environmentally-friendly produced dyestuffs and optical ... · issues concerning the responsible...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Environmentally-friendly produced dyestuffs and optical ... · Issues concerning the responsible management of the supply chain in the garment sector • Environmental issues (hotspots)](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e84117921530a60723c0566/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Environmentally-friendly produced dyestuffs and optical brighteners
Dr. Harald Schönberger
![Page 2: Environmentally-friendly produced dyestuffs and optical ... · Issues concerning the responsible management of the supply chain in the garment sector • Environmental issues (hotspots)](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e84117921530a60723c0566/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Optical brighteners
Dyestuffs for textiles
High fastnesses: light, washing, perspir. very stable substances (non-biodegr.)
![Page 3: Environmentally-friendly produced dyestuffs and optical ... · Issues concerning the responsible management of the supply chain in the garment sector • Environmental issues (hotspots)](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e84117921530a60723c0566/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Outline Environmental hotspots of the textile value chain Production of dyestuffs and optical brighteners for
textiles (example reactive black 5 and stilbene-based optical brighteners)
Conclusions
![Page 4: Environmentally-friendly produced dyestuffs and optical ... · Issues concerning the responsible management of the supply chain in the garment sector • Environmental issues (hotspots)](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e84117921530a60723c0566/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Issues concerning the responsible management of the supply chain in the garment sector • Environmental issues (hotspots) • social and governance issues, e.g. establishing fair
working conditions, setting social standards, establishing minimum wages, ensuring occupational safety, imposing a ban on child and forced labour,
![Page 5: Environmentally-friendly produced dyestuffs and optical ... · Issues concerning the responsible management of the supply chain in the garment sector • Environmental issues (hotspots)](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e84117921530a60723c0566/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Textile value chain – simplified scheme
Fibre production
Yarn production
Weaving or knitting
Textile finishing
Confection and retail
Use phase
Disposal/recycling
![Page 6: Environmentally-friendly produced dyestuffs and optical ... · Issues concerning the responsible management of the supply chain in the garment sector • Environmental issues (hotspots)](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e84117921530a60723c0566/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
rawmaterials
seeds
end-of-life
Raw materials
e.g. reactive black 5 e.g. H acid
Raw materials
e.g. Naphthalene, H2SO4, HNO3, NaOH
brand
disposal
re-use, recycling
AccessoiresRaw materials
rawmater.
Raw materials
Rawmater.
.
.
Synt. fibre prod.
Natur. fibre prod.
Fibre production
Weaving/knitting
Sizing agents
Preparations
Textile auxiliaries
Dyestuff manuf. Dyestuff intermed.
Washing agents
Textile finishing
en
erg
y
wat
er
che
mic
als
was
tew
ate
r
was
tega
s
solid
was
te
Garment manuf.
Use phase
Optical brightenersDiamino stilbene-disulphonic acid
Raw materials
e.g. softeners
Raw materialsPreparations
The textile value chain and mass stream thinking
plus transport activities at all stages
![Page 7: Environmentally-friendly produced dyestuffs and optical ... · Issues concerning the responsible management of the supply chain in the garment sector • Environmental issues (hotspots)](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e84117921530a60723c0566/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
rawmaterials
seeds
end-of-life
Raw materials
e.g. reactive black 5 e.g. H acid
Raw materials
e.g. Naphthalene, H2SO4, HNO3, NaOH
brand
disposal
re-use, recycling
AccessoiresRaw materials
rawmater.
Raw materials
Rawmater.
.
.
Synt. fibre prod.
Natur. fibre prod.
Fibre production
Weaving/knitting
Sizing agents
PreparationsTextile auxiliaries
Dyestuff manuf. Dyestuff intermed.
Washing agents
Textile finishing
en
erg
y
wat
er
che
mic
als
was
tew
ate
r
was
tega
s
solid
was
te
Garment manuf.
