epa energy savings plus health guideline (1)

7/23/2019 EPA Energy Savings Plus Health Guideline (1)

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Energy Savings Plus Health:

IndoorAirQualityGuidelinesforSchoolBuildingUpgrades

Indoor Air Quality (IAQ)

United StatesEnvironmental ProtectionAgency



IntendedAudience

ThisGuideiswrittenprimarilyforschoolfacilitymanagers,energymanagers,riskmanagers,buildingoperators

andschooladministratorstohelpthemcollaborativelymanagetherelationshipsbetweenenergyefficiencyupgrade

activitiesandindoorairquality(IAQ)inschools.

OtheraudiencesthatmayfindthisGuideapplicabletotheirworkincludearchitects,designengineers,andcon

structioncontractorswhocanapplytheprinciplesofthisGuideduringdesignandconstruction;commissioning

authoritieswhocanensurethatthedesign,construction,andtestingareappropriatetomeetenergyefficiency

andIAQ-relatedgoalsandrequirements;sustainabilitycoordinators;otherdecisionmakerswhohelptooversee

anddirecttheworkofbuildingmanagersandotherpractitionersinschools;andparentsandothersintheschool

community.



EnergySavingsPlusHealth| INDOORAIRQUALITYGUIDELINESFORSCHOOLBUILDINGUPGRADES

TableofContents

Section1:IntroductionandHowToUsetheGuide

Purpose 3

Background 3

FundamentalPrinciplesofIAQ 4

HowtheEnergySavingsPlusHealthGuideIsOrganized 4

TheBusinessCaseforIntegratingEnergyEfficiencyandIAQ 17

Section2:AssessmentProtocolsandRecommendedActions

IntegratedProcess 23

1.0ProjectPlanning/IntegratedDesign 23

2.0Commissioning 26

MoistureandMold 29

3.0MoistureControlandMold 29

HazardousMaterials 33 4.0Asbestos 33

5.0Lead 36

6.0PolychlorinatedBiphenyls(PCBs) 37

OutdoorContaminantsandSources 39

7.0Radon 39

8.0BelowgroundVapor-FormingContaminants(ExceptRadon) 41

9.0VehicleExhaust 42

10.0LocalandRegionalAmbientAirQuality 44

11.0Pests 45

12.0Tracked-InPollutants 47

IndoorContaminantsandSources 48

13.0BuildingProducts/MaterialsEmissions 48

14.0VentedCombustionAppliances 51

15.0UnventedCombustionAppliances 53

16.0OzoneFromIndoorSources 54

17.0EnvironmentalTobaccoSmoke 55

Heating,Ventilation,andAirConditioning(HVAC) 56

18.0HVACEquipment 56

19.0OutdoorAirVentilation 58

20.0ExhaustVentilation 60



Safety 61

21.0BuildingSafetyforChildrenandOtherOccupants 61

22.0ProtectingIAQDuringConstruction 63

23.0JobsiteSafety 65

AbbreviationsandAcronyms 66

References

67

Section3:Appendices

AppendixA:ProjectPlanningandDevelopingaProjectTeam 75

AppendixB:CommunicationandEducation 81

AppendixC:WorkerProtection 98

AbbreviationsandAcronymsUsedinAppendices 102

ReferencesCitedinAppendices 103

Section4:MasterVerificationChecklist 109

TableofContents

EnergySavingsPlusHealth | INDOORAIRQUALITYGUIDELINESFORSCHOOLBUILDINGUPGRADESii



Section 1

IntroductionandHowToUsetheEnergySavingsPlusHealthGuide




EnergySavingsPlusHealth | INDOORAIRQUALITYGUIDELINESFORSCHOOLBUILDINGUPGRADES2



Section1:IntroductionandHowToUsetheEnergySavingsPlusHealthGuide

Purpose

TheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA)developedtheEnergySavingsPlusHealthGuidetoprotectandimproveindoorairquality(IAQ)inschoolsduringbuildingupgrades,particularlyener

gyefficiencyupgradesandbuildingrenovationactivities.EnergymanagementandprotectionofIAQbothshouldbecriticalprioritiesforschoolfacilitymanagement.Asschooldistrictspursueenergycostsavingsandoccupanthealth-protectiongoals,therecanbeamistakenimpressionthatthetwogoalsareatoddswitheachother.Infact,whenenergyefficiencyandIAQprotectiongoalsareintegratedandaddressedholistically,schoolscanachievestrongresultsinbothareas.Alternatively,ifcarefulattentionisnotpaidtotheinteractionbetweenenergymanagementandIAQ,occupanthealthcansuffer.

BackgroundAschool’sindoorenvironmentcanhaveasignificantimpactonhealthandlearning.Children,inparticular,aremorevulnerabletothenegativehealthandperformanceeffectsofpoorenvironmentalconditions,includingIAQ.Childrenoftenaremoreheavilyexposedtotoxicsubstancesintheenvironmentthanadultsbecausetheyspendmoretimeonthegroundandengageinmorehand-to-mouthbehavior.Childrenalsobreathemoreair,drinkmorewater,andeatmorefoodperpoundofbodyweightthanadults(AmericanAcademyofPediatricsCouncilonEnvironmentalHealth,2003).Achild’srespiratory,immune,nervous,reproductive,andskeletalsystemscontinue

todevelopthroughoutchildhood.Exposurestoenvironmentalcontaminantsthatoccurearlyinlifecancauseadversehealthimpactsinchildrenthatcanhaveimplicationswellintoadulthood(EPA OfficeofResearchandDevelopment,2007).Furthermore,somechildrenwithdisabilitiesfaceuniquechallengesthatmightmakethemparticularlyvulnerabletotheeffectsofanunhealthyschoolenvironment(EPAStateSchoolEnvironmentalHealthGuidelines,2012).ExamplesofsymptomscausedbypoorIAQincluderespiratoryirritation,sorethroat,asthmaattacks,drowsiness,headachesandinabilitytoconcentrate.

StudiesdemonstrateassociationsbetweenIAQand

thehealthandperformanceofstudentsandstaffmembersinU.S.schools.TheresearchlinkingpoorIAQtochildren’shealthproblemsandreducedacademicperformanceshowsthecriticalrolethataschool’sindoorenvironmentplaysinstudentachievement.For example, goodphysicalconditionsintheschoolandadequateoutdoorairventilationcanreduceabsenteeismandimprovetestscores.For moreinformation,examplesandsupportingreferences,

seethesectionofthisGuideentitledTheBusinessCaseforIntegratingEnergyEfficiencyandIAQ .

Itisimportanttoincorporatebestpracticesforhealthyandsustainableschoolsintoenergyefficiencyupgradesandbuildingrenovationactivitiesatschools.

Schoolscanbenefit,frombothfiscalandfacilitymanagementstandpoints,bytakingadvantageofthecomplementarynatureofmanyIAQandenergy-efficientbuildingpractices.Integrating energyefficiencyandIAQimprovements—whethertheyinvolvethebuildingstructure,equipmentorongoingmaintenanceandoperations—helpstostreamlinefacilitymanagementandsavesstaffmembers’time.Typically,manyofthesamepersonnelareinvolvedinplanningandimplementingenergyefficiencyandIAQprogramsatschools.Schoolenergymanagers,facilitymanagersandIAQcoordinatorsshouldworktogetherthroughouttheentirebuildingupgradeprocess,fromthedesignphasesthroughconstructionandoccupancy.

EnergymanagementandprotectionofIAQbothshouldbecriticalprioritiesforschoolfacilitymanagement.Asschooldistrictspursueenergycostsavingsandoccupanthealth-protectiongoals,therecanbeamistakenimpressionthatthetwogoalsareatoddswithoneanother.Infact,whenenergyefficiencyandIAQprotectiongoalsareintegratedandaddressedholistically,schoolscanachievestrongresultsinbothareas.Alternatively,ifcarefulattentionisnotpaidtotheinteractionbetweenenergymanagementandIAQ,occupanthealthcansuffer.Energymanagementactivitiescandisturbhazardousmaterials,suchasasbestos,leadandpolychlorinatedbiphenyls(PCBs);create

dust;introducenewcontaminantsandcontaminantpathways;createoraggravatemoistureproblems;andresultininadequateventilationinoccupiedspaces.

ThisGuidefocusesprimarilyonopportunitiestoprotectandimproveIAQduringbuildingupgradesbypreventingandcontrollingexposureofoccupantstocontaminantsthatmaybedisturbedorintroducedduringupgradeprojects,controllingmoisture,andensuringthatoccupantsareprovidedwithadequateventilationtopromotehealthandcomfort.ThisGuidedoesnot(1)setnewEPAregulatoryrequirementsorinanywaymodifyorsupersedeexistingEPAregulatoryrequirements,(2) provideguidanceondiagnosingoccupant

healthproblemsorbuilding-relatedillness,(3)addressemergingissuesthathavenotbeenlinkedtoadversehealtheffects,(4)maketrainingortrainingdocumentsunnecessary,(5)providedetailedimplementationguidanceonhowtoachievetheintentofeachrecommendationinallsituations,(6)identifyfundingavailabilityorwhichprogrammaticfundingsourcesshouldbeused,or(7)provideguidanceforprioritizingbuilding-specificprojectsduringtheupgradeprocess.Portionsofthis

EnergySavingsPlusHealth| INDOORAIRQUALITYGUIDELINESFORSCHOOLBUILDINGUPGRADES 3



• Providingadequateoutdoorairventilation.Important Basic Considerations forProtecting IAQ During Building Upgrades • Providingfiltrationandaircleaningtosupplement

pollutantsourcecontrolandventilation.

SeveralenergyretrofitandbuildingupgradeactivitiescancauseoraggravateIAQproblemsasdescribedindetailthroughoutthispublication;however,theseimportantbasicconsiderationsmustalwaysbekeptinmind:

• Occupants’ and workers’ exposure to airbornecontaminants generated during and after energyretrofits and building upgrades activities should beminimized.

Energy retrofitsandotherbuildingupgradescandisturbexistingcontaminantsknowntocausehealthproblems.Someofthesecontaminantshavespecificregulatoryrequirements(e.g.,asbestos,lead)thatmustbefollowed.

• Reducing air leakage across the building envelopeshould not be performed without ensuring that therewill be adequate venting of combustion appliancesand outdoor air ventilation to dilute and removepollutants from within the building after the projectis completed.

Modificationsthatincreasetheairtightnessofabuilding’senvelopeincreasethepotentialforelevatedlevelsofcontaminantsindoors.Caremustalwaysbetakentoensurethattheseactivitiesdonotcauseimproperventingofcombustionappliancesandincreaseoccupantexposuretocombustionby-products,includingcarbonmonoxide;introduceincreasedindoorexposurestootherpollutants,includingradon;orintroduceorexacerbatemoistureandmoldproblemswithintheschool.

Guidesummarizecertainregulatoryrequirements,buttherequirementsthemselves,notthesummariesinthisGuide,govern.

FundamentalPrinciplesofIAQ

TheguidelinesinthisdocumentareintendedtoencourageIAQprofessionalstointegratehealthprotectionsintoenergyefficiencyandbuildingrenovationprojectsbyundertakingthefollowingactivities:

• IntegratingstrongIAQprotectionsintothedesign,renovationandconstructionprocesses.

• CommissioningkeyenergyandIAQsystemsto

ensurethattheyoperateasdesigned.• Controllingmoistureinbuildingassemblies,

mechanicalsystemsandoccupiedspaces.

• Limitingentryofcontaminantsfromoutdoors.

• Limitingcontaminantsfromindoorsources.

• Capturingandexhaustingcontaminantsfrombuildingequipmentandactivities.

• Protectingbuildingelements,occupantsandworkersduringconstructionprojects.

• Ensuringthatthereisastrongcommunicationsplaninplacetosharetheproject’sIAQgoalswithoccupantsandotherstakeholders,withaclear

processforaddressingfeedbackandconcerns.Thisincludes,forexample,ensuringthatbuildingoccupantsareawareoftheavailabilityoftheAsbestosHazardEmergencyResponseAct(AHERA)ManagementPlan,LeadSafetyPlanandMaterialSafetyDataSheets.

• EducatingbuildingoccupantsabouttheactionstheycantaketoprotectIAQintheirschool.

ThefollowingreferencesprovideexpandedinformationontheseprinciplesandmaybevaluableresourcesforusersofthisGuide:

• EPA: IAQToolsforSchools ActionKit,

http://www.epa.gov/iaq/schools/actionkit.html.• EPA: IAQDesignToolsforSchools ,

http://www.epa.gov/iaq/schooldesign/index.html.

• EPA: E NERGY S TAR ® BuildingUpgradeManual (2008),http://www.energystar.gov/ia/business/ EPA_BUM_Full.pdf?77f4-4b9b.

• EPA: MoistureControlGuidanceforBuilding Design,ConstructionandMaintenance (2013),http://www.epa.gov/iaq/pdfs/moisture-control.pdf.

• American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air Con-ditioning Engineers, Inc. (ASHRAE): IndoorAirQuality Guide:BestPracticesforDesign,Constructionand

Commissioning (2009),http://iaq.ashrae.org / .StatesandschooldistrictsinterestedinadvancingthisEnergySavingsPlusHealthGuidefortheirK–12schoolsystemscanconvenecross-disciplinaryworkgroupsofeducation,health,environmentalandenergyrepresentativestodevelopstate-specificguidance,includingavailableincentivesorreimbursements.ArecentreportpublishedbytheLawrenceBerkeleyNationalLaboratory,FinancingEnergyUpgradesforK–12SchoolDistricts:AGuidetoTappingintoFundingforEnergyEfficiencyandRenewableEnergyImprovement s(BorgesonandZimring,2013),canalsobeusedasaresource.

How the Energy Savings Plus Health Guide IsOrganized

TheEnergySavingsPlusHealthGuidecovers23specificpriorityissuesandaddressescommoncontaminantsassociatedwithbuildingupgradesandcriticalbuildingsystemsthataffectIAQ.Eachtopicisorganizedinthreesections:


http://www.epa.gov/iaq/schools/actionkit.html

http://www.epa.gov/iaq/schooldesign/index.html

http://www.energystar.gov/ia/business/EPA_BUM_Full.pdf?77f4-4b9b


http://www.epa.gov/iaq/pdfs/moisture-control.pdf

http://iaq.ashrae.org/


http://emp.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/lbnl-6133e.pdf

















Assessment Protocols:MeasurestoidentifypotentialIAQconcernsinschoolsundergoingbuildingupgrades.

Minimum Actions: Criticalactionsintendedtocorrectdeficienciesidentifiedduringtheassessments,includeminimumIAQprotections,andensurethatworkdoesnotcauseorworsenIAQorsafetyproblemsforoccupantsorworkers(i.e.,“DoNoHarm”).SomeoftheMinimumActionsidentifiedoverlapwithregulatoryrequirementsbutnotallregulatoryrequirementsarelisted;othersarerecommendationsforadditionalsteps

toprotectandimproveIAQduringbuildingupgrades.Applicableregulatoryrequirementsmustbefollowedandtheregulations,notthesummariesinthisGuide,establishtheapplicablerequirements.Recommendedstepsarenotmandatory.

Expanded Actions: Additionalactionstopromotehealthyindoorenvironmentsthatcanbetakenduringbuildingupgrades.EPArecommendsconsideringtheseimprovementswhenfeasibleandsufficientresourcesexist.

TheAssessmentProtocols,MinimumActionsandExpandedActionsaredesignedtoincorporategoodIAQpracticesintoavarietyofenergyefficiencyandother

buildingupgradeprojects.Tobeeffective,therecommendedprotocolsandactionsshouldbebuiltintotheearlieststagesofprojectconceptualizationanddesign.Workingasateam,energymanagers,facilitymanagers,IAQcoordinatorsandriskmanagerscanusetheguidelinestobetterunderstandtheinterrelationshipsbetween

energyefficiencyandIAQgoalsandidentifyopportunitiesavailableduringtypicalenergymanagementtaskstoprotectandpromotehealthyindoorenvironments.

Relevantstandardsandguidancedocumentsforeachpriorityissueareprovidedinanabbreviatedformat.More detailedinformationcanbefoundintheReferencessection.

ThefollowingiconsareusedintheEnergySavingsPlusHealthGuide:

IndicatesanissuethatreferencesAppendix B: Communication and Education

foradditionalinformationandimportantconsiderationsbefore,duringandaftertheprojectiscomplete.

Indicatesanopportunitytocommunicateimportantmessagesviaasignorplacardinthebuilding;thissymbolisusedexclusivelyin AppendixB.

Indicatesanissuethatreferences

Appendix C: Worker Protectionforrecommendedactionsandadditionalresourcestominimizehealthandsafetyrisksforworkersperformingthebuildingupgrades.

How To Use the Energy Savings Plus Health Guide

TheentireEnergySavingsPlusHealthGuidecanbeusedasacomprehensiveresource.To streamlineusability,examplesoftypicalschoolenergyefficiencyandbuildingupgradeprojectsareidentifiedinTable1.The followingapproachissuggested:

1. UseTable1toidentifythetype(s)ofenergyupgradeandotherbuildingrenovationworkbeingconsidered.

2. UseTable1toreviewIAQ/healthrisksandopportunitiesthatmaybeencountered.

3. Usethe“E nergy Saving Plus Health Checklist Generator ”tool,aMicrosoftExcelfile,todevelopacus-tomizedverificationchecklist,alongwiththespecificassessmentprotocolsandrecommendedactions,tailoredtotheproject.

Note: Whenusingthe“EnergySavingPlusHealthChecklistGenerator,”itmaybenecessarytoenablemacrosforfunctionality,dependingontheuser’sExcelsettings.

1. IdentifyYour 2. ReviewIAQ/HealthRisksand 3. Usethe“Energy Saving Plus

Project(s) Opportunities Health Checklist Generator ”to

CreateYourCustomVerification

Checklist,AssessmentProtocols

andRecommended Actions

Examples of Projects

With Energy Savings Plus

Health Objectives

Examples of IAQ/Health Risks and Opportunities Potentially Applicable Priority Issues


http://www.epa.gov/iaq/schools/energy_savings_plus_health/checklist_generator.xls









Table1:ExamplesofSchoolEnergyEfficiencyandUpgradeProjects

Examples of ProjectsWith Energy Savings Plus

Health Objectives

Examples of IAQ/Health Risks andOpportunities

Potentially ApplicablePriority Issues

LIGHTING

LightingUpgrades IAQ/HealthRisks 1.0ProjectPlanning/IntegratedDesign

• De-lamping:Removing

unnecessarylightbulbs/fixturestosaveenergy• Re-lamping:Replacing

andcleaninglightingcomponentsandfixtures

• Upgradingballasts• Othermodificationsor

upgrades(e.g.,fixturelenses,specularreflectors,occupancysensors)

• Asbestos-containingmaterial,leadpaint

orPCBsmaybedisturbedduringlightingreplacement.PCBsmaybepresentinolderflorescentlightballaststhatarenotlabeled“NoPCBs”or“electronic.”

• Mercuryvaporormercury-containingpowderfrombrokenfluorescentbulbsorimproperuseofdrum-topcrushersmaybepresent.

• Lightingupgradeslikelywillreducesensibleheatloads,whichmayaffectmoistureremovalperformanceoftheHVACsystem.

2.0Commissioning4.0Asbestos

5.0Lead6.0PCBs13.0BuildingProducts/Materials

Emissions18.0HVACEquipment21.0BuildingSafetyforChildrenand

OtherOccupants22.0ProtectingIAQDuring

Construction23.0JobsiteSafety

Opportunities

• Removeandreplaceoldfixturescontaininghazardousmaterialswiththosethatcontainlesshazardousmaterials.

• ProperlydisposeoflampscontainingmercuryandfixturescontainingPCBs.

BUILDINGENVELOPE

RoofandCeilingAssemblies IAQ/HealthRisks 1.0ProjectPlanning/IntegratedDesign

• Repairingorreplacingtheroof

• Upgradingroofandceilinginsulation

• Upgradingmoistureprotection

• Upgradingairsealing

• Asbestos-containingmaterial,leadpaint,PCBsormoldmaybedisturbed.

• Installingspray-polyurethanefoammaygenerateindoorcontaminants.

• Moisturemaybetrappedbehindsprayfoaminsulationwheninstalledunderalowpitchwoodenroofdeck,creatingthepotentialforhidden,structuralroofdamageandmold.

• Moisturemaybetrappedininsulationinstalledbelowdrainageplanes,vaporbarriersorroofmembranes(incoldclimates).

• Sealingthebuildingenvelopemayincreaselevelsofindoorcontaminants,includingradon,combustionby-products,moistureandmold,andvolatileorganiccompounds(VOCs).Adequateventilationmustbeprovidedtodiluteandremoveindoorpollutants.Radonmitigationsystemsmaybecomenecessary.

2.0Commissioning3.0MoistureControlandMold4.0Asbestos5.0Lead6.0PCBs7.0Radon8.0BelowgroundVapor-Forming

Contaminants9.0VehicleExhaust11.0Pests13.0BuildingProducts/Materials

Emissions14.0VentedCombustionAppliances15.0UnventedCombustion

Appliances18.0HVACEquipment19.0OutdoorAirVentilation20.0ExhaustVentilation21.0BuildingSafetyforChildrenand

Opportunities

• Controlformoisturebyselectingmoisture-resistantinsulation,properlyinstallinginsulationmaterials,andensuringsurfacesandassemblieswithcondensationpotentialareproperlysealedandinsulatedtoavoiddew-pointconditions.

• Sealunwantedopeningsandleaksinthebuildingenvelopetoreduceinfiltrationandconditionsconducivetopestentry.






Table1:ExamplesofSchoolEnergyEfficiencyandUpgradeProjects(continued)


Health Objectives



WallAssemblies IAQ/HealthRisks 1.0ProjectPlanning/IntegratedDesign

• Repairingandsealingwallpenetrations

• Upgradingwallinsulation

• Replacingwindows• Addingwindowfilm

covering• Repairingwindows• Sealingwindows


• Installingspray-polyurethanefoammay

generateindoorcontaminants.• Sealingthebuildingenvelopemayincrease

levelsofindoorcontaminants,includingradon,combustionby-products,moistureandmold,andVOCs.Adequateventilationmustbeprovidedtodiluteandremoveindoorpollutants.Radonmitigationsystemsmaybecomenecessary.



EmissionsOpportunities

• Controlmoistureandcondensationpotentialonsurfaces;installmoisture-resistantinsulation;andensureproperexteriordrainageandwatermanagement(e.g., includeheaderandpannedwindowsillflashingduringwindowreplacement).

• Sealunwantedopeningsandleaksinthebuildingenvelopetoreduceinfiltrationandconditionsconducivetopestentry.

14.0VentedCombustionAppliances15.0UnventedCombustion

Appliances19.0OutdoorAirVentilation20.0ExhaustVentilation21.0BuildingSafetyforChildrenand



ConcreteFloorSealing IAQ/HealthRisks 1.0ProjectPlanning/IntegratedDesign

• Repairingandsealingfloorpenetrations

• Sealingcracksandjointsinfloors

• Applyingfloorsealer/paint


• Sealingthebuildingenvelopemayincreaselevelsofindoorcontaminants,includingradon,combustionby-products,moistureandmold,andVOCs.Adequateventilationmustbeprovidedtodiluteandremoveindoorpollutants.

3.0MoistureControlandMold4.0Asbestos5.0Lead6.0PCBs7.0Radon8.0BelowgroundVapor-Forming

Contaminants9.0VehicleExhaust

11.0PestsOpportunities

• Understandandappropriatelymanagemoistureemissionratesandselectsealants/adhesiveswithlow-VOCorno-VOCcontent/emissions.

• Reduceinfiltrationandconditionsconducivetopestentry.

• Sealcracksandjointsinfloors,whichmaybeanintegralpartofaradonmitigationsystem.

13.0BuildingProducts/MaterialsEmissions

14.0VentedCombustionAppliances19.0OutdoorAirVentilation21.0BuildingSafetyforChildrenand








Health Objectives



MoistureBarrierforGround- IAQ/HealthRisks 1.0ProjectPlanning/IntegratedDesignlevelSlabs,BasementandCrawlspaceFloors

• Addingnewmoisture

barriers• Modifyingorrepairing

existingmoisturebarriers


• Uncovereddirtfloormaycontributeto

excessivemoisturemigrationintothebuilding.• Installingcarpetorfloortileoverconcrete

floorthathasapersistentcondensationorwaterpoolingproblemwilllikelyleadtomoldgrowth.

• Anexistingmoisturebarriermayalsobeanintegralpartofaradonmitigationsystemorotherbelowgroundcontaminantmitigationmeasuresandshouldnotbedisturbed.

• Uncovereddirtfloorsmayintroducepestpopulationsandwillpromoterodenthabitats.

3.0MoistureControlandMold4.0Asbestos5.0Lead

6.0PCBs7.0Radon8.0BelowgroundVapor-Forming


Emissions14.0VentedCombustionAppliances19.0OutdoorAirVentilation21.0BuildingSafetyforChildrenand

OtherOccupantsOpportunities

• Providesealedmoisturebarrieroverdirt

foundationfloors.• Providemoisturebarrierbeneathconcreteslabs.

• Selectsealants/adhesiveswithlow-VOCorno-VOCcontent/emissions.

• Selectexposedpolyfilmswithproperflameandsmokeratings.

• Incorporateotherradonmitigationandbelowgroundcontaminantmitigationmeasuresasneeded.

22.0ProtectingIAQDuringConstruction

23.0JobsiteSafety






Health Objectives



HEATING,VENTILATIONANDAIRCONDITIONING(HVAC)SYSTEMS

Ducts,FanCoilsandUnit IAQ/HealthRisks 1.0ProjectPlanning/IntegratedDesignVentilators

• Addingorreplacingducts• Sealingandinsulatingairducts

• Alteringorcleaningfancoilandunitventilators

• Asbestos-containingmaterial,leadpaint,mold

orotherdebrismaybedisturbedduringductinstallation,sealingorreplacement.

• ImpropercondensatedrainagecanpresentanopportunityforLegionella ,bacterialormoldgrowthinunitswithcoolingcoils.

• Humidclimatesmayrequireadditionaldehumidificationwhentheoutdoorairsupplyisincreased.

• Ductworkthatisnotproperlysealedandinsulatedcanleadtocondensationproblemsifitpassesthroughunconditionedspaces.

• ImpropermodificationstoHVACsystemscancauseunbalancedflowsandpressuresthatcanleadtoincreasedintrusionofmoisture,radon

andotherbelowgroundcontaminants.• Excessivemoisturepromotespestinfestation.• HVACcomponentsmaybecontaminatedwith

PCBsifPCBshavemigratedviaindoorairfromcaulkand/orlightingballaststhatcontainPCBs.

• Noisyventilationsystems,particularlyunitventilators,maybeturnedoffbystaffiftheyinterferewithlearning,whichwillnegativelyaffectventilation.


Contaminants9.0VehicleExhaust10.0LocalandRegionalAmbientAir

Quality11.0Pests13.0BuildingProducts/Materials


Appliances16.0OzoneFromIndoorSources18.0HVACEquipment19.0OutdoorAirVentilation20.0ExhaustVentilation21.0BuildingSafetyforChildrenand



Opportunities

• Containanddonotdisturbareasofsignificantmoldcontaminationuntiltheseareascanberemediated.

• Reduceentryofairbornecontaminantsintothebuilding;maintaininteriorhumiditylevels.

• Selectlow-VOCandformaldehyde-freeproducts.

• Providesealedandenergy-efficientducts.• Provideproperventilation;properlybalanced

HVACsystemscanmaintainpositivepressurizationindoorstoreduceintrusionofmoistairintothebuildingenvelopeandinteriorzonesandbelowgroundcontaminantsandradonintothebuilding.






Health Objectives



OutdoorAirVentilation IAQ/HealthRisks 1.0ProjectPlanning/IntegratedDesign(upgradesormodifications)

• Outdooraireconomizersandcontrols

• Dedicatedoutdoorairsystems

• Filtrationofoutdoorventilationairandmakeupair

• Localexhaustforindoorareaswithstrongsourcesofpollutants

• Demand-controlledventilationforintermittentlyoccupiedareas

• Additionaldehumidification,as

neededforhumidclimates

• Asbestos-containingmaterialorleadpaintmaybedisturbedduringwall,rooforceilingpenetrations.

• Somelocationsmayhavestrongsourcesofoutdoorairpollutionandrequirespecialdesigns.

• Inappropriateuseofairsideeconomizerscanleadtocoolandclammyconditionsandcondensationoncoldsurfaces.

• Humidclimatesmayrequireadditionaldehumidificationwhentheoutdoorairsupplyisincreased.

• Excessivemoisturepromotespestinfestation.• Smokingnearoutdoorairventilationintakes

canincreaseindoorexposuretoenvironmentaltobaccosmoke.

• InmanypartsoftheUnitedStates,gross

overventilationofspacesmayleadtoextremelydryindoorconditionsduringtheheatingseasonandmoistureissuesduringthecoolingseason,inadditiontowastingenergy.

• Noisyventilationsystems,particularlyunitventilators,maybeturnedoffbystaffiftheyinterferewithlearning,whichwillnegativelyaffectventilation.

• Outdoorairventilationmaybeanintegralpart

2.0Commissioning3.0MoistureControlandMold4.0Asbestos

5.0Lead7.0Radon8.0BelowgroundVapor-Forming

Contaminants9.0VehicleExhaust10.LocalandRegionalAmbientAir



Appliances16.0OzoneFromIndoorSources

17.0EnvironmentalTobaccoSmoke18.0HVACEquipment19.0OutdoorAirVentilation20.0ExhaustVentilation21.0BuildingSafetyforChildrenand



ofaradonmitigationstrategy.

Opportunities

• Ensurethatoutdooraircontrolsareworkingproperly,whilecontrollingformoisture.

• Usesuitableeconomizercontrols.• Ensuretheproperlocationofoutdoorairintakes.

• Provideoutdoorairtreatment(e.g.,filtrationandaircleaning)inareaswhereNationalAmbientAirQualityStandardsforparticulatematterorozoneareexceeded.

• Ensurethatalloccupiedspacesareprovidedwithenoughoutdoorairandenoughtotalaircirculation.

• Ensurethatfilterstatuspressuresensorsandswitchesarecalibratedregularly.

• Planforongoingcommissioningofsystemsthatprovideexhaustandsupplyventilationtotheschool.

10 EnergySavingsPlusHealth | INDOORAIRQUALITYGUIDELINESFORSCHOOLBUILDINGUPGRADES





Health Objectives



HeatingandCoolingSystems IAQ/HealthRisks 1.0ProjectPlanning/IntegratedDesign

• Boilerreplacement.• Steamtrapreplacementor

maintenance

• Pipemodifications:Convertingfromone-pipetotwo-pipesteamsystemsORConverting fromtwo-pipetofour-pipeheatingandcoolingsystems

• Systemmodifications:Convertingfromsteamtohot-watersystems

• Controlvalves:Maintenanceandadditions

• Combustionequipmentreplacement

• Airconditioningsystem

replacement

• Asbestos-containingmaterial,leadpaintormoldmaybedisturbedduringsystemorcomponentreplacement.

• Improperlyventedcombustiongasesandoccupantexposuretocarbonmonoxidearepotentialrisks.

• MoistureormoldmaybepresentwhentheHVACsystemisturnedoffforextendedperiodsoftime.

• Poorhumiditycontrolduringcoolingsystemoperationcanresultinmoldgrowthandpresentopportunitiesforpestinfestations.

• Inappropriateuseofchilledwaterresetorairsideeconomizerscanleadtocoolandclammyconditionsandcondensationoncoldsurfaces.

• Indooraircanbecometoodryforoccupant

comfortandhealthduringtheheatingseason,particularlyinnorthernandhigh-altitudelocations.

• Inadequatehumidifiermaintenancecanleadtomicrobiologicalproblems.

• HVACcomponentsmaybecontaminatedwithPCBsifPCBshavemigratedviaindoorairfromcaulkand/orlightingballaststhatcontainPCBs.


5.0Lead6.0PCBs7.0Radon8.0BelowgroundVapor-Forming




Appliances

16.0OzoneFromIndoorSources18.0HVACEquipment19.0OutdoorAirVentilation20.0ExhaustVentilation21.0BuildingSafetyforChildrenand



Opportunities

• Properlyventcombustiongasesandensurethatmechanicalroomswithcombustionequipmenthaveadequatemake-upairand

ventilation.• Installandmaintaincarbonmonoxidedetectionandwarningequipment.

• Ensurethatsteamtraps,combustionequipmentandboilersareinstalledcorrectlyandthatmake-upairregistersarenotblocked.

• Ensurethatairconditioningsystemsareproperlysizedandcontrolledtoavoidhumidityandmoistureissues,particularlyunderpart-loadconditions,andproperlysizedforbothcoolinganddehumidification.

• Ensurethatwell-maintainedhumidificationequipmentandcontrolsareinplacetopromoteoccupantcomfortandhealthduringtheheatingseason,asneeded.






Health Objectives



HVACControlstoMonitor/ IAQ/HealthRisks 1.0ProjectPlanning/IntegratedDesignMaintainIAQ(upgradesormodifications)

• Temperatureandhumidity

controls:Installation,replacementand/orcalibration

• Directdigitalcontrolsystemswithsensor-basedcontrolpointsforhumidity,temperature,carbondioxide orpressure

• Buildingautomationsystemthatcontrolsoutdoorairandexhaustflowrates

• Airfiltrationpressuresensors

• Occupancysensors

• Asbestos-containingmaterialorleadpaintmaybedisturbedduringwallorceilingpenetrations.

• Mercuryfromremovalofoldmercurybulbthermostatsmaypresentarisk.

• SensorsthatarenotregularlycalibratedmayleadtoIAQproblems.

• Poorhumiditycontrolduringcoolingsystemoperationcanresultinmoldgrowthandpresentopportunitiesforpestinfestations.

• Inappropriateuseofchilledwaterresetorairsideeconomizerscanleadtocoolandclammyconditionsandcondensationoncoldsurfaces.

• Indooraircanbecometoodryforoccupantcomfortandhealthduringtheheatingseason,particularlyinnorthernandhigh-altitude

locations.• Inadequateoperationandmaintenanceof

humidifiercontrolscanleadtomicrobiologicalproblems.

• ImproperHVACcontrolscancauseunbalancedflowsandpressuresthatcanleadtoincreasedintrusionofmoisture,radonandotherbelowgroundcontaminants.






Appliances16.0OzoneFromIndoorSources

18.0HVACEquipment19.0OutdoorAirVentilation20.0ExhaustVentilation21.0BuildingSafetyforChildrenand



• Improperlyventedcombustiongases;occupantexposuretocarbonmonoxide.

Opportunities

• Controlmoisturetoavoidmoldgrowthandpestinfestations,andoptimizeoccupant

comfort.• Ensurethatwell-maintainedhumidificationequipmentandcontrolsareinplacetopromoteoccupantcomfortandhealthduringtheheatingseason,asneeded.

• Monitorandmaintainoutdoorairflowrates.• Installandmaintaincarbonmonoxide

detectionandwarningequipment.• Properlydisposeofmercury-containing

thermostats.






Health Objectives



HydronicSystems(upgrades IAQ/HealthRisks 1.0ProjectPlanning/IntegratedDesignormodifications)

• Chilledwatersystemoptimization

• Pipeinsulationupgrades(chilledwater,hotwater,steampiping)

• Hydronicorsteampipingsystemchanges

• Coolingtowersupgrades

• Asbestos-containingmaterial,leadpaintormoldmaybedisturbedduringsystemorcomponentreplacement.

• Moistureaccumulationoncoldsurfacescanleadtomoldgrowthandpestinfestations.

• Legionella bacteriacangrowinstagnantwater,includinghotwatertanks.

• PoormaintenanceofcoolingtowerwillallowLegionella bacteriatogrow,causingpotentialrisktomaintenancepersonnelandoccupants.



