ep eurobarometer flash international women’s day 2012
DESCRIPTION
EP EUROBAROMETER Flash International Women’s day 2012. 8 march 2012. Methodology. Methodology. Flash Eurobarometer. Survey conducted by telephone Fieldwork : from 19 to 21 January 2012 Population : representative sample aged 15 and over Coverage : 27 EU Member States - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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EP EUROBAROMETER FlashInternational Women’s day 2012
8 march 2012
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Methodology
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Methodology
o Survey conducted by telephone
o Fieldwork: from 19 to 21 January 2012
o Population: representative sample aged 15 and over
o Coverage: 27 EU Member States
o Number of interviewees: 25,539
Flash Eurobarometer
3
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Structure
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Structure
A. THE GENERAL SITUATION
B. INEQUALITIES
C. RECONCILING FAMILY LIFE AND
PROFESSIONAL LIFE
D. MEASURES TO COMBAT PAY GAPS
E. THE ISSUE OF GENDER DIVERSITY IN THE
WORKPLACE
F. CONCLUSION 5
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A. THE GENERAL SITUATION
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A. Current situation - Half of Europeans believe that inequalities are a serious problem in their country
Total “Not serious” : 45%
Total “Serious”: 52%
Pre-2004 Member States: 55%Post-2004/2007 Member States: 44%
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A. Current situation An absolute majority believes that this is a serious problem in 10 Member States
Q1. In your opinion, to what extent are gender inequalities a very serious, a fairly serious, a not really serious or not at all a serious problem at the current time in (OUR COUNTRY)?
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A. Recent developmentsEuropeans believe that progress has been made in this area
Pre-2004 Member States: 61% Post-2004/2007 Member
States: 54%
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A. Recent developments In almost all Member States, a majority of respondents believe that gender inequalities have tended to decrease
Q2. And compared with 10 years ago, would you say that gender inequalities have tended to increase or decrease in (OUR COUNTRY)?
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A. General situation Differences in perceptions between men and women are real, but minor in terms of perceived changes in levels of inequalities
Tended to increase
Tended to decrease
Have not changed (SPONTANEOUS)
Don't know
EU27 24% 60% 12% 4%
Male 23% 62% 11% 4%
Female 26% 57% 12% 5%
15-24 18% 69% 5% 8%
25-39 20% 67% 9% 4%
40-54 24% 60% 13% 3%
55 + 30% 50% 15% 5%
15- 40% 43% 12% 5%
16-19 27% 58% 11% 4%
20+ 18% 65% 13% 4%
Still studying 16% 70% 6% 8%
Gender
Age
Education (End of)
Total 'Serious' Total 'Not serious' Don't know
EU27 52% 45% 3%
Male 46% 51% 3%
Female 58% 39% 3%
15-24 48% 50% 2%
25-39 52% 46% 2%
40-54 53% 45% 2%
55 + 54% 42% 4%
15- 58% 37% 5%
16-19 51% 46% 3%
20+ 53% 45% 2%
Still studying 50% 48% 2%
Self- employed 47% 51% 2%
Employés 52% 47% 1%
including managers 49% 50% 1%
Manual workers 46% 50% 4%
Not working 55% 41% 4%
Gender
Age
Education (End of)
Respondent occupation scale
Q1. In your opinion, to what extent are gender inequalities a very serious, a fairly serious, a not really serious or not at all a serious problem at the current time in (OUR COUNTRY)?
Q2. And compared with 10 years ago, would you say that gender inequalities have tended to increase or decrease in
(OUR COUNTRY)?