Use phase
Hot spot: cotton production
Hot spot: Dyestuff production
Hot spot: Textile finishing
The textile value chain – environmental hotspots
plus transport activities at all stages
![Page 8: Environmentally-friendly produced dyestuffs and optical ... · Issues concerning the responsible management of the supply chain in the garment sector • Environmental issues (hotspots)](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e84117921530a60723c0566/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
The textile chain – actors- and framework-oriented
![Page 9: Environmentally-friendly produced dyestuffs and optical ... · Issues concerning the responsible management of the supply chain in the garment sector • Environmental issues (hotspots)](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e84117921530a60723c0566/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
• the cultivation of cotton due to the high water demand and the high fertiliser and pesticide consumption
• textile finishing (pre-treatment, dyeing/printing, final finishing) causes large quantities of waste water containing high concentration of inorganic and organic compounds
• the production of dyestuffs, pigments and optical brighteners including the intermediates is associated with high amounts of solid wastes and waste water containing non-biodegradable and ecotoxic organic compounds
The textile value chain – environmental hotspots
Production of dyestuffs and optical brighteners needs to be taken into account
![Page 10: Environmentally-friendly produced dyestuffs and optical ... · Issues concerning the responsible management of the supply chain in the garment sector • Environmental issues (hotspots)](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e84117921530a60723c0566/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Production of dyestuffs and the related intermediates Example: reactice black 5 with intermediate: H acid (globally the most important dyestuff and intermediate)
![Page 11: Environmentally-friendly produced dyestuffs and optical ... · Issues concerning the responsible management of the supply chain in the garment sector • Environmental issues (hotspots)](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e84117921530a60723c0566/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Production of H acid - 4 production stages - yield referred to naphthalene: ca. 42 %, best ever: 51 %
![Page 12: Environmentally-friendly produced dyestuffs and optical ... · Issues concerning the responsible management of the supply chain in the garment sector • Environmental issues (hotspots)](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e84117921530a60723c0566/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Production of H acid – Sankey diagram (16 t of raw materials for 1 tonne of product, 1.5 tonnes of organic by-products)
![Page 13: Environmentally-friendly produced dyestuffs and optical ... · Issues concerning the responsible management of the supply chain in the garment sector • Environmental issues (hotspots)](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e84117921530a60723c0566/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
reactive black five 5 – the most important dyestuff in the world ….and H Acid is the most important dyestuff intermediate
![Page 14: Environmentally-friendly produced dyestuffs and optical ... · Issues concerning the responsible management of the supply chain in the garment sector • Environmental issues (hotspots)](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e84117921530a60723c0566/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Filling bags with reactive black five 5
![Page 15: Environmentally-friendly produced dyestuffs and optical ... · Issues concerning the responsible management of the supply chain in the garment sector • Environmental issues (hotspots)](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e84117921530a60723c0566/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Inadequate unloading of acids (HCl, H2SO4, NO3)
![Page 16: Environmentally-friendly produced dyestuffs and optical ... · Issues concerning the responsible management of the supply chain in the garment sector • Environmental issues (hotspots)](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e84117921530a60723c0566/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Inadequate unloading of naphthalene
![Page 17: Environmentally-friendly produced dyestuffs and optical ... · Issues concerning the responsible management of the supply chain in the garment sector • Environmental issues (hotspots)](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e84117921530a60723c0566/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Single wall HCl and NO3 tanks
![Page 18: Environmentally-friendly produced dyestuffs and optical ... · Issues concerning the responsible management of the supply chain in the garment sector • Environmental issues (hotspots)](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e84117921530a60723c0566/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Manual removal of a filter sludge
![Page 19: Environmentally-friendly produced dyestuffs and optical ... · Issues concerning the responsible management of the supply chain in the garment sector • Environmental issues (hotspots)](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e84117921530a60723c0566/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Manual removal of a powder (intermediate)
![Page 20: Environmentally-friendly produced dyestuffs and optical ... · Issues concerning the responsible management of the supply chain in the garment sector • Environmental issues (hotspots)](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e84117921530a60723c0566/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Inadequate waste water discharge - many severe cases
![Page 21: Environmentally-friendly produced dyestuffs and optical ... · Issues concerning the responsible management of the supply chain in the garment sector • Environmental issues (hotspots)](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e84117921530a60723c0566/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Inadequate dumping of solid waste