Contaminants9.0VehicleExhaust13.0BuildingProducts/Materials

Emissions14.0VentedCombustionAppliances

Opportunities

• Controlmoisturetopreventmoldgrowthandpestinfestationsandoptimizeoccupantcomfort.

• Managebuildingwatersystemsandcoolingtowerstominimizebacteriagrowthand

preventlegionellosis.

15.0UnventedCombustionAppliances

16.0OzoneFromIndoorSources18.0HVACEquipment19.0OutdoorAirVentilation20.0ExhaustVentilation

21.0BuildingSafetyforChildrenandOtherOccupants22.0ProtectingIAQDuring


MATERIALSSELECTIONANDREPLACEMENT

AdhesivesandSealants IAQ/HealthRisks 1.0ProjectPlanning/IntegratedDesign

• Applicationofmaterialsusedduringenergyupgradesforairsealing

• Applicationofmaterialsusedforadheringandfasteningcomponents

• Asbestos-containingmaterial,leadpaintorPCBsmaybedisturbedwhenremovingpreviouslyinstalledadhesivesorsealants.

• Weatherizationandairsealingcanreduceairexchangeratesandresultinelevatedlevelsofcontaminantsindoorsifthereisinadequate

ventilation.

4.0Asbestos5.0Lead6.0PCBs13.0BuildingProducts/Materials

Emissions21.0BuildingSafetyforChildrenand

OtherOccupants22.0ProtectingIAQDuringOpportunities

• Alwaysselectsealantsandadhesivesforindoorusewithlow-VOCorno-VOCcontent/emissions.

• Selectoutdoorsealantsforlonglifetokeepoutwaterand,whenpossible,withlow-VOCorno-VOCcontent/emissions.

• Ensureadequateoutdoorairventilationafterweatherizationandairsealing.







Health Objectives



CarpetandFlooring IAQ/HealthRisks 1.0ProjectPlanning/IntegratedDesign

• Replacingexistingcarpet• Installingnewcarpetover

uncarpetedareas

• Replacingorrepairingexistingfloortiles

• Installingnewflooringoverexistingfloorsurfaces

• Asbestos-containingmaterial(manyfloortilesinolderbuildings,includingschools,weremadeofasbestos),leadpaint,moldorlarge

quantitiesofdustmaybedisturbed.• Carpetandflooringmaybecontaminatedwith


Opportunities

• Isolatetheworkareatoreducedustmigrationcausedbycarpetandflooringremoval.

• Selectlow-VOCmaterials,includingcarpets,resilientflooring,adhesivesandsealants.


6.0PCBs12.0Tracked-InPollutants13.0BuildingProducts/Materials




Painting IAQ/HealthRisks 1.0ProjectPlanning/IntegratedDesign

• Removingolddeteriorated

paint(scrapingandsanding)

• Repaintingexistingsurfaces

• Paintingnewsurfaces

• Asbestos-containingmaterial,leadpaintor

PCBsmaybedisturbed.• Indoorsurfacesmaybecontaminatedwith


Opportunities

• Selectpaintwithlow-VOCorno-VOCcontent/emissionsanddonotconductdrysandingwithoutrigorouscontainment.

4.0Asbestos5.0Lead6.0PCBs13.0BuildingProducts/Materials




SuspendedCeilings IAQ/HealthRisks 1.0ProjectPlanning/IntegratedDesign

• Repairingorreplacingexistingceilingtiles

• Installingnewceilings

• Asbestos-containingmaterial(includingvermiculiteinsulation),fiberglass,mineralwoolorotherinsulationmaterialsmaybedisturbed.

• Ceilingtilesmaybecontaminatedwithleadpaintorleadpaintparticles.

• Removalofceilingtilesmayexposepestinfestations.

• Ceilingtilesmayhavewaterdamageand/ormoldgrowth.

• CeilingmaterialsmaybecontaminatedwithPCBsifPCBshavemigratedfromolder,leakinglightingballaststhatcontainPCBs.

Opportunities

• Selectlow-emissionmaterials,suchasformaldehyde-freeceilingtiles.


6.0PCBs9.0VehicleExhaust11.0Pests13.0BuildingProducts/Materials









Health Objectives



OPERATIONANDMAINTENANCE

SystemsOperationand IAQ/HealthRisks 1.0ProjectPlanning/IntegratedDesignMaintenance

• Checkcontrolsystemsanddevicesforevidenceofimproperoperationonaregularschedule(e.g.,semiannually)andtakecorrectiveactions

• Calibrateandperiodicallyrecalibratesensors(e.g.,temperature,humidity,carbondioxide)

• Performcoolingunitdrainpanmaintenance

• Replacefilters• Cleansupplydiffusers,

returnregistersandoutsideairintakes• Keepunitventilators

andotherductopeningsclearofobstructions

• Asbestos-containingmaterial,leadpaint,PCBs

ormoldmaybedisturbed.• Deferredmaintenancecanleadtosystem

degradationandIAQproblems.• Improperlymaintainedanduncalibrated

sensorscanleadtopoorsystemperformanceandIAQproblems.

• Poorairfiltrationandmaintenancecanleadtocloggedcoilsandaneedforexpensivecleaningthatcanbeavoidedwithpropermaintenance.

• InadequatedrainpandesignormaintenancecanleadtoseveremicrobialcontaminationofHVACsystems.

• Inadequatelymaintainedcombustion

equipmentcanresultinimproperlyventedcombustiongasesandoccupantexposuretocarbonmonoxide.

Opportunities

2.0Commissioning3.0MoistureControlandMold4.0Asbestos5.0Lead7.0Radon8.0BelowgroundVapor-Forming




Appliances

16.0OzoneFromIndoorSources18.0HVACEquipment19.0OutdoorAirVentilation20.0ExhaustVentilation

(e.g., books,papers,other • Ensuretheproperoperationandventingof 21.0BuildingSafetyforChildrenand

items) combustionappliances. OtherOccupants

• Performregularsystem • Installandmaintaincarbonmonoxide 22.0ProtectingIAQDuring

operationalchecks detectionandwarningequipment. Construction

• Calibrateoccupancy • Controlformoisturebymaintaininghumidity 23.0JobsiteSafety

sensors levels.

• Calibratedaylightsensors • Ensurethatparticleremovalfiltrationsystemsareoperatingproperly.

• Repair oradjustdrainpanstodraincompletely.

• Ensurethatoccupancysensorsareoperatingproperly.

• Implementascheduledinspectionandcalibration/recalibrationprogram(e.g.,semiannually)formeasurementsensors,payingspecialattentiontothesystemsthatareintendedtosupplyadequateventilationtotheschool.

• Duringcommissioning,trainHVACsystemoperatorstorecognizewhensensorsareindicatingproblemswithHVACsystemfunctionthatmayleadtoIAQproblems.

• Maintaincomfortableindoortemperaturestofacilitatelearning.






Health Objectives



BuildingOperationsand IAQ/HealthRisks 1.0ProjectPlanning/IntegratedDesignMaintenance

• Deepextractionsteamorhotwatercarpetcleaning

• Pestcontrol• Custodialoperations


• Cleaningchemicalsandpesticidesmay

aggravateallergiesandasthma.• Moldandmoistureproblemsmayoccurif

carpetsdonotdryquicklyafterspillsorcarpetcleaning.

• Smokingnearoutdoorairventilationintakescanincreaseindoorexposuretoenvironmentaltobaccosmoke.

• Vehicleidlingnearoutdoorairintakescanincreaseindoorexposuretovehicleexhaustcontaminants.


5.0Lead6.0PCBs7.0Radon8.0BelowgroundVapor-Forming

Contaminants9.0VehicleExhaust11.0Pests12.0Tracked-InPollutants13.0BuildingProducts/Materials

Emissions14.0VentedCombustionAppliances

Opportunities 15.0UnventedCombustion

• Minimizechemicalexposuretooccupantsand Appliances

staffbyusingtheleasttoxicmaterials. 16.0OzoneFromIndoorSources

• Reducecleaningproductusethroughbetter 17.0EnvironmentalTobaccoSmokeuseofcleaningequipmentandcleaning 18.0HVACEquipment

processimprovements. 21.0BuildingSafetyforChildrenand

• Minimizeexposuretopesticidesthrough OtherOccupants

integratedpestmanagementtactics. 22.0ProtectingIAQDuring

• Alwaysplanforthoroughdryingofcarpetsif Construction

steamorwetmethodsareused,especially 23.0JobsiteSafety

duringhumidweather.• Providewalk-offmatstoreducetrack-inof

pollutants.• Ensurethattheschoolhasapolicyontobacco

usethatprohibitstobaccouseonschoolpropertyandisconsistentwithlocal,stateandfederallaws.

• Ensurethattheschoolhasavehicleanti-idlingpolicy.• Periodicallyretestareasoftheschoolthat

havebeenmitigatedforradon.






Health Objectives



SchoolBuildingSummer IAQ/HealthRisks 1.0ProjectPlanning/IntegratedDesignSchedule

• Reduceenergyconsumptionduring

extendedperiodsofnon-use

• Monitorindoorconditions(temperature,relativehumidityand,ifpossible,dewpoint)andadjust

• Indoormoistureandmoldproblemscanbecausedbylackofcoolingsystemoperationanddehumidificationandbyindoormoisture-

generatingactivities,suchascarpetcleaningandpainting.

• Draintraps,includingfloordrains,maydryoutifnotusedforanextendedperiod.

Opportunities

2.0Commissioning3.0MoistureControlandMold8.0BelowgroundVapor-Forming

Contaminants11.0Pests13.0BuildingProducts/Materials

Emissions15.0UnventedCombustion

Appliances

HVACsystemstomaintain • Controlmoisturebymonitoringtemperature, 21.0BuildingSafetyforChildrenand

indoorconditionsthat relativehumidityandcondensationand OtherOccupants

preventmoistureproblems specifyingHVACoperationtomaintain 22.0ProtectingIAQDuring

andmoldgrowth indoorconditionsthatpreventmoisture/mold Construction

• Considerincorporatingan problems. 23.0JobsiteSafety

alarmtodetectandalert • Usehigh-efficiencycommercialdehumidifiers

foranexcessiveindoor whenneededifairconditioningsystemsare

relativehumidityordew cycledoffassensiblecoolingloadsdecrease.

pointcondition • Usehigh-efficiencycommercialdehumidifiersduringandafter“wet”activities,suchascarpetcleaning,wallcleaningandpainting.

• Ifairconditioningisprovidedduringtheshutdownperiod,continuefiltermaintenanceduringthesummerifwarranted.

• Considerchangingfiltersaftertheairconditioningseasonorthehumidweatherseasonhasended.

• Ensurethatdraintrapsdonotdryout,eitherthroughscheduledmaintenanceorinstallationofautomaticdraintrapprimers.

The Business Case for Integrating Energy

Efficiency and IAQ

Inthecomingdecades,schooldistrictsarelikelytomakesubstantialinvestmentsinrenovatingexistingschoolbuildingsandperformingequipmentupgrades(alsocalledretrofits).BecauseU.S.schoolsspendmorethan$7.5 billionannuallyonenergytomaintainfunctioningclassroomsandbuildings(EPAENERGYSTAR®,2008),manyofthefutureimprovementswillaimtoreduceenergyuse,whileprovidingadequateventilationandsavingmoney.When-evernewschooldesignandconstruction,majorrenovationsand/or

targetedbuildingretrofitsoccur,orwheneverregularoperationsandmaintenancepracticesareimproved,schoolofficialshaveawell-timedopportunitytosimultaneouslyprotectIAQ,integratehealthypracticesandsavemoney.Throughup-frontplanning,coordinationandopencommunicationamongallstakeholders,schoolscanmakethisintegrationworksuccessfully.

Studieshavedemonstratedthatincreasedclassroom

ventilationratesareassociatedwithimprovementsinstudenthealthandperformance.AEuropeanstudyshowedthatadoublingoftheventilationratefrom

about7.5cubicfeetperminuteperperson(cfm/person)to15 cfm/personimprovedspeedof

academicperformancebyabout8percent(Wargocki&Wyon,2006).AU.S.studyinfifth-gradeclassroomsfrom100schoolsusedstudentperformanceinstandard

academictestsasthemeasureofperformanceandestimatedthattherewasnearlya3-percentincreaseinthe

proportionofstudentspassingstandardizedmathandreadingtestsforeach2cfm/personincreaseinventila

tionrateacrosstherangeof2to15 cfm/person(Haverinen-Shaugnessyetal.,2011).Arecentstudyalsodemonstratedthatforeach2.1cfm/personin

creaseinventilationrate,onaverage,theillnessabsenceofstudentsdecreasedby1.6percent(Men-delletal.,2013).In someschooldistricts,income

fromgovernmentsourcesislinkedtodaysofstudent




18 EnergySavingsPlusHealth| INDOORAIRQUALITYGUIDELINESFORSCHOOLBUILDINGUPGRADES

attendance;thus,increasedventilationratesmayincreaseschooldistrictincome.Indoortemperaturealsocanaffectoccupantperformance.Forexample,onestudyshowedthattheaveragespeedofcompletingacademicwork,basedonmonitoringofperformanceofeightsimulatedschoolworktasks,decreasedbyapproximately1percentpereach1°Fastemperaturesincreasedfrom68°Fto77°F(Wargocki&Wyon,2006).A detaileddiscussionofhow

IAQparameterscanaffectstudenthealthandacademicperformance,withsupportingreferences,canalsobelocatedattheIAQ ScientificFindingsResourceBankwebsite,hostedbytheLawrenceBerkeleyNationalLaboratory.

Well-conceivedandcoordinated

ByunderstandingtherelationshipbetweentypicalenergymanagementactivitiesandIAQ,andbyfollowingtheguidancerecommendedinthisEnergySavingPlusHealthGuide,schoolscanpotentiallyrealizesubstantialimprovementsinIAQandcostsavings.

nationtoreceivetheIAQToolsfor

Schools NationalModelofSus

tainedExcellenceAwardfromEPA.

Similarly,inColoradoSprings

SchoolDistrict11,theintegra

tionofenergyefficiencyandIAQ

schoolenergyandIAQmanagementprogramscansavemoney.A report,GreeningAmerica’sSchools:Costsand

Benefits,reviewed30greenschoolsandconcludedthatgreenschoolscostonaverage2percentmorethanconventionalschools,butthefinancialbenefitsderivedareabout20timesgreaterthantheadditionalcosts(Kats,2006).“Green”schoolsweredefinedasnewschoolsbasedoneithertheU.S.GreenBuildingCouncil’sLeadershipinEnergyandEnvironmentalDesignprogram,theMassachusettsCollaborativeforHighPerformanceSchools,ortheWashingtonStateSustainableSchoolProtocolforHighPerformanceFacilities.ByunderstandingtherelationshipbetweentypicalenergymanagementactivitiesandIAQ,andbyfollowingtheguidancerecommendedinthisEnergySavingPlusHealthGuide,schoolscanpotentiallyreal

izesubstantialimprovementsinIAQandcostsavings.CostsavingsfromenergyefficiencyandIAQintegrationcanbesignificantandeasytoachieve.Forexample,theBlueValleySchoolDistrictinOverlandPark,Kansas,identifiedaleaderforitsIAQteamandbeganwith“quickwins”thatwouldimproveIAQwithminimaleffortandcost.Buildingonthesesmallsuccesses,thedistrictmovedontolargerandbroadergoals,makingstrategicconnectionsbetweenenergyefficiencyandIAQgoalstocombineresourcesandachievegreatersuccess.Anewmechanicalsysteminoneofitsschoolsresultedinnotonlyincreasedoutdoorairventilationbutalsocostsavingsof$23,000annuallyfromthereductioninenergyuse.Blue Valleycapitalizesonenergysavingsanddirectsmoneyintotheoperat

ingbudget,whichprovidesresourcesformoreenergy

efficiencyandIAQimprovements.Thedistricttracks

outcomesofbond-financedfacilityimprovements

anddemonstratescostssavingsthatthenareapplied

toIAQmanagementactivities.Thisisaneffective

strategywhenthedistrictdoesnothavethebudget

tomaketheinitialinvestmentinimprovementsand

ultimatelyhelpsprovidemoreresourcesforaddition

alprojects.In2006,BlueValley

wasthefirstschooldistrictinthe

hadremarkablebenefits.The

district’senergymanagement

program—builtonthecommit

mentofthesuperintendent,boardofeducation,and

afull-timecoordinator—hasresultedinanestimat

edannualenergysavingsofmorethan$928,000andsignificantIAQimprovements.IAQgoalshave

beenaccomplishedthroughenergy-efficientdesign,

propermaintenanceandcommissioningofHVAC

equipment,andtheuseofperformance-basedcon

tractingforimprovementsinexistingschools.Colo

radoSpringsSchoolDistrict11previouslywonthe

ENERGYSTAR®PartneroftheYearAwardin2005.

Therearemeasurablecostsfornotpromotinghealthy

schoolenvironments.Thecostsimposedbyenviron

mentallyattributablediseases—suchasasthma—on

children,familiesandschoolsareimmense(Landrigan

etal.,2002).AccordingtotheCentersforDisease

ControlandPrevention(CDC),theannualeconomic

costofasthma,includingdirectmedicalcostsfrom

hospitalstaysandindirectcosts(e.g.,lostschooland

workdays),amountstomorethan$56billionannually

(CDC,2011).Forstates,alargepercentageofthese

costscanbeattributedtohealthcareexpenditures,

lostschooldaysandlostproductivity(e.g.,parents

havingtostayhometocareforasickchild).Given

theamountoftimethatchildrenspendinschool

eachday,high-qualityschoolenvironmentsarecriti

callyimportantforensuringthatchildrenarehealthy

andabletoperformintheclassroom(EPAState

SchoolEnvironmentalHealthGuidelines,2012).

http://iaqscience.lbl.gov/sfrb.html







AnIntegratedApproachtoEnergyEfficiencyandIAQ:

CaseStudiesofDemonstratedResults

Blue Valley School District, Kansas:

• Mechanicalretrofitofa260,000square-foot(ft2)buildingresultedinenergycostsavingsof18–20percentinthefirstyear.

• Replacementofaheatpumpinonebuildingwithanewventilationsystemresultedina30-percentdropinenergyconsumptionatthesametimeastheoutdoorairventilationratesincreased.

• Adistrictwideenvironmentalmanagementsystemcontinuallymonitors,identifiesandpinpointspotentialenergyandIAQissuesearly,reducingthecostsassociatedwithmaintenancestaffdiagnosingproblems.

• Themaintenanceofmodernequipmentisassociatedwithlowercosts.

• TherehavebeenfewerIAQcomplaintsandassociatedrepairs.

• Thelong-termgoalisthemechanicalupgradesof100percentoffacilitiestocaptureenergysavingsandimproveIAQ.

Formoreinformation,seehttp://epa.gov/iaq/schools/casestudies/Blue_Valley.pdf.

Colorado Springs School District 11, Colorado:

• Thedistrict’senergyprogramrealizes$1.8millioninannualenergycostsavingsincomparisonwithcostsbeforetheprogramwasestablished.

• $55.5millioninenergycostshavebeensavedduringthepast12yearsasaresultofenergyefficiencyandIAQimprovements.

• Allnewfacilitiesbuilthavethefollowingqualities:

oLowenergyconsumption:Energyuseintensityof25kBtu/ft2peryearorless.

oLowenergyuseforlighting:0.7Watts/ft2orlessofartificiallight.

oBrightandwell-litclassrooms:Maintain35foot-candlesinclassrooms.

• Ongoingcommissioningkeepsenergywaste,andthereforecosts,downwhileensuringIAQproblemsareidentifiedandremediedquickly.

• In2012,32ofthedistrict’sbuildingswerecertifiedENERGYSTAR®buildings,withlowenergycostsandhealthierindoorenvironments.

Formoreinformation,seehttp://www.energystar.gov/ia/business/k12_schools/ENERGY_STAR_Case_Study-Achieving_Healthy_Indoor_Environments_CG0807.pdf.

http://epa.gov/iaq/schools/casestudies/Blue_Valley.pdf

http://www.energystar.gov/ia/business/k12_schools/ENERGY_STAR_Case_Study-Achieving_Healthy_Indoor_Environments_CG0807.pdf




http://epa.gov/iaq/schools/casestudies/Blue_Valley.pdf



20 Energy Savings Plus Health | INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR SCHOOL BUILDING UPGRADES



Section 2

AssessmentProtocolsandRecommendedActions




Section2:AssessmentProtocolsand

IntegratedProcess

IntroductoryNoteforPriorityIssues1.0Project

Planning/IntegratedDesignand2.0Commissioning

Awiderangeofschoolbuildingupgradeprojectsis

possible,fromsmall-scaleretrofitsofcomponents/systemstomuchlargerandmoreextensiveprojectsinvolvingmodificationstomultiplebuildingsystemsandmajorrenovationstotheschoolbuilding.Aproject’splanning,designandcommissioningprocesseswilldependonitsmagnitudeanduniquecharacteristics.ItisappropriateforusersofthisGuidetotailortheirrequirementsforPriorityIssues1.0ProjectPlanning/

RecommendedActions

IntegratedDesignand2.0Commissioning.Forexample,

simplerprojectswithlimitedgoalsandfundingmay

needalessformaldesignprocessandcommissioning

thanlarger-scalerenovationprojects.Projectteams

shouldbeawareofthepotentialbenefitsassociatedwithadequateprojectplanningandcommissioning

toensurethatbuildingsandsystemsaredesigned,

installedandoperatingasintendedandinlinewiththe

schools’expectationsandrequirements.Assessment

Protocols,MinimumActionsandExpandedActions

relatedtocontaminantsandbuildingsystemsbegin

withPriorityIssue3.0MoistureControlandMold.

PRIORITYISSUE1.0PROJECTPLANNING/INTEGRATEDDESIGN

ASSESSMENT PROTOCOLS (AP) MINIMUM ACTIONS (MA)EXPANDEDACTIONS

(EA)

AP1.1GatherFeedbackonIAQConditionsin MA1.1ConductCollaborativePlanningMeetings ThiscellistheSchoolBuilding intentionally

Collaborationduringrenovationprojectscanallowprojectblank.

Gatherfeedbackfromtheschool’sfacultyand teamstosolveproblemscreativelyandwithbetterout-staff,includingtheIAQcoordinator(ifone comesforthebuildingandoccupants.Thesecollaborativeexists),thecustodianandtheschoolnurse. meetingscanhelptoidentifysynergiesbetweenbuildingDeterminelocationsinthebuildingwithIAQ systemsthatcansignificantlyreduceenergyconsumpconcernsorcomplaintsandgainanunderstand tion,promoteIAQandprovidecostsavings.Forbestingofthecurrentbuildingstatustoinformthe results,establishcross-functionalteammeetingsfromtheprojectteam. verybeginningofprojectplanningandcontinuemeetings

regularlythroughprojectcompletion.Conductstakeholdermeetingsearly

intheprocesstofurtheridentify Forlargeprojects,thefirstteammeetingofteniscalledIAQconcernsandensurethatthe aDesignCharrette.Thisisameetingatwhichdesign

projectmeetsitsstatedgoals.Stakeholders professionalsmeetwithbuildingowners,occupantsandcouldinclude,forexample,teachers,adminis otherstakeholderstounderstandtheirgoalsandconcernstrators,nurses,maintenancestaff,community andbrainstormwaystoachievethesegoalswithintheleaders,parentsand/orstudents. overallprojectscope.Includetheschool’sIAQcoordina

tor,riskmanager,maintenancestaff,nursesandteachingUsetheinformationgatheredinthisstepto

staffinthisprocess,asstaffandotherbuildingoccupantsguidetheIAQ walkthroughinspectionofAP1.2.

oftenbetterunderstandabuilding’sIAQissues.

NotesMA1.2FormalizeProjectGoals

• Aschool’sIAQcoordinatorcouldbeany Forimprovementprojectsthatincludeseveralbuilding

ofseveralprofessionstypicallyfoundina systems,usetheresultsofthecollaborativeteammeet-

school,includingateacher,administrator,ingsand/orDesignCharrettetomoreformallydocument

nurseormaintenancepersonnel. IAQgoalsfortheprojectinanOwner’sProjectRequire• Ifdataonschoolspecifichealthmeasures mentsdocument,asoutlinedinMA 2.2.Formalizeproj

areavailable(e.g.,asthmaprevalence, ectgoalswithIAQconsiderationsasearlyaspossibleinabsenteeismrates),theymayhelpguidethe theprojectplanning/designprocesstoallowearlyconsid-IAQassessment.Somestatesrequireschools erationofalternativedesignconceptsandavoidproblemstokeepasthmaandallergyincidentreports, thatoccurwhenIAQistreatedasanafterthought.whichalsocouldbehelpful.

SeeAppendixB:CommunicationandEducation




PRIORITYISSUE1.0PROJECTPLANNING/INTEGRATEDDESIGN(continued)

ASSESSMENT PROTOCOLS (AP) MINIMUM ACTIONS (MA)

EXPANDED

ACTIONS

(EA)

AP1.2PerformanIAQWalkthroughInspection

PerformabuildingwalkthroughinspectiontofurtherunderstandIAQandhealthconcerns.Revieweachspacethatwillpotentiallybe

includedintheproject.ConducttheIAQwalkthroughinspectionduringnormalschooloperatinghoursandoccupancyconditions.

Ifawalkthroughenergyauditisperformedtodetermineenergyconservationopportunities,includetheIAQwalkthroughinspectionasaconcurrent,integratedprocess.

TalktotheenergyauditorsandaskiftheyorotherprofessionalswithknowledgeofthebuildingcanassistwiththeIAQassessments.Ensurethattheauditor/inspectordetermineswhethertheoutdoorventilationratesaresufficientandcontrolsarefunctional.

EnsurethattheIAQwalkthroughinspectionincludesaspectsofpestmanagementtoevaluatepest-specificissues(e.g.,evidenceofinfestations,pestpopulations,pesticidestorage).SeePriorityIssue11.0Pestsforadditionalinformation.

EnsurethattheIAQwalkthroughinspectionalsoincludesaspectsofmoisturecontrol(seeAP3.1).

FormoreinformationaboutIAQwalkthroughinspections,refertoEPA’sIAQToolsforSchools

ActionKit,whichillustratescommonIAQproblemsfoundinschools.TheBuildingAirQualityguidecreatedbyEPAandCDCmay

alsobeusedasaresourceforIAQwalkthroughinspections.Chapter5oftheENERGYSTAR®BuildingUpgradeManual providesinformationonexaminingabuildinganditsenergy-consumingequipment.

MA1.3FinalizetheProjectTeam

IfafullprojectteamwasnotselectedduringAP1.3,selecttheremainingteammembers.RefertoAppendixAtoassembletheappropriateprojectteam.Makesurethat

thedesignandconstructionteamsincludeIAQexpertiseandthatarepresentativefromthebuildingoperationandmaintenanceteamisincluded.

MA1.4HoldRegularTeamMeetingsandCommunicate

WithStakeholders

Holdregularmeetingsthroughoutdesignandconstructiontodiscussprogress,synergiesandchallenges.Includetheprojectdesign

andconstructionteamsregularlyinmeetings,andensurethatrepresentativesfromtheschoolarepresentateachmeeting.RefertotheASHRAEIndoorAirQualityGuideSection1.1formoreinformationonthebenefitsofintegratedmeetings.Regularlycommunicateprojectplans

andprogresswithstakeholders(includingstaff,teachersandparents),andpromptlyrespondtoconcerns.

MA1.5HoldaConstructionKickOffMeeting

Beforeconstructionbegins,holdaconstructionkick-offmeetingwiththedesignteam,generalcontractorandsitemanagers

foreachtrade.UsethismeetingtoreviewtheoveralldesigngoalsrelatedtoIAQandenergyefficiency.Specificallydiscussmethodstheconstructionteamwillusetomeeteachgoalandanyrequirementsfortheconstructionteamstodocumenttheircompliance.Continueintegratedteammeetingswiththedesignteam,constructionteamandschoolrepresentative(s)regularlythroughoutconstructiontoensurethatanyconcernsor

questionsareaddressedquickly,andcontinuetoprovideupdatestostaff,teachersandparents.Ensurethattheplanforprotectingstudentsandotheroccupantsduringtheconstructionphasesisadequatelycommunicatedthroughouttheschoolcommunityandaformalprocessisfollowedforrespondingtocomplaintsandconcerns.





PRIORITYISSUE1.0PROJECTPLANNING/INTEGRATEDDESIGN(continued)

ASSESSMENT PROTOCOLS (AP) MINIMUM ACTIONS (MA)

EXPANDED

ACTIONS

(EA)

AP1.3DefineGeneralGoalsandDevelopaCommunicationsPlan

Generallydefinetheprojectscope,consideringIAQfindings,energyefficiencygoalsandprojectbudget.Determinewhethertheprojectwillbeamajorrenovationoraddition,whichwill

requirealargerprojectteam,orifitwillbeasmallersystem(s)upgrade.Ensurethattheproject’sspecificationsandprocurementdocumentation(e.g.,RequestforProposals)includethespecificIAQandenergyefficiencyrequirements.Developacommunicationsplantosharetheproject’sgoalswithoccupantsandotherstakeholders,withaclearprocessforacknowledgingandaddressingtheirfeedbackandconcerns.

AP1.4SelectaProjectTeam

Basedontheoverallgoalsoftheproject,formaprojectteamasoutlinedinAppendix A.Whenevaluatingproposals,ensurethattheproject’sIAQandenergyefficiencyrequirementsareadequatelyaddressed,andensurearchitects,engineers,commissioningagentsandconstructionteamshaveexperiencewiththetypeofprojectsbeingconsidered.Ensurethatproposalsincludespecificrequirementsforprotectingstudentsandotheroccupantsduringtheconstructionphases,particularlyifthebuildingisoccupiedduringconstruction.MakesurethatthedesignandconstructionteamsincludeIAQexpertise.

Includearepresentativefromeachgroupofstakeholdersinthebuilding,forexample,teachers,administrators,nurses,maintenancestaff,parentsandstudents,ifpossible.

Note

Includingschoolmaintenancestaffontheprojectteamhelpstoensure

thatdesigngoalstakemaintenancechallengesintoaccountandthatthe

maintenanceteamunderstandsthedesignobjectivesofanynewsystems.

Schoolmaintenancestaffoftencanservicefacilitiesmoreeffectivelywith

simplersystemsthatareeasilyaccessible.

ReferencesforPriorityIssue1.0ProjectPlanning/IntegratedDesign:

ASHRAEIndoorAirQualityGuide,Section1.1

ASHRAEProceduresforCommercialBuildingEnergyAudits

ASHRAEStandard189.1,InformativeAppendix HCDCNationalInstituteforOccupationalSafetyandHealth(NIOSH):DampnessandMoldAssessmentTool

EPAandCDC-NIOSH:BuildingAirQuality:AGuideforBuildingOwnersandFacilityManagers

EPAENERGYSTAR® BuildingUpgradeManual

EPAIAQToolsforSchools ,IAQCoordinator’sGuide:AGuidetoImplementinganIAQProgram

EPAIAQToolsforSchools,IAQReferenceGuide,Section3–EffectiveCommunication

EPAIAQToolsforSchools ,TheIndoorAirQualityToolsforSchools Approach:ProvidingaFrameworkforSuccessEPAIAQToolsforSchools ActionKit:VentilationChecklist

EPAIAQToolsforSchools ActionKit:WalkthroughInspectionChecklist

EPAStateSchoolEnvironmentalHealthGuidelines

NationalInstituteofBuildingSciencesWholeBuildingDesignGuide:PlanningandConductingIntegratedDesign(ID)CharrettesSheetMetalandAirConditioningContractors’NationalAssociation(SMACNA)IAQGuidelinesforOccupiedBuildingsUnderConstruction,

SecondEdition



https://www.ashrae.org/resources--publications/bookstore/indoor-air-quality-guide

http://www.techstreet.com/ashrae/products/1809206

https://www.ashrae.org/resources--publications/bookstore/standard-189-1

http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/indoorenv/mold.html#8

http://www.epa.gov/iaq/largebldgs/baq_page.htm








http://www.epa.gov/iaq/schools/tfs/guidtoc.html




http://www.epa.gov/iaq/schools/tfs/guide3.html



http://www.epa.gov/iaq/schools/pdfs/framework.pdf





http://www.epa.gov/iaq/schools/pdfs/kit/checklists/ventchklst.pdf



http://www.epa.gov/iaq/schools/pdfs/kit/checklists/walkthruchklst.pdf


http://www.epa.gov/schools/guidelinestools/ehguide/

http://www.wbdg.org/resources/charrettes.php

http://smacna.org/store












http://www.epa.gov/iaq/largebldgs/baq_page.htm







PRIORITYISSUE2.0COMMISSIONING

ASSESSMENT PROTOCOLS (AP) MINIMUM ACTIONS (MA) EXPANDED ACTIONS (EA)

AP2.1ReviewCommissioningOptions

Commissioningisaquality-focusedprocessintendedtoverifyanddocumentthatbuildingsandbuildingsystemsareconstructed,installed,configuredandperforminginamanner

consistentwiththedesignintent.Thereareseveraltypesofcommissioning:

• Commissioningfornewsystems,performedaspartofanimprovementornewconstructionproject.

• Recommissioning,coveringanypreviouslycommissionedsystemsandperformedafteranimprovementprojectiscomplete.

• Retro-commissioning,coveringexistingsystemsandperformedaspartofanimprovementproject.

ExamplesofschoolbuildingsystemsthathavesignificantpotentialtoimpactIAQ,andthusshouldbeconsideredduringcommissioning,includethebuildingenvelope,HVACsystemsandassociatedcontrols,kitchenequipment,andfumehoods.

MoreinformationaboutcommissioningisinAppendixA.

MA2.1DesignateaCommissioningAgent

Asappropriatefortheproject,designateorhireaCommissioningAgentearlyinthedesignprocess.Forsmallerprojects,itmaybeappropriateto

performcommissioningactivitieswithin-housestafforconsultants.Carefullyselectaprofessionalwithexperienceinstalling,maintainingormonitoringthetypesofsystemstobeupgraded,assomeonewithextensiveHVACcommissioningexperiencemaynotbeanexpertinbuildingenvelopecommissioning.RefertotheASHRAEIndoorAirQualityGuide,Strategy1.2,orEPA’sIAQDesignToolsforSchools ,CommissioningGuidance,forfurtherguidanceonselectinganappropriateCommissioningAgentforlargerprojects.

MA2.2DeveloptheOwner’sProjectRequirementsDocument

ClearlyoutlinetheIAQandenergyefficiencygoalsoftheprojectbydevelopinganOwner’sProjectRequirementsdocument.Thisdocumentwillbeusedthroughoutthedesign,construction,inspectionandtestingphasestoensurethatoverallgoalsaremet.

UseresultsfromthefollowingtodeterminetheIAQgoalstobeachievedbytheproject:

• AP1.1GatherFeedbackonIAQConditionsintheSchoolBuilding

• AP1.2PerformanIAQWalkthroughInspection

• MA1.1ConductCollaborativePlanningMeetings

ASHRAEIndoorAirQualityGuideStrategy1.2providesfurtherguidanceontheimportanceoftheOwner’sProjectRequirementsdocument.

EA2.1DesignforOngoingMeasurementandVerification

DesignforongoingmeasurementandverificationofIAQparametersbyincludingmeasurementdevices,suchasoutdoorairflowmeasurementdevices,

carbondioxidesensorsandhumiditysensors.ThesedevicescanhelpidentifyIAQproblemscausedbyoccupancyorbuildingoperationandhelptoquicklyidentifymalfunctioningsystems.

EA2.2PlanforRecommissioning

Assystemsage,operationalguidelinesmaynotbefollowed,andsystemsandtheirsequencesofoperationmaydegrade.IfsignificantIAQcomplaintsariseorenergyconsumptionsuddenlyincreases,considerperforminganauditofthebuildingHVACsystems

andhiringaCommissioningAgenttorecommissionanysystemsthatarenolongercalibratedproperly.RefertotheENERGYSTAR® BuildingUpgradeManual ,Chapter5.