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B. INEQUALITIES
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B. Gender inequalities Violence against women and pay gaps: most important inequalities according to Europeans
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B. Gender inequalitiesSignificant variations exist between countries: violence is the leading issue in 12 Member States
Violence against women
The pay gap between women and men
Trafficking in women, prostitution
The small proportion of women in positions
of responsibility in companies
EU27 48% 43% 36% 30%
ES 74% 42% 42% 22%
SE 64% 53% 47% 21%
RO 62% 23% 54% 20%
LT 60% 41% 40% 12%
IT 58% 23% 37% 32%
PT 57% 35% 42% 27%
EL 55% 23% 47% 20%
DK 51% 34% 60% 15%
MT 50% 31% 34% 31%
UK 50% 35% 47% 23%
FR 49% 54% 24% 37%
SI 48% 33% 26% 31%
BE 47% 50% 35% 32%
In your opinion, which of the gender inequalities in the following list are the most important? First? And then ? (3 ANSWERS MAXIMUM)
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B. Gender inequalitiesPay gaps are the leading issue in 12 other Member States
IE 44% 27% 48% 29%
AT 43% 61% 30% 32%
SK 43% 47% 29% 27%
CY 42% 34% 35% 21%
BG 41% 34% 39% 19%
FI 41% 57% 28% 25%
CZ 39% 55% 26% 31%
HU 39% 45% 32% 26%
LV 36% 43% 33% 20%
NL 35% 42% 48% 41%
LU 34% 44% 29% 36%
PL 33% 46% 35% 28%
EE 30% 55% 23% 24%
DE 27% 59% 20% 44%
Highest percentage by item Lowest percentage by itemHighest percentage per country Lowest percentage per country
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Violence against women
The pay gap between women
and men
Trafficking in women,
prostitution
The small proportion of
women in positions of responsibility in
companies
EU27 48% 43% 36% 30%
Male 46% 39% 36% 29%
Female 50% 46% 35% 32%
15-24 51% 38% 44% 27%
25-39 51% 41% 39% 31%
40-54 48% 45% 35% 32%
55 + 45% 45% 30% 31%
15- 52% 39% 33% 25%
16-19 49% 43% 36% 29%
20+ 45% 45% 34% 34%
Still studying 50% 40% 41% 31%
In your opinion, which of the gender inequalities in the following list are the most important? First? And then ?(3 ANSWERS MAXIMUM)
Gender
Age
Education (End of)
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B. Gender inequalities Clear differences by age and level of education
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B. Perception of the problem A very large majority of Europeans believe that pay gaps are a serious problem
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B. Perception of the problem In 25 Member States, pay gaps are perceived as a serious problem by a majority of respondents
Q4. Personally, based on your knowledge of the pay gap between women and men, to what extent would you say that this is a very serious, a fairly serious, a not really serious or not at all a serious problem?
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B. Perception of the problemThe problem is seen as more serious by women and by older and less educated respondents
Q4. Personally, based on your knowledge of the pay gap between women and men, to what extent would you say that this is a very serious, a fairly serious, a not really serious or not at all a serious problem?
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C. Reconciling family life and professional life
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C. Reconciling family life and professional lifeThe pay gap issue is downplayed; the trade-off between work and child-minding is a more divisive issue
Q5. To what extent do you totally agree, tend to agree, tend to disagree or totally disagree with each of the following statements?
69% 28%
41% 55%
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C. Reconciling family life and professional lifeThe proportion of Europeans who disagree with the statement is significantly larger when the question pertains to the father
* Split A only** Split B only
The split ballot technique: the sample was split into two equal parts, in a totally arbitrary manner.One group, split A, answered the question pertaining to the mother. The other group, split B, answered the question pertaining to the father.
41% 55%
35% 60%
Q5. To what extent do you totally agree, tend to agree, tend to disagree or totally disagree with each of the following statements?
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C. Reconciling family life and professional lifeThe belief that the pay gap issue is downplayed is held by a majority in all the Member States
Q5. To what extent do you totally agree, tend to agree, tend to disagree or totally disagree with each of the following statements?
The issue of the pay gap between women and men gets downplayed
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C. Reconciling family life and professional lifeThe belief that the parent with the lower salary should give up work is held by a majority in 9 Member States
Q5. To what extent do you totally agree, tend to agree, tend to disagree or totally disagree with each of the following statements?
In a family, it is the parent with the lower salary who should give up work to look after the children
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C. Reconciling family life and professional lifeWhen the statement pertains to the mother, most respondents reject it in 17 Member States
Pre-2004 Member States: 38%Post-2004/2007 Member States: 52%
Q5. To what extent do you totally agree, tend to agree, tend to disagree or totally disagree with each of the following statements?
(SPLIT A ONLY) When child-minding costs are more or less equivalent to what the mother earns, she should stop working to take care of the children
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C. Reconciling family life and professional lifeWhen the statement pertains to the father, most respondents reject it in 25 Member States
Pre-2004 Member States: 35%Post-2004/2007 Member States: 34%
Q5. To what extent do you totally agree, tend to agree, tend to disagree or totally disagree with each of the following statements?
(SPLIT B ONLY) When child-minding costs are more or less equivalent to what the father earns, she should stop working to take care of the children
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C. Reconciling family life and professional lifeIn 22 Member States, respondents would prefer the mother to give up work, rather than the father
Q5. To what extent do you totally agree, tend to agree, tend to disagree or totally disagree with each of the following statements?
When child-minding costs are more or less equivalent to what the mother*/the father** earns, she should stop working to take care of the children
-Answer ‘Total agree’
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Total 'Agree' Total 'Disagree' Total 'Agree' Total 'Disagree'
EU27 41% 55% 35% 60%
Countries before 2004 38% 58% 35% 59%
Countries post 2004/2007 52% 44% 34% 62%
Male 43% 53% 38% 57%
Female 40% 56% 32% 63%
15-24 33% 66% 28% 69%
25-39 37% 60% 38% 59%
40-54 40% 55% 38% 57%
55 + 49% 45% 32% 60%
15- 53% 41% 34% 57%
16-19 48% 48% 35% 60%
20+ 36% 60% 35% 60%
Still studying 27% 72% 31% 66%
Important 39% 57% 37% 58%
Not important 43% 53% 32% 63%
Problem of gender inequalities
Q5 To what extent do you totally agree, tend to agree, tend to disagree or totally disagree with each of the following statements?
