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Page 1: Enzymes. With the exception of a small group of catalytic RNA molecules, all enzymes are proteins. Their catalytic activity depends on the integrity of

Enzymes

Page 2: Enzymes. With the exception of a small group of catalytic RNA molecules, all enzymes are proteins. Their catalytic activity depends on the integrity of

• With the exception of a small group of catalytic RNA molecules, all enzymes are proteins. Their catalytic activity depends on the integrity of their native protein conformation.

• Cofactor – is a chemical component having either one or more inorganic ions, such as Fe2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, or Zn2+ or a complex organic or metallorganic molecules called a coenzymes.

• Some enzymes require both a coenzyme and one or more metal ions for activity. A coenzyme or metal ion that is very tightly or even covalently bound to the enzyme protein is called a prosthetic group.

• A complete, catalytically active enzyme together with its bound coenzyme and/or metal ions is called a holoenzyme.

• The protein part of such an enzyme is called the apoenzyme or apoprotein.

Page 3: Enzymes. With the exception of a small group of catalytic RNA molecules, all enzymes are proteins. Their catalytic activity depends on the integrity of

enzymecoenzyme

Prosthetic groupholoenzyme

Protein part of holoenzyme is called apoenzyme or apoprotein

Page 4: Enzymes. With the exception of a small group of catalytic RNA molecules, all enzymes are proteins. Their catalytic activity depends on the integrity of
Page 5: Enzymes. With the exception of a small group of catalytic RNA molecules, all enzymes are proteins. Their catalytic activity depends on the integrity of
Page 6: Enzymes. With the exception of a small group of catalytic RNA molecules, all enzymes are proteins. Their catalytic activity depends on the integrity of
Page 7: Enzymes. With the exception of a small group of catalytic RNA molecules, all enzymes are proteins. Their catalytic activity depends on the integrity of

Enzyme-catalyzed reactions.

E + S ES EP E + P

Page 8: Enzymes. With the exception of a small group of catalytic RNA molecules, all enzymes are proteins. Their catalytic activity depends on the integrity of
Page 9: Enzymes. With the exception of a small group of catalytic RNA molecules, all enzymes are proteins. Their catalytic activity depends on the integrity of
Page 10: Enzymes. With the exception of a small group of catalytic RNA molecules, all enzymes are proteins. Their catalytic activity depends on the integrity of
Page 11: Enzymes. With the exception of a small group of catalytic RNA molecules, all enzymes are proteins. Their catalytic activity depends on the integrity of
Page 12: Enzymes. With the exception of a small group of catalytic RNA molecules, all enzymes are proteins. Their catalytic activity depends on the integrity of
Page 13: Enzymes. With the exception of a small group of catalytic RNA molecules, all enzymes are proteins. Their catalytic activity depends on the integrity of
Page 14: Enzymes. With the exception of a small group of catalytic RNA molecules, all enzymes are proteins. Their catalytic activity depends on the integrity of
Page 15: Enzymes. With the exception of a small group of catalytic RNA molecules, all enzymes are proteins. Their catalytic activity depends on the integrity of
Page 16: Enzymes. With the exception of a small group of catalytic RNA molecules, all enzymes are proteins. Their catalytic activity depends on the integrity of
Page 17: Enzymes. With the exception of a small group of catalytic RNA molecules, all enzymes are proteins. Their catalytic activity depends on the integrity of
Page 18: Enzymes. With the exception of a small group of catalytic RNA molecules, all enzymes are proteins. Their catalytic activity depends on the integrity of

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