environmental pollution power point
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Environmental Pollution
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Introduction• Pollution has become the first enemy of the
mankind. Industrial revolution of 19th centuryled to environmental disaster. The whole world
is now more afraid of pollution rather than
nuclear blast. Technological advancement hasbrought revolutionary changes in life style and
national economy with overwhelming power
over nature. The protection of environmenthas become a major issue around the global
for the well being of the people and economic
development.
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What is Pollution?
• Pollution we hear it every other day at schoolcollege and read about it in newspapers. !o what is
it" Pollution occurs when pollutants contaminate the
natural surroundings# which brings about changes
that affect our normal lifestyles adversely. Pollutantsare the key elements or components of pollution
which are generally waste materials of different
forms. Pollution disturbs our ecosystem and the
balance in the environment. $ith moderni%ation anddevelopment in our lives pollution has reached its
peak# giving rise to global warming and human
illness.
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Environmental Pollution
• Environmental pollution is “the contamination of the physical and
biological components of the earth/atmosphere system to such an
extent that normal environmental processes are adverselyaffected”.
• Environmental pollution is defined as the undesirable change in
physical, chemical and biological characteristics of our air, land
and water. As a result of overpopulation, rapid industriali!ations,and other human activities li"e agriculture and deforestation etc.,
earth became loaded with diverse pollutants that were released as
byproducts.
• Environmental pollution is the introduction of harmful pollutantsinto a certain environment that ma"e an environment unhealthy to
live in. #he widespread pollutants are usually chemicals, garbage,
and wastewater. Environmental pollution is happening in multifold
parts of Earth usually in the form of air and water pollution.
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Causes of Environmental Pollution
• 1. Industries: Industries have been polluting our environment especially since
the beginning of the industrial revolution as mentioned above notably due to
the increasing use of fossil fuels. In the 19 th century and for a significant part of
the &'th century coal has been use to make machines work faster replacing
human force. Though pollution by industries mainly causes air pollution soil
and water contamination can also occur. This is particularly the case for power(
generating industries such as plants producing electricity )*ay they be a dam
a nuclear reactor or some other type of plant+.• ,lso the transportation of this energy can be harmful to the environment. $e
can take as an e-ample the transportation of petrol through pipelines# if there is
a leak in the pipeline soil will automatically be polluted. ,t the same time if the
tanker transporting the petrol from its production plant to the place where it will
be consumed leaks or sinks the water will get contaminated.
• 2. Transportation: ver since men abandoned animal power to travel pollutionof the environment has become higher and higher. Its levels have only been
increasing until now. !imilarly to industries pollution caused by transport can
mainly be attributed to fossil fuels. Indeed humans went from horse carriages
to cars trains )which before electricity used to be propelled by coal+ and
airplanes. ,s the traffic is increasing every day pollution follows that evolution.
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Causes of Environmental Pollution (Cont…
• !. "#ricultural "ctivities: ,griculture is mainly responsible for the contamination of
water and soil. This is caused by the increased use of pesticides as well as by the
intensive character of its production. ,lmost all pesticides are made from chemical
substances and are meant to keep diseases and threatening animals away from the
crops. /owever by keeping these forms of life away harm is almost always made to
the surrounding environment as well.
• 0urthermore as agriculture gets more and more intensive to feed the increasing
world population more environments and ecosystems are destroyed to make space
for the crops. !ome of them like rapeseed used to make oil demand a lot ofspace for a relatively small output.
• $. Tradin# "ctivities: Trading activities including the production and e-change of
goods and services. 2oncerning goods pollution can be caused by packaging
)which often involves the use of plastic which is made from fossil fuels+ or transport
mainly.
• %. &esidences: 0inally residential areas provide their fair share of pollution as well.0irst to be able to build homes natural environment has to be destroyed in one way
or another. $ildlife and plants are driven away and replaced by human
constructions. ,s it re3uires the work of industries construction itself is also a source
of contamination of the environment. Then when people settle in they will produce
waste every day including a part that cannot be processed by the environment
without harm yet.