(SPLIT A ONLY) When child-minding costs are more or less equivalent to what the
mother earns, she should stop working to take care of the children
(SPLIT B ONLY) When child-minding costs are more or less equivalent to what the father earns, he should stop working to
take care of the children
Gender
Age
Education (End of)
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C. Reconciling family life and professional lifeThere are significant differences depending on whether the question pertains to the mother or the father
Q5. To what extent do you totally agree, tend to agree, tend to disagree or totally disagree with each of the following statements?
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D. MEASURES TO COMBAT PAY GAPS
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D.1 Level of decision makingMost respondents would prefer action to be taken at European Union level
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D.1 Level of decision makingIn 21 Member States, the European Union level is seen as the most appropriate to handle pay gaps
Q6. On average in the European Union, women earn 17.5% less than men for work of equal value. Generally speaking, would you say that a solution to this issue needs to be found…
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D.2 Preferred measuresSanctions and incentives are rated equally
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D.2 Preferred measuresFacilitating access for everyone and financial penalties are the leading measures in a majority of Member States
Facilitating access for women and men to any type of employment (for example,
men in social work and women in scientific and IT
professions)
Imposing financial penalties on companies that do not
respect gender equality (for example, on pay and
promotion)
Transparent pay scales in companies
Encouraging and supporting people who report cases of
unequal pay
EU27 27% 26% 24% 16%
CZ 38% 23% 25% 8%
DK 35% 10% 32% 13%
PL 34% 26% 14% 20%
ES 33% 29% 21% 13%
FI 33% 18% 31% 12%
DE 32% 16% 30% 13%
BG 31% 25% 25% 11%
IT 30% 29% 20% 15%
LV 30% 24% 23% 17%
LT 29% 17% 27% 19%
LU 29% 27% 22% 17%
AT 29% 19% 31% 13%
SE 28% 24% 22% 18%
Q7. In your opinion, which of the following measures would contribute the most to reducing the pay gap between women and men in (OUR COUNTRY)? (ONE ANSWER ONLY)
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D.2 Preferred measures
Facilitating access for women and men to any type of employment (for example,
men in social work and women in scientific and IT
professions)
Imposing financial penalties on companies that do not
respect gender equality (for example, on pay and
promotion)
Transparent pay scales in companies
Encouraging and supporting people who report cases of
unequal pay
EU27 27% 26% 24% 16%
SI 27% 30% 22% 12%
SK 27% 26% 29% 13%
EL 26% 33% 17% 17%
CY 26% 22% 26% 17%
HU 26% 23% 29% 15%
BE 25% 30% 23% 18%
EE 22% 12% 32% 19%
FR 22% 34% 25% 14%
NL 19% 25% 37% 15%
PT 19% 27% 22% 24%
RO 19% 29% 23% 20%
IE 18% 31% 29% 18%
MT 18% 30% 19% 27%
UK 14% 32% 27% 20%
Highest percentage per country Lowest percentage per countryHighest percentage by item Lowest percentage by item
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E. GENDER DIVERSITY IN THE WORKPLACE
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E. Pay gaps in certains occupations Pre-2004 Member States are more shocked by pay gaps
3%3%
‘Totally unjustified’Pre-2004 Member States:
62%Post-2004/2007 Member
States: 46%
Q8. At the current time, there are pay gaps between certain “female” professions and certain “male” professions, despite the fact that they require equivalent levels of training
and skills. Personally, would you say that these pay gaps are totally justified, fairly justified, fairly unjustified or totally unjustified?
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E. Pay gaps in certain occupationsNational variations
Q8. At the current time, there are pay gaps between certain “female” professions and certain “male” professions, despite the fact that they require equivalent levels of training and skills. Personally, would you say that these pay gaps are totally justified, fairly justified, fairly unjustified or totally unjustified?
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E. Recommended measures for combating gender under-representation Improving working conditions, the leading measure cited
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E. Recommended measures for combating gender under-representationImproving working conditions is the leading measure in 24 countries
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E. Recommended measures for combating gender under-representationMore attractive salaries is the leading measure in Latvia, Estonia and Hungary
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F. CONCLUSION
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F. Conclusion
Gender inequality problems, in general, and pay gaps in particular, are regarded as serious by a very large majority of Europeans
To combat pay gaps, sanctions and incentives are rated equally
In terms of the trade-off between work and child-minding (father/mother), stereotypes persist
The EU level remains the most appropriate scale for tackling these problems
To promote gender diversity in "male" and "female" occupations, the improvement of working conditions is necessary in most Member States
Analysis by group of countries, by country and using socio-demographic criteria demonstrates genuine complexity in the structure of opinions of gender inequality are formed
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Thank you for your
attention