EA2.3ConductFollowUpOperatorTraining

Conductfollow-uptraining(e.g.,6monthsor1yearaftertheinitialtraining).Thiswillreinforceoperatorskillsandknowledgeandprovideanopportunityforoperatorstoaskquestionsaftertheybecomefamiliar

withtheupgradedbuildingandsystems.Considerrecordingtrainingsessionsforfuturereferencebyoperators.




PRIORITYISSUE2.0COMMISSIONING(continued)

MINIMUM ACTIONS (MA)EXPANDED

ACTIONS (EA)

ASSESSMENT

PROTOCOLS (AP)

MA2.3DevelopaBasisofDesignDocument

ABasisofDesigndocumentshouldbedevelopedbythedesignteamtooutlinehowthedesignwillmeettheOwner’sProjectRequirements.ForfurtherdetailsoncreatingaBasisofDesign,refertotheASHRAEIndoorAirQualityGuide,Strategy1.2,ortheCollaborativeforHighPerformanceSchoolsBestPractices,

VolumeV:CommissioningforHighPerformanceSchools.

MA2.4DevelopaCommissioningPlan

TheCommissioningPlanservesasaguideforthecommissioningprocessandinformsprojectstakeholdersaboutcommissioningactivities,responsibilitiesandmilestones.TheCommissioningPlanalsoidentifiesthesystemsthatmustbecommissionedandprovidesspecificationstointegrateintotheprojectdocumentation.

ProjectsthatincludemodificationstotheHVACsystem,buildingenvelopeandcoolingtowersandprojectsthatinclude“innovative”systems(e.g.,energyrecoveryventilation,under-floorairdistributionanddisplacementventilationsystems)canhaveanimpactonIAQandshouldbecommissioned.Evenminorsystemupgradesshouldincludeaqualitycontrolprocess,eveniffull

commissioningisnotperformed.ForHVACsystemcommissioning,refertoASHRAE’sGuideline0-2013,TheCommissioningProcess,andASHRAE’sGuideline1.1-2007,HVAC&RTechnicalRequirementsfortheCommissioningProcess.

Forbuildingenvelopecommissioning,refertoASTMInternational’sE2813-12,StandardPracticeforBuildingEnclosureCommissioning.

Ifexistingsystemswillnotbeupgradedintheimprovementproject,butwereidentifiedinthebuildingauditasmalfunctioningornotworkingefficiently,plantoperformretro-commissioningtocorrectoperationaldeficiencies,controlsequences,setpointsandotherneededcalibrations.Formoreinformation,seeENERGYSTAR® BuildingUpgradeManual ,Chapter5.

MA2.5CommissionSystems

Ifbuildingenvelopemodificationsoradditionsareincludedintheimprovementproject,theCommissioningAgentshouldreviewtheenvelopedesignandperformonsiteverificationbeginningduringtheearlystagesofconstruction.TheimportanceoftimingthecommissioningactivitiestoprotectIAQisoutlinedindetailintheASHRAEIndoorAirQualityGuide,Strategy 1.2.

TwovaluableaspectsofcommissioningareprefunctionalchecklistsandfunctionalperformancetestingthathavetraditionallybeenusedforcommissioningHVACsystems;thesecanbeadaptedtootherbuildingsystems.

Prefunctionalchecklistsverifytheproperinstallationofequipmentandhelpidentifydeficienciespriortofunctionalperformancetesting.Thesechecklistsareintendedtosupplement,notreplace,anymanufacturerstartupchecklistsordocumentation.

Thegoaloffunctionalperformancetestingistoassesscompletesystemoperation

andevaluatetheinteractionofindividualcomponents.Thescopeoffunctionalperformancetestingincludesautomatedcontrols,sequencesofoperation,andequipmentfunctionduringvariousmodesofoperation.TestingcriteriaincludetheOwner’sProjectRequirementsandBasisofDesigndocuments,manufacturers’requirements,andsequencesofoperation.




PRIORITYISSUE2.0COMMISSIONING(continued)


ACTIONS (EA)

ASSESSMENT

PROTOCOLS (AP)

MA2.6DeliveraCommissioningReport

IfaCommissioningAgentwashiredtoperformcommissioningactivities,acommissioningreportshouldbeprovidedtothefacilitymanager,theownerortheowner’srepresentative.Thereportshouldincludeanoverviewofthecommissioningprocess,prefunctionalchecksandfunctionalperformance

testingmethodsanddetailedresults,identifieddeficiencies,resolvedissuesandoutstandingproblems,includingequipmentinstallationandoperation.Thereportshouldincludedatesandtimesforallfunctionalchecksandperformancetests.Thereportshouldaddresstheadequacyoftheinstalledandcommissionedequipmentandsystemsinmeetingthecontract,Owner’sProjectRequirementsandtheBasisofDesigndocuments.Thereportshouldbeclearlywrittenandeasilyunderstoodbyallmembersoftheprojectteam.

MA2.7PostOccupancyCommissioning

Dependingonthefunctionalperformancetestingscheduleandresults,deferringcertainfunctionalperformancetests(orportionsthereof)totheappropriateseasonorweatherconditionsoftenisrequired.SeasonalordeferredtestingcancapturesystemperformanceduringtimeswhenIAQmaybemoreacutelyaffected(e.g.,whenoutdoorairventilationratesareatdesignminimumsduring

seasonaldesignweatherconditions).Also,performingadditionalcommissioningverificationbeforesystemwarrantiesexpiremayidentifyissuesthatcouldberesolvedunderwarranty.

MA2.8OperatorTraining

TheCommissioningAgentshouldprovidetrainingtothefacilitymanagerandotheroperationsandmaintenancestaffonallcommissionedsystems,whichmayrequireasignificanttimeinvestment.Operationsmanualscanbedifficulttounderstandandmaynotprovidealltheinformationonthebuilding’ssystems.TheCommissioningAgentmayhaveuniqueinsightintosystemdesignandcorrectoperationandshouldprovidethoroughtraininganddocumentationtofacilitystaffatprojectcompletion.TheENERGYSTAR® BuildingUpgradeManual ’sChapter5onretro-commissioningoutlinesthetypeofinformationthatshouldbeprovidedduringtraining.Documentattendanceforfuturereferenceandpotentialfollowup.

ReferencesforPriorityIssue2.0Commissioning:

ASHRAEGuideline0-2013,TheCommissioningProcessASHRAEGuideline1.1-2007,HVAC&RTechnicalRequirementsfortheCommissioningProcess

ASHRAEIndoorAirQualityGuide,Strategy1.2.(SeePartISummaryGuidanceandPartIIDetailedGuidance)

ASTME2813-12,StandardPracticeforBuildingEnclosureCommissioningCollaborativeforHighPerformanceSchoolsBestPracticesManual,VolumeV:CommissioningofHighPerformanceSchools

EPAIAQDesignToolsforSchools ,Commissioning



http://www.techstreet.com/products/1573306


http://www.astm.org/Standards/E2813.htm

http://www.chps.net/dev/Drupal/node/40

http://www.epa.gov/iaq/schooldesign/commissioning.html











MoistureandMold

PRIORITYISSUE3.0MOISTURECONTROLANDMOLD


EA3.1RetrofitCrawlspacesandDocumentResultsAP3.1InspectforMoistureProblems MA3.1RepairMoistureProblems

Repairmoistureproblemsidentified RetrofitcrawlspacessothattheyareInspecttheinteriorandexteriorofthe duringtheassessment(e.g.,plumbing sealed,insulated,ventilatedwithbuildingandthebuilding’smechanical leaks;rainleaks,includingleaksaround conditionedair,properlydrained

systemsforevidenceofmoisturewindowsandflashing;foundation

andwaterproofed(see EPAMoistureproblems.Examplesofmoistureand leaks).Itisimportanttocorrecta ControlGuidanceforBuildingDesign,moistureproblematitssource.moldproblemsincludethefollowing: ConstructionandMaintenance,and

the2012InternationalBuildingCode,• Waterdamageorstains(e.g.,on MA3.2FollowProfessionalGuidance Section 1203.3.2).Installahigh-

wallsorceilings) forConductingMoldRemediation capacity,energy-efficientdehumidifierConductanyre• Foundationcracksthatleakwater inthespaceiftheclimateconditionsquiredmoldreme warrant.• Signsofseepageorwicking(e.g.,diationfollowing

efflorescence,peelingpaint, EA 3.2 Perform Additional Moldprofessionalguidance,suchasEPA’sdelaminatingmaterials) Remediation ActivitiesMoldRemediationinSchoolsandCom

• Visiblemoldgrowth mercialBuildingsandInstituteofIn- Performadditionalspection,CleaningandRestorationCer activities,beyond• Moldgrowthinductworkandtification(IICRC)MoldRemediation thoserequiredforplenumsStandardS520.Donotdisturbmold thebuildingupgradeproject,to

• Wetordampspots growthwithoutfollowingprofessional remediateanyobservedmoldgrowth.

guidelines. FollowEPAorotherprofessional• Mustyodorguidance.

• Groundwater,surfacewaterand Noterainwaterintrusion EA3.3ConsiderVentilationApproachesEPAdoesnotrecommendroutine

ThatProvideBetterMoistureControl• Plumbingleaks samplingformold.If visiblemoldispresent,itisimportanttocorrect

• Condensationormoisturedamageon DedicatedOutdoorAirSystems(DOAS)thesourceofthemoistureproblem oraroundwindows

andcleanupthemold.For more Considerproperlydesignedand• Othercondensation(consider informationonmoldsampling,see controlledDOAStopreconditionthe

surfacetemperature,relative EPA’sMold RemediationinSchoolsand outdoorairandaddresstheventilationhumidityanddewpointtemperature CommercialBuildings . anddehumidificationloads,withwhenevaluatingthepotentialfor separatecooling/heatingunitsprovidingcondensationproblems) MA3.3AddressStandingWater temperaturecontrolintheoccupied

Problems zones,asdescribedintheASHRAEDocumenttheextentandlocationsofAddressstandingwaterproblems HumidityControlDesignGuidefor theproblemsandtheproposedrepairs.(e.g.,surfacewaterpoolingnear CommercialandInstitutionalBuildings ,thefoundation,waterthatdoesnot Chapters10and18.drainfromflatroofsandgutters).

Notes

• Buildingstaffandoccupantsmay Note Ensurethatthereisadequateslopebeasourceofinformationregarding anddrainageawayfromthebuilding.

DOASsystemsaretypicallydesigned pastandpresentmoistureproblems. Correctstandingwaterproblemsnear

toprovideairatalowdewpoint foundationsandcrawlspacesbefore

temperatureduringhumidseason • TheCDCNIOSHDampnessandinsulatingandweatherizing.

operationandcanhelpcontrolindoor

usefulresourceforinspectingand

MoldAssessmentTool maybeahumidity.DOASmaynotentirelyMA3.4ManageRainwateraddresslowindoorhumidityproblems documentingmoldandmoisture Managerainwaterinassembliesthat duringcold,dryseasonoperation.problemsintheschool. areincludedinthescopeofwork

(e.g.,drainageplanesandflashings). VariableAirVolumeSystemsEnsurethatthereisadequateslopeanddrainageawayfromthebuilding, Considerproperlydesignedand

particularlyfordownspoutsthatcarry controlledvariable-air-volumesystemsrainwaterfromtheroof. supplyingairwithalowdewpoint

temperature(e.g.,53to57oF)toMA3.5EnsureProperHVACDrainage providebetterindoorhumiditycontrol.EnsurethatdrainpansmeettherequirementsofASHRAEStandard 62.1.

SeeAppendixB:CommunicationandEducation SeeAppendixC:WorkerProtection





http://www.epa.gov/mold/mold_remediation.html


http://www.epa.gov/mold/i-e-r.html#Sampling















PRIORITYISSUE3.0MOISTURECONTROLANDMOLD(continued)

ASSESSMENT PROTOCOLS (AP) MINIMUM ACTIONS (MA)EXPANDED

ACTIONS (EA)

AP3.2DetermineWhetherMoldRemediation

isRequired

Determinewhethertheprojectrequiresmoldremediationandadditionalmoisturecontrolmeasures(e.g.,asdeterminedduringthe

moistureinspectionofAP3.1ortheIAQwalkthroughinspectionofAP1.2).Remembertoidentifythesourcesofmoistureproblems.Isolateandcontainareasofsignificantmoldcontaminationuntiltheseareascanberemediated(seeMA3.2;seeEPAMoldRemediationinSchoolsandCommercialBuildingsandIICRCMoldRemediationStandardS520foradditionalinformation).

AP3.3DefineScopeforMoisture

Improvements

Documentwhichmoistureproblemscanbeaddressedaspartofthebuildingupgrade

projectandwhichmustberepairedbeforecertain,specificenergy-conservingmeasurescanbeimplemented.Workwithageneralcontractororotherexperiencedbuildingexpertstomakethesedeterminations.

AP3.4AssessforMoistureProblemsThatCan

NotBeResolvedUndertheProject

Significantcondensationorhumidityproblems(e.g.,condensationonmultiplewindows,condensationinattics,orsignificantmoistureormoldproblems)maynotbepossibletoresolveaspartofanenergyimprovementproject.Inthiscase,donotstartbuildingupgradeprojectsthatwillreducetheschool’sairinfiltrationrateorexacerbatethemoistureproblems.

MA3.6PreventCondensationintheBuilding

Enclosure

Airsealtheenclosureandmanageairpressurerelationships.

NoteAirsealingtheinterfacebetweentheceilingand

atticalsopreventsicedamsonroofsincold,snowy

climates.

Managewatervaporflowandcondensingsurfacetemperaturestoavoiddewpointconditionswithintheenvelopeoronothersurfaceswithinthebuildingwhosesurfacetemperatureisexpectedtofallbelowthesurroundingdewpointtemperature(achievedbyselectingmaterialswiththeappropriatecombinationofthermalresistance[knownastheR-value]andvaporpermeability).Strictlyfollowallapplicablebuildingcodesforvaporbarrierplacement.

Ensurethatallpiping,valvesandductworkwithcondensationpotentialareadequatelyinsulatedtoreducemoistureproblems.Performaqualitycontrolreviewofinsulationafteritisinstalledtoensurethatallsurfacesarecoveredwithairtight,vapor-impermeableinsulation,includingsurfacesthatwillpassthroughunconditionedspaces.

Controlhumiditysources.

• Provideadequateventilationandairmovement,payingparticularattentiontodampandwetareas.

• Ensurethatexistingexhaustfansinpotentiallywetareas(e.g.,lockerrooms,toiletrooms,kitchens)areoperatingproperlyandventedtotheoutdoors.

Ensuretheseexhaustfansareoperatedwhenneeded.

• Coverearthenfloorsinbasementsandcrawlspaceswithsealedvaporbarriersandsealsumpcovers.

• Ensurepropercrawlspaceventilation(e.g.,foundationwallvents),moistureandhumiditycontrolfortheclimatezone.

• Ensureproperatticventilation,unlesssealedorconditioned.












ACTIONS (EA)

ASSESSMENT

PROTOCOLS (AP)

MA3.7UseHVACSystemstoManageMoisture

UseHVACsystemstomanagemoistureinsidethebuilding.

• Ensurepropersizingwhenspecifyingneworreplacementairconditioningsystems.Besuretoaccountforallmoistureloadsinthecalculations,

includingoccupants,ventilationairandinfiltration.• Iftherelativehumidityormoistureintheindoorairishigh,evaluatewhethertheairconditioningunithasanoversizeddesign-sensiblecapacityoranundersizeddesign-latentcapacity.Design-latent(dehumidification)capacityofthesystemshouldbebasedondesigndehumidificationconditionsforthelocation(designdewpointtemperatureandmeancoincidentdrybulbtemperature)asdescribedintheASHRAEHumidityControlDesignGuidefor

CommercialandInstitutionalBuildings ,Chapter 10.• Schoolsinhumidclimatesmayneeddehumidificationthroughouttheentire

year.Ifconstant-air-volumeHVACsystemsareusedinclassrooms,providecontinuoushumiditycontrolbasedonaschemethatprovidesdehumidificationinresponsetoahumidistat,asdescribedinASHRAEHumidityControlDesign

GuideforCommercialandInstitutionalBuildings ,Chapter18.Alternatively,variable-air-volumesystemsoftencanprovidebetterindoorhumiditycontrolthantraditionalconstant-air-volumesystemswhenthedewpointatthecooling

coilremainssufficientlylowacrossarangeofsensibleloadconditions.Note

Inhumidclimates,temperaturecontrolforconstantairvolumeHVACsystemsisunlikelytoprovideadequatehumiditycontrolbecausetheventilationairoften

willintroduceasignificantmoistureloadwhenthereisaverysmallornegligiblesensibleheatload.Moistureproblemsoccurwhenathermostatcontrolssensible

capacitywithoutregardtolatentload(relativehumidityordewpoint).

• Maintainindoorrelativehumiditybelow60%,ideallybetween30%and50%,ifpossible,exceptinspacesinwhichoccupancyandfunctionalrequirementsdictateotherwise.

• Ensuretheregularlyscheduledmaintenanceofhumidificationequipmentinstalledtomaintainalowrelativehumiditylimit,toavoidmicrobiologicalproblems.

• Ensureproperindoormoisturecontrolduringallsummermonths.Schoolsarenotnecessarilyvacantduringsummermonths,assomeschoolshaveyear-roundactivities(e.g.,summerclasses,summerdaycamps).Ifthereisasummershutdownprogramfortheschoolbuilding,controlindoormoisturebymonitoringtemperature,relativehumidityandcondensationandspecifyingHVACoperationtomaintainindoorconditionsthatpreventmoisture/moldproblemsandmaintaintheindoorrelativehumiditywithinacceptablelimits.Considerincorporatinganalarmtoalertforanexcessiveindoorrelativehumidityordewpointcondition.

Note

Gymnasiumfloorsconstructedofmapletypicallyrequireanindoorhumidityrangeof35%to50%relativehumiditytopreventdamage.Althoughbriefexcursions

outsidethisrange(e.g., lessthan8hours)aretypicallyallowed,itisanimportantconsiderationforschoolbuildingsummershutdownprograms.

Formechanicallyventilatedbuildings,ensurethatbuildingmeetstheexfiltrationrequirementsofASHRAEStandard 62.1,suchthattheminimumoutdoorairintakeequalsorexceedsthemaximumexhaustairflow,allowingfortheexceptionsprovidedinthestandard.






ACTIONS (EA)

ASSESSMENT

PROTOCOLS (AP)

MA3.8UseNonporousMaterialsinMoistureProneAreas

Usemoisture-resistantmaterialsinareaslikelytobecomewettedfrequently,suchasareasarounddrinkingfountains.Ifpossible,useseamlessandslip-resistantmaterials.

NoteFloorcoveringmanufacturersspecifythemaximumwatervaporemissionrateof

concreteoverwhichcoveringssuchastileandcarpetcanbeinstalled.Installing

acoveringonconcretethatexceedsthemaximumemissionratemaycausethe

coveringtofail,promotemoldgrowth,andvoidthemanufacturer’swarranty.Itis

recommendedthatthewatervaporemissionrateofafloorbemeasuredbefore

coveringsareinstalled(evenwhentheinstallationoccurslongafterthebuilding

wasconstructed).

MA3.9ControlMoistureDuringRoofingModifications

Takeprecautionstocontrolmoistureduringroofingmodifications.Forexample:

• Protectopenroofareasfromrainduringconstruction.

• Designandconstructroofingsystemsandflashingdetailstoensureproper

moisturebarriers.• Repairroofleaksbeforeairsealingorinsulatingtheattic.

MA3.10ProtectOnsiteMaterialsFromMoisture

Protectmaterialsonsitefrommoisturedamage.Do notinstallmaterialsthatshowvisiblesignsofbiologicalgrowthresultingfromthepresenceofmoisture.Store andinstallallbuildingproducts,systemsandcomponentsinstrictaccordancewiththemanufacturers’printedinstructions.

ReferencesforPriorityIssue3.0MoistureControlandMold:

ASHRAEGuideforBuildingsinHotandHumidClimates

ASHRAEHumidityControlDesignGuideforCommercialandInstitutionalBuildings ,Chapters10and18

ASHRAEIndoorAirQualityGuide,Strategies 2.1-2.5

ASHRAEStandard62.1,Section5

ASHRAEStandard189.1,Section10.3.1.5.CDC-NIOSH:DampnessandMoldAssessmentTool

EPAIAQDesignToolsforSchools:MoistureControlEPAIAQToolsforSchools :IAQReferenceGuide,AppendixH:MoldandMoisture

EPAMoistureControlGuidanceforBuildingDesign,ConstructionandMaintenance

EPAMoldRemediationinSchoolsandCommercialBuildingsInternationalCodeCouncil,InternationalBuildingCode,2012Edition

IICRCS520StandardandReferenceGuideforProfessionalMoldRemediation








http://www.epa.gov/iaq/schooldesign/moisturecontrol.html



http://www.epa.gov/iaq/schools/tfs/guideh.html






http://publicecodes.cyberregs.com/icod/ibc/2012/index.htm

http://www.iicrc.org/standards/iicrc-s520/


http://publicecodes.cyberregs.com/icod/ibc/2012/index.htm













HazardousMaterials1

PRIORITYISSUE4.0ASBESTOS


ACTIONS (EA)

AP4.1ReviewSchool’sAHERAAsbestos MA4.1EvaluateConditionofACMandUse ThiscellisManagement Plan ProperlyTrainedandAccreditedPersonnelfor intentionally

AbatementorRepair blank.

Reviewtheschool’sAHERAasbestosmanagementplantodetermineareasoftheschoolthatalready SuspectedACMingoodconditioncanbe

havebeenidentifiedascontainingasbestos.A copy managedinplace,buttakecautionnottodisturb

oftheasbestosmanagementplancanbeobtainedby it.IfsuspectedACMisdamaged(e.g.,unraveling,

contactingtheschooldistrict’sAHERADesignated frayed,breakingapart),immediatelyisolatethe

Person.The AHERAasbestosmanagementplanis area(s)andconsultatrainedandaccredited

requiredtobehousedintheschool’sadministrative asbestosprofessionaltodeterminewhatcorrective

office.IfanAHERAasbestosmanagementplanisnot measuresshouldbetaken.Trainedandaccredited

available,seeAP4.2. asbestosprofessionalsmustseparatetheworkareainquestionfromoccupiedportionsofthe

Note buildingusingappropriatecontainmentpractices.ForsuspectedACMthatmustbedisturbedIfaschoolissubjecttoAHERAandanasbestosaspartoftheproject,contactanaccreditedmanagementplanisnotavailable,theschoolisinandproperlytrainedasbestosprofessionalforviolationoftheToxicSubstancesControlAct(TSCA).abatementorrepair,inaccordancewithfederal,stateorlocalrequirements.OnlyatrainedandAP4.2InspectBuildingforAsbestosContaining

Material accreditedasbestosprofessionalmayabate,repairorremoveACM.ContactyourstateasbestosVerifythatatrainedandaccreditedasbestosbuildingregulatoryagencyforinformationonhowtofindinspectorhasinspectedthebuildingforasbestos-anaccreditedasbestosprofessional.containingmaterial(ACM)or,fornewconstruction,

verifythatitwasdeterminedthatnoasbestoswasNotes

usedinthebuildingmaterials.Forschoolsbuiltwithoutasbestos,theAsbestos-ContainingMaterialsin • Moststatesrequirealicense.Insomestates,

however,atrainingcertificatefromanAsbestosSchoolsRulepursuanttoAHERA(40CFRPart763,ModelAccreditationPlancoursemaysuffice.SubpartE)doesnotrequireinspectionsifthebuilding

architect,projectengineerorinspectorsignsa • Typically,trainedandaccreditedprofessionalsstatementtobeincludedintheasbestosmanagement canrepairasbestosby—planthatnoasbestoswasusedintheconstructionof

o SealingorEncapsulating:Treatingthema-theschoolbuilding. terialwithasealantthatbindstheasbestosCaremustbetakenaroundallbuildingmaterialsthat fiberstogetherorcoatsthematerialsomaypotentiallycontainasbestos.Allschoolbuildings fibersarenotreleased.Pipe,furnaceandhavethepotentialtocontainACM.Asrequiredunder boilerinsulationoftencanberepairedintheAsbestos-ContainingMaterialsinSchoolsRule thismanner.pursuanttoAHERA(40CFRPart763,SubpartE)

o CoveringorEnclosing:PlacingaprotectivebesurethatanybuildingmaterialthatmaycontainlayeroveroraroundtheACMtopreventasbestoswastestedforasbestosorwasassumedtoreleaseoffibers.Exposedinsulatedpipingcontainasbestos.ThisinformationwillhelpinformmaybecoveredwithaprotectivewraporoccupantsandconstructioncrewsofanyACMpresentjacket.beforeworkisperformed.

o Removing:RemovingACMmaybeadvantageouswhenremodelingormakingmajorchangestoabuildingthatwilldisturb

ACMorifACMisdamagedextensivelyandcannotbeotherwiserepaired(bycovering,enclosing,sealingorencapsulating).

1. For the purposes of this Guide, “hazardous materials” refers to materials frequently found in older, existing buildings—such as asbestos, lead andPCBs—which are potentially harmful to human health and/or the environment and must be removed and disposed of by licensed professionals.



http://www2.epa.gov/asbestos/state-asbestos-contacts






PRIORITYISSUE4.0ASBESTOS(continued)


ACTIONS (EA)

AP4.2InspectBuildingforAsbestosContainingMaterial(continued)

PersonswhoassessACMmustbespecificallytrainedundertheAsbestosModelAccreditationPlan,inadditiontothosewhoinspectandperformresponse

actions.RefertotheEPAAsbestos:SchoolBuildings WebpageforadiscussionoftheAHERAregulatoryrequirements.

IfACMispresentintheschoolbuildingandthereisnotanasbestosmanagementplanfortheschool,prepareanasbestosmanagementplantopreventorreduceasbestoshazards.

Note

ItisasignificantviolationofTSCAifanasbestos

managementplanwasnotpreparedfortheschool

buildingpriortooccupancy.

Contactatrainedandaccreditedasbestosprofessional

toperformtheasbestosinspectionandpreparetheasbestosmanagementplan.Forschools,theasbestosmanagementplanshallsatisfytherequirementsundertheimplementingrulesofAHERA,aspublishedin40CFR,Part763,SubpartE.

Note

Possiblesourcesofasbestosincludethefollowing:

• Insulationinatticsandatticlikespaces

(e.g., vermiculite)

• Wallinsulation(e.g.,vermiculite,insulationblocks)

• Hotwaterandsteampipescoatedwithasbestos

materialorcoveredwithanasbestosblanketortape

• Oilandcoalfurnacesanddoorgasketswith

asbestosinsulation

• Vinylflooring(including9"by9"or12"by12"floor

tiles,vinylsheetflooring,andthemasticsandother

adhesivesusedtosecuretheflooring)

• Cementsheet,millboardandpaperusedas

insulationaroundfurnacesandwoodorcoal

burningappliances

• Soundproofingordecorativesurfacematerials

sprayedonwallsorceilings,includingpopcorn

ceilings

• Patching,jointcompounds,andtexturedpaintson

wallsandceilings

• Roofing,shinglesandsiding(includingcementor

adhesives)

• Transite(cementandasbestos)combustionventortransiteflue

• Plasterthatisoldenoughtopotentiallycontain

asbestos

• Heatresistantfabrics

MA4.2PrecautionsforWorkingAroundACM

WhenworkingaroundACM,donot—

• Dust,sweeporvacuumACMdebris.

• Saw,sand,scrapeordrillholesinthematerial.

• Useabrasivepadsorbrushestostripmaterials.

MA4.3EnsureInsulationIsAsbestosFreeBeforeDisturbing

Donotremoveordisturbinsulationthatappearstobevermiculite(e.g.,atticorwallinsulation).The EPAAsbestoswebsiteprovidesinformationonvermiculateinsulationandhowtoidentifyit.Sinceconfirmingwhethervermiculitecontainsasbestosbytestingisunreliable,EPArecommendsassumingitcontainsasbestosandmanagingaccordingly.Specifically,EPArecommendsthatbuildingownerstakethefollowingprecautions:

• Leavevermiculiteinsulationundisturbedinatticorwalls.

• Donotstoreboxesorotheritemsintheatticifitcontainsvermiculiteinsulation.

• Hireaprofessionalasbestoscontractorifthereareplanstoremodelorconductrenovationsthatwoulddisturbthevermiculiteintheatticorwallstomakesurethatthematerialissafelyhandledand/orremoved.

MA4.4ConductAsbestosAbatementBeforeBlowerDoorTesting

Anyasbestosabatementorrepairworkshould

becompletedbyproperlytrainedandaccreditedasbestosprofessionalspriortoblowerdoortesting.Exerciseappropriatecautionwhenconductingblowerdoortestingwherefriableasbestosorvermiculiteatticinsulationispresenttoavoiddrawingasbestosfibersintooccupiedspaces(e.g.,positivelypressurizedblowerdoortesting).


http://www2.epa.gov/asbestos/school-buildings

http://www2.epa.gov/asbestos





PRIORITYISSUE4.0ASBESTOS(continued)


ACTIONS (EA)

Ifunsurewhether

material

containsasbestos,contactaqualifiedasbestosprofessionaltoassessthe

material.

MA4.5AsbestosClearanceAirMonitoring

Followinganasbestosresponseactionintheschool(asbestosabatementcorrectiveaction)pursuantto40CFRPart763.90,asbestosairtesting(socalled“clearance”testing)mustbeperformedtoensurethattheresponseactionwasproperly

conducted.Contactyourstateasbestosregulatoryagencyforinformationonhowtofindatrainedandaccreditedasbestosprofessionaltoperformthiswork.

Notes:

AppropriateidentificationofACMisnecessary

toensurethecontinuedsafetyoftheoccupants

andthesafetyofworkers,whomaynotbe

awareofasbestoshazards.IfACMmaybedisturbedduringa

plannedproject,aproperlytrainedandaccreditedpersonneedsto

conductaninitialasbestosassessmenttodeterminepotential

workerexposuresandrequiredexposurecontrols.Asbestos

awarenesstrainingisrequiredforcustodiansandschool

maintenancepersonnelwhenACMispresentintheschoolbuilding

(seeEPA’sAsbestos:SchoolBuildings Webpageformoreinformation).

ReferencesforPriorityIssue4.0Asbestos:

EPAAsbestos

EPAAsbestos:AsbestosNESHAP

EPAAsbestos:MonitoringAsbestos-ContainingMaterialEPAAsbestos:SchoolBuildings

EPAAsbestos:StateAsbestosContacts

EPAAsbestos-ContainingMaterialsinSchools;FinalRuleandNotice(40CFRPart763)NationalInstituteofStandardsandTechnology(NIST)NationalVoluntaryLaboratoryAccreditationProgram(NVLAP):DirectoryofAccredited

Laboratories—AsbestosFiberAnalysis(PolarizedLightMicroscopyTestMethod)

NISTNVLAP:DirectoryofAccreditedLaboratories—AsbestosFiberAnalysis(TransmissionElectronMicroscopyTestMethod)OccupationalSafetyandHealthAdministration(OSHA),29CFRPart1926.1101

OSHA,Asbestos

OSHA,Asbestos:Construction






http://www2.epa.gov/asbestos/asbestos-neshap

http://www2.epa.gov/asbestos/monitoring-asbestos-containing-material-acm



http://www.epa.gov/sbo/pdfs/fr-3269-8.pdf

http://ts.nist.gov/Standards/scopes/plmtm.htm


http://ts.nist.gov/Standards/scopes/temtm.htm

http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_id=10862&p_table=STANDARDS

http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/asbestos/

http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/asbestos/construction.html

















PRIORITYISSUE5.0LEAD


AP5.1AssumeLeadBasedPaintIsUsedinSchoolsBuiltBefore1978

Assumethereislead-basedpaintinschoolsbuiltbefore1978unlesstestingshowsotherwise.Recognize,however,thatlead-basedpaintmaybepresentinanyschool.Determinewhetherpaintwillbedisturbedbytheworkortheassessment.

AP5.2TestSuspectSurfacesThatWillBeDisturbed

Threemethodsmaybeused.PaintsamplesmaybetakenandanalyzedbyanEPA-accreditedlaboratory.Inaddition,acertifiedriskassessororinspectormaytestpaintviaX-rayfluorescencetesting.Finally,incertaincircumstances,acertifiedindividualmayuseanEPA-recognizedtestkittodeterminewhetherthepaintislead-based.Thelead-safeworkpractices(seeMinimumandExpandedActions)applyunlesspaintistestedandfoundnottobelead-based.

Note

Ifthereareconcernsaboutleadin

drinkingwater,seeEPA’sDrinking

WaterinSchools&ChildCare

Facilities website.

MA5.1ComplyWithEPA’sRenovation,RepairandPainting(RRP)ProgramRule

Amongtherule’skeyelementsarethefollowing:

• Useatrainedandcertifiedrenovator

employedbyalead-safecertifiedfirm.• Followlead-safeworkpracticesif

disturbinggreaterthan6ft2ofinterioror20ft2ofexteriorpaintedsurfaces.

• Containtheworkareatoavoidoccupantexposure.

• Minimizeleaddustandleavenodustordebrisbehind.

• Cleanaccordingtospecifiedprotocolandsatisfactorilyperformcleaningverificationorclearancetesting.

Note

CompliancewithEPA’sRRPProgramRuleis

requiredinschools,orportionsofschools,

wherechildrenyoungerthan6yearsofage

arepresent.ThisEnergySavingsPlusHealth

GuiderecommendsRRPProgramRule

complianceforallschools,regardlessofthe

ageofthestudentsortheschool.

MA5.2ComplyWithLocalandStateLeadRegulations

Complywithlocalandstateregulationsthatmaybeapplicabletoleadhazard-reductionactivitiesandmayrequireadditionalcertifiedpersonnel.

NoteThisisnotacompletesummaryofthe

regulatoryrequirements.Theintentof

thisGuideistopromotethemosthealth

protectivestepsthatarefeasibleand

practical.Theminimumactionrecommended

inthisGuideistocomplywithwhateverthe

mostcurrentversionoftheRRPProgram

Ruleprescribesandwithalllocalandstate

regulationsthatmayapply.

EA5.1FollowAdditionalLeadSafeRehabilitationPractices

Followadditionallead-saferehabilitationpractices,suchastheU.S.DepartmentofHousingandUrbanDevelopment’s(HUD)practicesoutlinedbelow.InadditiontoEPA’sRRPProgramRule,adheretothefollowing:

• Lowerthethresholdsforinteriorpaintedsurfaceareafrom6ft2to2ft2.

• Requirerepairofpaintedsurfacesthataredisturbedwhenusinglead-safeworkpractices.

• Requiremeetingleaddustclearancetestingstandards(astestedbyanEPA-certifiedriskassessor)ifmorethan2ft2ofpaintisdisturbed.

Note

Leaddustclearancetestingincludesmeasuringforleaddustonfloors,

windowsillsandwindowtroughs.

EA5.2ReplaceWindowsContainingLeadBasedPaint

Replacewindowsthattestpositiveforlead-basedpaint,complyingwithEPA’sRRPProgramRuleandotherregulationsthatmaybeapplicabletoleadhazardreductionactivities.

EA5.3EnsureAllPaintUsedintheFutureIsLeadFree

Somecoatingsareexemptfromlead-containingpaintregulations.Theseincludecoatingsforindustrialequipmentandthoseusedforbuildingandequipmentmaintenancecoatings.Ensurethatallfuturepaintapplicationsintheschoolarelead-free.SeeConsumerProductSafetyCommission(CPSC)FAQs:LeadInPaint(AndOtherSurfaceCoatings).

