threats;
- The combustible fuels will be stored in separate isolated locations, away from
potential sources of ignition. The solvent storage tank will be installed with safety
valves, temperature monitoring devices degrees, fire alarm and automatic fire
sprinkle;
- There are fire alarm systems, communication systems, alarm. The fire fighting
vehicles will be checked and in maintenance regularly;
- In areas with explosive or flammable risks, workers can't smoke, do not carry
lighters, matches, instrument that ignition, sparks, ...;
(ii). Equipment
- Water valves for fire fighting; including the water tower and pond with fire pumps
- Personal foam extinguisher; and other fire fighting equipment in all functional areas;
For the operator:
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- Equip hood and exhaust fan for ventilation;
- Design and installation of safety devices for electrical system, regular inspection to
prevent short-circuit;
- The storage area of flammable materials and chemical ... will be installed with fire
alarm systems, water tanks, sand bags, fire extinguishers and protection gears.
(iii). Fire and explosion incident’s rescue :
- In places with flammable risks, fire alarm systems are installed, with communication
systems, alarm and is periodically test, under maintenance and always in a state of
operational readiness;
- The machinery working at high temperatures and pressures required routine checked,
and registered;
- The fuel is stored in isolated repositories, away from potential sources of ignition
and spark. Safe distance between the buildings is 12-20m for fire truck to easily
access;
- Prohibit smoking workers, bringing lighters, fire appliances emit flammable region.
- Coordinate with the FPF Company in Dong Nai province plans to FPF, arrange for
the workers and volunteer team rehearse the plan was established.
(3).Measures to prevent and respond to fuel leaks
To prevent and respond to fuel leaks (diesel oil), the investor will cooperate with the
authorities to examine the systems, storage tanks, and transport vehicles to set up
response plans as follows:
- Regularly check the safety of the fuel tank to repair, replace and fix leaks promptly
fuel;
- Fences surrounding areas fuel tank, tank placement by5-10m. Placing warning signs,
prohibition signs of fire, combustible materials close to the area;
- The transport of petroleum, chemicals, etc. (such as trucks, ...) must have sufficient
legal status, as well as to meet safety standards, technical regulations applicable to
transportation on roads;
- Remind employees to comply with FPF regulations during work.
Preparation for prevention, rescue incidents, under supervision and strict inspection
systems
(4).Lightning protection
Installation of lightning protection systems on the highest position of the station to
attract lightning arresters, lightning pillars are arranged to protect all structures with
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high protection calculation is 10 -14m;
(5).Respond to the emergency from wastewater treatment plant
Incidents includes the breakdown of equipment such as pumps, agitators, chemical
magnet machines, (due to malfunction or power failure etc. ) or the death of
microbiology cultures may discontinue the operations. This will cause a large amount
of stagnant water, not treated can cause environmental pollution.
This problem can be prevented by regular inspection of the equipment’s technical
condition, repairing or replacing damaged machinery, and close monitoring to forecast
and intervening microbiological failure.
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CHAPTER 6 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
6.1. MITIGATION OF NEGATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
The management unit of the wastewater treatment plant of An Phuoc IZ is Tin Nghia
Corporation, who will be responsible for ensuring the requirements of standards/
regulations on environmental protection during the project’s construction and
operation.
The independent monitoring consultant unit will be hired by Tin Nghia Corporation to
directly supervise, manage, and monitor the environment.
Department of Natural Resources and Environment of Dong Nai province will
monitor the environmental protection activities in the province.
The units involved in the project’s environmental management program are described
in Table 6.1.
Table 6.1. The agencies involved in the environmental management program
No Unit Major Responsibilities
1 Construction
contractors
Implementing the proposed mitigation measures.
Reporting to Tin Nghia Corporation.
2 Implementation
Consultants
Monitoring and evaluating the implementation of the
environmental management plan proposed in the EIA report.
Reporting to Tin Nghia Corporation
3 Environmental
Monitoring
Consultant
Implementing and monitoring the environmental quality
assessment based on the monitoring parameters proposed in
the report.
Implementing the public consultation meetings to record
feedback and evaluation of the local people about the
project’s environmental management plan.
Reporting to Tin Nghia Corporation.
4 Department of
Natural Resources
and Environment
Monitoring and evaluating the mitigation measures proposed
in the construction phase through the report of Tin Nghia
Corporation and actual test results.
6.1.1. Mitigation Measures Performance Plan
(1).Construction phase
(i). The organizational structure
135
The environmental issues will be controlled and monitored for:
- The process of foundation levelling;
- The construction and installation of machinery and equipment of the waste water
treatment plant;
- The process of building the infrastructure and support facilities;
- The process of transporting, storing equipment, materials, fuels;
- Activities in the field of workers.