![Page 22: Environmentally-friendly produced dyestuffs and optical ... · Issues concerning the responsible management of the supply chain in the garment sector • Environmental issues (hotspots)](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e84117921530a60723c0566/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Process- and production-integrated measures to improve the production process – example for J Acid
![Page 23: Environmentally-friendly produced dyestuffs and optical ... · Issues concerning the responsible management of the supply chain in the garment sector • Environmental issues (hotspots)](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e84117921530a60723c0566/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Improvement of the H Acid production process
![Page 24: Environmentally-friendly produced dyestuffs and optical ... · Issues concerning the responsible management of the supply chain in the garment sector • Environmental issues (hotspots)](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e84117921530a60723c0566/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Process optimisation (process- and production-integrated)
![Page 25: Environmentally-friendly produced dyestuffs and optical ... · Issues concerning the responsible management of the supply chain in the garment sector • Environmental issues (hotspots)](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e84117921530a60723c0566/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Neutralisation after sulfonation and nitration
High quantities of solid residues per ton of H acid:
• about 5.6 t gypsum (chalk consumption: about 3 t)
Disadvantage:
reactive extraction as the alternative
![Page 26: Environmentally-friendly produced dyestuffs and optical ... · Issues concerning the responsible management of the supply chain in the garment sector • Environmental issues (hotspots)](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e84117921530a60723c0566/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Reactive extraction
nitro T acid in sulfuric
acid solution
+ tert. Amine
3 NR3
+ solvent
Ion pair comlex solved
in the solvent
Sulfuric acid (about
30%) for H acid
precipitation extraction
Na –salt solution to reduction
recycling of
amine and
solvent
![Page 27: Environmentally-friendly produced dyestuffs and optical ... · Issues concerning the responsible management of the supply chain in the garment sector • Environmental issues (hotspots)](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e84117921530a60723c0566/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
H acid manufacture –
ion pair extraction after sulfonation and nitration and catalytic
reduction of the nitro group with hydrogen (no iron sludge)
sulfonation
nitration
extraction/
reextraction
cat. hydro-
genation
naphthalene
H2SO4
oleum 65%
T acid
SO2-scrubber NOx to TCR H2 to TCR
HNO3 H2SO4
30%
tert. amine/
solvent H2 Ni catal.
(recycling)
evaporation
fusion
H acid
precipitation
isolation/
drying H acid
NaOH H2SO4 from
extraction
water (reuse) SO2 (sale)
wastewater to treatment
(wet oxidation)
T acid
H2O NaOH 50%
![Page 28: Environmentally-friendly produced dyestuffs and optical ... · Issues concerning the responsible management of the supply chain in the garment sector • Environmental issues (hotspots)](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e84117921530a60723c0566/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Reduction of raw material
consumption/avoidance of residues
in [ about t/t H acid]
• natural chalk: 3
• soda: 0.25
• sulfuric acid (96%): 3
Reduction of raw material consumption
• gypsum sludge: 5.6
• waste chalk: 0.3
Reduction of residues to be disposed
• CO2: 1.3
Avoidance of CO2-emissions
• Avoidance of iron sludge: 2.4 t
![Page 29: Environmentally-friendly produced dyestuffs and optical ... · Issues concerning the responsible management of the supply chain in the garment sector • Environmental issues (hotspots)](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e84117921530a60723c0566/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
No dumping of gypsum and iron sludge
![Page 30: Environmentally-friendly produced dyestuffs and optical ... · Issues concerning the responsible management of the supply chain in the garment sector • Environmental issues (hotspots)](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e84117921530a60723c0566/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Improvement of the H Acid production process
Mother liquor
![Page 31: Environmentally-friendly produced dyestuffs and optical ... · Issues concerning the responsible management of the supply chain in the garment sector • Environmental issues (hotspots)](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e84117921530a60723c0566/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Catalytic wet oxidation process Chemistry and process engineering
Basic chemical reaction
wastewater compounds + O2 + H2O2 CO2 + H2O + biodegr. org. compounds cat.
pH
air
catalyst
hydrogen peroxide
Off-gas
wastewater acid
pre-treated wastewater
temperature
pressure
reactor nozzle
Process parameter
reaction accelaration
higher O2-solubility
increased phases interface
=
=
= pH
Oxidation reactor
![Page 32: Environmentally-friendly produced dyestuffs and optical ... · Issues concerning the responsible management of the supply chain in the garment sector • Environmental issues (hotspots)](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e84117921530a60723c0566/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Reaction cycles in the cat. oxid. process
Starting and
catalyst cycle
Propagation steps
of Fenton's cycle
Propagation steps
of oxygen cycle
RH = Substrate
Me3+
Me2+
Me3+ + H2O2 O2 + Me2+
R*
H2O2
HO*
HO* + RH
R* + O2
ROO* + RH
R*
HOO*
ROOH
O2
H2O2
HOO* + RH
product
R* R*
Termination:
R* + R*
ROO* + R*
HOO* + Me2+
HOO* + Me3+
![Page 33: Environmentally-friendly produced dyestuffs and optical ... · Issues concerning the responsible management of the supply chain in the garment sector • Environmental issues (hotspots)](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e84117921530a60723c0566/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Flow chart of a cat. oxidation plant
circulation catalyst H2O2
off-gas
Wastewater
pre-treated
wastewater
acid
Alkali/alkaline
wastew.