ReferencesforPriorityIssue5.0Lead:

CPSCFAQs:LeadinPaint(AndOtherSurfaceCoatings)

EPADrinkingWaterinSchools&ChildCareFacilities

EPALead:LocateCertifiedInspection,RiskAssessment,andAbatementFirmsEPALead-BasedPaintRenovation,Repair,andPaintingProgram:SmallEntityComplianceGuidetoRenovateRight

EPALocateanRRPTrainingClassorProviderinYourAreaEPARecognitionofLeadTestKits

EPARenovation,Repair,andPainting(RRP)Program

EPARenovation,Repair,andPainting(RRP)Program:DetailsonCertificationRequirementsforFirms

HUDLeadSafeWorkPracticesOSHA,Lead



http://water.epa.gov/infrastructure/drinkingwater/schools/index.cfm



http://www.cpsc.gov/en/business--manufacturing/business-education/lead/faqs-lead-in-paint-and-other-surface-coatings/





http://cfpub.epa.gov/flpp/search.cfm?Applicant_Type=firm

http://www2.epa.gov/sites/production/files/documents/sbcomplianceguide.pdf

http://cfpub.epa.gov/flpp/searchrrp_training.htm

http://www2.epa.gov/lead/epa-recognition-lead-test-kits

http://www2.epa.gov/lead/renovation-repair-and-painting-program

http://www2.epa.gov/lead/details-certification-requirements-firms

http://www.hud.gov/offices/cpd/affordablehousing/training/web/leadsafe/keyrequirements/safepractices.cfm

http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/lead/



















PRIORITYISSUE6.0POLYCHLORINATEDBIPHENYLS(PCBs)


AP6.1DetermineWhetherFluorescentLightBallastsContainingPCBsArePresent

Someschoolsmaycontainfluorescentlightfixtureswithballastsmanufacturedbefore1979thatcontainPCBs.Ballastsmanufacturedbetween1978and1998thatdonotcontainPCBswererequiredtobelabeled“NoPCBs.”NewerfluorescentlightingtypicallyuseselectronicballaststhatdonotcontainPCBsandshouldbeclearlymarkedaselectronic.

Iffluorescentlightballastsdonothavethestatement“NoPCBs”orarenotmarkedaselectronic,assumethattheballastscontainPCBsorcontactthemanufacturertodeterminewhethertheballastscontainPCBs.Ifthe

manufacturerisnotsurewhethertheballastscontainPCBs,assumethattheydo.

AP6.2AssessCaulkThatWillBeDisturbed

Assesswhethercaulkwillbedisturbedduringupgradeactivities.Manyschoolbuildingsbuiltorrenovatedbetween1950and1978havebeenfoundtocontainPCBsincaulk.Typicallocationsincludearoundwindows,doorframes,masonrycolumnsandothermasonrymaterials.

Note

PCBswerenotaddedtocaulkafter

1978;however,caulkcontainingPCBs

manufacturedbefore1978couldhave

beenusedinbuildingsafterthattime.

MA6.1ReplacePCBContainingLightBallasts

WhetherPCBsareconfirmedorassumedtobepresent,newlightingfixturescanbeusedtoreplacethe

existingfixtures.PCB-containinglightballaststhatareleakingmustbereplacedandproperlydisposedofpursuanttoEPAregulations.AnyoilandstainsleakedfromPCB-containingballastsmustalsobeproperlycleanedupordisposedofinaccordancewiththePCBdecontaminationordisposalregulations.EPArecommendsthatnonleakingPCB-containinglightballastsalsobereplacedbecauseoftheirincreasedlikelihoodtofailandleakandbecauseoftheincreasedenergyefficiencyofnewballasts.

MA6.2ProperlyDisposeofPCBContainingLightBallasts

WhenremovingPCB-containinglightballasts,specificnotification,packing,reporting,storage,transportationanddisposalrequirementsapply.TheEPAPCB-ContainingFluorescentLightBallasts(FLBs)inSchoolBuildingsWebpageprovidesdetailsonmanaginganddisposingofbothleakingandnonleakingballasts,includingdetailedfederalrequirementsin40CFRPart761thatmustbeadheredto(disposal,useofcontainers,properstorage,etc).Ensurethatwastemanagementalsomeetslocalandstaterequirements.

Note

Fluorescentlightbulbscontainsmall

amountsofmercury.Ensurethatthe

bulbsarehandledproperlytoavoid

breakageandreleaseofcontaminants.

Moreinformationonfluorescentbulb

disposalrequirementsmaybeobtained

fromyourstatesolidandhazardous

wasteagencies.See alsoMA 21.4

PreventMercuryExposure.

EA6.1ConductanAssessmentforPCBsinIndoorAirandMitigateasAppropriate

IfthereareadditionalconcernsaboutPCBs,considerconductinganIAQassessmentforPCBsfollowingEPA’sCompendiumMethodTO-4A(highairvolume)orCompendiumMethodTO-10A(lowairvolume).IftheairqualitytestindicatesconcentrationsaboveEPA’sPublicHealthLevelsforPCBsinIndoorSchoolAir,identifypotentialsourcesofPCBsandmitigationoptions.Examplesofkeymitigationoptionsincludeballastandcaulkremoval,properventilationandpropercleaning.

DisposalofcaulkorotherbuildingproductscontaminatedbyPCB-

bearingcaulkmustfollowregulatoryrequirementsforPCBwaste,asdescribedin40CFRPart761SubpartD.

Documentandstorecopiesofalltestresults.Includedocumentationofallsamplinglocationsanddisposalmeasures,includingdisposalcompaniesusedandfinaldestinationofwastematerials.



http://www.epa.gov/osw/hazard/tsd/pcbs/pubs/ballasts.htm


http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/hazard/tsd/pcbs/pubs/caulk/maxconcentrations.htm








PRIORITYISSUE6.0POLYCHLORINATEDBIPHENYLS(PCBs)(continued)

MINIMUM ACTIONS (MA) EXPANDED ACTIONS (EA)ASSESSMENT PROTOCOLS (AP)

MA6.3AddressCaulkPotentiallyContainingPCBsWhenItWillBeDisturbedDuringBuildingUpgrades

IfPCBsarepotentiallypresentincaulkandthecaulkwillbedisturbedduringthebuildingrenovations(e.g.,

windowordoorreplacement,improvedweatherizationsealing),takestepstominimizeexposure.StepstoreduceexposureshouldfollowEPA’sCurrentBestPracticesforPCBsinCaulk.SchoolsshouldalsoconsulttheEPAFactSheetsforSchoolsandTeachersAboutPCB-ContaminatedCaulk.

DisposalofcaulkorotherbuildingproductscontaminatedbyPCB-bearingcaulkmustfollowregulatoryrequirementsforPCBwaste,asdescribedin40CFRPart761SubpartD.Documentandstorecopiesofalltestresults.Includedocumentationofallsamplinglocationsanddisposalmeasures,includingdisposalcompaniesusedandfinaldestinationofwastematerials.

EPARegionalPCBCoordinatorsarearesourceforallPCBissues.

ReferencesforPriorityIssue6.0PolychlorinatedBiphenyls(PCBs):

EPACurrentBestPracticesforPCBsinCaulkFactSheet-InterimMeasuresforAssessingRiskandTakingActiontoReduceExposures

EPAFactSheetsforSchoolsandTeachersAboutPCB-ContaminatedCaulk

EPAPCB-ContainingFluorescentLightBallasts(FLBs)inSchoolBuildingsEPAPCBsinCaulkinOlderBuildings

EPAPolychlorinatedBiphenylsEPAPolychlorinatedBiphenyls(PCBs)Manufacturing,Processing,DistributioninCommerce,AndUseProhibitions,40CFRPart761

SubpartD—StorageandDisposalEPAPublicHealthLevelsforPCBsinIndoorSchoolAir

EPARecyclingMercury-ContainingLightBulbs(Lamps)

EPARegionalPCBCoordinatorsEPAStepstoSafeRenovationandAbatementofBuildingsThatHavePCB-ContainingCaulk

EPAWastes,HazardousWastes,TestMethods,SW-846


http://www.epa.gov/pcbsincaulk/caulkinterim.htm


http://www.epa.gov/pcbsincaulk/caulkschoolkit.htm





http://www.epa.gov/pcbsincaulk/

http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/hazard/tsd/pcbs/index.htm

http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2007-title40-vol30/pdf/CFR-2007-title40-vol30-part761.pdf



http://www.epa.gov/osw/hazard/wastetypes/universal/lamps/index.htm

http://www.epa.gov/osw/hazard/tsd/pcbs/pubs/coordin.htm

http://www.epa.gov/pcbsincaulk/guide/index.htm

http://www.epa.gov/waste/hazard/testmethods/sw846/index.htm














http://www.epa.gov/pcbsincaulk/





OutdoorContaminantsandSources

PRIORITYISSUE7.0RADON


ACTIONS (EA)

AP7.1SelectaRadonTestingProfessional MA7.1MitigateHighRadonLevels Thiscellis

Qualifiedmeasurementprofessionalsareindividualswhohavedemonstratedaminimum

Iftheresultsofradontesting(beforeorafterbuildingmodifications)indicatethattheaverageradonlevelsin

intentionallyblank.

degreeofappropriatetechnicalknowledge partsoralloftheschoolare≥4picocuriesperliter(pCi/L),andskillsspecifictoradontestinginlarge takeactionstoreducetheradonlevels,asdescribedbuildings(1)asestablishedincertification inthecurrentversionof“RadonMitigationinSchoolsrequirementsoftheNationalRadon andLargeBuildings”(ANSI/AARSTRMS-LB).ActiveProficiencyProgram([email protected])orthe soildepressurizationisthefirstmitigationmethodtobeNationalRadonSafetyBoard([email protected]) considered.Ensurethatradonmitigationprofessionalsmeetand(2)asrequiredbystatute,statelicensure statecertificationrequirements,asapplicable,andareorcertificationprogram,whereapplicable. certifiedbyeitherofthegroupslistedinAP 7.1.

AP7.2PerformRadonTestingBeforeSchool MA7.2EnsureHVACSystemsAreOperatingProperlyBuildingModifications

Schoolventilationsystemsplayacriticalrolein

Performradontestingfortheschoolinaccordancewiththecurrentapplicablestandard

ofpractice;suchas“Radon MeasurementforSchoolsandLargeBuildings”(AmericanNationalStandardsInstitute[ANSI]/AmericanAssociationofRadonScientists&Technologists,Inc.[AARST]MALB),andstateorfederalrequirements.Thestandardincludesinformationonwhichroomsoftheschooltotest,andhowandwhentoconducttesting.Assess theHVACsystemsforproperoperationpriortoandwhileconductingtheinitialradonmeasurements(e.g.,ensurethatsystemsareoperatingasdesignedwiththedesignminimumamountsofoutdoorairventilation).

buildingperformanceandmustbeoperatingwithnolessthandesignminimumoutdoorairventilationrateswheneverschoolroomsareoccupied(evenifatreducedoccupancy)toensureradonlevelsarenotadverselyaffected.Decreasingoutdoorairventilationrateswilltendtoincreaseradonlevels.Thus,aroomwithradontestresultsbelow4pCi/LandtheHVACsystemoperatingwiththedesignminimumamountofoutdoorairventilationcouldhaveelevatedradonlevelsifventilationisdecreased.This isparticularlycriticalforschoolswithoutactivesoildepressurizationradonmitigationsystems.Outdoorairventilationshouldnotbedecreasedbelowdesignminimumvalueswhenspaceshavereducedoccupancy,unlessradontestingshowsthatradonlevelsdonotincreaseabove4pCi/Lwhenlessventilationisprovided.

Thecurrentapplicablestandardofpractice,

suchasinANSI/AARSTMALB,laysouttesting MA7.3AdvisePeriodicRetestingofAreasThatHaveoptions,whicharegenerallydependentupon BeenMitigatedforRadon

thedeviceused. Adviseschoolpersonnelthatretestingshouldbe

Option1:ShortTermTestperformedaccordingtoAP7.2andAP7.3,andensurethatalong-termriskmanagementplanisprovidedby

Becauseradonlevelsvaryfromday-to-dayand themitigationprofessionalinaccordancewithANSI/season-to-season,ashort-termtestislesslikely AARSTRMS-LB.Theplanshouldcontaintheessentialthanalong-termtesttoprovideanaverage informationthattheschoolneedstoconductbasicradonlevelforaschoolyear.A short-termtest maintenanceandriskmanagement.isthequickestwaytotestforradon,requiringaperiodbetween2and90days,dependingonthedevice.Short-termtestingshouldbeconductedasdescribedinthemostcurrentstandardofpractice.

Ensurethatthisisincludedinthewrittendocumentationfortherenovationproject.Retestingshouldbeperformedatleastevery2yearsoraccordingtotheriskmanagementplan.



mailto:[email protected]






PRIORITYISSUE7.0RADON(continued)


ACTIONS (EA)

Option2:LongTermTest

Along-termtestremainsinplaceformorethan90days,andpreferablyduringtheentireschoolyeartogiveanaccuraterepresentationofradonlevelsatalltimesoftheschoolyear.

Notes

• Identifyingelevatedradonlevelsinaschoolpriortootherbuilding

upgradesorrenovationswillallowradonmitigationsystems

tobeconsideredandinstalledaspartoftheoverallbuilding

modifications.

• Ifaschoolhaspreviouslybeentestedforradonusingappropriate

testingprotocolsasrequiredbythestatewherethemeasurements

wereconducted,orinabsenceofstaterequirements,inaccordance

withtheapplicableANSIapprovedstandardandwithnobuilding

modificationssincethetesting,theresultsmaybeusedforthe

purposesofthisassessment.

• ANSI/AARSTMALBprovidesatableofstepstotakeduringaradon

testingprogram,alongwithdetaileddescriptionsandguidance.

• Spacesservedbydemandcontrolledventilationsystemsmay

requirespecialattentionduringradontesting,asthesesystems

allowventilationratestovarywithoccupancy.Forradontestingin

thesespaces,assumeaminimumoutdoorairventilationratebased

ontheminimumexpectedoccupancy.

AP7.3RetestforRadonAfterSchoolBuildingModifications

Retestforradonafterallbuildingupgradesandrenovationsthataffectbuildingenvelopeleakageandairflowsarecompleted,aschangestothebuildingenvelopeandmechanicalsystemscanaffectindoorradonlevels.

ReferencesforPriorityIssue7.0Radon:

ANSI/AARSTMALB:RadonMeasurementforSchoolsandLargeBuildings(forthcoming)ANSI/AARSTRMS-LB:RadonMitigationinSchoolsandLargeBuildings(forthcoming)

EPARadon:StateRadonContactInformation


http://www.epa.gov/radon/whereyoulive.html




PRIORITYISSUE8.0BELOWGROUNDVAPORFORMINGCONTAMINANTS(EXCEPTRADON)


AP8.1EvaluatePotentialSourcesandOdors

Visuallyevaluatepotentialsourcesandcheckforodorsofgasoline,sewergasorfueloil.

AP8.2EvaluatetheSewerVentSystem

Visuallyevaluatetheintegrityofthesewerventsystem(e.g.,ensurethatdraintrapshavewaterinthem,inspectdrainlinesforbreaksorleaks,checkforapparentblockages),particularlyifthereissewergasodorintheschool(e.g.,duringtheinitialassessmentorafandepressurizationtest).

AP8.3TakeProperActionsiftheOdorSourceCannotBeIdentified

Ifanodorisdetectedbutitssourcecannotbeidentified,andtheschoolisinaknownareaofcontamination,notifylocalorstateauthoritiesand/orpursueadditionalassessmentsbefore

continuingprojectwork.

AP8.4ConductFurtherAssessmentifContaminationIsSuspected

Ifsoilorgroundwatercontaminationissuspectedonornearthebuildingsite(e.g.,formerindustrialsite),volatilecontaminantsorbreakdownproductsmayposeanIAQriskthroughsoilgasintrusion.Insuchcases,EPArecommendsfurtherassessmentbeforeairsealing.ConsultyourstateortribalvoluntaryBrownfieldscleanupprogramorenvironmentalregulatoryagencyforinformationontherisksofvaporintrusioninyourarea.EPA’sSchool

SitingGuidelinesprovideinformationforassessingpriorusesofthesiteandscreeningforpotentialenvironmentalhazards,includingvaporintrusion.ASTME2600describesatieredapproachforscreeningpropertiesforvaporintrusionandTableX5.1ofthestandardprovidesalistofstatevapor-intrusionguidancewebsites.

Note

Arecordssearchofthepropertyandsurrounding

propertiesmayprovideinformationregarding

pastusesandspillreports.

MA8.1RepairUnattachedSewerVentSystemComponents

Repairorreplacefailedorunattachedsewerventsystemcomponentsbeforeproceedingwithbuildingupgradeprojects.

MA8.2AddressDrainTrapsPronetoDryingOut

Iftheassessmentsrevealsewergasodorsfromdraintrapsthataredrybecauseofinfrequentuse,developamaintenanceplantoperiodicallyaddwatertothetrapstomaintainasealagainstsewergases.Considerinstallinginlinedraintrapsealstofloordrainspronetodryingout.

Note

Becauseoftheircontinuoususage,draintrapsinsinks,toiletsordrinkingfountainsseldomareaproblem.Usuallyitisafloor

draininanobscurelocation,suchasthemechanicalroom,shopareaorjanitor’scloset.Drydraintrapsinmechanicalroomsareespeciallyproblematicbecausethemechanicalroomsoftencontainheating,coolingandventilationsystemsthatcanquicklyspreadthegasesandodorstootherpartsofthebuilding.Unitary equipment(e.g.,heatpumps)canhavedrydraintraps,whichoftenresultsintheundesirableodorsbeinglimitedtooneroom.

MA8.3AssessandMitigateSoilGasVaporIntrusion

Ifsoilgasvaporintrusionissuspected,

assessandmitigateincompliancewithlocalorstatestandards.TableX5.1ofASTME2600providesalistofstatevapor-intrusionguidancewebsites.Iftherearenosuchstandards,followtheEPAguidancereferencedbelowforvapor-intrusionevaluationandmitigation.

Note

Thecausesorsourcesofcontaminantsmustbeidentifiedandcorrectedbeforeairsealingorotherweatherizationactionsareperformedtoensurethattheproblemisnotexacerbated.

EA8.1InstallFloorDrainSealstoUntrappedFloorDrains

Ifthereareuntrappedfloordrains,installinline

floordrainsealstoprovideprotectionagainstsewergases.

EA8.2InstallAutomaticDrainTrapPrimers

Installautomaticdraintrapprimers,availablefromseveralmajormanufacturers,indraintrapsthataresusceptibletodryingouttoensurethatasmallamountofwaterisperiodicallydeliveredtothetrap.

EA8.3TakeProperMeasuresforBrownfieldsSitesDuringNewConstructionorBuildingExpansion

ProjectslocatedonBrownfieldssites(asclassifiedbyafederal,stateorlocalgovernmentagency)involvingnewconstructionorexpansionofaground-levelfoundationshallincludefeaturestopreventmigrationofsoil-gascontaminantsintooccupiedspaces,asdescribedintheASHRAEIndoorAirQualityGuide,Strategy 3.4.

ReferencesforPriorityIssue8.0BelowgroundVaporFormingContaminants:

ASHRAEIndoorAirQualityGuide,Strategy 3.4

ASTME2600-10StandardGuideforVaporEncroachmentScreeningonPropertyInvolvedinRealEstateTransactionsEPADesignToolsforSchools:PreventingtheEntryofPollutantsfromOutsidetheBuilding

EPAEngineeringIssue:IndoorAirVaporIntrusionMitigationApproaches

EPASchoolSitingGuidelinesEPAVaporIntrusion



http://www.epa.gov/schools/guidelinestools/siting/




http://www.epa.gov/iaq/schooldesign/controlling.html#Drain%20Traps

http://www.epa.gov/nrmrl/pubs/600r08115.html


http://www.epa.gov/oswer/vaporintrusion/




http://www.epa.gov/iaq/schooldesign/controlling.html#Drain%20Traps








AP9.1InvestigateComplaints MA9.1RestrictIdlingatSchoolBusLoading/ EA9.1RelocateExistingAboutMotorVehicleExhaust UnloadingZones,OtherStudentPickUpAreasand OutdoorAirIntakesEmissions LoadingDocks

Iffeasible,relocateexistingAsktheschoolnurse,facilitiesstaff Somelocalandstategovernmentsalreadyhave outdoorairintakesawayfromandtheschool’sIAQcoordinator anti-idlinglawsorpoliciesthatmustbefollowed. vehicleexhaustsourcesto

whethertherehavebeenoccupant Otherwise,requireenginesbeshutoff(no-idlezone) avoidentrainment(see complaintsregardingvehicle atschoolbusloading/unloadingzones,parentalpick MA9.7).

exhaustenteringthebuilding.Ifcomplaintshavebeenrecorded,obtainmoreinformationastowhenandwherecomplaintsoriginated.

AP9.2IdentifyAirLeaksFromParkingStructures

upareas,loadingdocks,andothervehicleloadingandunloadingzones.Providesignagetodesignatethelimitsofnoidlezones.

MA9.2SealLocationsThatSeparateParkingStructuresfromOccupiedSpaces

Minimizethemovementofvehicleexhaustpollutants

EA9.2InstallFiltrationandAirCleaningforOutdoorPollutants

Installparticlefiltrationand,inextremecases,gas-phaseaircleaningtotreat

Ifthereareattachedorenclosed intothebuildingbyairsealingthewallsand/orceilings ventilationairforoutdoorparkingstructures,identifythe thatseparateparkingstructuresfromoccupiedspaces. pollutants(seeEA18.2andlocationofairleaksfromthe Ataminimum,airsealtheselocations(ifpresent): EA18.3).parkingstructurestooccupiedspacesthatmightprovide

pathwaysforhazardousorirritatingemissionstoenteroccupiedspaces.For example,lookfordoors;overlookingwindows;andleaksaroundwalls,doors,windows,ceilings,ductwork,airconditioners,andelectricaland

• Leaksintoceilingcavities

o First-floorsoffitsatceilinglevel

o Single-ortwo-storyroof-walljoints

• Windows:Ensuretightclosureandinstallweatherstripping.If windowscurrentlyprovidemake-upairforcorridorortoiletexhaust,newmake-upairmustbeprovidedtothoserooms.

EA9.3AddPressurizedVestibulesatAllDoorwaysConnectedtoParkingAreas

Addapositive-pressurevestibuleateachdoorwayconnectingoccupiedspacestoaparkingstructure,toprovideanairlock.

pipepenetrations.

AP9.3IdentifyandAssessOutdoorAirIntakes

• Doors:Ensuretightclosureandinstallweatherstripping.

• Electrical,plumbingandductpenetrations

EA9.4InstallorUpgradeExhaustSystemsforVehicleParkingAreas

Ifthereareloadingdocksorvehicleloading/unloadingzones(e.g.,

• Cracksbetweenmasonryorconcretewallsandunsealedpenetrations

Installorupgradeexhaustsystemsforenclosedparking

schoolbusandparentalpick-up

areas),identifythelocationofoutdoorairintakesandassesswhethertheyarelocatedanadequatedistanceawayfromareaswherevehiclesmayidle.DeterminewhethertheseseparationdistancesmeettherequirementsspecifiedinASHRAE Standard62.1,

Table5.5.1.

• Leaksintheductworkorair-handlerplatforms

andgapsaroundtheductworkpenetratingtotheoccupiedspace

MA9.3MaintainPositivePressureinOccupiedSpacesNearParkingStructures

Maintainoccupiedspacesandvestibulesatapositivepressurerelativetoadjacentparkingstructures.Pressuredifferentialsaretypicallyachievedbyusingoutdoorair;however,toeffectivelyprotectIAQ,outdoorairintakesmustbelocatedasufficientdistance

areas:

• Provideadequateexhaustforalllocalizedsourcesofcontamination.

• Maintainsealedexhaustductworkunderanegativepressureinplenumspaces.

• Exhausttotheoutdoors,meetingtheminimum

frompotentialsourcesofvehicleexhaust,emergencygeneratorexhaustandothercombustionexhausts(seeMA9.6).

Asystemthatusestransferairfromotherportions

separationdistancerequirementsofASHRAEStandard62.1,

Table5.5.1.

ofthebuildingtoprovidepressurizationinspacesnearparkingstructurescanbedesigned,aslongasASHRAEStandard62.1outdoorairventilationrequirementsalsoareachieved.

PRIORITYISSUE9.0VEHICLEEXHAUST





PRIORITYISSUE9.0VEHICLEEXHAUST(continued)


ACTIONS (EA)ASSESSMENT

PROTOCOLS (AP)

MA9.4DecoupleAreasWithVehicleExhaustEmissionsFromBuildingAirHandlingSystems

Eliminateanddisconnectsupplydiffusersandreturngrillesingaragesandvocationalclassroomsfromair-handlingsystemsthatserveotheroccupiedspaces.

MA9.5SpecifyCarbonMonoxideDetectionandWarningEquipment

SpecifythepresenceofcarbonmonoxidedetectionandwarningequipmentinbuildingswithattachedorenclosedparkingstructuresinaccordancewithNationalFireProtectionAssociation(NFPA)720andanyapplicablelocalorstaterequirements(seeMA21.2).

MA9.6LocateNewOutdoorAirIntakesAwayFromVehicleandGeneratorExhaustEmissions

EnsurethatnewoutdoorairintakesmeettheASHRAEStandard62.1,Table5.5.1minimumseparationdistancerequirementsfromanysourcesofexhaustemissionsincludingthefollowing:

• Parkingstructureexhaust

• Localmotorvehicletraffic

• Vehicleidlingareas

• Loadingdocks

• Emergencygeneratorexhaust

MA9.7ProtectExistingOutdoorAirIntakes

IfexistingoutdoorairintakesdonotmeettheASHRAEStandard62.1,Table5.5.1separationdistancerequirementsorotherlocalrequirements,relocatetheintakesifpossible.Ifrelocatingexistingairintakesiscostprohibitive,relocateemissionsourcelocationstoachievetherequiredminimumseparationdistances.

MA9.8UseaVentedHeatingSystemforParkingAreas

Ifheatisneededintheparkingstructure,useasupplementalheatingsystemthatisproperlyinstalledandventedtotheoutdoors.

ReferencesforPriorityIssue9.0VehicleExhaust:

ASHRAEIndoorAirQualityGuide,Strategies6.2,6.3and6.4ASHRAEStandard62.1,Table5.5.1,Sections5.2,5.5and5.15

AmericanTransportationResearchInstituteCompendiumofIdlingRegulations

EPACleanSchoolBus—IdleReductionCampaignEPASchoolSitingGuidelines

NFPA720:StandardfortheInstallationofCarbonMonoxide(CO)DetectionandWarningEquipment




http://www.atri-online.org/research/idling/ATRI_Idling_Compendium.pdf

http://www.epa.gov/cleanschoolbus/antiidling.htm


http://www.nfpa.org/catalog/product.asp?title=2012-NFPA-720-Installation-of-Carbon-Monoxide-CO-Detection&category%5Fname=&pid=72012&target%5Fpid=72012&src%5Fpid=&link%5Ftype=search&icid=









PRIORITYISSUE10.0LOCALANDREGIONALAMBIENTAIRQUALITY


AP10.1UnderstandLocalandRegionalAmbientAirQuality

Investigatepublishedinformationregardinglocal

sourcesofpollutionandregionaloutdoorairquality,includingoutdoorozonelevels.ASHRAEStandard62.1,Section4includesaprocedureforassessinglocalandregionaloutdoorairquality.RegionalairqualitycanbemonitoreddailyonweatherwebsitesandattheAirNowwebsite.

MA10.1MeetOutdoorAirFiltrationandAirCleaningRequirementsofASHRAEStandard62.1

Whentheschoolbuildingislocatedinanareawheretheoutdoorairexceedsthenational

standardsforparticulatematter(PM orPM )2.5 10

orozone,ensurethattheoutdoorairtreatmentrequirementsofASHRAEStandard62.1,Section6.2.1aremetformechanicalventilationsystems.This includesthefollowing:

• Particulate-matterfiltersorair-cleaningdeviceswithaMinimumEfficiencyReportingValue(MERV)ofatleast6shallbeusedinareaswherethenationalstandardforPM

10is

exceeded.

• Particulate-matterfiltersorair-cleaningdeviceswithaMERVofatleast11shallbeusedinareaswherethenationalstandardforPM

2.5is

exceeded.

• Air-cleaningdevicestoremoveozoneshallbeusedinareaswherethemostrecentEPAdesignvalueexceeds0.107ppm.The devicesshallhaveavolumetricozone-removalefficiencyofatleast40%andbeoperatedwhenevertheoutdoorozonelevelsareexpectedtoexceed0.107 ppm.

Note

AtthetimeASHRAEStandard62.12013was

published,itidentifiedonlyfourcountiesinthe

UnitedStateswith8hourozonedesignvalues

exceeding0.107 ppm,asofJuly31,2013.

EnsurethatanyincreasedleveloffiltrationoraircleaningdoesnotcreatetoomuchstaticpressurewithintheHVACsystem,whichcouldcauseinefficiencies,anincreaseinenergyuseorreducedequipmentlife.Forexistingsystems,checkwiththemanufacturertodeterminewhetherfilterswithhigherMERVratingscanbeinstalled,andinstallfilterswiththehighestratingthatcanbeaccommodatedbytheequipment.

EA10.1MeetOutdoorAirFiltrationandAirCleaningRequirementsofASHRAE Standard189.1

InadditiontotherequirementsofMA10.1,wheretheoutdoorairexceeds

thenationalstandardsforPM ,PM2.5 10

orozone,ensurethattheoutdoorair-filtrationandair-cleaningrequirementsofASHRAEStandard189.1,Section8.3.1.3aremetformechanicalventilationsystems,includingthefollowingmorestringentcriteria:


10

is exceeded.


2.5

is exceeded.

• Air-cleaningdevicestoremoveozonemustbeprovidedandusedforschoolsthatarelocatedinareasthatarein“nonattainment”withtheNationalAmbientAirQualityStandardsforozone.TheremovalefficiencyofthesystemshallbeatleastequaltowhatisrequiredunderMA 10.1.

ReferencesforPriorityIssue10.0LocalandRegionalAmbientAirQuality:

ASHRAEIndoorAirQualityGuide,Strategy3.1Standard62.1,Sections4and6.2.1

ASHRAEStandard189.1,Section8.3.1.3EPAAirTrends

EPAAirNowEPANationalAmbientAirQualityStandards



http://www.airnow.gov/




http://www.epa.gov/airtrends


http://www.epa.gov/air/criteria.html



http://www.epa.gov/airtrends







PRIORITYISSUE11.0PESTS


AP11.1IdentifyPotentialPestsandIntegratedPestManagement(IPM)Resources

Identifypestslikelytocolonizethebuildingbasedonprojectlocation.

IdentifyandacquireresourcestoassistwithimplementingIPM(e.g.,state/countyextension,publicationsandonlineresources,nongovernmentalorganizations,pestmanagementprofessionalswithexpertiseinschoolIPM),includingtheproperidentificationofpests.

AP11.2IdentifyEvidenceofPests

Identifyevidenceofpests(e.g.,rodents,squirrels,termites,birds,bats,cockroaches).Notethelocationandidentifypest-contaminatedmaterials.Determinewhetherpesticides(rodenticides,insecticides,herbicides,fungicides)arepresentlybeingused.SeeMA11.1forminimumactionstoaddresspestinfestations.

Notes

• Areasthathaveasignificantpotential

forpestinfestationsincludeattics,

basements,crawlspaces,andaround

chimneys,mechanicalstacksand

plumbingcleanouts.

• Termitesandsomeothertypes

ofpestinfestationsoftenarean

indicationofmoistureproblems.SeePriorityIssue3.0MoistureControl

andMoldfordiagnosingmoisture

problems.

AP11.3AssessWhethertheSchoolHasanIPMPlan

ConsulttheschoolfacilitiesstaffandIAQcoordinatortodeterminewhethertheschoolhasanIPMplanandthedegreetowhichtheplanisbeingfollowed.RefertoEPA’sIntegratedPest

ManagementinSchoolsbrochureandWebpageformoreinformation.

MA11.1MitigatePestInfestations

Ifthereisindicationofcurrentorpastpestinfestationswithinthebuilding,seekassistancefromaprofessionalwhoensuresIPMpracticeswithhisorherpestmanagementservices(some

examplesmayincludeGreenpro,GreenshieldorequivalentlycertifiedIPMprofessionals).

Determinewhetherpesticideswillneedtobeusedandfollowtheschooldistrict’sPestManagementPlan/Policyforpestcontrol.Wheneverpesticidesareapplied,thepesticidelabelmustbefollowed,asitisthelaw.

Consider providingsignagetocommunicatewhenpesticideapplicationswilloccur.The signageshouldbepostedpriortotheapplication(e.g.,1week)andincludedateswhentheapplicationwilltakeplace.Encourageschedulingpesticideapplicationswhenschoolisnotinsession.

Donotbeginworkinpest-infestedzonesuntilinfestedmaterialsareproperlyremoved.Insomecases,professionalassistancemaybeneededtoremoveinfestedmaterials.

Note

Manystatesrequirethatpestmanagement

professionalsbelicensed.

MA11.2PatchOpeningsinAreasofRodentInfestation

Inareaswithevidenceofrodentinfestation,patchandsealexteriorholesthatarelargerthan1/4”by3/8”withpest-resistantmaterials(e.g.,copper

mesh,hardwarecloth,sheetmetal,concrete)beforeapplyingweatherizationmaterialsthatmaybesusceptibletognawingbyrodents(e.g.,caulk,foamorinsulation).

MA11.3ReducePotentialforPestEntry

Block,sealandeliminatepestentrypointsaroundthebuildingenvelope.Examplesincludegapsarounddoorsandwindows;betweenthefoundationandtheupperportionofthebuilding;andaroundutilitypipes,conduitsandwires.

EA11.1UseSealableExteriorGarbageContainers

Ensurethatexteriorgarbagecansanddumpstersaresealableandsanitized

regularly.

EA11.2PestResistantKitchenDesign

FollowdesignguidanceoutlinedforinstitutionalkitchensintheSanFranciscoDepartmentoftheEnvironment(SF Environment)PestPreventionbyDesigndocument.



http://epa.gov/pesp/publications/ipm/ipm_in_schools_brochure.pdf

http://www.epa.gov/opp00001/ipm/





PRIORITYISSUE11.0PESTS(continued)

MINIMUM ACTIONS (MA)

EXPANDED

ACTIONS

(EA)

ASSESSMENT

PROTOCOLS

(AP)

MA11.4BlockPestMovementThroughBuilding

Reduceriskofpestdispersalthroughoutthebuildingbysealingandblockingpassagewaysthatpestscanusetomovefreelytoobtainfood,waterandharborage.Thisincludesgapsaroundfloorandceilingjoists;penetrationsinwalls,floorsandceilings;andopeningsaroundshaftsandchutes.

MA11.5ProtectOutdoorAirIntakesandExhausts

Protectairintakesfrombirdandpestentry(e.g.,coveropeningswithcorrosion-resistant½-inchscreenorgalvanizedmesh).Similarly,protectexhaustventsfromrodent,birdandpestentry(e.g.,coveropeningswithlouvers).Avoidcreatingconditionsthatcanclogexhaustvents.Advisefacilitymanagerstoregularlyinspect,cleanandrepairscreensorlouversoverairintakesandexhausts(e.g.,atleastsemi-annuallyorwhenreplacingHVACfilters).Makesurethatrooftopairhandlersareairsealedtotheirroofcurbstoreducepestentry.

MA11.6MaintainExistingPestProtections

Donotdisturboreliminateanybuilding-relatedmaterialsthatareinplacetoexcludepests.

MA11.7KeepVegetationandClutterAwayFromBuildingandMechanicalSystemsComponents

Removeclutter,eliminatewoodpilesandwastenearthebuilding,andremoveanybushes,treesorothervegetationwithin2feetofthestructure.Keepvegetationawayfromoutdoorairintakesandoutdoormechanicalequipment.Donotpilesoilormulchagainstthebuilding’sexteriorwalls.

