ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE II FINAL EXAM

REVIEW

UNIT 1: HUMAN POPULATION

• Final Exam will be on Wednesday June 10, 2015• The final exam is worth 20% of your final grade for the course• Please bring a pen or pencil to the exam with you. Absences: Excused absence- you will take it on the day you return Unexcused absence- you will receive a 0

*****During the exam, if your cell phone or any electronic device is on your person, you will receive a 0!!!*****

UNIT 1: HUMAN POPULATION

Current world population: about 7 billion Resources: something that lies ready for use, can be

used to help usoEx: oil, coal, minerals, trees, books, people

Sustainable: to keep in existence, maintainoWhy is this important: to keep resources in

existence for future populations

1. Hunter Gatherer:

Nomadic- move around Small impact on the

environment- small population, didn’t stay in one place for too long

2. Agricultural:• Farming• Settle permanently- rise of cities•Plows, domestication of animals•Problems- overgrazing, logging

3. Industrial:

• Technology and factories- large amount of energy and resources• Largest increase in human

population- industrial revolution• Increase in pollution- air, land

and water

Human population Growth

• Exponential growth• Advances in food production• Germ Theory- bacteria and other microorganisms are the cause of disease

• Sterile surgery, better personal hygiene, water treatment• Biomedical Revolution- increase in the use of vaccines and antibiotics

• The population will remain stable when birth rate equals death rate• To decrease birth rate: later marriages, smaller families• Strain on resources- more people means more resources are needs: space, food,

supplies• Health problems: disease, malnutrition, poor hygiene, lack of medical facilities• Carrying Capacity: the number of people that this earth can hold• Factors that determine growth rate:

• Immigration- people coming into an area• Emigration- people leaving an area• Birth rate• Death rate

Declines in Growth Rate:• Cause: disease, famine, war, education, economy• Problems: aging/declining population, decreased military, decreased

taxpayers

Controlling Birth Rate is difficult:• Religious/personal/cultural views

Demographics:• the study of changes and trends in the human population• The number and types of people that make up a population• Ex: age, socioeconomic status, education

• Population pyramid

DISEASE:

• Pathogen: a disease causing organisms• Examples of Pathogens: virus,

parasite, bacteria • Diseases:• Malaria: caused by a mosquito,

parasite- parasite (protozoa)• Cholera: caused by

contaminated water, bacteria• Influenza: flu, virus