(ii). The specific items
The specific items in the environmental management plan in the construction phase of
WWTP include:
- Management of construction works;
- Management of dust pollution mitigation;
- Safety plan for the construction works;
- Management of sludge and waste water sedimentation;
- Management of noise pollution mitigation;
- Management of traffic and transportation facilities;
- Management of construction materials, equipment and warehouses, storage yards;
- Management of municipal and construction wastes;
- Management of hazardous wastes
- Management of plan and construction progress of the works;
- Management of plan and schedule of installation of machinery and excavation;
- Planning for fire prevention and safety in construction;
- Plan to prevent and limit the adverse impacts;
- Communicate, educate, raise awareness of environmental protection for workers;
- Implementation of the reporting system under the provisions of environmental
legislation on environmental protection;
- Complying the procedures for inspection of environmental protection;
- Implementation of environmental protection measures outlined in the approved EIA
report and complying with the Vietnam Environmental standards/regulations;
- Complying with the provisions of the law on environmental protection.
(2).Operational phase, in operation
136
(i). The organizational structure
The organizational structure of environmental management in the operational phase of
the waste water treatment plant is established before the operation. Staff in charge of
the environment will coordinate with the relevant units in the management of the
environment in every stage. The management program includes:
- Management of the station operation system in accordance with the technical
procedure;
- Management of technical infrastructure, machinery and equipment of the station;
- Management and operation of the system in environmental treatment facilities;
- Management of waste, environmental risk and incidents.
(ii). Management measures
- Monitoring of emissions and waste sources in the station area;
- Management of solid and hazardous waste and waste waters;
- Developing the environmental monitoring plan in the project’s area;
- Developing and establishing the plan for the incident response;
- Training on safety and environment for employees;
- To monitor and store the operational results related to the environmental safety of
the WWT plant and ancillary facilities;
- Regularly reviewing and examining the effectiveness of the environmental
management plan and revising the plan as needed;
- The main waste treatment facilities in this phase are as follows:
+ Drainage system and wastewater collection;
+ Garbage bins (5-10 garbage bins with 200 litter capacity placed in the
gathering area and 10-20 garbage bin with 10 litter capacity located in the
office’s areas);
+ Lightning and fire protection system;
+ All environmental treatment facilities will be completed before the time when
the waste water treatment plant have been officially operated
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(3).Summary of plans and mitigation measure
Environmental management program during construction and operational phases and preventing risks of the project are summarized
in Table 6.2, Table 6.3 and Table 6.4 below:
Table 6.2. Summary of the environmental management program of projects in the construction phase
Problems /
impacts
Code Mitigation measures applied Laws document/
regulations referenced
Air Pollution A1 The construction vehicles are regularly checked and have " quality control,
technical safety and environmental protection certificate" follow Decision
No. 35/2 5/QD-BGTVT on 21/07/2005
- TCVN 6438-2005: road
transport. Maximum
allowable limit of
emissions;
- Decision 35/2005/QD-
BGTVT - Decision issued
regulations on quality
control, technical safety and
environmental protection of
vehicles imported into
Vietnam
- QCVN 05: 2009/BTNMT-
national technical standards
for the ambient air quality
A2 Maintenance of vehicles and equipment daily and 6 months/time (or 8,000
km of road)
A3 Do not incinerate waste onsite
A4 Monitoring air quality emissions, dust, noise onsite and in surrounding area
Dust
Emissions
D1 Transporting waste outside construction work as soon as possible
- QCVN 05: 2009/BTNMT
- National Technical
Regulation on the ambient
air quality
D2 Cover trucks to prevent spillage of soil, sand, or dust materials in transit.
D3 The Contractor shall be responsible for compliance with national regulation
for the ambient air quality.
138
D4 The Contractor shall ensure that dust emission is minimal and does not
become a nuisance to local residents. Contractor shall implement dust
control plan to maintain safe working environments and minimize
disturbance to the residential/housing around.
D5 Contractor shall implement measures to minimize dust emissions when
necessary (such as spraying water on the road construction, cover material
storage areas, etc.)
D6 Excavated soil and material stockpiles should be covered to prevent
dispersal by wind and the positions of the stockpile material must consider
wind direction and the location of sensitive areas.
The
disturbance
of vegetation
and
ecosystems
TR1 The Contractor shall prepare measures to protect vegetation outlined in the
environmental management plan approved by the building construction
engineer, according to relevant regulations. Clearance plan must be
approved by the Construction Supervision Consultant and strict compliance
by the contractor
The Environmental
Protection Law No
52/2005/QH11
Noise and
vibration
N1 Avoid building at night (01 am to 6 am)
- QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT -
National technical
regulation on noise
-QCVN 27:2010/BTNMT:
National Technical
Regulation on vibration
N2 The contractor is responsible for compliance with the laws of Vietnam on
noise and vibration.