MA11.8SchoolIPMPlan

EnsurethattheschoolhasanIPMplan.RefertoEPA’sIntegratedPestManagementinSchools

brochureandwebsiteformoreinformation.TheIPMchecklistprovidedinEPA’sIAQTools

forSchools ActionKitalsocanbeusedasanexample.PreventiveIPMmeasuresareeasytoimplementandoftenimprovetheoverallmaintenanceoftheschool.Thesemeasurescanincludethefollowing:

• Maintaininggoodsanitationpractices

• Installinghigh-densitydoorsweeps

• Restrictingareasinwhichfoodiseaten

• Movingdumpstersandfooddisposalcontainersawayfromtheschool,andmaintainingthecontainersingoodcondition

• Pressure-cleaningfoodserviceareas

• Sealingcracksandcrevices

• Cleaningguttersanddirectingwaterflowawayfrombuildingtopreventsaturation

AsuccessfulIPMprogramtakesadvantageofallpestmanagementstrategies,includingprevention,inspection,communication,biopesticideuse,andjudiciousandcarefuluseofpesticideswhennecessary.

FollowIPMguidelinesforroachcontrolandconsiderusingbaitsoverbroadcastapplicationswhenpossible,toreducepossiblepesticideexposure.

ReferencesforPriorityIssue11.0Pests:

ASHRAEIndoorAirQualityGuide,Strategy3.6CDCResourceonRodents

EPAIAQToolsforSchools ActionKit:IntegratedPestManagementBackgroundandChecklist

EPAIntegratedPestManagementinSchoolsBrochureandWebsiteSFDepartmentofEnvironmentPestPreventionbyDesignGuidelines

U.S.DepartmentofAgricultureCooperativeExtensionSystemOffices





http://www.cdc.gov/rodents

http://www.epa.gov/iaq/schools/pdfs/kit/checklists/ipmcklstbkgd.pdf

http://www.epa.gov/iaq/schools/pdfs/kit/checklists/ipmcklst.pdf



http://www.sfenvironment.org/download/pest-prevention-by-design-guidelines

http://www.csrees.usda.gov/Extension/













PRIORITYISSUE12.0TRACKEDINPOLLUTANTS


AP12.1InspectFloorSurfacesatBuildingEntrances

Inspectallbuildingentrancesforwalk-offmatsorentrymatsystems.Noteaccumulationofdirtormoistureon

interiorfloorsnearbuildingentrancesthatmightindicateneedforwalk-offmatsorentrywayfloor-cleaningsystems.

MA12.1ProvideWalkOffMats

Providewalk-offmatstotrapdirtandmoistureatallbuildingentrances.Thematsneedtobelongenoughtoallowatleastfivefullstepsforpeopleentering

theschool(aminimumof10feetlong).Walk-offmatsshouldberegularlyvacuumedandcleanedaccordingtomanufacturer’sprintedinstructions.Matsshouldhaveanti-slipbackingsorothermeanstoreduceslidingandtrippinghazards.Matsshouldnotbeplacedovercarpetedareasandshouldhaveanimpervious,readilycleanablesurfacebeneaththem.

Note

Matsshouldbeperiodicallymovedand

allowedtodry.Matsinhightrafficareas

andovervinylflooringshouldbemoved

andallowedtodryfrequentlyduring

wetweatherconditions(e.g.,onadaily

basis).

MA12.2FollowEPAGuidanceonCleanlinessandMaintenanceinSchools

ProvideacopyoftheEPAIAQTools

forSchoolsActionKit:BuildingandGroundsMaintenanceChecklisttothefacilitymanager.

EA12.1InstallPermanentEntryway

Systems

Installpermanententrywaysystemsatallregularlyusedbuildingentrancestocapturedirtandmoisture,in

accordancewithASHRAEStandard189.1,Section 8.3.1.5orEPA’sIAQ

DesignToolsforSchools,EntryMatBarriers.Theentrymatsystemshould—

• Provideascrapersurface,anabsorptionsurfaceandafinishingsurface,insequenceinthedirectionof travelintothebuilding.

• Beaswideastheentrydoors.

• Haveanti-slipbackingsorotherlockingmechanismstoreduceslidingandtrippinghazards.

• Bedesignedforregularcleaningtoremoveaccumulateddirt.

• Notbeinstalledoveranexistingwalk-offmatorotherentrywaysystem.

ReferencesforPriorityIssue12.0TrackedInPollutants:

ASHRAEIndoorAirQualityGuide,Strategy3.5

ASHRAEStandard189.1,Section8.3.1.5

AssociationofPhysicalPlantAdministratorsOperationalGuidelinesforEducationalFacilities:CustodialEPAIAQDesignToolsforSchools ,EntryMatBarriers

EPAIAQToolsforSchoolsActionKit:BuildingandGroundsMaintenanceBackgroundandChecklist



http://www.epa.gov/iaq/schools/pdfs/kit/checklists/bldgmaintchklst.pdf







http://www.appa.org/bookstore/product_browse.cfm?itemnumber=691

http://www.epa.gov/iaq/schooldesign/controlling.html#Entry%20Mat%20Barriers



http://www.epa.gov/iaq/schools/pdfs/kit/checklists/bldgmaintchklstbkgd.pdf



http://www.epa.gov/iaq/schools/pdfs/kit/checklists/bldgmaintchklstbkgd.pdf










PRIORITYISSUE13.0BUILDINGPRODUCTS/MATERIALSEMISSIONS


IndoorContaminantsandSources

AP13.1ReviewContentandEmissionsDocumentationforNewProducts

Reviewinformationonthechemical

contentandemissionsforproductsbeingconsideredforpurchaseandinstallationduringthebuildingupgradeprojecttodeterminewhethertheycontainpotentiallyhazardouscompounds.Manyoftheseproductsandmaterials(e.g.,plywood,particleboard,pressedwood,insulation,paints,sealants,cleaningsupplies)maycontainVOCsorotherhazardouscompoundstowhichexposureshouldbeminimizedoreliminatedduringandaftertheproject.

MA13.1SelectLeastToxicMaterials

Wheninstallingnewproductsandmaterials,usetheleasttoxicproduct

ormaterialfeasibletoeffectivelydothejob.Forexample,useproductsandmaterialsthatindicatetheyhave(orarecertifiedashaving)low-VOCcontentorlow-VOCemissionsandfollowmanufacturers’printedinstructionsforuse.

Specifyproductsandmaterialsthatmeetindependentcertificationandtestingprotocols,suchasthefollowing:

• CaliforniaDepartmentofPublicHealth,EmissionTestingMethodforCaliforniaSpecification

01350,complyingwiththelimitrequirementsforclassrooms,regardlessofspacetype

• CarpetandRugInstituteGreenLabelPlusprogramcriteria,orequivalentstandardsforcarpet

• CollaborativeforHighPerformanceSchoolsHighPerformanceProductsDatabase

• GreenSealStandardGS-11

• GreenguardGoldCertificationProgram

• MasterPaintersInstituteGreenPerformanceStandardsX-Green,GPS-1orGPS-2

• ResilientFloorCoveringInstitute,FloorScore

• ScientificCertificationSystemsStandardEC-10.2-2007,IndoorAdvantageGold

• Insulationproductsthatcontainnoaddedformaldehydeandaremoistureresistant

• Ceilingtileswithlowformaldehydeemissionrates

EA13.1AirOutNewMaterials

Wherepossible,airoutnewmaterialsinawell-ventilated,cleananddryspace

priortoinstallation.Off-siteopeningofwrappedortightlypackagedmaterialstofacilitatethisconditioningstepisalsoacceptable.

EA13.2SealCompositeWoodProducts

Sealcompositewoodproducts(e.g.,particleboard,pressedwood)thatarenotcompliantwithCaliforniaTitle17AirborneToxicControlMeasures(ATCM)orthatdonotmeetSection6.1ofEPA’sIndoorairPLUSConstructionSpecificationswithasealantintendedtoreduceVOCemissions.Sealallexposedsurfacesandholes,asappropriate.Checkwithvendorsforrecommendationsonsealingtheirengineeredwoodproducts.

EA13.3InvestigateandCorrectContaminantSourceProblemsAfterBuildingModifications

IfodorsorcomplaintsindicateVOCsorotherairbornecontaminantsafterworkhasbeencompleted,removeanypotentialsources(e.g.,artsandcraftsmaterials,fiberglassthatmaycontainformaldehyde)fromtheroomorarea.

Ifremovalisnotfeasible,considerinstallinglocalexhaustventilationforsourcesthatareisolatedtoaspecificroomorarea,atleastonatemporarybasisuntilmaterialsoff-gassinghassubsided.Iftheseactionsdonotsolvetheproblem(e.g.,persistentodors,occupantcomplaints),hiringanenvironmentalprofessionalandtestingmaybenecessary.





PRIORITYISSUE13.0BUILDINGPRODUCTS/MATERIALSEMISSIONS(continued)

MINIMUM ACTIONS (MA) EXPANDED ACTIONS (EA)ASSESSMENTPROTOCOLS

(AP)

MA13.2UseLowEmittingWoodandCompositeWoodProducts

Wheninstallingstructuralplywoodorpressedorcompositewoodproducts,selectthosethatarecertifiedcompliantwithCaliforniaTitle17ATCMtoreduceformaldehydeemissionsfromcompositewoodproducts.If

CaliforniaTitle17ATCMcompliantmaterialsarenotavailable,usewoodproductsthatmeetSection6.1ofEPA’sIndoorairPLUSConstructionSpecificationsorcompositewoodproductsthatcontainnoaddedformaldehyde.

Notes

• CaliforniaTitle17ATCMregulationsrequirereducedformaldehyde

emissionsfromcompositewoodproductsandfinishedgoodsthat

containcompositewoodproductssold,offeredforsale,supplied,used

ormanufacturedforsaleinCalifornia.

• TitleVIofTSCAsetsnationalformaldehydeemissionstandardsfor

compositewoodproductsthatareidenticaltoCalifornia’sPhaseII

emissionstandards.EPAcurrentlyisdevelopingtheregulationsto

implementthesestandardsnationally.

MA13.3ProvideAdequateVentilation

EnsurethattheschoolmeetstheMinimumActionsinPriority Issues19.0OutdoorAirVentilationand20.0 ExhaustVentilation.

MA13.4PostConstructionFlushOutWithOutdoorAir

Afterconstructioniscompleted,ventilatetherenovatedbuilding/spaceswiththedesignoutdoorairventilationratesbeforeoccupancyresumes.EnsurethatHVACsystemsareoperationalandcapableofadequatelycontrollingindoorhumiditylevelsduringtheflushout.Do notconducta“bake-out”inanattempttoreduceVOCemissionsafterthebuildingisoccupied,becauseitmaycauseVOCstobeabsorbedbyotherinteriormaterialsandmaydamagebuildingcomponents.

If possible,followthepost-constructionflush-outrequirementsspecifiedinASHRAEStandard189.1,Section10.3.1.4(b),whichrequiresatotalnumberofairchangescorrespondingtotheventilationsystemoperatingatitsdesignoutdoorairflowratecontinuously,24 hoursperdayfor14days.Alongerflush-outperiodcanbeusedifthereareconcernsorcomplaintsaboutIAQaftertheinitialflushout.Additional,periodicflushoutmayalsobeneededforspacesthathaveintermittentorinfrequentoccupancyandarenotventilatedforextendedperiods.

MA13.5LimitVOCAbsorptionDuringConstruction

FollowguidanceoutlinedinMA 22.3toprotectabsorptivematerialsduringconstruction.

MA13.6LimitChildren’sandOtherOccupants’Exposure

FollowPriorityIssue22.0ProtectingIAQDuringConstructiontoprotectchildrenandotheroccupantsfrommaterialemissionsduringbuildingupgrades.

EA13.4PostConstructionFlushOutorPostConstructionBaselineIAQMonitoringPerASHRAEStandard 189.1

Afterconstructioniscompleted,meettherequirementsofASHRAEStandard189.1,Section10.3.1.4(b)foreitheraflush-outorbaselineIAQmonitoringbeforeoccupancyisresumedintherenovatedschool/spaces.A flush-outperiodlongerthanspecifiedinASHRAEStandard189.1canbeusedifthereareconcernsorcomplaintsaboutIAQaftertheinitialflushout.Additional,periodicflushoutmayalsobe

neededforspacesthathaveintermittentorinfrequentoccupancyandarenotventilatedforextendedperiods.

EA13.5PromoteTransparencyofChemicalConstituentsinProductsandMaterials

Topromotetransparencyofchemicalconstituentsassociatedwiththemanufactureofaproductandsubstancesresidinginthefinalproduct,requireproductsthathavesubmitted

theircompletechemicalinventorytoathird-partyforverification.Maketheverification/certificationbythethird-partypubliclyavailable.


http://www.epa.gov/indoorairplus/pdfs/construction_specifications.pdf







ReferencesforPriorityIssue13.0BuildingProducts/MaterialsEmissions:

ASHRAEIndoorAirQualityGuide,Strategies5.1and5.2

ASHRAEStandard189.1,Sections10.3.1.4and10.3.1.4(b)1CaliforniaDepartmentofPublicHealth,EmissionTestingMethodforCaliforniaSpecification01350

CaliforniaTitle17ATCMtoReduceFormaldehydeEmissionsfromCompositeWoodProducts

CarpetandRugInstituteGreenLabelPlus

CollaborativeforHighPerformanceSchoolsHighPerformanceProductsDatabaseEPAFormaldehydeEmissionsFromCompositeWoodProducts

EPAAnIntroductiontoIndoorAirQuality:VolatileOrganicCompounds

EPAIAQDesignToolsforSchools ,ControllingPollutantsandSourcesEPAIndoorairPLUSConstructionSpecifications

GreenSealStandardGS-11GreenguardGoldCertificationProgramMasterPaintersInstituteGreenPerformanceStandardsX-Green,GPS-1orGPS-2

ResilientFloorCoveringInstitute,FloorScore

ScientificCertificationSystemsStandardEC-10.2-2007,EnvironmentalCertificationProgram,IndoorAirQualityPerformanceTSCATitleVI–FormaldehydeStandardsforCompositeWoodProducts



http://www.cdph.ca.gov/programs/IAQ/Documents/cdph-iaq_standardmethod_v1_1_2010%20new1110.pdf

http://www.arb.ca.gov/regact/2007/compwood07/fro-final.pdf

http://www.carpet-rug.org/CRI-Testing-Programs/Green-Label-Plus.aspx


http://www.epa.gov/oppt/chemtest/formaldehyde/

http://www.epa.gov/iaq/voc.html

http://www.epa.gov/iaq/schooldesign/controlling.html




http://www.greenseal.org/Portals/0/Documents/Standards/GS-11/GS-11_Paints_and_Coatings_Standard.pdf

http://www.greenguard.org/en/manufacturers/manufacturer_childrenSchools.aspx

http://specifygreen.com/

http://www.rfci.com/

http://www.scscertified.com/docs/SCS-EC10.2-2007.pdf

http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/BILLS-111s1660enr/pdf/BILLS-111s1660enr.pdf



















PRIORITYISSUE14.0VENTEDCOMBUSTIONAPPLIANCES


AP14.1CompleteaSafetyInspection

Completeasafetyinspectionofallventedcombustionappliancesintheschool(e.g.,fur

naces,boilers,spaceheaters,waterheaters).The inspectionshallincludeobservationsforapplicablecoderequirementsincludingproperclearances,conditionofventing,assessmentofthepotentialforbackdrafting,integrityoffuellines,andsafetyofelectricalconnectionsandtheapplianceitself.

Forgas-firedappliancesandequipment,makethisassessmentusingapplicableinstallationstandards,includingthe

NationalFuelGasCode,ANSIZ223.1/NFPA54,theapplicableANSIZ21/Z83gas-firedappliancesafetystandardsandthemanufacturer’sprintedinstructions.Determinewhethergas-firedapplianceinstallationscomplywithSection9.3“AirforCombustionandVentilation”ofANSIZ223.1/NFPA54forproperventing,includinginfluencesofotherbuildingventilationandexhaustingequipment.

Foroil-firedappliancesandequipment,makethisassessmentusingapplicableinstallationstandards,includingtheStandardfortheInstallationofOil-BurningEquipment,ANSI/NFPA 31,theapplicableANSI/ULoil-firedappliancesafetystandard,andthemanufacturer’sprintedinstructions.

MA14.1Test,Repair,RemoveorReplaceCombustionAppliances

CompleteallapplicableactionsundertheAssessmentProtocolsandensurecompliancewithapplicablecodesandstandards.Testcombustionappliancesforproper

draftandventingunderworst-caseconditionsbeforeandafterworkthataffectsenvelopeleakageandairflows(e.g.,airsealing,insulation,additionorupgradeofexhaustfans).Repair,removeorreplacecombustionequipmentandaddressotherissuesordeficienciesasneededtomeettheapplicablecodesandstandards.

Note

Allequipmentremovalsshouldincludeproperdisposalso

thathazardousunitsarenotreinstalledorusedelsewhere.

Addressdepressurizationandpotentialbackdraftingproblems(e.g.,withcombustionmake-upair,faninterlocks,transfergrilles,jumperducts,louvereddoorsordoorundercuts)or,withtheschool’spermission,disable

theexhaustequipmentcausingtheproblemsprovideditdoesnotconflictwiththespecificexhaustrequirementsforspacesservedbytheexhaustequipment.Ensure thatcombustionappliancesareinstalledwithsufficientaccessforpropermaintenanceandareoperatingincompliancewiththeoriginalmanufacturer’sprintedspecifications.

MA14.2EnsureProperExhaustLocations

Ensurethatcombustionexhaustiscapturedasclosetothecombustionsourceaspossible,exhausteddirectlyoutdoors,andnotventedintootherindoorspacessuchasattics,crawlspacesorbasements.

MA14.3EnsureAdequateMakeUpAir

Ensurethatventedapplianceshavesufficientmake-upairtoreplaceventedairandmaintainnormaloperatingconditions.

MA14.4EnsureProperBoilerOperation

Ensurethatboilerfiringadjustmentsareworkingproperlysothatsootisnotdispelledoutoftheatmosphericdampersintoboilerrooms.Confirmthatboilersdonotreleaseblacksmokethroughthechimneyformorethanaverybriefperiod.

MA14.5VerifyInstallationofCarbonMonoxideDetectionandWarningEquipment

EnsurethatcarbonmonoxidedetectionandwarningequipmentisinstalledandmeetstherequirementsofNFPA720andanyapplicablelocalorstaterequirements.

EA14.1InstallPowerVentedorSealedCombustionEquipment

Ifreplacingcombustionequipmentlocatedinoccu

piedorconditionedspaces,recommendpower-ventedorsealed-combustionequipment.InstallnewcombustionequipmentinaccordancewiththeAirConditioningContractorsofAmerica’s(ACCA)Standard5.






ReferencesforPriorityIssue14.0VentedCombustionAppliances:

ACCAStandard5QI-2010:HVACQualityInstallationSpecification

ANSIZ223.1/NFPA54NationalFuelGasCodeANSIZ21/CanadianStandardsAssociation(CSA)andANSIZ83/CSASeries,ProductsandStandardsforGas,OilandSolidFuel

AppliancesandEquipment

ASHRAEIndoorAirQualityGuide,Strategies6.1and6.2

ASHRAEStandard62.1,Section5.7NFPA31:StandardforInstallationofOil-BurningEquipment

NFPA211:StandardforChimneys,Fireplaces,Vents,andSolidFuel-BurningAppliances

NFPA720:StandardfortheInstallationofCarbonMonoxide(CO)DetectionandWarningEquipment

http://www.acca.org/quality-standard/qi/

http://www.nfpa.org/catalog/product.asp?pid=5412&title=2012-NFPA-54-National-Fuel-Gas-Code&category_name=&target_pid=5412&source_pid=5409&link_type=edition_change

http://www.ul.com/global/fra/pages/offerings/industries/appliancesandhvac/gasoilsolidfuel/ansi/




http://www.nfpa.org/catalog/product.asp?pid=3111&cookie_test=1

http://www.nfpa.org/catalog/product.asp?title=Code-211-2010-Chimneys-Fireplaces-Vents-Solid-Fuel-Burning&category%5Fname=&pid=21110&target%5Fpid=21110&src%5Fpid=&link%5Ftype=search&icid=



http://www.nfpa.org/catalog/product.asp?title=Code-211-2010-Chimneys-Fireplaces-Vents-Solid-Fuel-Burning&category%5Fname=&pid=21110&target%5Fpid=21110&src%5Fpid=&link%5Ftype=search&icid=










PRIORITY ISSUE 15.0 UNVENTED COMBUSTION APPLIANCES


ACTIONS (EA)

AP15.1IdentifyUnventedCombustionAppliancesandApplicableRegulations

Identifyanyunventedgasor

kerosenespaceheatersorvent-freecombustionappliances(e.g.,ovens,ranges,labequipment,spaceheaters).

Determinewhetheranylocalorstateregulationsprohibitingthesedevicesapply.

MA15.1EnsureAdequateVentilationandExhaustinSpacesWithUnventedCombustionEquipment(OtherThanHeaters)

EnsurethatASHRAEStandard62.1requirementsforoutdoorairventilationandexhaustaremetforeachspecificroomwhereunventedcombustion

equipmentisused.Thefollowingunventedequipmentistypicallyfoundinschools,andeachhasspecificventilationandexhaustrequirements,perASHRAEStandard62.1.

• Foodpreparationdevices,suchasovensandrangesthatareoperatedtopreparefoodforonsiteconsumptionortotrainstudentsintheculinaryarts

• Unventedcombustiondevicesusedinlaboratoriesandclassroomsforeducationalandvocationalpurposes(e.g.,gasburners,Bunsenburners,propanetorches)

• Unventedcombustionequipmentusedinschoolsforcustodialandmaintenancepurposes(e.g.,naturalgas-orpropane-poweredfloormaintenanceequipment,forklifts,andtractors)

Ensureroomswherecarbonmonoxideislikelytobegenerated(e.g.,

kitchens,sciencelaboratories,vocationalclassrooms)areoperatedatanegativepressurerelativetosurroundingareas.EnsurethatnegativepressuresinkitchensinducedbyexhaustfansdonotexceedNFPA96Section8.3.1guidelinesresultingfromalackofmake-upair.

MA15.2RemoveUnventedCombustionSpaceHeaters

Withtheschool’spermission,removeanyunventedgasorkerosenespaceheatersthatdonotconformtolocalorstateregulations.Iftheheatersareusedastheprimarysourceofheatforaspace,replacethemwithelectricorvented,code-compliantheatingsystems.

Withtheschool’spermission,removeotherunventedheaters,exceptwhenusedasasecondaryheatsourceanditcanbeconfirmedthattheunitisincompliancewithANSIZ21.11.2.Advisetheschoolstafftoalways

followthemanufacturer’sprintedinstructionsforproperoperationandmaintenance.

Note

Allequipmentremovalsshouldincludeproperdisposalsothathazardous

unitsarenotreinstalledorusedelsewhere.

MA15.3VerifyInstallationofCarbonMonoxideDetectionandWarningEquipment

EnsurecarbonmonoxidedetectionandwarningequipmentisinstalledandmeetstherequirementsofNFPA720andanyapplicablelocalorstaterequirements.

Thiscellisintentionallyblank.

ReferencesforPriorityIssue15.0UnventedCombustionAppliances:

ANSIZ21.11.2Gas-FiredRoomHeatersVolumeII,UnventedRoomHeatersASHRAEStandard62.1

EPAIAQ:GuidanceonCarbonMonoxide

NFPA96StandardforVentilationControlandFireProtectionofCommercialCookingOperationsNFPA720:StandardfortheInstallationofCarbonMonoxide(CO)DetectionandWarningEquipment



http://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ANSI+Z21.11.2-2013


http://www.epa.gov/iaq/co.html

http://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/document-information-pages?mode=code&code=96









PRIORITYISSUE16.0OZONEFROMINDOORSOURCES


AP16.1IdentifyIndoorSourcesof

Ozone

Determinewhetherthereareorwillbesignificantsourcesofozonegenerationinthebuilding,includingphotocopiers

andlaserprinters.Determinewhetheranyair-cleaningorpurifyingequipmentdesignedtointentionallyproduceozoneispresent(e.g.,ozonegeneratorsandairpurifiers).

MA16.1AvoidOzoneGeneratingAir

CleaningEquipment

Donotinstallair-cleaningorair-purifyingequipmentdesignedtointentionallyproduceozone(i.e.,ozone

generators).Recommendremovalofexistingair-cleaningorair-purifyingequipmentdesignedtointentionallyproduceozone,ifpresent.

MA16.2ProvideAdequateVentilation

andExhaustinAreaswithOzone

GeneratingOfficeEquipment

Ventilateandexhaustprinting,copying,andreprographicsareasandotherareaswithofficeequipmentthatemitsozoneinaccordancewithASHRAEStandard62.1andtheprintedguidelinesprovidedbytheequipment

manufacturer.

EA16.1TestExistingOfficeEquipment

forOzoneEmissionsandMitigate

ElevatedLevels

Testforozoneemissionsfromexistingofficeequipmentfollowing

ASTM D6670.Repairorremoveofficeequipmentthatisfoundtoemitozoneatalevelgreaterthan0.02milligramspercubicmeter.

EA16.2InstallOzoneCapture/Removal

Systems

Recommendpurchasingoffice-equipmentfittedwithanactivecarbonfilterorotherozoneabsorptiondeviceorfittedwithadedicatedexhaustandheatremovalsystem.Theseoftenareoptionsavailablefromequipmentmanufacturers.

ReferencesforPriorityIssue16.0OzonefromIndoorSources:

ASHRAEStandard62.1

ASTMInternationalD6670-13StandardPracticeforFull-ScaleChamberDeterminationofVolatileOrganicEmissionsfromIndoorMaterials/Products

CaliforniaEPAAirResourcesBoard:HazardousOzone-Generating‘AirPurifiers’

EPAOzoneGeneratorsthatAreSoldasAirCleaners




http://www.astm.org/Standards/D6670.htm


http://www.arb.ca.gov/research/indoor/ozone.htm

http://www.epa.gov/iaq/pubs/ozonegen.html








PRIORITY ISSUE 17.0 ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO SMOKE


ACTIONS (EA)

AP17.1AssessSmokingPolicy

Federallawprohibitssmokingwithinanyindoorfacilityregularlyorroutinelyusedforkindergarten,elementary,orsecondaryeducationorlibraryserviceto

children.Localorstatelawsmaybemorerestrictive.Determinewhethertheschoolhasapolicythatprohibitssmokinginsidetheschool.Determinewhethertherearelocationswhereoutdoorsmokingisallowedonschoolgroundsandthedistancesoftheselocationsfromthebuilding’sentrances,outdoorairintakesandoperablewindows.

AP17.2IdentifyOccupantComplaintsAboutSmoking

Asktheschoolnurseandtheschool’sIAQcoordinatorwhethertherehavebeenoccupantcomplaintsaboutsmokingodors.

MA17.1EnsuretheSchoolHasaPolicyonTobacco

Use

Anyschoolpolicyontobaccousemustbeconsistentwithlocal,stateandfederallaws.Thepolicyshould

includeprohibitionsagainsttobaccousebystudents,allschoolstaff,parentsandvisitorsonschoolproperty,inschoolvehicles,andatschool-sponsoredfunctionsawayfromschoolproperty.

Iftherearedesignatedoutdoorsmokinglocations,ensurethattheselocationsareaminimumof25feetfromallbuildingentrances,outdoorairintakesandoperablewindows.

Note

Federallawprohibitssmokinginsideschool

buildings.Itisstronglysuggestedthattheschool

tobaccousepolicyalsoprohibitsmokingonschool

groundsandinschoolvehicles.

Thiscellisintentionallyblank.

ReferencesforPriorityIssue17.0EnvironmentalTobaccoSmoke:

ASHRAEStandard189.1,Section8.3.1.4

CDCGuidelinesforSchoolHealthProgramstoPreventTobaccoUseandAddiction

EPAIAQToolsforSchools:IAQReferenceGuide,AppendixF—SecondhandSmokeUnitedStatesCode,Title20,Chapter68,Section6083:Nonsmokingpolicyforchildren’sservices




http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/RR/RR4302.pdf

http://www.epa.gov/iaq/schools/tfs/guidef.html

http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/granule/USCODE-2011-title20/USCODE-2011-title20-chap68-subchapX-partB-sec6083/content-detail.html







Heating,VentilationandAirConditioning(HVAC)

PRIORITYISSUE18.0HVACEQUIPMENT


EA18.1InstallHigherEfficiencyFiltersateProperly

AP18.1ConductHVACAssessment MA18.1EnsureExistingSystemsOper-inNewHVACSystemsEvaluatetheconditionoftheexisting

HVACsystemcomponentsinaccordance Usehigherefficiencyfiltersupstream

withminimuminspectionstandardsof

Basedonanassessmentofequipment

ofallcoolingcoilsorotherdevicesASHRAE/ACCAStandard180,ASHRAE conditionandsizing,repair,modifyorreplaceequipmenttoensureproperHVAC withwettedsurfaces(e.g.,MERV11orhandbooks,orotherequivalentstandards higher),ifthenewequipmentiscapableandguidelines.

functionandcorrectrelateddeficiencies.ofphysicallyaccommodatingthe

existingHVACsystemmaybelimitedTheabilitytomodifyandadjustthe

filtersandhasadequatefancapacityTheHVACassessmentistoincludetoovercomethehigh-efficiencyfilters’byitsinitialdesign.Reviewtheoriginalanevaluationofwhetherthesystemispressuredrop.equipmentspecificationsandseekfunctioningproperly,basedonASHRAE

outsideengineeringassistanceasneeded.andACCAstandardsappropriateforEA18.2IncreaseFilterEfficienciesin

thetypeofequipment.Determine Ifmaintenance,cleaningorrepairsExistingHVACSystems

whethertheHVACsystemisproperly areneededtorestoretheHVACtoForexistingsystems,checkwiththesizedinaccordancewithASHRAEload properfunctioning,performthemmanufacturertodeterminewhetherinaccordancewithASHRAE/ACCAcalculationmanualsandhandbooksfilterswithhigherMERVratingscanorotherequivalentstandardized Standard180,ACCAStandard6,beinstalledwithoutintroducinganguidelines.Evaluatebuildingheating orotherequivalentstandardsandunacceptableincreaseinairflowguidelines.Ensurethatthereisaandcoolingloadsafterplannedresistance.Installfilterswiththe

modificationsandHVACequipment scheduledinspectionandmaintenance highestMERVratingthatcanbecapacitiesforsensibleandlatentloads. programforHVACsystemsinaccommodatedbytheequipment.accordancewithASHRAE/ACCAIfHVACreplacementormodificationisRevieworiginalequipmentanticipated,basesizingcalculationson Standard180.specificationsandseekoutsidepost-upgradeconditions. Forunitswithfilterstatuspressureengineeringassistanceasneeded.

switches,ensurethatswitchesarefollowing:Theassessmentshallincludethe

operatingproperlyandscheduledfor EA18.3EmployFiltrationandAirregularcalibrations. CleaningToSupplementSourceControl• Inspecttheairfiltersand

andVentilationWhenadjustingexistingHVACsystems,filtrationsystemforoverallfiltercondition,filterefficiency,particle refertoPriorityIssues19.0OutdoorAir Installfiltrationandgas-phaseairaccumulation,filterblowout,andair Ventilationand20.0ExhaustVentilation cleaningstrategies,ifappropriate,toleakagearoundfilters. forguidanceonventilationandexhaust supplementpollutantsourcecontrol

requirements. strategiesandtheperformanceofindicationsofmoldgrowth,excess

• Inspectairplenumsandductworkfortheoutdoorairventilationsystem

MA18.2ProperlySizeandInstallNew inremovingpollutants.Maintaindirtorobstructions.DetermineHVACEquipment theprescribedminimumoutdoorairIfreplacingequipment,basesizing

whethercomponentsandsystemsventilationratesifthisapproachis

calculationsonpost-upgradeprojectinstalledinplenums(e.g.,cables)

used(seePriorityIssue19.0).Considerconditions.

areratedforuseinplenumspaces.thelimitationsoftheairhandling• Inspectexhaustsystemforpropersystem,theamountandseverityofInstallnewequipmentinaccordancedirectionoffanrotation,corrosion,contaminants,andthefeaturesofthewithACCAStandard5andverifyexcessivevibration,blockage,orfiltrationandaircleaningequipment.installationinaccordancewithACCApressuredifferentialsthatcanleadtoFiltrationandaircleaningstrategiesStandard9,ASHRAEhandbooksleakageorflowreversals.maybeadvisableinthefollowing

guidelines.orotherequivalentstandardsand

conditions:

• Outdoorairoftenispolluted(e.g.,MA18.3EnsureMERV8FiltersinNew schoolslocatednearroadways)orHVACSystems consistently/seasonallyburdenedwithEnsurethatnewHVACsystemshavea highheatorhumidity.minimumMERV8filter,locatedupstream • Sourcecontroltacticsareinsufficientofallcoolingcoilsorotherdeviceswith oroccupantactivitiesgeneratehighwettedsurfaces,inaccordancewith contaminantloads.ASHRAEStandard62.1requirements.

• OccupantsrequireenhancedThereshallbenoairbypassaroundtheprotectionfromcontaminants.filtersandnoaircleanersdesignedto

intentionallyproduceozone.





PRIORITYISSUE18.0HVACEQUIPMENT(continued)


MA18.4RemediateMoldinAirPlenumsandDuctwork

IfmoldisfoundinairplenumsorductworkduringtheHVACassessment,followtheguidanceoutlinedinMA 3.2.

MA18.5ControlBacterialGrowthinHVACSystemsandMechanicalEquipment

FollowOSHATechnicalManual:Legionnaires’Diseasetoprotectagainstbacteriagrowthincoolingtowers,evaporativecondensers,humidifiers,hotwatersystemsthatoperatebelow140°F,firesprinklersystems,icemachines,andwarm-waterpipingforeyewashandsafetyshowers.

Note

ASHRAEhasaproposednewstandard

underdevelopment,Standard188P,“Legionellosis:RiskManagement

forBuildingWaterSystems.”The

newstandardwillprovideminimum

legionellosisriskmanagement

requirementsforthedesign,

construction,commissioning,operation,

maintenance,repair,replacementand

expansionofnewandexistingbuildings

andtheirassociatedwatersystems

andcomponents.Whenthisstandard

ispublished,itsrequirementswillbe

consideredaMinimumActioninthis

EnergySavingsPlusHealthGuide.

ReferencesforPriorityIssueReferencesforPriorityIssue18.0HVACEquipment:

ACCAStandard5QI-2010:HVACQualityInstallationSpecification

ACCAStandard6-2007:RestoringtheCleanlinessofHVACSystemsACCAStandard9QIVP-2011:HVACQualityInstallationVerificationProtocols

ASHRAE/ACCAStandard180

ASHRAEHandbook:Fundamentals

ASHRAEHandbook:HVACApplications

ASHRAEIndoorAirQualityGuide ,Strategy7.5

ASHRAELoadCalculationsApplicationManual

ASHRAEStandard62.1,Section5.8ASHRAEStandard188P(forthcoming)

ASHRAEStandard189.1,Section8.3.1.3.a.1

OSHATechnicalManual:Legionnaires’Disease



http://www.acca.org/quality-standard/hvac-system-cleanliness-restoration/

http://www.acca.org/quality-standard/qivp/



https://www.ashrae.org/resources--publications/Description-of-the-2011-ASHRAE-Handbook-HVAC-Applications





http://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/otm_iii/otm_iii_7.html









http://www.acca.org/quality-standard/qivp/

http://www.acca.org/quality-standard/hvac-system-cleanliness-restoration/




PRIORITYISSUE19.0OUTDOORAIRVENTILATION


AP19.1DetermineComplianceWithASHRAEStandard62.1VentilationRequirements

Basedonexistingdesigndocumentsandbalancingreports,orbuilding

auditresults,determinewhethertheschoolcomplieswiththeventilationrequirementsofASHRAEStandard62.1.Thiswillrequiremeasuringairflowsonsite.

