environmentally friendly alternative fuels - critical to aviations future future of aviation...
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Environmentally Friendly Alternative Fuels -
Critical to Aviations Future
www.caafi.org
Future of Aviation Advisory Committee
(FAAC) Subcommittee on the Environment
August 10, 2010
Richard L. Altman Executive Director, Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative (CAAFI)
“(The) U.S. aviation industry is eager for an entirely new fuel dynamic and will be an enthusiastic purchaser “ ……..Letter dated 1/16/09 to President Elect Obama
Aviation Biofuels – Multi-year History
CAAFI Formed
2006
70%
63%
TotalImports
U.S. Production
U.S. Consumption
2005
Mill
ion
bbl p
er d
ay
1975 1985 1995 2005 2015
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
F
Improve Fuel Fraction
Reduce Crack Spread
Enhance Supply Security
New Sustainable Dynamic Economic Need
Jet < 10%Gasoline
Diesel
3
Global Climate
Reduce PM 2.5
Contain CO2 Growth
Air Quality
New Sustainable Dynamic Environment Need
Ozone PM 2.50
20
40
60
80
100
120
Data for 50 Largest U.S. Airports
Non-at-tainment
Aerospace Industries Association
Air Transport AssociationAirports Council
International – North America
350 Sponsors/Stakeholders From All Continents * Actual attendance at 9/30/09 meeting 230 people, 125 entities
45 fuel producers
8 Universities, FAA Center of Excellence
15 Think Tanks, Consultants
21 Airlines, Exec Jets, Military, airport orgs.
CAAFI - Who We Are
14 Aircraft, engine,
subsystem OEM’s
4 Oil service providers3 International
Finance
Federal Aviation Administration
17 government agencies / labs
COMMERCIAL AVIATION• 10X USAF fuel market• Multi-year procurement
and hedging fuel purchasing• oversight of certification via
ASTM• Concentrated Airport
Distribution (80% of fuel to 35 locations)
• Single global environmental framework via ICAO (U.N.) – FAA is U.S. Representative
• R&D Resources via NASA, FAA (CLEEN), Many Commercial teams
DOD/USAF• Self contained
development, certification, procurement.
• R&D Fuels research assets at via AFRL
• Initial Fit for Purpose testing via AFRL
• Section -526 LCA compliance with DOE
• Certification for Synfuel via Mil Spec
• Initial purchases of synfuels to verify production Scale up.
CAAFI/FAA Leveraging Government Partners
FEEDSTOCK SUPPLIERS
FUEL PRODUCERS
DISTRIBUTORS / FBO’S
CAAFI – How We Operate
Facilitate Maximum Opportunity “Flow-up”
Focus and Communicate Requirements “Flow Down”
DevelopDeploy
2009 Aviation Achievements • First Major Aviation Fuel Qualification
in 20 Years passed – ASTM D7566!• Four flight programs of Biofuels• ICAO Accepted Best Practices
- Fuel Readiness Level risk management.
- CO2 LCA Analysis Principles
• Four Commercial projects formed
Winner 2010 Air Transport WorldJoseph S. Murphy Award
for Industry Service!
2010 Off to Excellent Start • Hydrotreated Renewable Jet (HRJ/ Bio-SPK)
tracking to 12/10 ASTM Approvals (Jan. - June)• White House recognition of Aviation as lead
customer for Biofuels (Feb.)• FAA/DESC “Single Fuel Buyer” Alliance (March)• Greatly expanding the scope of potential
supplier discussions (April, May) • First Quantitative Jet Fuel Carbon LCA
(PARTNER) leads aviation centric impact quantification (May)
• “Farm to Fly” with USDA announced (July)• “One Buyer” United Aviation Exhibit at
Farnborough Air Show (July)
Going Forward Approach/Challenges
• Accelerate Development and Certification
• Mechanisms for Rapid Deployment and Quality Assurance
• Environmental Certainty and Crediting (Carbon and PM2.5)
• International Harmonization and Cooperation
Fiberized Sweet Sorghum
Camelina Rotation Crop
Accelerated Development / Certificaton
In Process
• Execute Fuel Readiness with USDA/DOE/DOD to one roadmap
• Increase Number of processes and feedstocks qualified
• Implement “Feedstock Readiness Risk Management (FERL) to Match Fuel Readiness
Issue / Challenges
Current FAA Advanced Fuel Programs is one year Congressional Plus up
Year Fuel Type Status2009 - 50% FT Synjet blends
including biomass/coal/gas- Approval executed September 09’ under ASTM D7566
2010 - 50% HRJ Synjet Blend - Currently being balloted…12/10 Approval target
2013.4 - Other Biofuel process blends
- Fermentation Processes from sugar and Cellulosic material
- Catalytic Processes processes from sugar and cellulosic material
- Pyrolisis from cellulosic material.