N3 All cars must have "Certificates of quality control, technical safety and
environmental protection" Decision No. 35/2 5/QD-BGTVT avoid excess
emissions noise from the old machine, the hips are appropriate renovations.
Increased
turbidity in
surface
water
TU1 Ensuring the technical requirements for waste water treatment and runoff
TU2 Better management of soil erosion and sediment
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Domestic
wastewater
from
workers
WW1 Construction and use of temporary portable toilets in the Industrial Zone
- QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT:
National technical
regulation on domestic
wastewater WW2
Building a septic tank and wastewater collection and sewage when
completed
WW3 The Contractor shall be responsible for compliance with the laws of
Vietnam regarding wastewater into water sources
WW4 Wastewater exceeded the value allowed by Vietnam standards/laws must be
collected in a septic tank and transported outside by units licensed
collection
Drainage
and
sedimentatio
n control
SW1 Periodic dredging of drains
- TCVN 4447:1987 The
scope of construction and
acceptance
- Circular 22/2010/TT-BXD
of safety in construction
- QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT
- National Technical
Regulation on surface water
quality
SW2 To avoid runoff containing sediment can affect water sources, construction
of the sludge collectors, slow flowing stream or divert the flow affect the
vegetation.
SW3 Ensure drainage system is always maintained, Clean mud and obstacles,
check the condition of the drainage system periodically
SW4 To maintain the existing conditions and not disturb the position of the area
by the construction activities
SW5 Slope must be maintained with the appropriate technical characteristics of
the outfall construction
SW6 The Contractor shall comply with the detailed design of the drainage system
included in the plans, proposals to prevent rain causing local flooding or
erosion, resulting in sediment affect local water resources
140
Groundwater
pollution due
sewage leak
GW1 Leaks in the drainage system must be detected and repaired promptly
- QCVN 09:2008/BTNMT:
National Technical
Regulation on groundwater
quality
Solid Waste
Management
W1 Before construction, process control of solid waste shall be prepared by the
contractor and environmental management plan includes the construction
management and monitoring plans.
Decree 59/2007/ND-CP on
the management of solid
waste
W2 Before to construction, all discharge permits must be passed
W3 No burning, burying or dumping of solid waste onside
Chemicals
and
hazardous
waste
HW1 Chemical waste in any form must be disposed in appropriate landfills and
approved at the request of local authorities. The contractor must have a
certificate of treatment.
Circular No. 12/2011/TT-
BTNMT on Hazardous
Waste Management
HW2 Oils, lubricants, cleaning materials, etc. from vehicle maintenance and
machinery will be collected in the tank and recycled or disposed by
registered hazardous waste contractors.
HW3 The relevant authorities (IZ Management Board and the Department of
Natural Resources and Environment) will be notified in the case of oil, or
chemical spills. Remedial measures after oil spills or accidents must be
carried out immediately. In this case, the contractor shall provide a report
explaining why oil spills or accidents, state out the done remedial work, the
consequences / damage from the spill, and proposed measures overcome.
HW4 Toxic chemicals stored properly and labelled containers and lock
HW5 Train and raise awareness for workers to respond against toxic chemicals in
the workplace
141
Traffic
Management
T1 Prior to construction, consult with local governments, communities and the
traffic police
- Road Traffic Law No.
23/2008/QH12
- Construction Law
No16/2003/QH11
- Circular No. 22/2010/TT-
BYT: Regulations on
occupational safety in
construction work
Temporary
stop
providing
utility
services
U1 Provide information to the affected families about work schedule as well as
suspended plans
Decree No. 73/2010/ND-
CP: The sanctioning of
administrative violations in
the field of security and
order, social security
Safety and
community
workers
HS1 Limiting speed at construction site
Circular No. 22/2010/TT-
BYT: Regulations on
occupational safety in
construction
- Directive 02/2008/CT-
BXD on reorganizing and
strengthening security
measures ensure
occupational safety,
occupational health units in
the building industry
- TCVN 5308-91: Technical
regulations for safety in
construction
- Decision No. 96/2008/
QD-TTg about demining.
HS2 Avoid transport during peak hours
HS3 Installation of lighting at night
HS4 Equip workers with protective equipment
HS5 Training workers on safety regulations and ensure their compliance
HS6 Ensure construction site safety, security and order
HS7 Provide protective clothing or protective gloves if they may be exposed to
chemicals and sludge
HS8 Prepare and implement action plans to deal with risks and emergency
situations as well as prepare emergency services at construction site
HS9 The Contractor shall comply with the regulations of Vietnam about labor
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safety.
