TRIPOLI UNIVERSITYFACULTY OF ENGINEERING

PETROLEUM ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

ENHANCED OIL RECOVERYENHANCED OIL RECOVERY

PE510 PE510

Fall 2013Fall 2013

ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY PE 510

DR. MOHAMED EL-HOUNI DR. MOHAMED EL-HOUNI

Fall 2013Fall 2013

INTR

OD

UC

TIO

N

Class Schedule

Saturday 14:00 – 15:30 Thursday 14:00 – 15:30

TRIPOLI UNIVERSITYFACULTY OF ENGINEERING

PETROLEUM ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Course Outlines

Introduction

Reserves

Phase Behavior

Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) Processes

Currently Used EOR Processes

Course Outlines

EOR methods used to improve reservoir recovery efficiency, and explain their differences For each method, state whether it can improve displacement, vertical or areal sweep efficiency and explain how it works.

screening criteria for enhanced oil recovery methods.

Course Outlines cont….

Course Outlines cont….

Understand Fractional flow theory and Buckley- leverett 1-D displacement

Evaluate the effect of relative permeabilities and fluid viscosities in the fractional flow equation

Course Outlines cont….

Estimate oil recoveries using Buckley- Leverett, Styles & Dykstra-Parson methods

Planning for water flooding.

GRADE DISTRIBUTION

Home Works 05% Quizzes 05% Test I 20% Test I 20% Final 50%

TRIPOLI UNIVERSITYFACULTY OF ENGINEERING

PETROLEUM ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

INTRODUCTIONReserves

Quantities of petroleum from known accumulations available for production and quantities which are anticipated to become available within a practical time frame through additional field development, technological advances or exploration

SourceJanuary 1996 issue of the SPE Journal of Petroleum Technology and in the June 1996 issue of the WPC (World Petroleum Congresses) Newsletter.

The SPE formulates rules for estimating reserves

Reserves are volumes that will be produced under current operating practices, prices, taxes, costs, etc.

Three categories of reserves: Proved, Probable and Possible

Proved is most important.

INTRODUCTIONReserves

Proved Reserves

Must be at least 90% likely to be produced Must be based on the actual production tests

or similar highly reliable information. May be reported to various agencies,

stockholders and the general public Are “estimated” and change with time.

Probable and Possible Reserves

Rarely reported outside the company Useful to keep track of future opportunities. Measures of exploratory success Resources are not expected to be produced

unless some critical factor (usually economics) changes in the future.

INTRODUCTIONReserves

Greatest Oil Reserves as of year 2006

264.3

178.8

132.5115

101.5 97.879.7

6039.1 35.9

21.4 18.3 15.2 12.9 11.4 11.2 9 7.7 7 5.8

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Pro

ved

rese

rves

(bill

ion

barr

els)

Source: Oil & Gas Journal, Vol. 103, No. 47 (Dec. 19, 2005). From: U.S. Energy Information

Greatest Gas Reserves as of year 2006

1,680

971911

241 214 193 185 161 151 112 98 84 75 71 66 65 62 59 57 56

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

Pro

ved

rese

rves

(tri

llion

cu

ft)

Source: Oil & Gas Journal, Vol. 103, No. 47 (Dec. 19, 2005). From: U.S. Energy Information Administration.

Oil Recovery

Primary recovery, using only the natural

energy of reservoirs, typically recovers up to

50% of OOIP (average 19%).

Secondary recovery involves adding energy

to the natural system by injecting water to

maintain pressure and displace oil (also known

as waterflood). Typical recoveries are 25-45% of OIP after primary recovery (average 32%).

Oil Recovery

Tertiary recovery includes all other methods

used to increase the amount of oil recovered.

Typical recoveries are 5-20% of OIP after

primary and secondary recovery (average 13%)

Secondary and tertiary recovery are together

referred to as enhanced oil recovery (EOR).19% + 26% =(100-19) x 32% + 7% =(100-45)x13% = 52%

Tertiary

Primarysecondary

Oil Recovery

Petroleum reserves definitions are not static and will be revised as additional geological or engineering data become available or as economic conditions change

Reserves may be attributed to either natural energy or IMPROVED RECOVERY METODS

Facts

Methods to Improve Recovery Efficiency

D I S C O V E R Y

Artificial Lift

Methods to ImproveRecovery Efficiency

Enhanced Oil Recovery Production/Injection Control

Natural Flow

Strategic Wellbore Placement

Conventional Oil Recovery

Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) Processes

Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) processes include all methods that use external sources of energy and/or materials to recover oil that can not be produced, economically by conventional means.

Currently Used EOR Processes

Water flooding Thermal methods: steam stimulation, steam

flooding, hot water drive, and in-situ combustion

Chemical methods: polymer, surfactant, caustic and micellar/polymer flooding.

Miscible methods including: hydrocarbon gas, CO2, nitrogen, flue gas

Phase Behavior

Any fluid can exist in vapour, liquid or solid phase depending on the conditions at which it is subjected. Solids, liquids and gases are phases of matter, which do exist in different states depending on the values of pressure and temperature.

Phase Behavior

The Reservoir Hydrocarbon…Fluid Type: Non-Volatile Oil Volatile Oil Condensate Gas Wet Gas Dry Gas

Basic Phase Behavior

TEMPERATURE

Phase Behavior

Phase Diagram of a Phase Diagram of a Black Oil ReservoirBlack Oil Reservoir

Temperature

Pre

ss

ure

Initial Reservoir Conditions

CPPath of Production

Separator Conditions

25%50%75%

Temperature

Pre

ss

ure

Path of Production

Initial Reservoir Conditions

Separator Conditions

CP

Phase Diagram of a Phase Diagram of a Dry Gas ReservoirDry Gas Reservoir