air
demister
steam
neutralization
separator
compressor
sludge
storage tank for
wastewaterr
reactor
he
at
exch
an
ge
r
pH
F
F F
T
p
pH
option
F filter
![Page 34: Environmentally-friendly produced dyestuffs and optical ... · Issues concerning the responsible management of the supply chain in the garment sector • Environmental issues (hotspots)](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e84117921530a60723c0566/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Cat. oxidation plant for contin. operation Technical data
temperature
pressure
hydraulic
load
energy demand
100 – 140 °C
3 – 5 bar
1 – 20 m3/h
Autothermic
(COD>4000 mg/l)
air demand
hydrogen peroxide
(35 %)
catalyst
acid
ca. 10 Nm3/m3
per COD of 1000 mg O2/l
1.5 - 1.8 l/m3
per COD of 1000 mg O2/l
0.3 – 0.8 kg/m3
depends on wastewater-pH
Spec. consumption [/m3 wastewater]
COD: 6- 8 g O2/l
3 - 4.5 m3/h
![Page 35: Environmentally-friendly produced dyestuffs and optical ... · Issues concerning the responsible management of the supply chain in the garment sector • Environmental issues (hotspots)](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e84117921530a60723c0566/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Catalytic oxidative degradation of H acid and by-productsfrom ist production
LegendTemperature 120°CPressure 3 barEnergy consum.: autotherm.
oxi
dat
ive
deg
rad
atio
nin
%
per
oxi
de
oxi
d.
air
oxi
dat
ion
time in min
![Page 36: Environmentally-friendly produced dyestuffs and optical ... · Issues concerning the responsible management of the supply chain in the garment sector • Environmental issues (hotspots)](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e84117921530a60723c0566/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Summary of the results of the catalytic oxidation process
reactor feed:
- BOD5/COD (toxic)
- COD reactor feed
< 0.1
5.1 bis 8.0 g O2/l
reactor after oxidation:
- BOD5/COD (biodegradable)
- COD reactor after oxidation
0.7
1.1 bis 2.1 g O2/l
COD removal 74 - 85 %
Comparison of biodegradability:
- BOD5/COD reactor after oxid.
- BOD5/COD of glucose 0.7
0.8
![Page 37: Environmentally-friendly produced dyestuffs and optical ... · Issues concerning the responsible management of the supply chain in the garment sector • Environmental issues (hotspots)](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e84117921530a60723c0566/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Catalytix oxidation process: operating costs
Operational costs of batch and continuous reactors
Treatment capacity for organic compounds 5 – 8 kg O2 m-3 h-1
Hydraulic load : batch m3/d 1 – 2
continuous m3/d 5 – 300
Cost parameter dimens. consumption EUR/kg O2
batch contin. batch contin.
Energy without air
Hydrogen peroxide
Iron(II)-sulfate
Air oxygen
Sulfuric acid
kWh/kg
l/kg O2
kg/kg O2
m3/kg O2
l/m3
1.00
2.20
0.15
10
?
1.20
1.8
0.13
13
?
0.08
0.59
0.07
0.11
?
0.095
0.48
0.06
0.14
?
Total cost -- -- -- 0.85 0.78
Basic prices:
1 kWh
1 l H2O2
1 kg cat.