Note

Someexistingventilationsystemsmay

notbecapableofmeetingtheminimum

outdoorairventilationrequirements

ofASHRAEStandard62.1because

ofcapacitylimitations,whereasother

existingventilationsystemsmayhave

sufficientcapacitytomeetorexceed

thestandard.

ASHRAEStandard62.1,Table6.2.2.1providesminimumbreathingzoneventilationrequirementsforvariousspacetypes.TheVentilationRateProcedurerequiresthatzoneandsystemventilationratesbecalculatedbasedontheseminimumrates.EachventilationzoneandeachsystemmustmeettheASHRAErequirementsforthebuildingtobeincompliance.

DeterminewhethertheventilationsystemsatisfiestherequirementsofASHRAEStandard62.1,Section5for

SystemsandEquipment.

MA19.1AdjustExistingSystemsToMeetASHRAE Standard62.1WherePossible

Adjusttheventilationratesofexistingsystemstomeettherequirements

ofASHRAEStandard62.1,wherepossible,usingtheVentilationRateProcedure.

IfitisnotpossibletoincreaseventilationratestomeettherequirementsofASHRAEStandard62.1becauseofequipmentcapacitylimitations,buildingspacelimitations,budgetaryconstraintsorotherreasons,theventilationsystemshallbeadjustedtoprovidethemaximumoutdoorairflowpossible.Theconditions(e.g.,heatingandcoolingloads)forwhichthesystemscannotmeettheASHRAEStandard62.1require

mentsshouldbeidentified,andthesystemsshouldbeoperatedtomeettheASHRAEStandard62.1requirementswheneverloadconditionspermit.

Note

ASHRAEStandard62.1alsoallows

aNaturalVentilationProcedure

inconjunctionwithmechanical

ventilationsystems,withafewspecified

exceptions.Whennaturalventilation

isprovided,effortsshouldbemade

toensurethatwindowsandother

ventilationopeningsareoperated

appropriately.EnsurecompliancewithSection5ofASHRAEStandard 62.1whereverpossible.

MA19.2ConsiderImpactsofBuildingEnvelopeAirSealingonVentilation

Avoidtighteningthebuildingenvelopetoreduceairexchangeratesifmechanicalventilationratesaredeficient.Ensurethatschoolbuildingsrelyingonnaturalventilationwillhaveadequateventilationafterweatherizationactivities.

EA19.1Replace/UpgradeExistingSys-temsToMeetASHRAEStandard 62.1

IfexistingsystemscannotmeetASHRAEStandard62.1,upgradeHVACsystemstoobtaincomplianceorcreate

asystemupgradeplantomeetASHRAEStandard62.1duringfutureupgrades.

EA19.2InstallMonitoringToEnsureAdequateOutdoorAirVentilation

Formechanicalventilationapplications,installpermanentoutdoorairflowmonitoringsystemsinaccordancewithASHRAE189.1,Section8.3.1.2.

Fornaturalventilationapplications,providemonitoringtoensurethatoperablewindowsandotherventilationopeningsareoperatedappropriatelytoensureadequateventilation.Thismay

includemonitoringindoorandoutdoorcarbondioxidelevelsandprovidingvisualfeedbacktobuildingoperatorsandoccupants.

EA19.3ApplyAdvancedVentilationApproaches

ApplyadvancedventilationapproachesthathavethepotentialtoreduceenergyuseandimproveIAQ,includingthefollowingmethods:

• Dedicatedoutdoorairsystems(DOAS)

• Demand-controlledventilation• Displacementventilation

• Economizers

• Energyrecoveryventilation

• Variable-air-volumesystems

Ifanyoftheseventilationstrategiesareused,ASHRAEStandard62.1VentilationRateProcedurerequirementsmustbemetunderallloadsandoccupancyconditions.





PRIORITYISSUE19.0OUTDOORAIRVENTILATION(continued)


MA19.3MeetASHRAEStandard62.1forNewSystems

DesignandinstallnewHVACsystemstomeetallrequirementsofASHRAEStandard62.1usingtheVentilationRateProcedure.

Note

ASHRAEStandard62.1alsoallows

aNaturalVentilationProcedure

inconjunctionwithmechanical

ventilationsystems,withafewspecified

exceptions.Whennaturalventilation

isprovided,effortsshouldbemadeto

ensurewindowsandotherventilation

openingsareoperatedappropriately.

EnsurecompliancewithSection5ofASHRAEStandard 62.1.

MA19.4CodePrecedentforVentilation

IflocalcodesrequiremoreventilationthanASHRAE Standard62.1requirements,thelocalcoderequirementsmustbemet.

ReferencesforPriorityIssue19.0OutdoorAirVentilation:

ASHRAEIndoorAirQualityGuide ,Strategies7.1through7.4,and8.1through8.4

ASHRAEStandard62.1,Sections 5 and6

ASHRAEStandard189.1,Section 8.3.1.2

EA19.4ImplementPreOccupancyVentilationControl

Forventilationsystemsthatservespacesthatarenotcontinuouslyoccupied,implementacontrolstrategytoprovidethedesignminimumoutdoor

airventilationrateforaperiodof1hourpriortoexpectedoccupancy,wheneverthespaceshavebeenunventilatedforaperiodlongerthan24hours.










PRIORITYISSUE20.0EXHAUSTVENTILATION


AP20.1IdentifyLocalizedContam-inantSourcesThatRequireExhaustVentilation

Identifyroomsorareaswithlocalizedcontaminantsources,including

thefollowing:• Kitchens

• Restrooms

• Lockerrooms

• Vocationalprograms(e.g.,welding,autobody,painting,printing,cosmetology)

• Soiledlaundrystoragerooms

• Artroomsandartstorageareas

• Copyandprintingrooms

• Areaswherechemicalsmightbestoredorused(e.g.,janitor’s

closets)• Spaceswherecontaminantsare

generatedaspartofprocesses,suchascookingandconductingscientificexperiments

• Areaswithhighhumidity(e.g.,showers,bathtubs,cookingranges,andcommercialdishwashers)

• Attachedparkinggarages

AP20.2MeasureAirflowandDetermineCompliance

Measureexhaustairflowsonaroom-by-roombasisanddeter

minewhethertheschoolcomplieswiththeexhaustrequirementsofASHRAEStandard 62.1foreachspace.

AP20.3AssessExhaustDischargeLocations

Determinewhetherexhaustsventtotheoutdoors.Inspectorverifythatexhaustfromroomswithlocalizedcontaminantsourcesdonotdischargeorleakintootherindoorspaces,ceilingplenums,parkinggarages,crawlspaces,atticsorwith

inwalls.

MA20.1ProvideLocalExhaustWhereNeededandMeetASHRAE Standard 62.1ExhaustRates

EnsureexhaustisprovidedforroomsorareaswithlocalizedindoorcontaminantsourcesasidentifiedinAP 20.1.IfASHRAEStandard62.1exhaustrequirementsarenot

met,repair,replaceorinstalllocalexhaustventilationtomeettherequirements,ensuringthatductsaresized,installedandventedproperlytotheoutdoors.Sealexhaustductworktoimproveperformanceandmaintainnegativepressuretoreducethepotentialforleakageintooccupiedspaces,plenumsorotheradjoiningspacesasspecifiedinASHRAEStandard62.1,Section5.2.Measure andverifythatexhaustairflowsmeetminimumrequirements.Ensuresufficientmake-upairforexhaustfans.

MA20.2ReduceCausesofComplaintsRelatedtoInadequateExhaust

Ifthereareoccupantcomplaintsrelatedtoinadequateexhaust(e.g., odors,moisture),ensurethatthefollowingareoperatingproperly:

• Mechanicalequipment,ductsandcombustionfluesareingoodcondition.Ductsarenotsubjecttocorrosion,blockageorexcessiveleakage.

• Thereisnobackdraftfromcombustionfluesunderworst-caseconditions.

• Exhaustfansaredrawingairandtheairiscomingoutofexhaustventsontheroofattheintendedairflowrates.

• Exhaustdrawscontaminantsawayfrom,ratherthantoward,occupants.

• Exhaustedroomisundernegativepressurerelativetothesurroundingspaces.

• Exhaustsystemisturnedon,outdoorairgrillesandairdampersareoperatingproperly,andadequatemake-upairisprovided.

• Outdoorairdilutescontaminantsfromallsources.Theventilationsystemshouldprovidesufficientoutdoorairtoalloccupiedspacesduringalloperatingmodes.SeePriorityIssue19.0OutdoorAirVentilation.

• Airflowpatternsprovideproperairmixing.

• Theexhaustsystemisnotsubjecttoexcessivevibration.

EA20.1PreventRecircu-lationofExhaustedAir

Ifexhaustrecirculationisevidentandifoutdoorairintakesarelocatednear

exhaustventsandalreadysatisfyminimumseparationdistancerequirements,considersystemchangesthatwouldfurtherpreventrecirculationofexhaustedair.

EA20.2MonitorExhaustOperation

Ifexhaustfunctioniscriticalforsafeoperation,suchaswithweldinghoodsorpaintsprayboothsineducationalfacilities,considermeasuringstationsandautomaticalarmstoindicateanoperationalfailureand/orfailuretoprovideadequateexhaustairflows.

ReferencesforPriorityIssue20.0ExhaustVentilation:

ASHRAEIndoorAirQualityGuide ,Strategy6.3

ASHRAEStandard62.1,Section5,Section6.5andTable6.5









Safety

PRIORITY ISSUE 21.0 BUILDING SAFETY FOR CHILDREN AND OTHER OCCUPANTS


AP21.1AssessSchoolBuildingSafety MA21.1CorrectSafetyHazardsIdentified EA21.1InstallEnhanced

Identifytheschool’shealthandsafetyrepresentativesandincludetheminallbuilding

DuringtheAssessments

Immediatelycorrecturgentandlife

CarbonMonoxideDetectionandWarningEquipment

safetyplanning.Documentsafetyhazardsthat threateningsafetyrisks .Correctothersafety InstallcarbonmonoxidewereobservedduringtheIAQwalkthrough, hazardsidentifiedduringthebuildingup- detectionandwarningequip-

energyauditorotherinspections.Immediate grades.Provideeducationtostaffandstu mentcapableofdetecting

lyrespondtourgentandlifethreatening dentsonsafetyconcerns. andstoringlowpeakcarbon

situations .Ensurethattheresultsofthesafe- monoxidelevels.Consider

tyassessmentareprovidedtotheschool’shealthandsafetyrepresentativesandthatcorrectiveactionsareconsideredaspartof

MA21.2CorrectDeficienciesWithFireAlarms,SmokeAlarms,andCarbonMonox-ideDetectionandWarningEquipment

integratingcarbonmonoxidedetectionandwarningequipmentintothebuilding’s

thebuildingupgrades. Havequalifiedpersonnelcorrectdeficiencies centralmonitoringsystem.

withfirealarms,smokealarms,andcarbon CarbonmonoxidedetectionAP21.2AssessFireAlarms,SmokeAlarms, monoxidedetectionandwarningequipment. andwarningequipmentmustandCarbonMonoxideDetectionandWarningEquipment

Ifcarbonmonoxidedetectionandwarningequipmentisnotpresent,installnew

meettherequirementsofNFPA 720andapplicablelo-

Determinewhetherthereareworkingfire equipmentmeetingtherequirementsof calandstaterequirements.

alarms,smokealarms,andcarbonmonoxidedetectionandwarningequipment.Determinewhethercarbonmonoxidedetectionand

NFPA720andapplicablelocalandstaterequirements. EA21.2InstallLightSwitch-esinStairwells

warningequipmentmeetstherequirementsofNFPA720andapplicablelocalandstate

MA21.3EnsureAppropriateStorageofHazardousChemicals

Recommendinstallationoflightswitchesatthetopand

requirements. Recommendappropriateandcontrolledstor bottomofallstairwells.

AP21.3IdentifyPrevalenceandStorageofHarmfulChemicals

ageofhazardouschemicalsandpesticides(e.g.,removefromaccessiblelocations). EA21.3InstallStepLighting

Considerinstallationofsafe-Determinewhereharmfulchemicalsarelocat- MA21.4PreventMercuryExposure tylightingonornearsteps.edandwhetherthechemicalsarestoredcor- Prepareamercuryspillresponseplanif Considerenergy-efficientLEDrectly.Includecustodialclosets,storageareas noneexists. lighting.undersinks,sciencelaboratories,hospitalitytrainingprograms,artlaboratories,foodlabora

toriesandvocationalprograms(e.g.,welding,autobody,painting,printing,cosmetology)duringtheassessment.Identifyallstoragelocationsforcleaningproductsandpesticides.Ifdeficienciesarenoted,seeMA21.3.

Preventmercuryspillsbyremovingallelementalmercury,mercurycompoundsand

mercury-containingequipment(excludingfluorescentlightingandcompactfluorescentlightbulbs)andreplacingthemwithnon-mercurysubstitutes.Contactaqualifiedprofessionaltocollectandproperlydispose

EA21.4RepairMalfunction-ingDoors,Windows,RoofsandFloors

Repairmalfunctioningdoors,windows,roofsandfloors.

EA21.5EnsureSafetyof

AP21.4IdentifyRiskofMercuryExposure ofallelementalmercurysuppliesand ElectricalSystems

Identifytheextenttowhichmercuryexposuremercury-containingdevicesandequipment.

Havequalifiedpersonnelen-

isariskinthebuildingorapotentialriskas Properlydisposeoffluorescentlighting, surethatelectricalsystems

partoftheupgrade.Scienceclassroomsand compactfluorescentlightbulbsand areinaccordancewithappli

storeroomsmaycontainsuppliesofelemental mercury-containingthermostatsthatmaybe cablecodes.

mercuryormercurycompoundsusedaslab partofenergyupgradeactivities.

reagentsandmercury-containinglabequipment,suchasthermometersandbarometers.

Mercurymaybeusedinotherdevicesorequipmentfoundinschools,suchasfeverthermometersandbloodpressuremeasuringdevicesinnurse’soffices,thermostatsandfluorescentlighting.Determinewhethertheschoolhasamercuryspillresponseplan.





PRIORITY ISSUE 21.0 BUILDING SAFETY FOR CHILDREN AND OTHER OCCUPANTS (continued)


AP21.5IdentifyFireExtinguisherLocations

Identifylocationsoffireextinguishersintheschoolandverifywhetherplacementmeetsapplicablelaws.

AP21.6AssessWaterHeaterTemperatures

Determinewhetherthewaterheatertemperaturesettingsarewithintheallowablelimitsofthelocalandstatecodes.

MA21.5CorrectFireExtinguisherDeficiencies

Ensurethatfireextinguishersareplacedaccordingtoapplicablelawsandcorrectasnecessary.

MA21.6AdjustWaterHeaterTemperatures

Ensurethatwaterheatersetpointsdonotexceedtheallowablelimitsoflocalandstatecodes.Otherwise,ensurethatwaterheatersetpointsdonotexceed120oFtopreventscalding.

ReferencesforPriorityIssue21.0BuildingSafetyforChildrenandOtherOccupants:

CDC-NIOSHSafetyChecklistProgramforSchools

EPAChemicalManagementResourceGuideforSchoolAdministrators

EPACompactFluorescentLightBulbsEPAHealthySchoolEnvironmentsAssessmentTool(HealthySEAT)

EPAMercuryReleasesandSpills

EPARecyclingMercury-ContainingLightBulbs(Lamps)

EPAToolkitforSafeChemicalManagementinK–12SchoolsEPASchoolsandMercury

EPASensibleStepstoHealthierSchoolEnvironments

MinnesotaDepartmentofHealth:MercuryFlooringTestingandMitigation:GuidanceforEnvironmentalProfessionalsMinnesotaPollutionControlAgency:DisposalGuidanceforMercury-CatalyzedPolyurethaneFlooringandSubflooring

NFPA72:NationalFireAlarmandSignalingCode

NFPA720:StandardfortheInstallationofCarbonMonoxide(CO)DetectionandWarningEquipmentNortheastWasteManagementOfficials’Association:MercuryUseinSchoolClassrooms:SummaryandAssessmentofNon-MercuryAlternatives


http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2004-101/

http://www.epa.gov/oppt/pubs/chemmgmt/

http://www.epa.gov/cfl/

http://www.epa.gov/schools/guidelinestools/healthySEAT/

http://www.epa.gov/hg/spills/index.htm


http://www.epa.gov/schools/guidelinestools/toolkit.html

http://www.epa.gov/hg/schools.htm

http://yosemite.epa.gov/R10/ecocomm.nsf/childrenshealth/sensible-steps-webinars

http://www.health.state.mn.us/divs/eh/hazardous/topics/mercury/hgflooringprofguide.html

http://www.pca.state.mn.us/index.php/view-document.html?gid=9065

http://www.nfpa.org/aboutthecodes/AboutTheCodes.asp?DocNum=72&cookie%5Ftest=1


http://www.newmoa.org/prevention/mercury/schools/MercuryAlternativesReport.pdf



http://www.nfpa.org/aboutthecodes/AboutTheCodes.asp?DocNum=72&cookie%5Ftest=1








http://www.epa.gov/schools/guidelinestools/healthySEAT/






PRIORITYISSUE22.0PROTECTINGIAQDURINGCONSTRUCTION

ASSESSMENT PROTOCOLS(AP)

MINIMUM ACTIONS (MA) EXPANDED ACTIONS (EA)

AP22.1AssessOccupan-cyDuringConstructionPeriods

Determinethenatureofbuildingoccupancy

duringconstructionperiods.Identifytheareasofthebuildingthatwillbeoccupied.Identifyanyspecialneedsofthebuildingoccupants(e.g.,elderlyfaculty,youngstudents,disabledstudentsandfaculty).Identifyspecifictimesofoccupancy.Identifyoccupantcomplaintsorconcerns.

AP22.2IdentifyContami-

nantsandPathwaysIdentifypotentialcontaminantsourcesfrombuildingupgrades(e.g.,activities,materialsandequipmentthathavethepotentialtocauseIAQproblems)andpathwaysthroughwhichcontaminantscouldaffecttheairqualityforthebuildingoccupants.

MA22.1MinimizeChildren’sandOtherOccupants’ExposuresDuringUpgradeActivities

Whenconductingactivitiesthatmayresultinexposuretoairbornecontaminants(e.g.,cuttingorgrindingmaterials,painting,installinginsulation)complywithlocallawsandadhere

totheSheetMetalandAirConditioningContractors’NationalAssociation’s(SMACNA)IndoorAirQualityGuidelinesforOccupiedBuildingsUnderConstruction.Minimizechildren’sandotheroccupants’exposurestoVOCs,particlesorotherairbornecontaminantsbythefollowingprocedures:

• Restrictbuildingoccupantsandworkerswithoutthepersonalprotectiveequipmentneededfortheworkbeingperformedfromtheconstructionarea.

• Separateconstructionareasfromoccupiedportionsofthebuildingusingappropriatecontainmentandventilationpractices.Ensurethatworkareasareproperlyisolated(e.g.,byconstructingasealed,rigid-wallairbarrierwithalockabledoorseparatingtheworkareafromoccupantsorisolatingsmallerworkareaswithaplasticsheetingairbarrier).Ensurethatworkareasareventilatedwithexhausttotheoutdoorstoprotectworkersandoccupants.Contaminantsshouldbecapturedascloseaspossibletothesourceoftheemissions.Workareasshouldbeunderanegativepressurerelativetosurroundingspaces.Ensurethatexhaustedconstructioncontaminantsdonotre-enterthebuilding.

Note

Ifnegativepressurizationintheworkareasisnotpossible,useanexhausteddoublewallbufferzonetoseparateworkareasfromsurroundingareas.

• Ensurefireegressrequirementsfromoccupiedportionsofthebuildingaremaintainedwhenisolatingworkareas.

• Donotconductdry-sandingwithoutimplementingcontainmentmeasuresforthedustgenerated.

• Ensuresufficientventilationandcuretimeofwet-appliedmaterialstoprotectoccupantsbeforere-entryintoworkarea.

• Establishvehiclestagingareasforloadingandunloadingmaterialsandequipmentatleast100feetawayfromoutdoorairintakes,operablewindowsandentrywaystothebuilding.

• Cleantheareathoroughlybeforere-entryofunprotectedworkersoroccupantstoensureremovalofanyduststhatmaycontainpollutants.Usesealed,HEPA-ratedvacuums.

• Followallmanufacturers’printedinstructions,whichmayindicatetheneedtoevacuatebuildingoccupantsandotherunprotectedindividualsfromworkareasduringandforsomeperiodaftertheuseofaproduct.

• Createspecificplanstocontainparticulatematterduring

demolitionactivities.• LimitIAQimpactofairbornecontaminantsreleasedbyroofing

materialsduringinstallation(e.g.,hotmopasphalt,seamsealingonEPDM,polyvinylchlorideormodifiedbitumenroofing).Establishisolationbarriersandkeeproofingmaterialsawayfromoutdoorairintakesorconductpollutant-generatingroofingactivitiesduringunoccupiedperiods.

• Promptlyrespondtoanyoccupantcomplaintsorconcerns.

EA22.1ConsiderandImplementAdditionalProtectionsAsAppropriate

Forsituationsthattheassessmentprocess

classifiedasrelativelyhighrisk,considerimplementingthefollowingoptions:

• Requirerigid-wallairbarrierswithsealed,lockableentriesbetweenworkareasandoccupiedspacesandprovidenegativepressurizationtocontaincontaminants.

• Createabufferzonearoundworksites.

• Restrictconstructionactivitiestooff-hours

whenfeasible.

• Conducttemporaryaircleaning.

• Stageconstructionactivitiesincontrollablesizes.

• ControlpressurizationandtheindoorenvironmentwithtemporaryHVACequipment.

• Vacatetheentirebuilding,whenfeasible.





PRIORITYISSUE22.0PROTECTINGIAQDURINGCONSTRUCTION(continued)


ACTIONS (EA)ASSESSMENT

PROTOCOLS (AP)

MA22.2ProtectHVACSystems

ProtectHVACsystemsfromcontaminantsduringworkactivities.

• Sealopeningsinexistingductslocatedinworkareastoavoidinfiltrationbydustanddebris.

• NewHVACequipment,ducts,diffusersandreturnregistersshouldbestoredinaclean,dryplaceandshouldbecoveredtopreventdustaccumulation.

• IfoperatinganHVACsystemthatinterfaceswiththeworkareas,ensurethatthesystemdoesnotpullreturnairfromtheworkareaandinstallairfilterswithaMERV8ratingorhigherduringconstructionactivities.

• Visuallyinspectductworkafterconstructionactivitieshavebeencompletedandcleaninternalsurfacesasneededtoremovedustanddebris.

• EnsurethatallfiltersusedduringworkactivitieshavebeenremovedandthatnewfiltersareproperlyinstalledbeforeoperatingtheHVACsystemduringoccupancy.

MA22.3ProtectHighlyAbsorptiveMaterials

Protectanyexistingabsorptivematerialsinplacebyfullycoveringwithplastic

sheeting.Fullysecurealledgesofthesheetingtoprotectmaterialsfromairbornecontaminantsandemissionscausedbyconstruction.

Scheduletheinstallationofabsorbentmaterials—suchasceilingtiles,fabrics,furnishingsandcarpet—aftermajordustandpollutant-generatingactivitiesarecompleted.Ensurethatmaterialshavenotbeenexposedtomoistureandaredrybeforeinstallation.

MA22.4SafelyInstallSprayFoamInsulation

Employsafeworkpracticestoavoidexposuretospraypolyurethanefoam(SPF).Followthemanufacturers’printedinstructionsforvacatingbuildingoccupantsandotherunprotectedindividualsnotinvolvedintheapplicationoftheSPFproductsfromthepremisesduringandforsomeperiodafterSPFapplication.Require andconfirmSPFtobeinstalledinstrictaccordancewithmanufacturer’srequirements.

Note

Thecuringtime(completereaction)ofSPFinsulationvariesdependingonthetype

ofproduct,applicationtechnique,temperature,humidityandotherfactors.While

theSPFiscuringitstillcontainsunreactedchemicals,whichincludeisocyanates

andproprietarychemicals.Manufacturersestimatethatitcantakeapproximately

1to3daysafterapplicationforthetwocomponenthighpressure“professional”

SPFsystemtofullycureandapproximately8 to24hoursfortheonecomponent

foamtocure.Exposuretoisocyanatesmaycauseskin,eyeandlungirritation,

asthma,andsensitization.Exposurestoisocyanatesshouldbeminimized.See

EPA’sSprayPolyurethaneFoam Webpageformoreinformation.

ReferencesforPriorityIssue22.0ProtectingIAQDuringConstruction:

AmericanChemistryCouncil:SprayPolyurethaneFoamHealthandSafety

ASHRAEStandard62.1,Section7.1.4.2ASHRAEStandard189.1,Section10.3.1.6EPAIAQToolsforSchools,IAQReferenceGuide,Section3–EffectiveCommunication

EPASprayPolyurethaneFoam(SPF)

SMACNAIAQGuidelinesforOccupiedBuildingsUnderConstruction


http://www.epa.gov/dfe/pubs/projects/spf/spray_polyurethane_foam.html

http://www.spraypolyurethane.org/

















PRIORITYISSUE23.0JOBSITESAFETY


AP23.1EvaluateRisks

Evaluateexistingandpotentialhealthconcernsandactivities.RefertoAppendix C:WorkerProtectionforrecommendedevaluationmeasuresandactions.

SeeAppendixC:WorkerProtection

MA23.1EnsureWorkerProtection Thiscellisintentionallyblank.

SeeAppendixC:WorkerProtectionforrecommendedactionstoprotectworkersafety,includingavailableresources.




AbbreviationsandAcronyms

AARST–AmericanAssociationofRadonScientists&Technologists,Inc.

ACCA–AirConditioningContractorsofAmerica

ACM–asbestos-containingmaterial

AHERA–AsbestosHazardEmergencyResponseAct

ANSI–AmericanNationalStandardsInstitute

ASHRAE–AmericanSocietyofHeating,RefrigeratingandAir-ConditioningEngineers

ASTM–AmericanSocietyforTestingandMaterials

ATCM–AirborneToxicControlMeasures

CDC–CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention

CFR–CodeofFederalRegulations

DOAS–dedicatedoutdoorairsystem(s)

DOL–U.S.DepartmentofLabor

EPA–U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency

EPDM–ethylenepropylenedienemonomer

ft2 –squarefeet

GPS–GreenPerformanceStandards

HEPA–high-efficiencyparticulateair

HUD–U.S.DepartmentofHousingandUrbanDevelopment

HVAC–Heating,VentilationandAirConditioning

HVAC&R–Heating,Ventilation,AirConditioningandRefrigeration

IAQ–indoorairqualityIICRC–InstituteofInspection,Cleaningand

RestorationCertification

IPM–integratedpestmanagement

LED–light-emittingdiode

MALB–MeasurementforSchoolsandLargeBuildings

MERV–minimumefficiencyreportingvalue

NESHAP–NationalEmissionStandardsforHazardousAirPollutants

NFPA–NationalFireProtectionAssociation

NIOSH–NationalInstituteforOccupationalSafetyandHealth

NIST–NationalInstituteofStandardsandTechnology

NVLAP–NationalVoluntaryLaboratoryAccreditationProgram

OSHA–OccupationalSafetyandHealthAdministration

PCBs–polychlorinatedbiphenyls

pCi/L–picocuriesperliter(inair)

PM–particulatematterppm–partspermillion

RMSLB–RadonMitigationinSchoolsandLargeBuildings

RRP–Renovation,RepairandPaintingProgram

SFEnvironment–SanFranciscoDepartmentoftheEnvironment

SMACNA–SheetMetalandAirConditioningContractors’NationalAssociation

SPF–spraypolyurethanefoam

TSCA–ToxicSubstancesControlActUL–UnderwritersLaboratories

VOC–volatileorganiccompound




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ASHRAE:HumidityControlDesignGuidefor

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ASHRAE:IndoorAirQualityGuide:BestPractices

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ASHRAE:LoadCalculationsApplications

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ASHRAE:ProceduresforCommercialBuildingEnergy

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ASHRAE:TheASHRAEGuideforBuildingsinHotand

HumidClimates,2ndEdition .2009.http://www.techstreet.com/products/1609865

ASHRAEGuideline02013:TheCommissioningProcess.2013.http://www.techstreet.com/ashrae/ products/1870180

ASHRAEGuideline1.12007:HVAC&RTechnicalRequirementsfortheCommissioningProcess.2007.http://www.techstreet.com/products/1573306

ASHRAEStandard62.1:ANSI/ASHRAEStandard62.1-2013.VentilationforAcceptableIndoorAirQuality.2013.http://www.techstreet.com/ashrae/ products/1865968

ASHRAEStandard180:ANSI/ACCA/ASHRAEStandard180-2012.StandardPracticeforInspectionandMaintenanceofCommercialBuildingHVACSystems.2012.http://www.techstreet.com/ashrae/ products/1832333


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Section 3

Appendices

ThecoretechnicalcomponentofEnergySavingsPlus

Health:IndoorAirQuailtyGuidelinesforSchoolBuild-

ingUpgradesisSection2:AssessmentProtocolsand

RecommendedActions ,whichreferencesthefollowing

appendicesprovidedinthissection:

AppendixA:ProjectPlanningandDeveloping

aProjectTeam

AppendixB:CommunicationandEducation

AppendixC:WorkerProtection

Theappendicescanbeusedtoassistwith

projectplanningandthedevelopmentofaproject

team,supplementtheinformationintheassessment

protocolsandrecommendedminimumandexpanded

actions,providecommunicationandeducationstrat

egies,andassistwithworkerprotection.At theendofthissectionarelistsofabbreviationsandreferences

citedintheappendices.




AppendixA:ProjectPlanningand

ProjectPlanning

Therearekeystepsduringthebuildingupgradeprocessthatcanprovideopportunitiestoreducecostsandleveragesynergiesor,ifnotaddressed

adequately,canincreasecostsandleadtofuturechallenges.ThesestepsareoutlinedinTableA1:

TableA1:ProjectPlanning

DevelopingaProjectTeam

ProjectPlanning,andaredetailedinSection2:AssessmentProtocolsandRecommendedActionsoftheEnergySavingsPlusHealthGuide.These keyplanningstepscandramaticallyinfluenceaproject’sdirection,costandoutcomesandhelpmaximizethe

impactoftheGuidetohelpensureasmoothprojectdelivery.

Table A1: Project Planning

IntegratedDesign Collaborationduringbuildingimprovementprojectscanallowteamstosolveproblemscreativelyandwithbetteroutcomesforthebuildingandforoccupantsthanthetraditionaldesignandconstructionprocess.

Inanintegratedprocess,projectteamsdefinethegoalsfromtheearlieststagesoftheprojectplanningandcarrythesegoalsthroughtobuildingoccupancyandtheoperationsandmaintenancephases.EarlyengagementofallresponsiblepartiesavoidsproblemsthatoccurwhenIAQistreated

asanafterthoughtandallowsforconsiderationofalternativedesignconceptsthatimproveIAQandenergyperformance.Includeanintegrateddesignapproachinthecontractrequirementsforalldesign,constructionandcommissioningteams.

RefertoPriorityIssue1.0ProjectPlanning/IntegratedDesignformoreinformation.

DevelopaProjectTeam CreateastrongprojectteamthatiscommittedtoprotectingIAQthroughoutallphasesoftheproject,frompre-designthroughbuildingoccupancyanduse.Establishingamultidisciplinaryteamatthebeginningisimportanttoreducedesignerrorsandprovideopportunitiesforcollaboration.Acollaborativeteamwillsavetheprojecttimeandmoney,aswellasensuringthatenergyconsumptionandIAQgoalsareaddressedfromthebeginning.

Scheduleregularfull-teammeetingstoreviewdesigngoalsandcollaborativelydiscusschallenges.Ensurethataschoolrepresentativeisalwayspresentduringprojectmeetingstoensuretheoverallprojectgoalsareguidingfactorsindiscussionandtoansweranyoperationsandmaintenancequestionsoftheprojectteam.

RefertoTableA2:DevelopingaProjectTeamformoredetails.

ConceptualizetheProject

AsoutlinedintheIntroductionofthisGuide,IAQisacriticalcomponentofschoolbuildingupgradesbecauseairqualitycanseriouslyaffectthehealthofbuildingoccupants,especiallychildren.Duringeachenergyupgradeorbuildingrenovationproject,considerwaysIAQcanbeimprovedandwaysthattheupgradesunderconsiderationcouldpositivelyornegativelyaffectIAQ.




TableA1:ProjectPlanning(continued)


CompleteEnergyandIAQAudits

Anenergyauditidentifieswaystoimproveenergyefficiencyinabuilding.AnIAQaudit,sometimesreferredtoasanIAQwalkthroughinspection,identifiesIAQissuesinabuildingthataffectoccupanthealthandsafety.Sometimes,whenequipmentupgradesoroperationalchangesarecompletedtoimproveenergyefficiency,IAQcanbenegativelyaffected.Forexample,performingenergyupgradeactivitieswithoutconsideringbuildingventilationcanleadtodecreasedairquality,condensationproblems,orelevatedhumiditylevelsthatcancausemoldgrowth.Theresulting

tradeoffforreducedoperatingcostfromenergysavingsisdecreasedoccupanthealthandsafety.ByperformingbothenergyandIAQauditsandincludingIAQplanninginenergyimprovementprojects,thesepotentialnegativeeffectscanbemitigatedwhilealsotakingadvantageofthesynergiesofenergyefficiencyandIAQ.

WhenplanningforenergyandIAQaudits,askwhethertheenergyauditorcanassistanIAQprofessional,suchastheschool’sIAQcoordinator,withanIAQassessment.Additionally,asktheenergyauditorwhethertheoutdoorventilationratesaresufficientandifthecontrolsarefunctioningproperly,asventilationplaysalargeroleinbothenergyefficiencyandIAQ.

RefertoAP1.2formoreinformationonIAQwalkthroughs.Anyfinaldecisionsregardingthe

projectscopeandplanshouldbemadeafterthewalkthroughandshouldensurethatmajorIAQ

issuesareaccountedforandaddressed.

IdentifyHazardousMaterials

Hazardousmaterialssuchaslead,polychlorinatedbiphenyls(PCBs),asbestosandmoldallposesignificanthealthandsafetyissuestobuildingoccupantsinoldorevenpreviouslyrenovated

buildings.Thesematerialsmustbeidentifiedpriortostartingworktoensuresafeconstructionpracticesareusedandthatthematerialsaresafelyremovedfromthebuildingasnecessary.Removingthesehazardousmaterialscanbeexpensive,andanyassociatedcostsshouldbebuiltintotheprojectbudgetduringtheinitialplanningstages.

RefertothefollowingPriorityIssuesforspecificinformationregardingpotentiallocationsofthese

materialswithinthebuildingandforremediationguidance:

3.0MoistureControlandMold

4.0Asbestos

5.0Lead

6.0PolychlorinatedBiphenyls(PCBs)

TestforRadon Radonisacancer-causingradioactivegas.Itisodorless,colorlessandtasteless,anditisaserioushealthandsafetyissuethatmustbeaddressedearlyinprojectplanning.Measuringradonlevelsinschoolsisarelativelyeasyandstraightforwardprocesscomparedtomanyotherimportantbuildingupkeepactivities.Mitigationofelevatedradonlevelscanbemoreexpensive,andanyassociatedcostsshouldbebuiltintotheprojectbudgetduringtheinitialplanningstages.

RefertoPriorityIssue7.0Radonfortestingandmitigationguidance .

DesignCharrette Overallprojectgoals,scopeandsystems-levelstrategyshouldbediscussedduringtheDesignCharretteorplanningmeeting.Duringthismeeting,designers,engineers,andschoolrepresentativesanddecisionmakersshoulddiscussstrategyandsynergiesbetweenIAQandenergyefficiencythatcanbeimplementedtoachieveoverallprojectgoals.TheCharretteshouldbeconcludedbyoutliningadefinedprojectstrategy.Thisstrategymayincludesome“wishlist”itemsthatmaylaterberuledoutbasedoncost;however,thegoalofthismeetingistostrategizetangiblemethodstoachieveaschool’sdesiressothatthefacilitymanagerandotherschooldecisionmakerscanmakeinformedfinaldecisionsaboutprojectscope.