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Effects of Environmental Pollution
• 1. Effects on 'umans: The effects of environmental pollution on humans are
mainly physical but can also turn into neuro(affections in the long term. The best(known troubles to us are respiratory in the form of allergies asthma irritation of
the eyes and nasal passages or other forms of respiratory infections. 4otably
these well spread affections can be observed when air pollution is high in cities
when the weather gets hot for instance. 5n top of that environmental pollution
has been proven to be a major factor in the development of cancer. This can
happen for e-ample when we eat reminiscences of pollutants used in theproduction of processed foods or pesticides from the crops. 5ther rarer
diseases include hepatitis typhoid affections diarrhoea and hormonal
disruptions.
• 2. Effects on "nimals: nvironmental pollution mainly affects animal by causing
harm to their living environment making it to-ic for them to live in. ,cid rains can
change the composition of rivers and seas making them to-ic for fishes an
important 3uantity of o%one in the lower parts of the atmosphere can cause lung
problems to all animals. 4itrogen and phosphates in water will cause overgrowth
of to-ic algae preventing other forms of life to follow their normal course.
ventually soil pollution will cause harm and sometimes even the destruction of
microorganisms which can have the dramatic effect of killing the first layers of
the primary food chain.
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Effects of Environmental Pollution (Cont…
• !. Effects on Plants: ,s for animals plants and
especially trees can be destroyed by acid rains)and this will also have a negative effect on animals
as well as their natural environment will be
modified+ o%one in the lower atmosphere block the
plant respiration and harmful pollutants can beabsorbed from the water or soil.
• $. Effects on the Ecosstem: In short
environmental pollution almost e-clusively created
by human activities has a negative effect on the
ecosystem destroying crucial layers of it and
causing an even more negative effect on the upper
layers.
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&an)in# Position in *an#ladesh of Environmental
Pollution
• 6angladesh has been ranked fourth among 91countries with worst urban air 3uality in the latest
air pollution monitoring report of World 'ealth
+r#anisation (W'+.
• *oreover three 6angladeshi cities have beenput among the top &7 cities with poorest air.
The &'18 version of the ,mbient ,ir Pollution
),,P+ database consists mainly of urban air
3uality data of 1'' cities from 91 countries.
(,ource: The -ail ,tar /a 0 201$
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+3E&4/E4T"5 ,TEP, 6+& P+557TI+4 C+4T&+5 I4 *"45"-E,'#he $%inistry of Environment and &orest '%(E&)* of +angladesh is primarily responsible for environmental
protection. t was created in -. #he %(E& has ta"en some steps to control the environmental
pollution of +angladesh.
National Environmental Management Action Plan (NEMAP): #he government has ta"en a pro0ect named
1E%A2 to integrate environment with the development in a policy framewor". t provides a guideline
for promoting effective management of resources, raising awareness among the people and improvement
of environmental degradation.
Environmental Acts, Rules and Laws: #he government of +angladesh has modified environmental acts,
rules and laws to improve environmental condition. Environment court has already been established to
ta"e prompt legal action against environmental pollution. #he 3(E has been empowered to punish the
offenders of environmental rules.
Control of Air Pollution: 4ecently the 3(E has ta"en some measures to carry out surveys on identificationand control of polluting industries, protecting habitats, examining the use of compressed natural gas in
industries, setting environmental standards and controlling river and automobile pollution on
environmental management. t also conducts vehicular emission measurements at 3ha"a city.
Banning of Polet!lene Bags: %ost of the sewage lines of 3ha"a city have been bloc"ed by indiscriminate
dumping of polyethylene bags over the years. As such, the government has banned the production,
mar"eting and use of polyethylene bags up to 56 microns thic" or less from 6- %arch 5665.
"r#an $rans%ort Pro&ect: A 7rban #ransport 2ro0ect has been launched by the 8overnment to improve
traffic system, envisage good bus services, improve road networ"s by constructing overbridges, fly
overs, underpasses and envisages a positive role for nonmotori!ed transport.
• 5669 to implement the facilitation, construction and installation of twin pit latrine. t improves rural
sanitation coverage and reduces infectious diseases in rural areas.
