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EosinophilsS. Schemry & K. NapperMLT 1042 Prof . Domenici03/28/2014

EOSINOPHIL PURPOSE AND PRODUCTION

Eosinophils are pro-inflammatory white blood cells that have many functions. They are implicated in numerous inflammatory processes, especially allergic disorders. The functions of the eosinophil are varied, some of which are very similar to other white cells. Known functions include movement to inflamed areas, trapping substances, killing cells, anti-parasitic and bactericidal activity, participating in allergic reactions, and modulating inflammatory responses. Eosinophils may have a physiological role in organ formation.

• Eosinophils are formed exclusively in the bone marrow where they spend about 8 days in the process of maturation before moving into the blood vessels. They travel through the vessels for 8 to 12 hours before they finally arrive at destination tissues, where they remain for 1 to 2 weeks. Interleukin 5 (IL-5) is a major growth factor for this type of cell.

EOSINOPHIL CELL LINE

• Abnormalities can occur in the early stages of the pluripotent stem cells when having varying types of Acute myeloid Leukemias

• Next stage of cells, the promyelocytes can have abnormalities from Acute promyelocyte Leukemias

• The myelocyte stage when the differentiating granules start to show the cell lineage of a particular granulocyte can have abnoramalities from Acute myelomonocytic Leukemias

EOSINOPHIL GRAPHICS –ABNORMAL PERIPHERAL BLOOD AND BONE MARROW SMEARS

EOSINOPHIL TESTING• Blood tests. The diagnosis of eosinophilic leukemia begins with a test called a complete

blood count (CBC)

• Urine tests. Eosinophils can be detected in the urine by applying stains that attach to their cytoplasmic granules

• Molecular testing. Laboratory tests on the eosinophils to identify specific genes, proteins, and other factors .

• Evaluation of the heart. People who have many eosinophils for a long period of time often have problems with heart function and rhythm. An electrocardiogram and/or an echocardiogram maybe requested along with blood testing.

INCREASED AND DECREASE EOSINOPHIL PRODUCTION

WORK CITE LIST• Anonymous. 2014. [image online] Available at:

http://intranet.tdmu.edu.ua/data/kafedra/internal/stomat_ter_dit/classes_stud/en/stomat/ntn/Child%20therapeutic%20dentistry/5/10.%20Manifestations%20of%20blood%20diseases.htm [Accessed: 22 Feb 2014].

• Cancer.Net. 2014. Leukemia - Eosinophilic. [online] Available at: http://www.cancer.net/cancer-types/leukemia-eosinophilic/diagnosis [Accessed: 22 Feb 2014].

• Chronic inflammation - Eosinophils. 2014. [image online] Available at: http://www.pathpedia.com/education/eatlas/histopathology/general_pathology/chronic_inflammation_-_eosinophils.aspx [Accessed: 22 Feb 2014].

• Ciesla, B. 2012. Hematology in practice. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis.

• Connective Tissue. 2014. [image online] Available at: http://www.ouhsc.edu/histology/text%20sections/connective%20tissue.html [Accessed: 22 Feb 2014].

• Dominic A. Carone, A. 2014. Eosinophil: Low Eosinophil & High Eosinophil (Eosinophilia) Levels - Medfriendly.com. [online] Available at: http://www.medfriendly.com/eosinophil.html [Accessed: 22 Feb 2014].

• Eosinophils. 2014. [image online] Available at: http://www.wadsworth.org/chemheme/heme/glass/slide_038_eos.htm [Accessed: 22 Feb 2014].

• New aspects on inflammation in allergic diseases. 2014. [image online] Available at: http://www.elsevier.pt/en/revistas/allergologia-et-immunopathologia-105/artigo/new-aspects-on-inflammation-in-allergic-diseases-13092077 [Accessed: 22 Feb 2014].

• Origins and expression of cell surface markers by various myeloid cell types present in tumours. 2014. [image online] Available at: http://www.nature.com/nrc/journal/v8/n8/fig_tab/nrc2444_F1.html [Accessed: 22 Feb 2014].

• Regid.org. 2014. What is an Eosinophil? | REGID.org. [online] Available at: https://regid.org/discover/what-eosinophil [Accessed: 22 Feb 2014].

• Usmle287.wordpress.com. 2012. Basophil and Eosinophil mediators/granular contents. [online] Available at: http://usmle287.wordpress.com/page/15/ [Accessed: 22 Feb 2014].

• Shangle Nikhil. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/myeloproliferativecm.html

• Lee, C. (2010). Open medicine. A patient with shortness of breath and bilateral pulmonary infiltrates , 4(4), Retrieved from http://www.openmedicine.ca/article/view/364/362

• Zaidi, S. (2013, February 17). Leukemia - acute recurrent genetic abnormalities aml with inv(16)(p13.1;q22) or t(16;16)(p13.1;q22); cbfb-myh11. Retrieved from http://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/leukemiainv16.html

ABNORMALITIES IN EOSINOPHIL CELL LINE

• Decrease Eosinophils-A low eosinophil level is usually not a cause for concern and is actually quite common. Eosinophils can be too low due to administration of steroids. Steroids are any of a large number of hormone substances with a similar and basic chemical structure. Hormones are natural chemicals produced by the body and released into the blood that have a specific effect on tissues in the body.

•Increase Eosinophils-

• Allergic Disorders Immunologic Disorders and Reactions

• Drug Reactions Endocrine Disorders

• Infectious Diseases Skin and Subcutaneous Disorders

• Parasitic infections Pulmonary Conditions

• Blood Disorders Neurologic Disorders

• Gastrointestinal Diseases Rheumatologic Illnesses

• Cardiac Conditions Renal Diseases

Transformation to AML with inv(16), t(9;22) and M4 morphology shows increase in marrow eosinophils with abnormal basophil staining granules, increased blasts and slight monocytosis

Chronic inflammation may be defined as a delayed-onset and protracted duration response of the host to tissue injuries and certain foreign injurious agents that may last for days, weeks, months, or years but may also persist for an indefinite period of time. The response is mediated by chemical mediators and any or all of the following cell types: lymphocytes, plasma cells, histiocytes, benign giant cells, mast cells, and eosinophils. This example shows a predominant population of eosinophils with brightly eosinophilic coarse cytoplasmic granules and mono-lobed to bi-lobed nuclei (arrow).

Churg–Strauss and hypereosinophilic syndromeFrom a patient with asthma and bilateral pulmonary infiltrates

Immature cells with folded monocytoid nuclei mixed with abnormal eosinophils(arrow), containing largebasophilic granules and more normal eosinophil granules Leukemia - AcuteRecurrent genetic abnormalitiesAML with inv(16)(p13.1;q22) or t(16;16)(p13.1;q22); CBFB-MYH11