Communicat
ion with the
local
community
C1 Provide local communities and workers at the site the ECOP (Vietnamese)
and the Environmental Protection documents related.
- Decree No. 73/2010/ND-
CP: The sanctioning of
administrative violations in
the field of security and
order, social security
C2 - Provide information for the groups affected by the project (such as local
governments, businesses and households affected, etc.) through community
meetings before starting construction. Supply contact information to
interested parties so they can get information about the active site, project
status and results of the project;
- Provide all information, especially technical solutions, with language
understandable to the general public. Inform interested citizens and officials
through the preparation of an information sheet. Inform the press, while
conducting the work of the project.
C3 Allow community supervision and publish related information requirements
as well as the progress of the project;
C4 Feedback is written form in timely and accurate manner;
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Table 6.3. Summary of environmental management programs in the project operation phase WWTP
No Impacts Intensity Mitigation Measures Monitoring Unit Funds
1 Pollution at the outlet Long-term - Regularly monitor
- Construction warning signs
at appropriate locations
- Regular manhole, sewer
- Reduce the risk of sewage
spill
- Monitor discharged flow
from each business
IZ Management Board, the
Department of Natural
Resources and Environment,
IZ Infrastructure Development
Company
The operating budget
of the water
company, WWTP
2 Groundwater
Pollution
Long-term - Monitoring and control of
groundwater quality in the
area
- Prevent leakage of anaerobic
tank
- Prevent leaks at the
connection point or transition
within the sewage pipe
IZ Management Board, the
Department of Natural
Resources and Environment,
IZ Infrastructure Development
Company
The operating budget
of the WWTP
144
3 Groundwater
Pollution
Long-term - Train O & M to monitoring
workers to assess quality
monitoring and evaluate the
performance of the WWTP
- Construction signs warning
people about the risks related
to water environment
- Focus on public
communication
- Respond and repair
immediately if accident
occurred
IZ Management Board, the
Department of Natural
Resources and Environment,
IZ Infrastructure Development
Company
4 Smell Long-term - Ensure radius of at least 300
m buffer zone
- Planting trees in the buffer
zone to create landscapes and
prevent odor dispersion
- Regular maintenance of the
processing unit
- Solve problems or accidents
during operation
- Clearance of the environment
around the pond
IZ Management Board, the
Department of Natural
Resources and Environment,
IZ Infrastructure Development
Company
5 Noise Long-term - Planting tress
- Carry out proper
IZ Management Board, the
Department of Natural
Resources and Environment,
145
maintenance on equipment IZ Infrastructure Development
Company
6 WWTP Team Long-term - Plan to collect and handle
solid waste
- Train workers to deal with
wastes appropriately
- Regularly collecting mud
IZ Management Board, the
Department of Natural
Resources and Environment,
IZ Infrastructure Development
Company
7 Sludge Management Long-term - Quality control mud to plan
appropriate treatment
- Dry and use as fertilizer or
landfill treatment based on the
quality of sludge
- Reducing spills along the
transport routes especially for
dusts what may contain heavy
metals and pathogens (risks of
food contamination, skin-
related disease, and respiratory
system)
- Workers must be equipped
with appropriate safety
clothing to prevent direct
contact
- Dried sludge will be dumped
at the landfill or specially
IZ Management Board, the
Department of Natural
Resources and Environment,
IZ Infrastructure Development
Company
146
buried in case it does not meet
quality standards.
8 Health and safety Long-term
and frequent - Training safety and industrial
hygiene
- Health checks for all
employees, provide good
personal hygiene
- At least two workers
working in a shift
- Prepare specific H&S
guidelines for operating
WWTP
IZ Management Board, the
Department of Natural
Resources and Environment,
IZ Infrastructure Development
Company
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Table 6.4. Summary of counter measures to minimize environmental risks of the project
No. Circumstance Action Plan Responsibilities
1 Complaints from nearby industrial
facilities and the community about
environmental issues of construction
activities and operation
- Immediately implement remedial measures if
possible
- Discuss with investors, local authorities to thoroughly
resolve conflicts
- Recorded in the log
Contractor
2 Incident or accident construction,
operation First aid and immediate transport to the nearest
hospital if necessary
Workers and residents
- There are warning signs in dangerous locations
- Make records of incidents or accidents
The contractor, WWTP, IZ
infrastructure development
company, IZ Management
Board
3 WWTP stops operation Store untreated sewage, build biological tank if
possible
WWTP, IZ infrastructure
development company, IZ
Management Board
Regular inspect and backup systems/devices data
There are danger signs and report to the authorities
Avoid overloading wastewater from business
Training of operational staff regularly monitor
Check out the design and participate on plan to build
new WWTP by the Industrial Zone
Prepare for an action plan to respond randomly
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No. Circumstance Action Plan Responsibilities
4 Improper discharge of sludge Contracts with agencies concerned are properly
discharged mud if found harmful to the environment
and human health
WWTP
Prepare reports and regular inspection of all generated
sludge
Issuing strict penalties for violations IZ Management Board, the
Department of Natural
Resources and Environment
5 Fire - Notify authorities (especially the fire station).
- Rescue trapped people in the danger zone.
