ENZYMES

ENZYME STRUCTURE• Enzymes are proteins

found in cells• Like all proteins, they are

made out of amino acids• The most important part

of an enzyme is its ACTIVE SITEThe active site is the area

where the substrate bonds

• (A substrate is the stuff that is used in a reaction)

ENZYMES TURN SUBSTRATES INTO PRODUCTS

FUNCTION OF ENZYMES• A catalyst is anything that makes a

reaction go faster•Heat is the best catalyst but it would kill our cells!

• An enzyme is a catalyst made out of protein

• When a chemical reaction is helped by an enzyme, the enzyme is not changed or used up. When the job is done, the enzyme will still be there, ready to be used again.

ENZYMES ARE SPECIFIC

• Every enzyme can only be used for one reaction. Each one can only bond with one substrate

• So every time you have a new substrate, you need a new enzyme

• This is called being SUBSTRATE SPECIFIC

http://www.dnatube.com/video/4999/Enzyme-Animation

DISCOVERY CHANNEL VIDEO

http://videos.howstuffworks.com/discovery/28733-assignment-discovery-enzyme-catalysts-video.htm

Review from EPS….. (or the video won’t make sense!)

Exergonic: a reaction that gives off energy•(the reactants have more energy in their bonds than the products)

Endergonic: a reaction that needs energy•(the reactants have less energy in their bonds than the products)

Some enzymes break down molecules into smaller pieces

Like in digesting your food

Some enzymes create large molecules by joining smaller ones

Like when you build muscle or a plant makes sugar

BREAKERS AND BUILDERS

NAME THE PARTS:

ACTIVITY OF ENZYMES• When an enzyme is doing its best job, that is

called it’s optimum• Many things can affect how good an enzyme is at

doing it’s job. Heat (too much or too little) pH and/or salts (interfere with the chemical bonds of the

enzyme and change its shape) Even things like enough vitamins and minerals in your diet

(not enough makes enzymes work slower)

http://lpscience.fatcow.com/jwanamaker/animations/Enzyme%20activity.html