enzymes honors biology chemical reactions and enzymes chemical reaction:
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Enzymes
Honors Biology
Chemical Reactions and Enzymes
chemical reaction:
Chemical Reactions and Enzymes
chemical reaction: process that changes one set of compounds (reactants) into another set of compounds (products)
Chemical Reactions and Enzymes
chemical reaction: process that changes one set of compounds (reactants) into another set of compounds (products)
A. example:
wood + oxygen carbon dioxide + water + energy
Chemical Reactions and Enzymes
chemical reaction: process that changes one set of compounds (reactants) into another set of compounds (products)
A. example:
wood + oxygen carbon dioxide + water + energy
Reactants
Chemical Reactions and Enzymes
chemical reaction: process that changes one set of compounds (reactants) into another set of compounds (products)
A. example:
wood + oxygen carbon dioxide + water + energy
Reactants Products
Chemical Reactions and Enzymes
B. example:
carbon dioxide + water glucose + oxygen
Chemical Reactions and Enzymes
B. example:
carbon dioxide + water glucose + oxygen
Reactants
Chemical Reactions and Enzymes
B. example:
carbon dioxide + water glucose + oxygen
Reactants Products
Chemical Reactions and Enzymes
B. example:
carbon dioxide + water glucose + oxygen
Reactants Productschemical equation:
CO2 + H2O C6H12O6 + O2
Chemical Reactions and Enzymes
B. example:
carbon dioxide + water glucose + oxygen
Reactants Productschemical equation:
CO2 + H2O C6H12O6 + O2
Reactants
Chemical Reactions and Enzymes
B. example:
carbon dioxide + water glucose + oxygen
Reactants Productschemical equation:
CO2 + H2O C6H12O6 + O2
Reactants Products
Chemical Reactions and Enzymes
II. The speed of a reaction depends on whether it releases or absorbs energy.
Reactants
Products
Products
Activation energy
Activation energy
Reactants
Energy Absorbing Energy Releasing
Chemical Reactions and Enzymes
A. All reactions require some energy to start: activation energy.
Chemical Reactions and Enzymes
A. All reactions require some energy to start: activation energy.
B. catalyst: substance that speeds up a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy
Chemical Reactions and Enzymes
A. All reactions require some energy to start: activation energy.
B. catalyst: substance that speeds up a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy
Catalysts found in living things are called enzymes
Enzymes are made of Proteins
Chemical Reactions and Enzymes
C. Enzymes• provide a site where the reactants of a chemical
reaction can be brought together
Chemical Reactions and Enzymes
C. Enzymes• provide a site where the reactants of a chemical
reaction can be brought together • are not used up or changed during the chemical
reaction
Chemical Reactions and Enzymes
active site: part of the enzyme where the reactants bind (stick)
Chemical Reactions and Enzymes
active site: part of the enzyme where the reactants bind (stick)
reactants: called substrate when they stick to the enzyme
Chemical Reactions and Enzymes
active site: part of the enzyme where the reactants bind (stick)
reactants: called substrate when they stick to the enzyme
• substrate only fits into the active site of the correct enzyme (like a key and lock)
Labeled diagram:
Enzyme
Active Site Reactants
Enzyme
Active Site Reactants
III. How does an enzyme work?A. reactant binds to the enzyme
Reactant stuck to
Active Site
Enzyme
Active Site
III. How does an enzyme work?A. Reactant binds to the enzyme
Reactant stuck to Active Site
Enzyme
Active Site
III. How does an enzyme work?B. reactants converted to product
Product
Enzyme
Active Site
III. How does an enzyme work?C. products are released – enzyme is free
to bind new reactant
Product
IV. Enzymes only work in specific conditions
A. temperature: destroys the shape of the enzyme (protein)
B. pH: changes the shape of the enzyme and its active site
Enzyme
Active Site
Temperature or pH Change:
Product
No Product Made
IV. Enzymes only work in specific conditions
• C. inhibitor molecules: block reactant from entering active site
Enzyme
Active Site
Inhibitor Molecules:
Product
No Product Made
IV. Enzymes only work in specific conditions
• D. coenzymes: make enzymes work better
Enzyme
Active Site
Enzyme: Peroxidase in liver cellsReactants: Hydrogen peroxide
ReactantsHydrogen Peroxide
Enzyme
Active Site
Enzyme: Peroxidase in liver cellsReactants: Hydrogen peroxide
Reactants
Enzyme
Active Site
Enzyme: Peroxidase in liver cellsProducts: Water and Oxygen
Product
O2 H2O
Enzyme
Active Site
Product
Enzyme: Peroxidase in liver cellsProducts: Water and Oxygen
More Hydrogen Peroxide
O2
H2O
Substrate ConcentrationThe reaction rate increases until the enzymes become saturated with substrate, and a maximum rate is reached