enzymes 1. what are enzymes? enzymes many large proteins are enzymes catalyst act as catalyst to...

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Enzymes Enzymes 1

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Enzymes catalyze  Are specific for what they will catalyze  Only fit/work with one substance ase  End in –ase-Sucrase-Lactase-Maltase Reusable  Are Reusable 3

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Page 1: Enzymes 1. What Are Enzymes? enzymes  Many large proteins are enzymes Catalyst  Act as Catalyst to accelerates (speed up) a reaction 2

EnzymesEnzymes1

Page 2: Enzymes 1. What Are Enzymes? enzymes  Many large proteins are enzymes Catalyst  Act as Catalyst to accelerates (speed up) a reaction 2

What Are Enzymes?What Are Enzymes?Many large

proteins are enzymesenzymes

Act as CatalystCatalyst to accelerates (speed up) a reaction

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Page 3: Enzymes 1. What Are Enzymes? enzymes  Many large proteins are enzymes Catalyst  Act as Catalyst to accelerates (speed up) a reaction 2

EnzymesEnzymesAre specific for

what they will catalyzecatalyze Only fit/work Only fit/work

with one with one substancesubstance

End in –asease-Sucrase -Sucrase -Lactase-Lactase-Maltase-Maltase

Are ReusableReusable

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Page 4: Enzymes 1. What Are Enzymes? enzymes  Many large proteins are enzymes Catalyst  Act as Catalyst to accelerates (speed up) a reaction 2

How do enzymes Work?How do enzymes Work?Enzymes work by

weakening bonds weakening bonds which which lowers lowers activation energyactivation energyThe minimum The minimum

amount of amount of energy needed energy needed to start a to start a reactionreaction

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Page 5: Enzymes 1. What Are Enzymes? enzymes  Many large proteins are enzymes Catalyst  Act as Catalyst to accelerates (speed up) a reaction 2

EnzymesEnzymes 5

FreeEnergy

Progress of the reaction

Reactants

Products

Free energy of activationFree energy of activation

Without EnzymeWith Enzyme

Page 6: Enzymes 1. What Are Enzymes? enzymes  Many large proteins are enzymes Catalyst  Act as Catalyst to accelerates (speed up) a reaction 2

The substancesubstance (reactant) an enzymeenzyme acts on is the substratesubstrate

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EnzymeSubstrate Joins

Ex: sucrose is the substrate for sucrase

Page 7: Enzymes 1. What Are Enzymes? enzymes  Many large proteins are enzymes Catalyst  Act as Catalyst to accelerates (speed up) a reaction 2

Active SiteActive SiteA regionregion of an enzymeenzyme

where the substrate substrate bindsbinds.

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EnzymeSubstrate

Active Site

Page 8: Enzymes 1. What Are Enzymes? enzymes  Many large proteins are enzymes Catalyst  Act as Catalyst to accelerates (speed up) a reaction 2

Induced FitInduced FitA change in the shapeshape of an enzyme’s active site

It is It is induced induced (caused)(caused) by the substrate

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Page 9: Enzymes 1. What Are Enzymes? enzymes  Many large proteins are enzymes Catalyst  Act as Catalyst to accelerates (speed up) a reaction 2

Things that change enzyme Things that change enzyme effectivenesseffectiveness

1.1. TemperatureTemperaturea)a) high temps high temps may denaturedenature the enzyme. enzyme.

I.I. Changes its shape and makes it Changes its shape and makes it nonfunctionalnonfunctional

2.2. pHpHa)a) most like pH between 6 - 8 pH most like pH between 6 - 8 pH

(near neutral)(near neutral)3.3. Substrate and enzyme concentrationSubstrate and enzyme concentration

a)a) High concentrations increase functionHigh concentrations increase functionb)b) Low concentrations decrease functionLow concentrations decrease function

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Page 10: Enzymes 1. What Are Enzymes? enzymes  Many large proteins are enzymes Catalyst  Act as Catalyst to accelerates (speed up) a reaction 2

A video review to help you understand..

Enzymes

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