- Actively isolate the flame with available equipment
Contractors, industrial
establishments / enterprises,
WWTP, IZ Infrastructure
Development Company, IZ
Management Board
Follow according to guidance until authorized unit
arrive (especially in the case of explosions caused by
chemicals ...).
The contractor, WWTP, IZ
infrastructure development
company, IZ Management
Board
Supporting the functional unit, local government to
establish security belt around dangerous zones.
- Check the condition and safety of fire or explosion in
the area; make sure this problem does not persist.
- Suspend operations if violation of fire safety
conditions is persisted.
The contractor, WWTP, IZ
infrastructure development
company, IZ Management
Board
149
No. Circumstance Action Plan Responsibilities
6
Electrical-related accidents - Disconnect the power source from problem area and
the surrounding area
- Immediate rescue people from the danger zone
according to guideline
- Find out the cause of the incident or accident, check
the power source, wires and contacts ...
The contractor, WWTP, IZ
infrastructure development
company, IZ Management
Board
Making records the incident or accident case
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6.1.2. Implementation plan for Safety, Health, Environment and Transport
program
Implementation plan for Safety, Health, Environment and Transport program during
construction phase shown as in Table 5.6.
Table 6.5. Implementation plan for Safety, Health, Environment and Transport
program in construction phase
Issues Mitigation measures Vietnamese
code/regulation Execution Supervision
Traffic
management - Cooperation with
local government,
community, and traffic
police to manage the
traffic density;
- If number of vehicle
trips significantly
increase, the
construction plan
should be previously
approved.
Determination of
transportation route,
especially of heavy
vehicles away from
sensitive sites such as
schools, hospitals, and
markets;
- Avoiding
transportation during
peak hours and
arranging
transportation
instructors at the start
and the end of
construction areas to
avoid congestion at
peak hours;
- Install the lighting
system at night time if
this is necessary to
ensure the safe traffic
circulation;
- Law on traffic
and
transportation
No.
23/2008/QH12
- Law on
construction
No.
16/2003/QH11
- Decree No.
22/2010/TT-
BXD on
regulation of
construction
safety
Contractors Investors +
supervision
consultants
151
Issues Mitigation measures Vietnamese
code/regulation Execution Supervision
Health and
safety
working
- Limiting speed at the
construction site;
- Avoiding
transportation in the
peak hours;
- Providing temporary
passage through the
dug trench as needed;
- Installing the lighting
system for night time;
- Equipping workers
with labor protection
instruments;
- Avoiding long
exposure to wastes;
- Training workers on
occupational safety
regulations;
- Preparing and
implementing action
plan to cope with risk
and emergency as well
as prepare emergency
aid service at
construction site;
- Installing fences,
barriers, dangerous
warning site around the
construction area which
showing potential
danger to public p.
- Putting signals or
warning symbols near
the outlets of WWTP
- Decree No.
22/2010/TT-
BXD on
regulation of
construction
safety
- Instruction
No.02
/2008/CT-BXD
on safety and
sanitation issues
in construction
agencies
- TCVN 5308-
91: Standard on
safety in
construction
- Decision No.
96/2008/QD-
TTg on land
clearance
Contractors Investors +
supervision
consultants
6.2. TRAINING PROGRAM
To enhance the capacity to cope with environmental problems that may occur in the
central wastewater treatment plant of An Phuoc Industrial Zone, Phase 1, the project
owner will implement the following measures:
- Periodically, the staffs directly working in the central wastewater treatment plant
will be trained and guided on fire and exploitation control methods;
- Organizing the training, assigning response tasks when incidents results in shutting
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down of the WWTP happened. This problem can be further prevented by periodic
inspection of the technical condition of the equipment, promptly repairing and
replacing the damaged machinery, the operators are trained adequately;
- Equipping with tools and protective gear for employees working in accordance with
their works;
- Training workers about labor safety in the WWTP. The company will also cooperate
with the Occupational Safety Division within Department of Labor, War Invalids and
Social Affairs of Dong Nai province to organize training on safety rules and operating
equipment;
In addition to the above measures, the plan to reduce the impact of pollutants on the
health of workers at the central wastewater treatment plant will be fully applied as
follows;
- Have periodic health examination for staffs working in the factory;
- To ensure the microclimate factors and working conditions complying with the
standard issued by the Ministry of Health to protect the worker’s health;
- To control the noise level to meet the standards and regulations to prevent
occupational diseases caused by the manufacturing process;
- To provide training and information on sanitation and safety.