RefertoMA1.1formoreinformationontheDesignCharretteprocess.






Owner’sProject TheOPRisaformalizeddocumentthatdescribestheschool“owner’s”projectgoalsandfunctionalRequirements(OPR) requirementsforhowabuildingisdesignedandbuilt.TheOPRisakeydocumentbecausedesign

andconstructionteamswillrefertoittoensurethatprojectrequirementsandgoalsareachievedbydesignandconstructiondecisions.Inadditiontotheprojectdesignandconstructionteam,theCommissioningAgentalsowillusetheOPRasafoundationforthecommissioningprocess,whichalsomakesitintegraltothequalityassuranceprocess.

RefertoMA2.2formoreguidanceandreferencedocumentsregardingtheOPR.

Commissioning Qualityassurancechecksareimportanttoconductduringanybuildingimprovementproject.Often,DesignReview/Quality qualityassuranceiscompletedthroughthecommissioningprocess.AlthoughsmallimprovementAssuranceDuring projects(e.g.,minorsystemupgrades)maynotwarrantthecostofafullcommissioningprocessDesign completedbyanoutsidefirm,largemultisystemprojects(orprojectsprovidingimprovements

throughoutthebuilding)canachievegreatvaluefromfollowingaformalizedcommissioningprocess.Fortheseprojects,acommissioningagentshouldbehiredduringtheproject’sdesignphase,andtheagentshouldseetheprojectthroughtocompletiontoensurethatallsystemsoperateandfunctionaccordingtotheirdesignintentand/oroptimumperformancelevel.Forsmallimprovementprojects,thesystemdesignandinstallationshouldatleastbereviewedbyacompetentparty,suchasafacilitymanagerorabuildingengineer.

Ifacommissioningagentishired,includecontractrequirementsforatleastonedesignreview,includingdrawingsandspecifications,toensurethatqualityassuranceandcommissioning

considerationsareimplementedduringdesign.Forsmallprojects,thefacilitymanagerorotherqualified,unbiasedpartyshouldperformthisreview.

RefertoMA2.4formoreinformationoncreatingacommissioningplan.

ConstructionKickOff Priortoconstruction,conductakick-offmeetingwiththefullteamtodiscusstheOPRandallMeeting applicablePriorityIssuesthatwillneedtobeconsideredfortheproject.Unifyingtheprojectteam

priortoconstructionensuresthatallteammembershavethesameunderstandingofprojectgoals,requirements,prioritiesandexpectations.

ConstructionPlanning: Ifpartsofthebuildingwillbeoccupiedduringtheimprovementproject,ensurethattheareasunderconstructionareisolatedwithappropriatepressurecontroltolimitconstructiondustandProtectingOccupiedotherpollutantsfromimpactingoccupants.Evensmallimprovementactivities,suchaswallAreasFrom

ConstructionPollutants penetrationsandtouch-uppainting,cangenerateindoorpollutantsthatleadtoIAQissuesandhealthconcerns.Beforebeginninganydemolitionorimprovementproject,createaplantominimizecontaminantsfromenteringoccupiedbuildings.

RefertoPriorityIssue22.0ProtectingIAQDuringConstruction.Additionally,refertoAppendix B:

CommunicationandEducation,whichincludesinformationtocommunicatewithoccupantsto

promotesafetyduringconstruction.

RetroCommissioning Retro-commissioningisaprocessofrestoringexistingsystemstooperateinaccordancewiththeirdesignintentand/oratthehighestperformancelevelpossible.Generally,retro-commissioningfocusesonenergy-relatedsystems,suchasadjustingHVACequipmentandthermostatsetpoints,adjustingdirectdigitalcontrolsand/orbuildingautomationsystems,reprogrammingautomaticlightingcontrols,realigningdaylightoroccupancysensors,rebalancingrefrigerantlevels,andrecalibratingventilationlevelsineachroom.Repairinganyoperationalissuesandfine-tuningsystemfunctionalitywillimproveIAQandoccupantcomfort,aswellasenergyandresourceefficiency.Theneedforretro-commissioningwillbeidentifiedduringabuildingenergyaudit,andretro-commissioningactivitiescanbeperformedbyanexperiencedcommissioningagent.

Formoreinformationonbuildingenergyauditsandretrocommissioning,refertoPriority Issue 2.0

Commissioning.

ImplementingJobsite AssessingandimplementingjobsitesafetyisimportanttoprotectvisitorstothesiteandthoseSafety performingworkonthebuilding.Tominimizeexposuretohealthandsafetyrisksonthejobsite,

seeAppendixC:WorkerProtection.






TestingandBalancingandOnsiteCommissioning

BuildingFlushOut

ProjectTurnoverandSystemsTraining

Oncompletionofbuildingconstructionandsystemsinstallations,onsitecommissioningtakesplacetotest,verifyandfine-tunetheperformanceofthenewlyinstalledsystems.Onsitecommissioningtypicallytakesfromonetoseveraldays.Often,thecommissioningagentconductingthetestswillfindinstallationissuestoaddress.Makesuretoworkwiththecommissioningagenttobuildtimeandresourcesintotheprojectscheduleforonsitecommissioningandforaddressinganyissuesfoundbythecommissioningagent’sinspection.

Fixingsystemsoutlinedinthecommissioningagent’sissueslogcandelayprojects,buttakingactiontofixanyproblemspriortooccupancywillimprovecost-effectiveness,reliabilityandlong-termperformance.

Toflushoutallworkspacesproperlywithoutdoorairpriortooccupancy,buildadditionaltimeintotheprojectcompletionschedule.Thetotalrecommendedflush-outtimevariesdependingontheprojectsizeandoftenrangesfrom2weekstoafullmonthtocomplete.Someperiodofflush-outtimeisbetterthannone.

RefertoMA13.4andEA13.4formoreinformation.

WorkingwithacommissioningagentfromtheearlyplanningphasescanhelptoensurethatthebuildingoperatesatthehighestpossiblelevelofenergyperformancewhilemeetingIAQgoals.Inthecommissioningagent’scontract,requirethedevelopmentofcomprehensiveoperationsandmaintenancetrainingandsystemsmanualssothatbuildingoperationsandmaintenancestaffcankeepthebuildingfunctioningatthehighestperformancelevel.

RefertoMA2.8andEA2.3formoreinformation.

SolicitContinuousFeedback

Buildingoccupants(e.g.,schooladministrators,buildingplanningmanagementteams,teachers,healthandsafetystaff,custodialstaff,andstudents)areagreatresourceforidentifyingIAQandenergyefficiencyconcernsbecausetheyuseandworkinthebuildingeveryday.Theseactivitiescanpromoteoccupantsatisfactioninthelongterm:

• EducatebuildingoccupantsaboutthetypesofissuesthatcouldaffectIAQ.

• Createaclearprocessforbuildingoccupantstosubmitfeedbackandconcerns.

• EncourageschoolstoimplementEPA’s“IAQToolsforSchools ”programactions,iftheyarenotalreadydoingso.

SeeAppendixB:CommunicationandEducation.

DevelopingaProjectTeam

Anintegrateddesignapproachisadrasticchangefromtraditionaldesignandconstructionpractices.Traditionally,eachdiscipline—suchasthearchitect;mechanical,electrical,plumbingandcivilengineers;andtheconstructionteam—wouldworkindependently.Duringplanninganddesign,thearchitectoftenwouldleadtheworkbycreatingtheoverallbuildinglayoutandthenpassthedesignontotheengineers,whowouldallworkindependently.Thistypeofprocesscancreatemajordesignerrorsthatgouncheckeduntiltheconstructionteamtriestoimplementthedesign.

Atraditionallyorganizeddesignteamdoesnotnecessarilyhaveameetingwiththeconstructionteam

toreviewtheprojectgoals.Evenifthedesignteamunderstandsthatenergyefficiencyisextremelyimportanttotheschool,thisinformationmaynotberelayedtotheconstructionteam,whichmaymakeinstallationorpurchasingdecisionsthatitthinksareequivalenttothedesignbutintheenddonotmeettheproject’sgoals.Table A2: DevelopingaProjectTeamoutlineswhoshouldbeinvolvedduringeachphaseoftheprojecttomaximizecollaboration,reducethepotentialformisunderstandingsandmeetthegoalsoftheproject,whichfirstandforemostprioritizesahealthyandpro

ductiveindoorenvironmentforchildren,teachersandallwhousetheschoolbuilding.




TableA2:DevelopingaProjectTeam

Table A2: Developing a Project Team

Project/Phase Key Personnel Objectives

Project Facilitymanagerorschoolrepresentative Identifyenergyefficiencyimprovementmeasures,Identification energyimpactsandIAQsynergiesandchallenges.

BuildingPlanningManagementTeams(GoalsandScope)

Schoolfaculty,staff,otherstakeholders(e.g.,

parentsandstudents,ifpossible)SchoolIAQcoordinator,riskmanager,andotherIAQteammembers

EnergyAuditororContractor

ProjectPlanning Facilitymanagerorschoolrepresentative PrepareforintegrateddesignbyincludingalldesignandDesign professionalsintheplanningprocess.Ensurethat

BuildingPlanningManagementTeamsschoolrepresentatives,suchasthefacilitymanager

Schoolfaculty,staff,otherstakeholders(e.g., andinterestedfacultyorstaffmembers,arepresentparentsandstudents,ifpossible) atdesignmeetingstoensurethatthedesignmeets

theprojectgoals.SchoolIAQcoordinator,riskmanager,andotherIAQteammembers Designatethefacilitymanagerorathird-party

commissioningagenttoreviewproposeddesignforDesignTeam,forexample—qualitycontrol.

• Architect• Interiordesigner

• Mechanicalengineer

• Electricalengineer

Commissioningagentorexperiencedschoolstaff

Construction Planinspector,fireauthority,etc. EnsurethatappropriatepermitsareobtainedandPermitting thatthedesignmeetsallapplicablebuildingcodes.

Construction Generalcontractor Coordinatewithcontractor(s)toensurethatdesignandspecificationsareunderstoodthroughout

SubcontractorstheconstructionprocessandthatIAQgoalsare

Facilitymanagerorschoolrepresentative achieved.

SchoolIAQcoordinator,riskmanager,andother Provideopportunitiesfordesignprofessionals,IAQteammembers contractorsandschooloccupantstocommunicate

IAQconcernsinatimelymannerduringDesignprofessionalsconstruction.

BuildingCode Codecomplianceofficials(perproject EnsurethattheconstructionprojectmeetsallInspections jurisdiction) applicablebuildingcoderequirements.




Project/Phase Key Personnel Objectives

Commissioning Commissioningagentorexperiencedschoolstaff

DesignTeam,forexample—

• Architect • Interiordesigner

• Mechanicalengineer

Theonsiteinspectionshouldbeperformedbyacommissioningagentorother,experienced,responsiblepartytoensurethatconstructionmeetsdesignrequirementsandallsystemsareoperating

properly.

• Electricalengineer

Facilitymanagerorschoolrepresentative

SchoolIAQcoordinator,riskmanager,andotherIAQteammembers

Generalcontractor

Subcontractors

OccupancyTurnover

Facilitymanager

Facilitymaintenancestaff

Custodialstaff

Schoolfaculty,staff,otherstakeholders(e.g.,parentsandstudents,ifpossible)


Trainmaintenanceandcustodialstaffonrequiredoperationandmaintenanceproceduresfornew

buildingsystems.HighlightthepotentialforsystemfailuresandtheIAQeffectsofsystemsthatarenotoperatedproperly.

Generalcontractor

Subcontractors

Manufacturerrepresentatives

MaintenanceandOperation

Facilitymanager

Facilitymaintenancestaff

Custodialstaff

Integraterequiredmaintenanceintothescheduleforthefacility.ProvideopportunitiesforregularoccupantfeedbackonIAQconcerns.

Schoolfaculty,staff,otherstakeholders(e.g.,parentsandstudents,ifpossible)


TableA2:DevelopingaProjectTeam(continued)

Table A2: Developing a Project Team




AppendixB:CommunicationandEducation

Renovationandconstructionprojectsinaschoolcreateuniquechallengesthataffectthedesignandconstructionprocessesandtheoccupancyphaseafterworkiscomplete.Thisappendixprovidesstrategiesforeffective,proactiveandresponsivecommunicationstohelpmaintainahealthyandproductiveschoolindoorenvi

ronmentbefore,duringandafterabuildingupgrade.Italsoisvitaltoensurestaffreceiveadequatetrainingonoperations,maintenanceandrepairafterenergyretrofitsandbuildingupgrades.Providingeducationtoschoolfaculty,staffandstudentsabouttheIAQgoalsofeachprojectandinformationrelatedtoproperoperationandoccupancycanhelptoensurethattherenovatedbuildinganditssystemscontinuetoworkasintended.Thiseducationreducescostsandriskstotheoverallprojectandthedesignandrenovation/constructionteams.Thisappendixoutlinesinformationabouttheprojectthatshouldbeprovidedtoschool

facilitymanagers,staffandstudents.

EffectiveCommunications

EffectivecommunicationscanhelptopreventIAQproblemsandallayunnecessaryfears.Inaddition,schoolsshouldrespondpromptlyandeffectivelytoanyIAQissuesthatmayarise.Effective,proactiveandresponsivecommunicationsareacritical,ongoingprocessformaintainingIAQintheschool.CommunicationcanhelpschooloccupantsunderstandhowtheiractivitiesaffectIAQ,whichwillenablethemtoimprovetheirindoorenvironmentthrough

properchoicesandactions.ProactiveCommunication

SchoolsandschooldistrictscanreapmanybenefitsfromtakingaproactiveapproachtoaddressingIAQissues.The positivepublicrelationsthatcanresultfromthisapproachcanleadtoabetterunderstandingofIAQbyschooloccupantsandthecommunity.Communicatingeffectively,bothinternallyandexternally,isakeyelement.

Buildrapportwiththelocalmedianow.AninformedmediaawareofyoureffortstopreventIAQproblems

andthatunderstandsthebasicsofIAQinschoolscanbeanassetinsteadofaliabilityduringanIAQcrisis.

CommunicatingthegoalsoftheIAQManagementPlantothosewithintheschool—teachers,custodians,administrators,supportstaff,theschoolnurse,students—iskey.Thefollowingstepscanhelpdevelopgoodcommunicationbetweenyouandtheschooloccupants:

1. ProvideaccurateinformationaboutfactorsthatareaffectingIAQ.

2. ClarifytheresponsibilitiesandactivitiesoftheIAQcoordinator.

3. Clarifytheresponsibilitiesandactivitiesofeachoccupant.

4. NotifyoccupantsandparentsofplannedactivitiesthatmayaffectIAQ.

5. Employgoodlisteningskills.

ThenecessarylevelofcommunicationoftendependsontheseverityoftheIAQcomplaint.Ifthecomplaintcanberesolvedquickly(e.g.,anannoyingbutharmlessodorfromaneasilyidentifiedsource)andinvolvesasmallnumberofpeople,communicationcanbehandledinastraightforwardmannerwithoutriskingconfusionandbadfeelingsamongschooloccupants.Communicationbecomesamorecriticalissuewhen

therearedelaysinidentifyingandresolvingtheproblemandwhenserioushealthconcernsareinvolved.

Step4dealswithinformingoccupantsandparentsbeforethestartofsignificantplannedactivitiesthatproduceodorsorcontaminants.Ifoccupantsandparentsareuninformed,theymaybecomeconcernedaboutunknownaircontaminants,suchasstrangeodorsorexcessivelevelsofdust,andregisteranIAQcomplaint.Examplesofplannedactivitiesincludepestcontrol,painting,roofingandinstallationofnewflooring.Notificationofplannedactivitiesalsocanpreventproblemsfromarising

withstudentsandstaffwithspecialneeds.Forexample,anasthmaticstudentmaywishtoavoidcertainareaswithinaschool,orusealternativeclassrooms,duringtimeswhenamajorrenovationprojectwillproducehigherlevelsofdust.AsamplenotificationletterisprovidedinthemodelpaintingpolicyontheEPA IAQ ToolsforSchools website.

Step5involveseffectivelistening.Schooloccupantsoftencanprovideinformationthathelpspreventproblems,andbeing“heard”mayhelpdefusenegativereactionsbyoccupantsifindoorairproblemsdevelop.

ResponsiveCommunication

WhenanIAQproblemoccurs,youcanbeassuredthattheschoolcommunitywilllearnaboutitquickly.Withoutopencommunication,anyIAQproblemcanbecomecomplicatedbyanxiety,frustrationanddistrust.Thesecomplicationscanincreaseboththetimeandmoneyneededtoresolvetheproblem.


http://www.epa.gov/iaq/schools/tfs/coord_append_b.html#Parental_Notification

http://www.epa.gov/iaq/schools/tfs/coord_append_b.html#Parental_Notification



ImmediatecommunicationisvitalandiseasiestifafewstrategicstepsaretakenbeforeanIAQproblemarises.First, ensurethataspokespersonisreadybyhavingaworkingunderstandingofthecommunicationguidancefoundinthissectionandabackgroundknowledgeofIAQasoutlinedinEPA’s IAQToolsfor

Schools IAQ ReferenceGuide.Thispersonshouldalsohavecompleteaccesstoinformationastheinvestigationprogresses.Becauseofthesequalifications,

theschool’sIAQcoordinatormaybeagoodchoiceforspokesperson.Second,establishaplanforhowyouwillcommunicatetotheschoolcommunity.Theschoolcommunityincludesalloccupantsoftheschool,parents,theschooldistrictadministrationandschoolboard,thelocalunion,andthelocalnewsmedia.

Payingattentiontocommunicationwhensolvingaproblemhelpstoensurethesupportandcooperationofschooloccupantsastheproblemisinvestigatedandresolved.Therearebasic,yetimportant,messagestoconvey:

• Schooladministratorsarecommittedtoproviding

ahealthyandsafeschool.• GoodIAQisanessentialcomponentofahealthy

indoorenvironment.

• IAQcomplaintsaretakenseriously.

Whenaproblemarises,communicationshouldbeginimmediately.Youshouldnotwaituntilaninvestigationisnearlycompletedoruntilfinaldataareavailablebeforeprovidingsomebasicelementsofinformation.Communications,whetherinconversationsorinwriting,shouldincludethefollowingelementsinafactualandconcisemanner:

• Thegeneralnatureoftheproblem,thetypesofcomplaintsthathavebeenreceived,andthelocationsthatareaffected;

• Theadministration’spolicyinregardtoprovidingahealthyandsafeenvironment;

• Whathasbeendonetoaddresstheproblemsorcomplaints,includingthetypesofinformationthaarebeinggathered;

•

Whatiscurrentlybeingdone,includingfactorsthathavebeenevaluatedandfoundnottobecausingorcontributingtotheproblem;

•

Howtheschoolcommunitycanhelp;• AttemptsthatarebeingmadetoimproveIAQ;

• Workthatremainstobedoneandtheexpected

scheduleforitscompletion;

• ThenameandtelephonenumberoftheIAQcoordinator,whocanbecontactedforfurtherinformationortoregistercomplaints;and

• Whentheschoolwillprovidethenextupdate.

Productiverelationswillbeenhancediftheschoolcommunityisgivenbasicprogressreportsduringtheprocessofdiagnosingandsolvingproblems.Itisadvis

abletoexplainthenatureofinvestigativeactivities,sothatrumorsandsuspicionscanbecounteredwithfactualinformation.Noticesormemorandacanbepostedingeneraluseareasanddelivereddirectlytoparents,theschoolboard,thelocalunion,andotherinterestedconstituentsoftheschoolcommunity.Newsletterarticles,theschoolwebsiteorotherestablishedcommunicationchannelsalsocanbeusedtokeeptheschoolcommunityuptodate.

Problemscanarisefromsayingeithertoolittleortoomuch.Prematurereleaseofinformationwhendata-gatheringstillisincompletecancauseconfusion,frustrationandfuturemistrust.Similarproblemscanresultfromincorrectrepresentationofrisk—improperlyassumingtheworstcaseorthebest.Ifevensimple

BEFORE PROBLEM DURING PROBLEM

Select & PrepareSpokesperson

DevelopNotification

Strategy

CommunicateImmediately

ProvideProgress

Report

ProvideSummary

Status Report


http://www.epa.gov/iaq/schools/tfs/refguide_toc.html







progressreportsarenotgiven,however,peoplewillthinkeitherthatnothingisbeingdoneorthatsomethingterribleishappening.

Evenaftertheproblemiscorrectlydiagnosedandapropermitigationstrategyisinplace,itmaytakedaysorweeksforcontaminantstodissipateandsymptomstodisappear.Ifbuildingoccupantsareinformedthattheirsymptomsmaypersistforsometimeaftersolving

theproblem,theinabilitytobringinstantreliefislesslikelytobeseenasafailure.

Remembertocommunicateafterproblem-solving;althoughyoumayknowthattheproblemhasbeenresolved,theschoolcommunitymaynotknow,sobesuretoprovideasummarystatusreport.Thefigurebelowsummarizesthemainstepsforresponsivecommunications.

CommunicationPrinciples

• Be honest, frank and open.Oncetrustandcredibilityarelost,theyarealmostimpossibletoregain.Ifyoudonotknowananswerorareuncertain,sayso.Admitmistakes.Getbacktopeoplewithanswers.Discussdatauncertainties,strengthsandweaknesses.

• Respect your audience. Keepexplanationssimple,avoidingtechnicallanguageandjargonasmuchaspossible.Useconcreteimagesthatcommunicateonapersonallevel.Peopleinthe

communityoftenaremoreconcernedaboutsuchissuesascredibility,competence,fairnessandcompassionthanaboutstatisticsanddetails;however,providesufficientinformationtoaudiencesthatarecapableofunderstandingmoretechnicalexplanations.

• Employ your best listening skills.Taketimetofindoutwhatpeoplearethinking,ratherthanassumingthatyoualreadyknow.

• Tailor communication strategies to your

audience.Usemassmediaforprovidinginformationandinterpersonaltechniquesforchangingattitudes.

• Involve school employees. Aninformedstaffislikelytobeasupportivestaff.

• Involve parents. Informparentsaboutwhatisbeingdoneandwhy,aswellaswhatwillhappenifproblemsaredetected.

• Involve the school board.Encourageboardmemberstoobservetheprocess(e.g.,takingawalkthroughtheschoolwiththeIAQcoordinator).

• Involve businesses that provide services totheschool(e.g.,exterminators,busfleetadministrators/operators)andbusinesseslocatedaroundtheschool,whichmayalsonegativelyaffectIAQ.

• Emphasize action.Alwaystrytoincludeadiscus-sionofactionsthatareunderwayorthatcanbetaken.

• Encourage feedback. Accentuatethepositiveandlearnfromyourmistakes.

• Strive for an informed public.Thegoalisforthepublictobeinvolved,interested,reasonable,

thoughtful,solution-orientedandcollaborative.• Be prepared for questions.Providebackground

materialoncomplexissues.Avoidpublicconflictsordisagreementsamongcrediblesources.

• Be responsive.Acknowledgetheemotionsthatpeopleexpressandrespondinwordsandactions.Whenindoubt,leantowardsharingmoreinformation,notless,orpeoplemaythinkyouarehidingsomething.

• Combat rumors with facts.Forexample,setupachalkboardintheteachers’loungeorinanothergeneraluseareaforrecordingwhatisheard.Recordrumorsastheyariseandaddresponses.Thenpassoutcopiestothestaff.

• Do not overpromise.Promiseonlywhatyoucandoandfollowthroughwitheachpromise.

• Work with the media. Beaccessibletoreportersandrespectdeadlines.Trytoestablishlong-termrelationshipsoftrustwitheditorsandreporters.Rememberthatthemediaarefrequentlymoreinterestedinpoliticsthaninscience,moreinterestedinsimplicitythancomplexity,andmoreinterestedindangerthansafety.




PriorityIAQConcernsandIAQConsiderationsAftertheBuildingUpgrade

This sectionisorganizedbyIAQconcerns(e.g.,mois

turecontrol,asbestos,lead),inthesameorderasin

theAssessmentProtocolsandRecommendedActions

ofSection2ofthisEnergySavingsPlusHealthGuide.

Each IAQ concernisbrokendownintotwocolumns:

• HealthEffectsandPotentialExposureLocations:

ThiscolumnexplainshoweachIAQconcerncannegativelyaffecthealthandidentifiescommon

locationswithinschoolswherethepriorityIAQ

concernmaybefound.Italsopointstotheappro

priatePriorityIssue(s)forfurtherreading.

• IAQConsiderationsAftertheBuildingUpgrade: Acriticalpartoftheeducationprocessoccursdurinbuildingturnover,whenfacilitymanagersandstaffaretrainedinhowtoproperlyoperatethenewbuildinganditssystems.This columnprovideseducationalinformationforfacilitymanagersandstaffonIAQconcernstoinspectforregularly,systemandbuildingoperationsreminderstopromotehealthyIAQthroughoperationalpractices,and

opportunitiestoengageandeducateotherschooloccupantsaboutprotectingIAQ.

ThefollowingiconisusedinAppendixB:

Indicatesanopportunitytocommunicateimportantmessagesviaasignorplacardinthebuilding.

Priority IAQConcern

Health Effects and PotentialExposure Locations

IAQ Considerations After the Building Upgrade

MoistureControlandMold

HealthEffects

Moldexposurecanbothcauseandexacerbaterespiratory-related

healthissues,suchasallergicreactionsandasthma.

PotentialExposureLocations

Moldcangrowinanyareawithlong-termmoistureexposure,includingexposurefromlargespills,equipmentoverflowsorplumbingleaks;leakagethroughroofs,windowsoropeningsinthebuildingenvelope;seepagefromimproperlyslopedsites;orspaceswithhighhumidity,suchaslockerrooms,crawlspacesandbasementstorageareas.

RegularInspections

Schoolstaffshouldregularlyinspectbathrooms,lockerrooms,sciencelaboratoriesandotherroomswithhighhumiditylevelsorpotentialfor

condensationorplumbingleaks.

SystemandBuildingOperations

OperatetheHVACsystemanduseadditionaldehumidificationifnecessarytokeeprelativehumiditylevelsbelow60%,ideallybetween30%and50%,ifpossible.Relativehumiditylevelsabove60%cancreateanenvironmentconducivetomoldgrowth.

Indooraircanbecometoodryforoccupantcomfortandhealthduringtheheatingseason,particularlyinnorthernandhigh-altitudelocations.Ensuretheregularlyscheduledmaintenanceofhumidificationequipmentandcontrolsinstalledtomaintainalowrelativehumiditylimit(e.g.,30%).Improperlymaintainedhumidificationequipmentcanleadtomicrobiologicalproblems.

AdministratorandStaffEducation

FurtherReading

PriorityIssue3.0MoistureControlandMold

TheEPAcourse“IntroductiontoMoldandMoldRemediationforEnvironmentalandPublicHealthProfessionals”providesanoverviewofmoldpreventionandmoldremediation.ItisbasedonEPA'svoluntaryguidancedocument“MoldRemediationinSchoolsandCommercialBuildings.”Public healthandenvironmentalhealthprofessionalswhoareinvolvedwithmoldissuesmaybeinterestedinthiscourse.Buildingmanagers,custodians,remediators,contractorsandotherprofessionalswhorespondtomoldproblemsalsomaywanttorefertothiscourse.

OccupantFeedback

Ensurethatschooladministrators,staffandstudentsknowwhomtonotifyiftheyseespills,leaks,condensation,orothersignsofstandingmoistureormoisturedamage.

Complaintsofmustyodorsalsomayindicatemoistureorcondensation

issuesandshouldbeinvestigated.

StudentEducationOpportunitiesforTeachers

Teachstudentsaboutthelinkbetweenmoldandmoistureandtheassociatedhealthrisks.SeeEPA’sTeacherResourcesandLessonPlanswebsiteforalinktotheeducationalmaterial,“HoldtheMold.”


http://www.epa.gov/mold/moldcourse/


http://www.epa.gov/students/teachers.html






Priority IAQConcern



Asbestos HealthEffects

Exposuretoasbestoscancauselungcancer,mesothelioma(canceroftheliningofthechestandabdominalcavity)andasbestosis,inwhichthelungsbecomescarredwithfibroustissue.a

PotentialExposureLocationsAsbestosisanaturallyoccurringmineralfiberthathasbeenusedinawidevarietyofproductsasaninsulatorandfire-retardant.Possiblesourcesofasbestosincludethefollowing:

• Insulationinatticsandattic-likespaces(e.g., vermiculite).

• Wallinsulation(e.g.,vermiculite,insulationblocks).

• Hotwaterandsteampipescoatedwithasbestosmaterialorcoveredwithanasbestos

blanketortape.• Oilandcoalfurnacesand

doorgasketswithasbestosinsulation.

• Vinylflooring(including9"-by-9"or12"-by-12"floortiles,vinylsheetflooring,andthemasticsandotheradhesivesusedtosecuretheflooring).

• Cementsheet,millboardandpaperusedasinsulationaroundfurnacesandwood-orcoal-burningappliances.

• Soundproofingordecorativesurfacematerialssprayedonwallsorceilings,includingpopcornceilings.

• Patching,jointcompoundsandtexturedpaintsonwallsandceilings.

• Roofing,shinglesandsiding(includingcementoradhesives).

• Transite(cementandasbestos)combustionventortransiteflue.

• Originalplasterorplasterthat

isoldenoughtopotentiallycontainasbestos.

FurtherReading

PriorityIssue4.0Asbestos

RegularInspections

Asrequiredunder40CFRPart763,SubpartE,asbestos-containingmaterial(ACM)withintheschoolshouldbeperiodicallyinspected(every6months)toensureitisundisturbedandundamaged.


Ensuretheschool’sAHERAasbestosmanagementplanismaintainedinaccordancewithfederallawpursuantto40CFRPart763,SubpartE.


Asrequiredunder40CFRPart763,SubpartE,ifthepresenceofasbestoshasbeendocumentedintheschool,ensurethatschooladministrators,staffandtheschoolnurseareeducatedonthedangersofasbestosandareawareofareaswhereACMmaybefoundsotheycannotifythefacilitymanagerofsignsofdamageordisturbance.

a. EPA,Asbestos,LearnAboutAsbestos


http://www2.epa.gov/asbestos/learn-about-asbestos

http://www2.epa.gov/asbestos/learn-about-asbestos



Priority IAQConcern



Lead HealthEffects

Exposuretoleadcancauselearningdifficulties,behaviorproblems,hearingdamage,andinextremecases,seizuresordeath.Childrenyoungerthan6yearsofageandpregnantwomenareatgreatestriskandshouldnotbe

exposedtoleadunderanycircumstances.b


Leadwascommonlyusedinpaintbeforethe1978ConsumerProductsSafetyCommissionbanonlead-basedpaintforapplicationsforwhichconsumersmaybeexposed.

School-relatedsourcesofleadincludeflakingorpeelinglead-basedpaintonthebuildinginteriorandexterior,leadindust,leadinsoil,andleadindrinkingwater.

Note

Ifthereareconcernsaboutleadindrinkingwater,seeEPA’sweb- siteDrinkingWaterinSchools&ChildCareFacilities

FurtherReading

PriorityIssue5.0Lead

RegularInspections

Regularlyinspectknownlocationsoflead,especiallylead-basedpaint,forsignsofwear,damageorflaking;promptlyandsafelyaddressanydeterioration.Priortorepairormaintenanceactivitythatmaydisturbpaint,thepaintmustbeassessedtodeterminewhetheritislead-basedorassumedtobelead-based,andproper(required)precautionsmustbetaken.SeePriorityIssue5.0Lead.

AdministratorandStaffEducationIfthepresenceofleadhasbeendocumentedintheschool,ensurethatschooladministrators,staffandtheschoolnurseareeducatedonthedangersofleadandareaswhereleadmaybefoundsothattheycannotifyfacilitymanagersofsignsofdamageordisturbance.


Educatestudentsaboutthehealtheffectsoflead.SeeEPA’sTeacherResourcesandLessonPlanswebsiteforresourcesonlead.http://www.epa.gov/students/teachers.html

b.EPA,IndoorAirQuality,LeadHealthEffects





http://www.epa.gov/iaq/lead.html#Health_Effects







Priority IAQConcern



Polychlorinat-edBiphenyls(PCBs)

Radon

HealthEffects

PCBshavebeenshowntocauseavarietyofadversehealtheffects,includingeffectsontheimmunesystem,reproductivesystem,nervoussystemandendocrinesysteminanimals.PCBsalsohavebeenshowntocausecancerin

animals.Studiesinhumansprovidesupportiveevidenceforthepotentialcarcinogenicandnon-carcinogeniceffectsofPCBs.c


PCBsweremanufactureddomesticallyfrom1929until1979,whenEPAbannedtheprocessingoruseofPCBs,exceptintotallyenclosedequipment.d

PCBscanbefoundinolderbuildingsinfluorescentlightballastcapacitorsandpottingmaterial,electricaltransformers,window

caulking,rubberizedpaintformulations,andsoilnearthebuilding.

FurtherReading

PriorityIssue6.0PolychlorinatedBiphenyls(PCBs)

HealthEffects

IntheUnitedStates,radonistheleadingcauseoflungcanceramongnonsmokersandthesecond-leadingcauseoflungcanceroverall(aftersmoking),accountingfor21,000deathsannually.f


Radonisanaturallyoccurring,radioactivecomponentinsoilgasthatentersbuildingsthroughfloorsandwallsthatareincontactwiththeground.Forschools,EPArecommendsradontestingforallfrequentlyoccupiedroomsincontactwiththeground.

FurtherReading

PriorityIssue7.0Radon

RegularInspections

IfPCB-containingballastswerenotreplacedaspartofthebuildingimprovementproject,inspectthemregularlyforanysignsofwearordamage.


Intact,operationalballastsmaynotposeahealthriskorenvironmentalhazard;however,giventhatPCB-containingballastshavenotbeen

manufactureddomesticallysince1979,thetypicallifeexpectancyofmagneticfluorescentlightballasts(10to15years)hasbeenwellexceeded.e

Also,PCB-containingballastsmaylackthermaloverloadprotection,increasingthepossibilityoffiresorleaks.ThehazardcanbeworsenediftheballastsaremishandledbypersonnelwhoareunawareofthepresenceofPCBsinthelightingballasts.


EnsurethatteachersandadministratorsunderstandwherePCB-containingballastsarelocatedsotheycanwarnthefacilitymanagerofdamage.


EducatestudentsaboutPCBs.SeeEPAFactSheetsforSchoolsand

TeachersAboutPCB-ContaminatedCaulk.AlsoseeEPA’sPCB-ContainingLightBallastsWebpage.

RegularInspections

Theonlywaytodeterminewhetherschoolshaveelevatedradonlevelsistoperformradontesting.

Ifradonmitigationstrategieswereimplementedfortheschool,periodicallychecktoensurethatradonmitigationsystemsareoperatingproperlyandthatventilationsystemsareprovidingtherequiredamountofoutdoorventilationair.Biennialretestingforradonshouldbeperformedinallareasoftheschoolsthathavebeenmitigated.


Educatestudentsaboutthehealtheffectsofradon.SeeEPA’sTeacherResourcesandLessonPlansWebpageforresourcesonradon.

Also,seeEPA’sRadonKids, StudentsandTeachersWebpageforeducationalinformationandopportunitiesincludingthenationalradonpostercontestforstudents.

c.EPA,PCBs,HealthEffectsofPCBsd.EPA,PCBs,BasicInformation

e.EPA,PCBs,PCB-ContainingFluorescentLightBallasts(FLBs)inSchoolBuildings

f.EPA,Radon,HealthRisks





http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/hazard/tsd/pcbs/pubs/ballasts.htm




http://www.epa.gov/radon/justforkids.html

http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/hazard/tsd/pcbs/pubs/effects.htm

http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/hazard/tsd/pcbs/pubs/about.htm


http://www.epa.gov/radon/healthrisks.html













Priority IAQConcern



Belowground HealthEffects RegularInspectionsVaporFormingContaminants(ExceptRadon)

Commonbelowgroundcontaminantsincludethefollowing:

VolatileOrganicCompounds(VOCs)fromgasolinecomponents(benzene);drycleaninganddegreasingsolvents,suchasperchloroethyleneandtrichloro

ethylene;andbuildingproducts,suchasadhesives,sealants,paintsandcoatings.