CAAFI Certification Timing Targets and Status
12
Rapid Deployment / Quality Assured
In Process:
• Initial MOU’s, intent to execute Purchase agreements, signed
• Many Success Models Being Pursued at State Level
• “Top Down” regional studies (“farm to fly”), tools development
• Quality Assurance targeted with Congressional “Plus-up”
Issues/Challenges
• Financial Support inadequate:
- One year funding of $1/gallon introductory credit
- 80% Loan guarantees for production facilities
- 5 year max. purchase agreements for government buyer
• Quality Program multi-year to assure success.
Multiple Success Models (most promising)
California*Florida **GeorgiaHawaii**Illinois**
Michigan**Minnesota**Mississippi*
Ohio**New York**
North CarolinaNorth Dakota**Pennsylvania**
OklahomaTennessee**
Texas**Washington*
* airline/producer agreements ** study proposals or Pilot Plants
Planning & Tools Developments
Tool Suite Available or in process• ACRP 02-07 Fuel Cost /benefit (complete)• ACRP 02-18 Airport / Supply chain handbook• ACRP 02-23 PM 2.5 Airport Priorities • Carbon Neutral Growth Scenario Analysis• Next Gen Insertion Optimization Tool Projects to Begin Soon• “Farm to Fly” Regional Top Down analysis• ACRP Multi-Modal Assessment project • USAF / CAAFI “Biofuels Summit II” with USDA with
USDA regions. • Feedstock Readiness Level Risk Management
Construct under USDA / FAA MOU
Environmental Certainty / Crediting
In Process
• DOE / USAF carbon LCA (sec -526) Compliance Model (with FAA/EPA)
• PARTNER (MIT) / FAA Aviation Specific Carbon Life Cycle Analysis
• Air Quality PM 2.5 measurement and analysis process gains
• Examination of Verification Process candidates
Issues and Challenges
• Crediting benefits fo Purchaser under co-mingling
• How will Renewable Index Number process be applied in RFS-2?
• Slow development of Aviation specific Particle modeling tool
• Will Aviation Specific Issues have priority at EPA (we’re 2% of GHG)?
“Ground to Wake” Carbon LCA
Aviation Specific LCA
Executed by DOE / USAF with
FAA/MIT and EPA
Compatible International Planning
In Process
• EC Interchange and Contributions with CAAFI Teams
• Leverating strong Independent Partner Assets with E.C.
• Specific proposals for areas of cooperation
• Broad Participation in the Roundtable on Sustainable Fuels, Air Transport Action Group (ATAG)
Issues and Challenges
• Taxes (ETS) vs. Environmental friendly fuel incentives
• Renewable quotas vs. carbon neutral growth
• U.S. Cooperative model difficult to emulate owing to member state differences in EC
• “Opportunity cost”, time penalties EC/US negotiations
Europe/U.S. Have Strong Partner Assets
• Industry Partnerships – e.g. CFMI, IAE, P&W/MTU
• Significant standing (FAA/EU) dialogue
• EU / CAAFI program links now
• Shared contractors/processes
• Similar approach to ICAO (U.N.) (2009 common goals/methods )
• Aviation Positioned on “Cutting Edge” to be high visibility“First Mover”
• Pathways / roadmaps to success established /recognized
• Challenges / Remedies well understood
• U.S. CAAFI Public / Private Coalition global model
Environment Friendly Aviation Fuels?