6.3. COST ESTIMATION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND
MONITORING PROGRAM
Total fund for implementation of the environmental monitoring and management plan
is presented in the following table:
Table 6.6. Total fund of annual environmental monitoring and management program
Item Cost (VND/year)
Environmental Management Program 71,000,000
Environmental Monitoring Program
I Construction Stage 51,800,000
01 Wastewater monitoring 4,040,000
02 Solid waste monitoring 5,000,000
03 Air quality monitoring 16,880,000
04 Surface water quality monitoring 7,160,000
05 Groundwater quality monitoring 3,320,000
06 Soil and sediment quality monitoring 10,400,000
07 Hydrology, erosion and sedimentation monitoring 5,000,000
II Operation Stage 49,300,000
01 Wastewater monitoring 8,080,000
02 Solid waste monitoring 10,000,000
03 Sludge monitoring 3,760,000
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Item Cost (VND/year)
04 Air quality monitoring 8,440,000
05 Groundwater quality monitoring 1,660,000
06 Surface water quality monitoring 7,160,000
07 Soil and sediment quality monitoring 5,200,000
08 Hydrology, erosion and sedimentation monitoring 5,000,000
Total 172.100.000
So the total fund for the environmental management is 71 million VND and the
environmental monitoring is 101.1 million. In particular, fund for the annual
environmental monitoring is 51.8 million during the construction phase and is 49.3
million during the operation phase.
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CHAPTER 7 PUBLIC CONSULTATION
7.1. GOALS OF PUBLIC CONSULTATION
7.1.1. Appraisal Agency
Based on the consulting from local authorities and the public communities from the
affected areas, this activity will assist the Appraisal Agency to have a more completed
view over the project, and make it easy for project evaluation
7.1.2. The Project Owner
The project owner will receive feedback from local government and the public
communities then provide realistic assessments and effective mitigation proposals. In
the same time, the project owner will hold up responsibilities to carry out mitigation to
reduce long and short-term negative impacts from the projects
Furthermore, the project owner will create understandings between the public and the
WWTP staffs.
7.1.3. Consulting Agency
Consulting agency will receive feedback from local government and the public
communities from affected areas then provide realistic assessments and effective
mitigation proposals.
7.1.4. The People’s Committee and Fatherland Front Union
Public consultation will assist the Commune People Committee and Fatherland Front
Union more understandings on the projects through these points: benefits from
carrying out the Project, the environment impacts, and negative effects mitigation
measures.
This will create more understanding from local government toward the project
7.1.5. The Affected Public Communities
Public consultation will help the public communities understand more on the projects:
the benefits this Project will bring, the environment impacts, and counter measures on
negative impacts.
155
This will create more understanding from the public communities; including their
raise of concerns toward the project
7.2. PUBLIC CONSULTATION ACTIVITIES
During the EIA report, the project owner and consulting agency has consulted the
People Committee, Fatherland Front Union and public communities of An Phuoc
commune. The contents needed for public consultation in the EIA process are
including:
- Consultations on the scale and nature of the project;
- Consultations on the project’s impact on the natural and socio-economic
environment;
- Consultation on measures to minimize the project’s adverse impacts;
- Consultations on other matters (if any).
Project owner have consulted these groups:
- People Committee and Fatherland Front Union of An Phuoc commune (the project
location);
- The public communities, including residents lives nearby and will be affected by the
projects.
The planned activities are:
- Toward the People Committee and Fatherland Front Union of An Phuoc commune,
the project owner has sent official dispatch to these local governmental bodies. The
official dispatch is attached along with this report;
- Towards the residents who living nearby and under effects of the project, the project
owner have directly reviewed and sent a survey questionnaire to take their opinions
and feedbacks about the projects. The survey questionnaire is also attached with this
report
7.3. RESULTS OF PUBLIC CONSULTATION
7.3.1. Results of Public Consultation
Results of the household’s survey about the central wastewater treatment plant are
presented in the Appendix:
According to the results of consultation of public:
- Supply water: all residents (26/26) were using well drilling waters. The Nuoc Trong
stream water is absolutely not used for domestic, irrigation and livestock purposes;
156
- Status of air pollution: according to feelings of the majority of people (24/26), the
air is not polluted. Among those, there are some people (2/26) living downstream
along the Nuoc Trong stream have felt unpleasant odors during rainy season;
- State of water pollution of the Nuoc Trong stream: According to the majority of
people (23/26), the Nuoc Trong steam water is not polluted. Among those, there are
some people (3/26) living downstream along the Nuoc Trong stream, who found the
flooding of the Nuoc Trong stream during the heavy rains;
- For groundwater quality: According to the majority of people (21/26), who
extracted and used the ground water, there was no groundwater pollution problem.