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+3E&4/E4T"5 ,TEP, 6+& P+557TI+4 C+4T&+5
I4 *"45"-E,' (Cont…Em#argo on 'm%ort of 'tems: #he government has banned the import of leaded petrol,
high sulfur diesel and high sulfur coal. #he government has also encouraged to use
:ompressed 1atural 8as ':18) to the automobiles. +angladesh 4oad #ransport
Authority '+4#A) has restricted the registration on two stro"e three wheelers.
Control of Arsenic Pollution: #he 8overnment has ta"en four ;trategies to mitigate the
arsenic problem. #hese are as follows<
'-). mmediate detection of the arsenic effected patients and ensure their proper treatment.
'5). dentify the arsenic contaminated tube wells, labeled them with red colour for dangerones and green with safe ones.
'9). 3etect the reasons for arsenic contamination in soil water and find out the sources of
safe drin"ing water.
'=). :onduct health education campaigns and grow awareness among the people.
nowledge Enric!ment Programme: Environmental education program has beenincorporated in primary and higher education. %any universities have introduced
various curriculum and pro0ects on environmental issue. 8overnment organi!ations as
well as 18(s present meetings and seminars to arise public awareness on the
environmental issue.
Rural anitation Programme: #he +angladesh 8overnment has ta"en a rural sanitation
programme from (ctober
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,7E,TE- ,TEP, 6+& P+557TI+4 C+4T&+5#he government has ta"en some steps to improve the pollution control of
+angladesh. +ut the steps are not ade>uate. As such, few more steps
may also be ta"en to improve the environmental degradation<
"se of Environmental $ec!nologies and Met!ods: Environmental
technologies and methods such as 8eographic nformation ;ystems
'8;), remote sensing and environmental impact assessment might be
used for integrated policy formulation, decisionma"ing, evaluation
and monitoring of environment.
*evelo%ment of Environmental *ata#ase: A comprehensive
environmental database may be made and the environmental planners
might have the access for environmental upgradation, planning and
management #he database is to be updated regularly.Environmental Education and Awareness: &ormal and informal
methods of education might be adopted through local media, seminars,
celebrations, wor"shops, wal"s and student competitions to aware the
people regarding the process of environmental degradation.
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,7E,TE- ,TEP, 6+& P+557TI+4 C+4T&+5 (Cont…
'ndustrial and olid +aste Management: #he government might ta"e appropriate
measures to monitor emission limits and %ar"et +ased ncentives '%+) for
reducing pollution control. #he industries might be given both technical and
financial support for introducing mitigation measures, promoting green
technologies, using less pollution technologies and recycling the waste.
Enforcement of Rules and Regulation: Environmental :onservation 4ules of -?,
traffic rules and other relevant environmental laws might be enforced further to
punish the violation of the emission limits.
"r#an $rans%ort Management: 8overnment must strengthen vehicle emission
standards, complete the emission inventory and conduct an investigation on the
emission control measures. Autoric"shaw must be restricted in 3ha"a city.
8overnment must replace old vehicles, twostro"e engine vehicles, improve
traffic conditions and promote an e>uivalent and efficient alternative public
transportation services to improve urban transport management.
Reduce ulfur in *iesel: 8overnment must ta"e necessary steps to remove sulfur
content from diesel through hydrodesulphuri!ation '@3;) process. #he
government must also enforce the vehicle manufacturers to install catalytic
converters in every vehicle to reduce the vehicular emissions.
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Conclusion• nvironmental pollution is causing a lot of distress not only to humans
but also animals driving many animal species to endangerment and even
e-tinction.
• The transboundary nature of environmental pollution makes it even
more difficult to manage it you cannot build brick walls along the
borders of your country or put customs cabins at every point of entry to
regulate its flows into your country.
• verything on our planet is interconnected and while the nature
supplies us with valuable environmental services without which we cannot
e-ist we all depend on each other8s actions and the way we treat
natural resources.
• It:s widely recogni%ed that we are hugely overspending our current
budget of natural resources at the e-isting rates of its e-ploitation there
is no way for the environment to recover in good time and continue;performing< well in the future.
• Perhaps we should adopt a holistic vie9 of nature it is not an entity
that e-ists separately from us# the nature is us we are an inalienable
part of it and we should care for it in the most appropriate manner. 5nly
then can we possibly solve the problem of environmental pollution.