1 Nm3 air
1 l H2SO4
0.08 EUR
0.268 EUR
0.462 EUR
0.0108 EUR
0.47 EUR
![Page 38: Environmentally-friendly produced dyestuffs and optical ... · Issues concerning the responsible management of the supply chain in the garment sector • Environmental issues (hotspots)](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e84117921530a60723c0566/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Raw optical brightener – DNS-based
![Page 39: Environmentally-friendly produced dyestuffs and optical ... · Issues concerning the responsible management of the supply chain in the garment sector • Environmental issues (hotspots)](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e84117921530a60723c0566/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Stilbene-based optical brighteners
![Page 40: Environmentally-friendly produced dyestuffs and optical ... · Issues concerning the responsible management of the supply chain in the garment sector • Environmental issues (hotspots)](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e84117921530a60723c0566/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
SO3Na
NaO3S
NH2
NH2 + N
N
N
Cl
ClCl
2
0-5°C
pH 4.5-5
SO3Na
NaO3S
NH
NH
N
N
N
Cl
Cl
N
N
N
Cl
Cl
+
NH2
SO3H
SO3H
SO3Na
NaO3S
NH
N
N
N
NH
N
N
N
NH
Cl
Cl
NH
SO3H
HO3S
SO3H
SO3H
2
+ 2 HNRR'
SO3Na
NaO3S
NH
N
N
N
NH
N
N
N
NH
NRR'
R'RN
NH
SO3H
HO3S
SO3H
SO3H
cyanuric chloride
Di-, Tetra-, Hexasulfo Stilbene Brighteners
1. Condensation step
2. Condensation step
3. Condensation step
Synthesis of stilbene-based optical brighteners
![Page 41: Environmentally-friendly produced dyestuffs and optical ... · Issues concerning the responsible management of the supply chain in the garment sector • Environmental issues (hotspots)](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e84117921530a60723c0566/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Di-Sulpho MEK process
DAS Solution
Synthesis
Crystallization
Filtration
Slurry
MEK distillation
Paddle drier Pretreatment ML
ETP
mother liquor
![Page 42: Environmentally-friendly produced dyestuffs and optical ... · Issues concerning the responsible management of the supply chain in the garment sector • Environmental issues (hotspots)](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e84117921530a60723c0566/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Mother liquor from optical brightener isolation
![Page 43: Environmentally-friendly produced dyestuffs and optical ... · Issues concerning the responsible management of the supply chain in the garment sector • Environmental issues (hotspots)](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e84117921530a60723c0566/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Mother liquor: e.g. COD about 12000 mg/l, BOD5 about 200 mg/l very low biodegradability
special treatment required (e.g. wet oxidation)
![Page 44: Environmentally-friendly produced dyestuffs and optical ... · Issues concerning the responsible management of the supply chain in the garment sector • Environmental issues (hotspots)](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e84117921530a60723c0566/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Hotspot: textile finishing In the focus again (due to Greenpeace activities)
![Page 45: Environmentally-friendly produced dyestuffs and optical ... · Issues concerning the responsible management of the supply chain in the garment sector • Environmental issues (hotspots)](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e84117921530a60723c0566/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Textile Finishing
![Page 46: Environmentally-friendly produced dyestuffs and optical ... · Issues concerning the responsible management of the supply chain in the garment sector • Environmental issues (hotspots)](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e84117921530a60723c0566/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Impact of textile finishing on natural water
![Page 47: Environmentally-friendly produced dyestuffs and optical ... · Issues concerning the responsible management of the supply chain in the garment sector • Environmental issues (hotspots)](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e84117921530a60723c0566/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Impact of textile finishing on natural water
![Page 48: Environmentally-friendly produced dyestuffs and optical ... · Issues concerning the responsible management of the supply chain in the garment sector • Environmental issues (hotspots)](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e84117921530a60723c0566/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Conclusions and message of this presentation
- Mass stream and LCA thinking required - basis for solutions
- Synchronisation of mass (energy and chemicals) and information flow required (traceability)
- Qualify and quantify the environmental hotspots - Take production of dyestuffs, pigments and optical
brighteners also into account develop appropriate environmental indicators
…. and have a dream
![Page 49: Environmentally-friendly produced dyestuffs and optical ... · Issues concerning the responsible management of the supply chain in the garment sector • Environmental issues (hotspots)](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e84117921530a60723c0566/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
….to convert rivers like this
![Page 50: Environmentally-friendly produced dyestuffs and optical ... · Issues concerning the responsible management of the supply chain in the garment sector • Environmental issues (hotspots)](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e84117921530a60723c0566/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
... into to clear, natural rivers ...
![Page 51: Environmentally-friendly produced dyestuffs and optical ... · Issues concerning the responsible management of the supply chain in the garment sector • Environmental issues (hotspots)](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e84117921530a60723c0566/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Dr. Harald Schönberger Independent International Consultant on Industrial Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control Carl-Frey-Str. 3, 79288 Gottenheim/Germany e-mail: [email protected] mobile: +49-1795142415