- For health situation: the majority of people (24/26) have no respiratory-related
issues, intestinal or skin diseases. But there are some people (2/26) to have sinus
disease or dengue fever;
- For proposals: the majority of people (16/26) who did not have recommendations
about the state of the environment in which they live. Some people (9/26) living in the
upstream and downstream along the Nuoc Trong stream have proposed to improve the
stream before the rainy season to avoid flooding when heavy rains happened and to
strictly treat the wastewater before discharging into the receiving water body.
Through investigations, public consultation of people living in the downstream and
upstream along the Nuoc Trong stream, there were a lot of different opinions on their
actual sense about the current status of air, water, groundwater and health. However,
at the present, the WWTP of An Phuoc IZ has not come into operation; therefore, the
wastewater is not discharged into Nuoc Trong stream. The project owner of the central
waste water treatment plant of An Phuoc Industrial Zone has some explanations are as
follows:
- Regarding the current status of flooding in the rainy season: according to the public
consultation of people living along the Nuoc Trong stream, the local flooding
happened in the downstream during the raining season. The local flooding may occur
because of the too heavy rain or stream impeded by garbage, which makes the Nuoc
Trong stream to be flooded. In this regard, An Phuoc Industrial Zone Management
Board will select the appropriate time for wastewater discharge especially during the
rainy season, which will limit the impact of the WWTP on local flooding in the
downstream of the Nuoc Trong stream;
- Regarding the unpleasant odor in the air: The odor is caused by the local flooding
or by pollution of the Nuoc Trong steam from untreated wastewater. The An Phuoc
Industrial Zone Management Board will select the appropriate time for wastewater
discharge and effective treatment of waste water to avoid the flooding and odor
pollution.
- Regarding the high turbidity of water in the rainy season: this phenomenon can occur
due to local flooding stream or pollution of the Nuoc Trong stream due to receiving
the untreated waste water or rain water. The An Phuoc Industrial Zone Management
157
Board will select the appropriate time for wastewater discharge and effective
wastewater treatment before discharging into the Nuoc Trong stream.
7.3.2. Opinions of Local Government
7.3.2.1. Opinions of An Phuoc Commune People’s Committee
After reviewing the notice of the project’s main investment categories, environmental
issues, the environmental protection measures, An Phuoc Commune People’s
Committee has the following comments:
(1). Comments on the project's adverse impacts to the natural environment and socio-
economic conditions:
The People Committee of An Phuoc Commune approve the impact assessment of
pollution concentrations and waste loads discharged by the WWTP to natural
conditions and environment.
(2). Opinions about the plan to minimize the project’s impacts on natural environment
and the socio-economic development:
The People Committee of An Phuoc Commune recommend the project owner to
effectively implement the stated plan to minimize the potential impacts such as solid
waste, wastewater, air emission, security and social order during the construction and
operation of the project as committed as in the EIA report.
(3). Recommendations for project owners:
The People Committee of An Phuoc Commune recommended the project owner to
implement as the commitments in the EIA report. During the construction phase, if
any risk arising, the responding measures should be quickly applied.
The project owner should have good relationships with local authorities to manage the
related issues to provide new jobs for the local people living in the project area.
7.3.2.2. Opinions of An Phuoc Commune Fatherland Front Union
After reviewing the notice of the project’s main investment categories, environmental
issues, the environmental protection measures, An Phuoc Commune Fatherland Front
Union has the following comments:
(1).Comments on the project's adverse impacts to the natural, environment and socio-
economic conditions:
158
An Phuoc Commune Fatherland Front Union agrees with the impact assessment of
pollution concentrations and waste loads discharged by the WWTP to natural
conditions and environment.
(2).Opinions about the plan to minimize the project’s impacts on natural environment
and the socio-economic development:
An Phuoc Commune Fatherland Front Union recommend the project owner to
effectively implement the stated plan to minimize the adverse impacts such as waste
water, air emission, security and social order during the construction and operation of
the project as committed in the EIA report.
(3).Recommendations for project owners:
An Phuoc Commune Fatherland Front Union recommend the project owner to
effectively implement the stated plan to minimize the potential impacts such as solid
waste, wastewater, air emission, security and social order during the construction and
operation of the project as committed as in the EIA report.
The project owner should have good relationships with local authorities to manage the
related issues to provide new jobs for the local people living in the project area.
7.4. PUBLIC INFORMATION DISCLOSER
During the construction and operation of the central wastewater treatment plant of An
Phuoc IP, Phase 1, the project owner will prepare, and publicize the environmental
management plan at the office of the People's Committee of An Phuoc Commune for
public monitoring of the project. Environmental management plan shall cover the
following contents:
- The organization and operation of the department responsible for environmental
protection ;
- Plan of education and raising awareness of environmental protection;
- Responsibilities of the project owner in implementing the plan to minimize negative
impacts and prevent and respond to environmental incidents during construction and
operation of the wastewater treatment plant;
- Plan for the operation of environmental protection facilities;
- Plan of waste monitoring; ambient monitoring and other environmental monitoring
during the construction and operation phases of the central wastewater treatment plant.
7.5. COMMITMENT OF THE PROJECT OWNER
159
7.5.1. Undertaking Measures for Adverse Impacts Mitigation
Tin Nghia Corporation- the project owner of construction of the central wastewater
treatment plant with capacity of 2,000 m3/day commits to implement the measures to
control and minimize the adverse impacts on the environment and the socio-economic
development during construction and operation phases as specified in the EIA report.
Project owner will adopt the measures to prevent incidents and reduce pollution as
outlined in the EIA report, while to enhance the staff training to improve the
environmental management capacity of the project, to ensure that no environmental
pollution problems arising .
During the project operation, Tin Nghia Corporation will establish a management
board, which is responsible for the activities such as management of project activities,
ensuring environmental sanitation and repairing infrastructure systems, ensuring
regional security etc.
The project owner will coordinate with agencies specializing in the design and
construction of pollution control systems to achieve the level of pollution in
accordance with environmental regulations and response against environmental
incidents.
During the project construction as well as operation phases, if the incident arise and
cause the damage to residential areas surrounding the project, the project owner will
commit to compensate the damage caused by the project.
The project owner commits to obey the legal regulations on the management of waste
and hazardous waste before the project went into operation.
The project owner commits to complete the environmental pollution treatment
facilities and the environment pollution control systems before the project went into
operation.
The project owner commits to seriously operate the central wastewater treatment plant,
regularly monitor and report to the functional agencies.
7.5.2. Commitment for Implementation of Environmental Protection Measures
and Provisions
(1).Commitment to meet Vietnam environmental standards/regulations during
construction and operation phases:
The project owner commit to ensure the Vietnam environmental standards/regulations
compliance during the project’s construction and operation, including:
(i). Noise, vibration:
160
To ensure noise generated from the project’s construction and operation will achieve
the following criteria:
- Maximum permissible limit of noise in the labor areas (TCVS 3733/2002/QD-BYT:
occupational health standards, regulations on noise level and maximum concentration
of pollutants in the labor areas);
- QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT: Maximum allowable limit of noise intensity in public and
residential areas;
- QCVN 27:2010/BTNMT: Maximum allowable limit of vibration intensity in public
and residential areas.
(ii). Wastewater:
Treated wastewater to reach Vietnam regulation QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT–National
regulation about industrial discharge, Column A, Kf=1.0, Kq=1.1 before discharging
into the Nuoc Trong stream.
(iii).Domestic solid waste and hazardous waste:
- Collecting and transporting the solid wastes to the disposal area in compliance with
requirements on environment sanitation;
- Solid waste: All solid waste volume (domestic and production solid wastes ) will be
collected, sorted and contracted with Dong Nai Urban Environment Service Company
Limited or authorised companies for collecting, transporting and processing in
accordance with safety requirements;
- Hazardous and non-hazardous solid wastes will be collected and transported to the
disposing site in accordance with safety requirements to commit compliance with
Decree 59/2007/ND-CP on the management of solid waste; Circular 12/2011/TT-
BTNMT dated 14 April 2011 on hazardous waste management;
- Sludge from the central wastewater treatment plant will be tested in the analysis
laboratories then be disposed according to the regulations.
(2).Commitment to implement all environmental protection measures and general
provisions:
Project owner commit to meet the requirements on environmental protection as
follows:
- To implement fully and accurately the contents of the approved environmental
impact assessment report;
- To meet the requirements of the environmental landscape, to protect public and
worker’s health;
- There is a professional division qualified to perform the task of environmental
161
protection;
- To undertake the environmental protection measures and to complete those during
the preparation and construction phases before the project operation starts;
- To commit the compensation and remediation of environmental pollution in case of
environmental risks occurred when implementing the project;
- To commit the environmental restoration in accordance with the law on
environmental protection after the project operation ended.
Project owner commit to take full legal responsibility before Vietnam law for
violations of the International Convention, Vietnam Standards and Regulations if
incident happened to cause environmental pollution.