VOCscancauseeye,noseandthroatirritation;headaches,fatigue,dizziness,lossofcoordinationandnausea;anddamagetotheliver,kidneyandcentralnervoussystem.Someorganicscancausecancerinanimals;somearesuspectedorknowntocausecancerinhumansandhavebeenassociatedwithbirthdefects.g

Petroleumhydrocarbonsinsoilscanbecausedbyspillsorleaks

fromoilandfuelstoragetankscommonlyassociatedwithgasstationsorfuelstoragetanksystemsandpiping.

Petroleumhydrocarbonsincludemanycompounds,eachhavingdifferenthealtheffects.Healtheffectscanincludeheadachesanddizzinessfromairborneexposure;numbnessinthefeetandlegs;andvariouseffectsontheblood,immunesystem,lungs,skinandeyes.h

Metals:Althoughlowbackgroundlevelsofmetalsmaynotrepre

sentahealthconcern,elevatedlevelsofsomemetalsinsoilarefrequentlyencounteredacrossthecountry,particularlyinurbanareas,andsome(suchasmercury)canformahazardousvapor.


Belowgroundcontaminantscanaffectsoilandgroundwater,bothofwhichcanallowcontaminantstoenterbuildingsviadirectseepageorvapormigrationthroughbuildingassembliesincontactwiththeground,bytrackinginonshoes,ordirectskin/mouth/nosecontact

withsuchsoilsorrelateddusts.FurtherReading

PriorityIssue8.0BelowgroundVapor-FormingContaminants

Ifaventingsystemisinstalledtoreducevaporintrusion,performancemonitoringofthesystemisequallyimportant.

Ifresidualundergroundsoilandgroundwatercontaminationexists,theschoolshouldretainanexperiencedenvironmentalprofessionaltodevelopalong-termmonitoringplanandperiodicallycompletetestingaroundtheschooltodocumentthatthesystemisoperatingproperly.

g.EPA,IndoorAir,VolatileOrganicCompounds(VOCs)

h.ATSDR,ToxicSubstancesPortal—TotalPetroleumHydrocarbons(TPH)



http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxfaqs/TF.asp?id=423&tid=75





Priority IAQConcern



Vehicle HealthEffectsExhaust Withsufficientconcentrationsand

duration,pollutantsfromvehicleexhaustmayincreasethechanceofcancerorotherserioushealtheffects.Dieselexhaustspecificallycanaggravaterespiratoryandcardiovasculardiseaseandexisting

asthma.Italsocancauseacuterespiratorysymptoms,chronicbronchitisanddecreasedlungfunction,allofwhichchildrenaremoresusceptibleto.


Exhaustemissionscomefromvehiclessuchasschoolbuses,cars,deliverytrucks,andmotorcycles,aswellasfromequipmentusedforconstructionandgroundsmaintenance.

Vehicleexhaustemissionscanaffectindoorhealthwhenthese

outdoorcontaminantsmigrateindoors,asmayoccurwhenvehiclesidleduringstudentdrop-offandpick-uporwhenHVACoutdoorairintakesarelocatednearvehicleidlingzones,drawingexhaustemissionsintothebuilding.i

FurtherReading

PriorityIssue9.0VehicleExhaust


Considerstrategiestoreduceexhaustemissions(e.g.,purchasecleaningequipmentthatdoesnothavegas-poweredengines).

Considerno-andlow-costadjustmentstolimitexhaustemissionsexposure:

• Instituteanti-idlingpoliciesforschoolbusesandparents.

• Considerthewaybusescurrentlyqueueforpick-upanddrop-offtodeterminewhetherengineruntimecanbereducedwhilebuseswaitforstudentstoboard.

• Donotopenwindowsnearloadingandunloadingzonesandconsidermovingloadingzonessotheyareatleast25feetfromwindows,doorsandoutdoorairintakes.


Promotealternativetransportationoptionsoutlinedin IAQToolsforSchools .Forexample,“school-pooling”programsencouragecarpools,bikepartnersor“walkingschoolbuses”thatreducethenumberofvehiclesonschoolgrounds.Publictransitbusesmayalsobeanappropriateoptionforsomestudentsorstaff.

StudentandParentEducation

SignageOpportunity:Remindparentsthatvehicleemissionscanaffecttheirchildren’shealth.

ExampleText:“Vehicleexhaustcantriggerasthmaattacksandotherrespiratorysymptoms.Please,donotidleyourvehiclewhilewaiting.”

SignLocations:Withinsightofdrop-offandpick-upzones.

SignageOpportunity:Remindstudentswhereitissafetowaitforbusesandotherrideshome.

ExampleText:“WaitingZone.Pleasewaithereforyourrideso youdon’tbreatheinharmfulvehicleexhaust.”

SignLocations:Locateinasafewaitingzone,atleast25feetfromareaswithoperatingvehicles.

i.EPA,IAQReferenceGuide,AppendixI—EmissionsfromMotorVehiclesandEquipment


http://www.epa.gov/iaq/schools/tfs/guidei.html




Priority IAQConcern



LocalandRe-gionalAmbientAirQuality

HealthEffects

Ozone,particulatematter,carbonmonoxide,nitrogenoxides,sulfurdioxideandleadaresomeofthepollutantsthatcanbefoundinoutdoorair,andEPAhassetnationalambientairqualitystandardsforthesesixpollutants.

Exposuretothesepollutantsisassociatedwithnumerouseffectsonhumanhealth,includingincreasedrespiratorysymptoms,heartandlungdiseases,andprematuredeath.


Therearemanypotentialsourcesofoutdoorairpollution,rangingfromlarge-scaleindustriestosmallbusinesseslocatedwithinneighborhoods;fromoutdoorwoodboilerstoavarietyoftrans-portation-relatedsources,suchas

roadsandtransithubs;agriculturalactivitiesandmyriadotherlandusesalsoaffectoutdoorairquality.

FurtherReading

PriorityIssue10.0LocalandRegionalAmbientAirQuality

RegularInspections

Regionalairqualitycanbemonitoreddailyonweatherwebsitesandatwww.airnow.gov.

Localairqualitymayalsobeaffectedbysurroundingbusinesses,suchasindustrialzones,whichmaynotregisterontheregionalair-qualitytrackingwebsites.


FornewandexistingHVACsystems,ensurethatfiltersarereplacedandmaintainedaccordingtothemanufacturer’sprintedinstructions.

Schoolslocatedinareasthatconsistentlyhavedegradedoutdoorairqualitymayconsideroutdoorairtreatment,whichmayincludeparticlefiltrationorotherdevicestocleantheoutdoorairbeforeitentersoccupiedspaces.TheHVACmanufacturer’sprintedrecommendationsshouldbefollowed.


Ensurethatteachers,staffandschoolnursesareawareofairqualityadvisorydays.Duringairqualityadvisories,childrenshouldnotplayoutsideandmayexperiencerespiratorysymptoms.TheAirNowSchoolFlagProgramalsocanbeusedtoalertschoolstafftothelocalairqualityforecastandhelpthemtotakeactionstoprotectstudents’health,

especiallythosewithasthma.Schoolstaffalsocanbecomeinvolvedwithlocalozone“watchdog”groupsandreviewschoolpracticestohelpkeepozonelevelsincheck.


EPA’sTeacher’sAirQualityResourcesWebpageprovidesavarietyofoptionsforeducationalcurriculumandstudentactivitiesrelatedtoambientairquality.TheAirNowSchoolFlagProgramalsoprovidesavarietyofresources.



http://www.airnow.gov/index.cfm?action=school_flag_program.index


http://www.airnow.gov/index.cfm?action=learning.forteachers









Priority IAQConcern



Pests HealthEffects RegularInspections

Risksarisefrompestsandexposuretopesticidesinschoolsettings.Diseasesmaybetransmittedbybitinginsects.Asthmaattacksmayoccurfromallergensortriggersfromcockroachandrodentinfestations.Staffand

studentsmaybeunnecessarilyexposedtopestsandpesticides.


Rodents,cockroaches,termites,birds,batsandotherpestscanbefoundinschoolbuildings.Pestspreferwarm,dryspaceswitheasyaccesstofoodandwater.

FurtherReading

PriorityIssue11.0Pests

Manytacticsthatpreventpestproblemsandpest-conduciveconditionsalsocontributetowaterandenergyconservation,indoorairquality,costreductionandassetpreservation.Forexample,effectivedoorsweepscanreducepestcomplaintsby65%,reduceinfiltrationofdirtandpreventescapeofheatandconditionedair.Repairingleakingpipespreventspestaccesstomoistureandalsoreduceswaterconsumptionandcosts.

In-houseorcontractedprofessionalpestmanagershouldconductacomprehensiveinspectionofallbuildingsfordefects,includingcracks,crevicesandotherpestentryways;food,moistureandshelterresourcesavailabletopests;moisture,pestorotherdamagetostructuralelements;termiteearthentunnels,pestfecalmatterorothersignsofpestactivity;andsoforth.Thereportofalldefectsshouldidentifycorrectiveactions.Theinspectionshouldbemappedonthesiteandfloorplan.

UseawrittenIntegratedPestManagement(IPM)inspectionchecklistorformforperiodicinspections,listingeachbuildingfeature(e.g.,foundation,eaves)androomtobeinspected,includingspecificlocationswithinfeaturesorrooms(e.g.,vents,storageclosets)tobeincludedintheinspection,andspecificconditionstobenoted(e.g.,repair,cleaningneeds).

Maintainlegiblerecordsofinspectionresults,pestmanagementactionsandevaluationsofresults;keeptheserecordsforatleast3years.

Establishatimelineforcompletingcorrectiveactionsandevaluatingresults.


SchoolsshouldimplementIPMtacticsthatincludeprevention,inspection,communication,biopesticideuse,andjudiciousandcarefuluseofpesticideswhennecessary.Whenapestprofessionalisneeded,yourschoolorschooldistrictmaychoosetohaveitsIPMprogramcertifiedorrecognized.WhenseekingIPMcertification,lookforawidelyrecognizedprogramthatprovidesassistanceindeveloping,maintaining,sustainingandevaluatingyourIPMprogram.EducatefacilitymanagersaboutIPMthroughtraining,brochuresandotherappropriateguidance.

OccupantEducation

Ensurethatallschooloccupantsarenotifiedwellinadvanceofpesticideapplicationsonschoolgroundsandinthelocalarea.

SignageOpportunity:Postsignspriortopesticideusetonotify

schooloccupants.Note

Manystateshavenotificationlawswhenpesticidesareused.

ExampleText:“Pesticideswillbeusedinthisareaon[date].Donotwalkinthisareabetween[applicationdate]and[safecontactdate,permanufacturerprinteddirections].”

SignLocations:Spacesignsatregularintervalsaroundpesticideapplicationarea.Beforeapplyingpesticide,markoffentireapplicationareawithyellowcautiontape.Unlessabsolutelynecessary,pesticidesshouldnot beappliedwhenstudentsarepresentoncampus.

OccupantFeedback

Provideasimpleprocessforschooladministrators,staffandstudentstonotifythefacilitymanageriftheyseesignsofpestinfestations.Manyschoolsusepestlogstorecordpestsightings;theselogsoftenare

locatedintheteachers’lounge.StudentEducationOpportunitiesforTeachers

EducatestudentsaboutIPM.SeeEPA’sTeacherResourcesandLessonPlansWebpageforlinkstoresourcesonIPM.








Priority IAQConcern



TrackedInPollutants

BuildingProd-ucts/MaterialsEmissions

HealthEffects

Avarietyofpollutantscanbetrackedintotheschoolincludingdirt(whichmaybecontaminatedwithotherpollutants)andmoisture.Potentialhealtheffectswilldependonthecompositionofthetracked-inpollutants.


Schoolshaveespeciallyhighlevelsofoccupantmovementbetweeninsideandoutsidespaces,causingdirt,particulatesandmoisturetobetrackedintothebuilding.

FurtherReading

PriorityIssue12.0Tracked-InPollutants

HealthEffects

VOCscancauseeye,nose,and

throatirritation;headaches,fatigue,dizziness,lossofcoordinationandnausea;anddamagetotheliver,kidney,andcentralnervoussystem.Someorganicscancausecancerinanimals;somearesuspectedorknowntocausecancerinhumansandhavebeenassociatedwithbirthdefects. j


VOCsarefoundinmanyproductsandmaterialsusedinandaroundschools,includingpaints;carpetsandpads;compositewoodproducts;cleaningsupplies;art,scienceandvocationaleducationmaterialsandprocesses;airfresheners;andfurniture.

FurtherReading

PriorityIssue13.0BuildingProducts/MaterialsEmissions


Duringoccupancy,tracked-indirtandmoisturecanbereducedbyusingentrywaysystemsasoutlinedinPriorityIssue12.0.Systemsshouldbe10feetlongintheprimarydirectionoftraveltomaximizethenumberofstepsandpotentialforthesystemtoremovedirtandmoisture.Therearetwocommontypesofentrywaysystems:

• Rolloutmatsrequirelessupfrontcostbutmustbevacuumeddaily

andfullycleanedregularly,atleastonceaweek.• Builtinsystemsincludeascrapersurfacetocleanshoes,followed

byanabsorptionsurfaceandafinishingsurface.

OccupantEducation

SignageOpportunity:Remindoccupantsandvisitorstocleanshoescarefully.

ExampleText:“Helpkeepourschoolclean!Wipingyourfeethelpstokeepallergensandasthmatriggersoutsideandreducesmaintenanceandcleaningcosts!”

SignLocations:Placeatallbuildingentrances.


Whenperformingminortouch-uporrepairprojects,meettheVOC

guidanceoutlinedinPriorityIssue13.0BuildingProducts/MaterialsEmissionsandmakesuretoproperlyventilatethespacebeforeandafterwork.

Ensurethatchemicalstorageroomshaveexhaustventilation.


Ensurethatteachers,administratorsandmaintenancestaffknowhowtoproperlystorehazardouschemicals,suchascleaningchemicals,pesticidesandchemistryequipment.

SeeEPA’sToolkitforSafeChemicalManagementinK–12SchoolsWebpage,whichgivesK–12schoolsinformationandtoolstomanagechemicalsresponsibly.

j.EPA,IndoorAir,VolatileOrganicCompounds(VOCs)








Priority IAQConcern



CombustionAppliances

(VentedandUnvented)

HealthEffects

Combustionpollutantsresultfromtheburningoffuelsandothermaterials.Commoncombustionpollutantsincludecarbonmonoxide(CO),nitrogendioxide(NO

2)

andrespirableparticulatematter(PM).

COisacolorless,odorlessgas.SymptomsofCOexposuremaymimicinfluenzaandincludefatigue,headache,dizziness,nauseaandvomiting,cognitiveimpairment,andtachycardia. AthighconcentrationsCOexposurecanbefatal.

NO2isacolorless,odorlessgas

thatcauseseye,noseandthroatirritation;shortnessofbreath;andanincreasedriskofrespiratoryinfection.

HealtheffectsofrespirablePM

includeeye,nose,andthroatirritation;respiratoryinfectionsandbronchitis;asthma;andlungcancer.


COresultsfromincompleteoxidationofcarbonincombustionprocesses.PotentialCOsourcesincludeimproperlyventedfurnacesorcombustionappliances,malfunctioninggasranges,andexhaustfumesthathavebeendrawnbackintothebuilding. Worn,improperlyadjusted

orpoorlymaintainedcombustiondevices(e.g.,boilers,furnaces),orafluethatisimproperlysized,blocked,disconnectedorleaking,canbesignificantsources. Auto,truckorbusexhaustfromattachedgarages,nearbyroadsoridlingvehiclesinparkingareascanalsobesources.

SourcesofNO2andrespirablePM

includeunventedorimproperlyventedcombustionequipment,fireplaces,woodstovesandkeroseneheaters,anddieselexhaust.

FurtherReading

PriorityIssue14.0VentedCombustionAppliancesandPriorityIssue15.0UnventedCombustionAppliances

RegularInspections

Maintenancestaffshouldperformregularinspectionsofcombustionappliancesandassociatedventingsystems,aswellasofcarbonmonoxidedetectionandwarningequipment,toensurethatequipmentisingoodconditionandoperatingproperly.


Combustionequipmentmustbemaintainedtoensurethatthereareno

blockages,andairandfuelmixturesmustbeproperlyadjustedtoensurecompletecombustion.

Iftheschoolhascarbonmonoxidedetectionandwarningequipment,followmanufacturercalibrationrecommendationstomakesurethattheyareworkingproperly.AdditionalventilationcanbeusedasatemporarymeasurewhenelevatedlevelsofCOareexperiencedforshortperiodsoftime.

OccupantEducation

SignageOpportunity:EducateoccupantsontheimportanceofCOdetectionandwarningequipment.

ExampleLanguage:“Carbonmonoxide(CO)isacolorless,odor- lessgasthatcancauseheadaches,dizziness,disorientation,nauseaandfatigueatlowlevelsofexposure.Athigherconcen-

trations,COexposurecanbefatal.IfthisCOalarmprovidesawarningforahighCOlevel,vacatetheroomandnotifythefacilitymanagerandschoolnurseimmediately.”

SignLocations:AdjacenttoeachCOalarm.




Priority IAQConcern



OzoneFromIndoorSources

Environmen-

talTobaccoSmoke

HealthEffects

Breathingozonecantriggeravarietyofhealthproblems,includingdecreasesinlungfunction,aggravationofasthma,throatirritationandcough,chestpainandshortnessofbreath,inflammationoflungtissue,andincreasedsus

ceptibilitytorespiratoryinfection.k


Ozonecanbegeneratedbyequipmentwithintheschool,suchasphotocopiersandlaserprinters,andportableaircleaningdevicesdesignedtointentionallyproduceozone.

FurtherReading

PriorityIssue16.0OzoneFromIndoorSources

HealthEffects

Environmentaltobaccosmoke,sometimesreferredtoas“secondhandsmoke,”hasbeenclassifiedasaGroupAcarcinogenbyEPA.Italsohasbeenassociatedwithmultiplehealtheffectsinchildren,includingtheonsetofasthma,increasedseverityofordifficultyincontrollingasthma,frequentupperrespiratoryinfections,middle-earinfections,andpneumoniaandbronchitis.


Tobaccosmokewillbefoundin

schoolsonlyifsmokingoccursonschoolproperty.

FurtherReading

PriorityIssue17.0EnvironmentalTobaccoSmoke


Ensurethatair-cleaningdevicesdesignedtointentionallyproduceozonearenotintroducedintothebuilding,includingportableaircleaners.

Periodicallyassessventilationandexhaustinareaswithofficeequipmentthatgeneratesozone(e.g.,copiersandprinters).Followmanufacturers’printedinstructionsformaintenanceofofficeequipmentthat

hasozonecaptureequipment(e.g.,activecarbonfilter).AdministratorandStaffEducation

Ensurethatstaffdonotbringportableaircleaningdevicesthataredesignedtointentionallyproduceozoneintotheschool.


Educatestudentsaboutthehealtheffectsofozone.SeeEPA’sTeacherResourcesandLessonPlansWebpageforalinktotheeducationalmaterial,“Ozone:GoodUpHigh,BadNearby.”


Federalregulations(20USCSection6083)prohibitsmokingwithinanyindoorfacilityownedorleasedorcontractedforandusedforprovisionofroutineorregularkindergarten,elementaryorsecondaryeducationorlibraryservicestochildren.Stateorlocallawsmaybemorerestrictive.

Urgeteachers,administratorsandstafftomaketheschool’stobacco-usepolicyapriority.Thepolicymustbeconsistentwithlocalandstatelawsandshouldincludeprohibitionsagainsttobaccousebystudents,allschoolstaff,parentsandvisitorsonschoolproperty;inschoolvehicles;andatschool-sponsoredfunctionsawayfromschoolproperty.

OccupantEducation

SignageOpportunity:Remindoccupantsandvisitorsoftheschool’ssmokingpolicy.

ExampleText:“ Toprotectthehealthofstudentsandstaff,this

isasmokefreeschool.Smokingisnotpermittedanywhereonschoolgrounds.”

SignLocations:Spaceevenlyaroundthebuildingperimeter,andespeciallynexttodoors,windowsandoutdoorairintakes.

k.EPA,IndoorAir,OzoneGeneratorsthatareSoldasAirCleaners




http://www.epa.gov/iaq/pubs/ozonegen.html#table%201






Priority IAQConcern



Heating,

Ventilation,&

AirConditioning

(HVAC)

OutdoorAir

Ventilation

HealthEffects

PoorlydesignedormaintainedHVACsystemscanexacerbateIAQproblems.Forexample,moisturecanaccumulateinductsleadingtomoldgrowth,incorrectlyinstalledormaintainedfilterscanallowparticulatestobespread

throughoutthebuilding,andsystemsthatdonotprovideenoughoutdoorairventilationcanresultinhighlevelsofindoorpollutants,oftenasindicatedbyelevatedindoorcarbondioxidelevels,whichisconsideredasurrogateforotherindoorpollutants.Thiswillcontributetooccupantdissatisfactionandcancauseheadaches,dizziness,nausea,poorconcentration,lethargyandreducedstudentperformance.Inadequateindoorthermalcontrolalsocannegativelyaffectstudentperformance.

HVACOpportunities

AmongthemainpurposesofanHVACsystemaretohelpmaintaingoodIAQthroughadequateventilationandfiltrationandtoprovidethermalcomfortandindoormoisturecontrol.HVACsystemsareamongthelargestenergyconsumersinschools.ThechoiceanddesignoftheHVACsystemcanalsoaffectmanyotherhigh-performancegoals,includingwaterconsumption(water-cooledairconditioningequipment)andacoustics.

Engineerscandesignaqualitysystemthatiscost-competitivewithtraditionalventilationdesignswhilesuccessfullyprovidinganappropriatequantityandqualityofoutdoorair,loweringenergycosts,allowingforeasiermaintenance,andimprovingstudentperformance.

FurtherReading

PriorityIssue18.0HVACEquipmentandPriority Issue 19.0OutdoorAirVentilation

RegularInspections

CreateamaintenanceschedulefortheHVACsystemtoensurethatfiltersarechangedregularlyandanycalibrationrequirementsaremet.


IfHVACsystemsareupgradedorimprovedduringtheconstructionproject,thecontractingteammustprovidethorough,onsitetrainingtothefacilitymanagementstafftoensuresystemscanbeoperated

properly.Facilitymanagersareencouragedtopayspecialattentiontothesequenceofoperations,anydirectdigitalcontrolsorbuildingautomationsystems,andtheoutdoorairventilationratesthatthesystemisdesignedtoprovidetoeachroom.Whennaturalventilationisprovided,effortsshouldbemadetoensurethatwindowsandotherventilationopeningsareoperatedappropriatelytoensureadequateventilation.

OccupantFeedback

Provideasystemforschooloccupantstocommentonperceivedindoorairquality,thermalcomfort,humiditylevels,standingwaterorleaks,andairspeed,astheseissuescanbeindicatorsofHVACcalibrationoroperationalproblems.




Priority IAQConcern



ExhaustVentilation

HealthEffects

AlthoughschoolscanuseHVACsystemstocontrolmoistureanddilutepollutants,roomswithsignificantmoisturegenerationorroomswithstrong,localizedsourcesofpollutants(e.g.,whereVOC-containingproductsare

storedorused)oftenrequireexhaustsystemstoensureadequateIAQ.

Thehealtheffectsthatoftencanbereducedbydedicatedexhaustsystemsaredocumentedintheprecedingsectionsofthisappendix:“MoistureControlandMold,”“BuildingProducts/MaterialsEmissions,”and“VentedCombustionAppliancesandUnventedCombustionAppliances.”


Lockerrooms,bathrooms,laun

driesandotherareaswithfrequentlevelsofhighhumidityareatincreasedriskofmoldandmildew.

Examplesofspaceswithstrong,localizedcontaminantsourcesincludeartrooms,sciencelaboratories,kitchens,woodworkshops,machineshopsandjanitors’closets.

Buildingimprovementprojectsmayuseadhesives,sealants,paintsandcoatingsthatcontainVOCsinhighconcentrations.

FurtherReading

PriorityIssue20.0ExhaustVentilation


Ensurethatteachers,administratorsandmaintenancestaffknowwheretostorechemicals,especiallyifstorageclosetswithdedicatedexhaustsystemsarelocatedintheschool.

TeachersandstaffwhoregularlystoreandusechemicalsshouldhaveinformationonEPAToolkitforSafeChemicalManagementinK–12Schools

OccupantFeedback

Provideasystemforschooloccupantstocommunicatemoistureandodorcomplaints,ascomplaintsmaystemfromdeficientexhaustsystems.








Priority IAQConcern



Mercury HealthEffects SystemandBuildingOperations

Mercuryisaneurotoxicsubstancethatcanproduceawiderangeofhealtheffectsinchildrendependingontheamountandtimingofexposure.Elemental(metallic)mercuryprimarilycauseshealtheffectswhenitisinhaledasava

porandabsorbedintothelungs.


Mercuryisusedinmanyitemsfoundinschools,suchasthermometers,barometers,switches,thermostats,flowmeters,fluorescentlightingandcompactfluorescentlightbulbs,andlaboratoryreagentsinchemistryandsciencelaboratories.Twomajorcausesofmercuryreleasesandspillsatschoolsareimproperstorageandmishandlingoftheseitems,whichcanresultinthereleaseofmercu

ryviabreakageorspillage.FurtherReading

PriorityIssue21.0BuildingSafetyforChildrenandOtherOccupants

Ensurethattheschoolhasamercuryspillresponseplan.Properlydisposeoffluorescentlightingandcompactfluorescentlightbulbs.


Ensurethatteachers,administratorsandmaintenancestaffknowhowtoproperlystoreandhandlemercurycompoundsandmercury-containingequipmentandcomponents.


Educatestudentsaboutthepotentialhealthhazardsofmercury.SeeEPA’sMercury:AnEducator’sToolkitWebpage.


http://www.epa.gov/region7/mercury/educator_toolkit.htm




AppendixC:WorkerProtection

PriorityIssue23.0JobsiteSafetyoftheEnergySavingsPlusHealthGuidereferstothisappendixforworkerprotection.Thisappendixcontainsinformationtohelpthoseperformingandsupervisingthebuildingupgradeassesstheriskstoworkers;itrecommendsactionstominimizeriskstoworkers’healthandsafety

andidentifiesresourcesforadditionalinformation.Workerprotectionisespeciallyimportantinolderbuildings.Areasundergoingconstructionmaycontainremnantsoflegacycontaminants,suchasleadandasbestos.Althoughthesematerialsoftenarenotconsideredharmfulifleftundisturbedorcovered,theycanbecomeaconcernwhendisturbed.Therefore,itisessentialthatthecontractorsreviewavailableinforma

tionabouttheexistenceofsuchmaterialsbeforebe

ginninganymodificationstothebuilding.Ifexistence

ofhazardousmaterialsissuspected,areviewmust

becommissionedbytheschoolauthorities.Insome

situations,onlycertifiedpersonnelcanperformcertain

activitiesoutlinedinthisGuide.

Bylaw,employersandsupervisorsarerequiredto

provideworkerswithaworkplacethatisfreefrom

recognizedhazardsthatarecausingorarelikelyto

causedeathorseriousphysicalharm,asrequiredin

Section5(a)(1)oftheOccupationalSafetyandHealth

Actof1970.Employersandsupervisorsmustensure

thefollowing:

1. WorksiteoperationsareconductedincompliancewithOccupationalSafetyandHealthAdministration(OSHA)regulatoryrequirements.OSHAregulatoryrequirementsidentifythefollowingconstructionhazardstobeaddressed:

2. Workersaretrainedinthehazardsoftheirjobandthemethodstoprotectthemselves.

3. Workersareprovidedtheprotectiveequipmentneededtoreducesiteexposures.EmployersarerequiredtoperformaPersonalProtectiveEquipmentHazardAssessmentforeachemployee.

TableC1providesalistofrecommendedassessmentsandactionsforworkersafetyconcerns.Projectcontractdocuments(drawingsorspecifications)andsiteplansshouldincludeprecautionstoaddresstheseissues.TableC1alsoincludesmeasuresanemployerneedstotaketoevaluateexistingandpotentialhealthconcernsandrecommendedactionstoensureworkersafety.Assistancewithdevelopingtheseworkerprotectionplansoftenisavailablefromstateorfederaltraining

programs.OSHAofferstrainingcoursesandeducationalprogramstohelpbroadenworkerandemployerknowledgeontherecognition,avoidance,andpreventionofsafetyandhealthhazardsintheirworkplaces.OSHAalsoofferstrainingandeducationalmaterialsthathelpbusinessestraintheirworkersandcomplywiththeOccupationalSafetyandHealthAct(see http://www.osha.gov/dte/index.html).

When knownpollutantsarebeingproducedordisturbed

duringretrofitactivities,followappropriatestandards

(includingOSHA,NationalInstituteforOccupation

alSafetyandHealth[NIOSH]andEPAstandards)to

minimizeworkerandoccupantexposure.Thedocument

“IAQGuidelinesforOccupiedBuildingsUnderCon

struction”publishedbytheSheetMetalandAirCon

ditioningContractors’NationalAssociation(SMACNA)

alsocanbeusedasabest-practicesmanualformaintainingIAQinoccupiedbuildingsundergoingrenovation

orconstruction.TheSMACNAdocumentcovershowto

managethesourceofairpollutants,controlmeasures,

qualitycontrolanddocumentation,andcommunication

withoccupants.


Asbestos-Containing Materials 29 CFR Part 1926.1101 and 40 CFR Part 763, Subpart G

Chemical Hazards 29 CFR Part 1910.1200

Confined Spaces 29 CFR Part 1926.21 (b)(6)(i)

Electrical 29 CFR Part 1926, Subpart K

Falls 29 CFR Part 1926.501

Ladders 29 CFR Part 1926.1053

Lead 29 CFR Part 1926.62 and 40 CFR 745

Personal Protective Equipment 29 CFR Part 1926.28

http://www.osha.gov/dte/index.html






TableC1:RecommendedAssessmentsandActionsforWorkerSafetyConcerns

Confined SpacesAsbestos

Assessment: DeterminewhetherworkerswillbeexposedtoACM.BecauseofthepredominantuseofACM,constructionandrenovationactivitiesinolderschoolsmayexposeworkerstothishazard.TheAsbestosHazardEmergencyResponseAct(AHERA),aprovisionoftheToxicSubstancesControlAct,becamelawin1986.AHERArequireslocaleducationagenciestoinspecttheirschoolsforACMs

andpreparemanagementplanstopreventorreduceasbestoshazards,oftenknownasanAHERAasbestosmanagementplan.

Actions

• ComplywiththeACMinSchoolsRuleat40CFRPart763,SubpartEandtheOSHAruleat29CFRPart1926.1101,whichprovidestherequiredprotectionmeasuresforworkinvolvingACMs.

• SeeOSHA’swebsiteonasbestosforadditionalinformationandresources.

Chemical Hazards

Assessment: Determinewhetherworkerswillbeexposedtochemicalhazardslbychemicalsinuse,accidentally

releasedbyactionstaken(e.g.,spillsfrommercury-containinglampsorballasts),orcontactwithpre-existingchemicallycontaminatedbuildingmaterials,subsoilsorvapors.

Actions

• ComplywiththeOSHAruleat29CFRPart1910.1200,whichincludesthefollowingrequirements(notanexhaustivelist):

o thatchemicalcontentinformationbemadeavailableforallchemicalsinuse;

o thatcontainersbeproperlylabeled;and

o thatworkershandlingchemicalsbeproperlyinformedandtrained.

• Usechemicalsthatarebest-in-classfortheparticularapplicationintermsofhavinglowtoxiccontentand/orlowcontaminantemissions.Examplesincludepaints,adhesives,sealantsandcoatingsthatmeettheemissionscriteriaofCaliforniaDepartmentofPublicHealthSpecification01350.

• Properhealthandsafetyprecautionsshouldbeemployedbyworkerswhouseormaycomeincontactwithpesticidesorchemicalcontaminantsinbuildingmaterials,subsoilsorvapors.

• Forpesticides,complywithEPA's40CodeofFederalRegulationsPart170—CurrentAgriculturalWorkerProtectionStandard(includesallamendmentsasofOctober3,1997).

• SeeOSHA’swebsiteonchemicalhazardscommunicationforadditionalinformationandresources.

Assessment: Determinewhetherworkerswillbeexposedtoconfined-spacehazards.

Actions

• Ensuretheworkspaceiscleanedregularlyandhasadequateventilationandexhaustandthatconstructionisphasedproperlytoprotectworkersandoccupantsfromconstructionactivitiesthatareconsideredhighrisk,asoutlinedinSMACNA“IAQGuidelinesforOccupiedBuildingsUnderConstruction,”2ndEdition.

• UnderOSHAruleat29CFRPart1926.21(b)(6)(i),informallemployeesrequiredtoenterconfinedorenclosedspacesaboutthefollowing:

o thenatureofthehazardsinvolved;

o thenecessaryprecautionstobetaken;and

o theuseofrequiredprotectiveandemergencyequipment.

• SeeOSHA’swebsiteonconfinedspacesforadditionalresourcesonconfinedspacehazardsingeneralindustry.

• SeeOSHA’s“ProtectYourself:CarbonMonoxidePoisoning”QuickCardforadditionalinformationon

sourcesofCOandrecommendedactionsforpreventingCOexposure.

• SeePriorityIssue13.0BuildingProducts/MaterialsEmissionsandEPA’sDesignfortheEnvironmentProgramwebsiteformoreinformationonselectinglesstoxicproductsandmaterialsthatmaybeusedinconfinedspaces.

Dust

Assessment: Determinewhethertheworkwillgeneratedust.Usebest-practicemeasurestomanageandcontrolairqualitycontaminantsinareasofwork.

Actions

• Educateworkersaboutdustcontainmentprocedures

andhowtocontroldustanddebriscreatedbyequipmentusedinconstructionactivities.

• Useworkmethodsthatminimizedustandpreventdustfromspreadingtootherareasoftheschool.

• Isolateareaswhereworkisbeingperformed(e.g.,sealedwithplasticsheeting)tocontainanydustthatisgeneratedduringconstructionactivities.

• Removeallclassroomfurniturefromtheworkareaorcoverfurniturewithplasticsheetingtopreventdustcontamination.

• Turnoffforced-air,centralheatingandair-conditioningsystems(includinglocal,windowairconditioningunits)whileworkthatcreatesdustisbeingcompleted.

• Collectandremoveallconstructiondebris.

• Conductacarefulcleanuproutinelyandattheendoftheproject.

• SeeOSHA’swebsitesonwooddust,combustibledust,andpermissibleexposurelimitsforadditionalinformationandresources.

l.Basedon29CFRPart1926.59,achemicalhazardisachemicalthatiseitheraphysicalhazardorahealthhazard.“Physicalhazard”referstoachemicalforwhichthereisscientificallyvalidevidencethatitisacombustibleliquid,acompressedgas,explosive,flammable,anorganicperoxide,anoxidizer,pyrophoric,unstable(reactive)orwater-reactive.“Healthhazard”referstoachemicalforwhichthereisstatisticallysignificantevidencebasedonatleastonestudyconductedinaccordancewithestablishedscientificprinciplesthatacuteorchronichealtheffectsmayoccurinexposedemployees.



http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/safety/workers/PART170.htm



http://www.osha.gov/dsg/hazcom/index.html


http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/confinedspaces/index.html

http://www.osha.gov/Publications/3282-10N-05-English-07-18-2007.html


http://www.epa.gov/dfe


http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/wooddust/index.html

http://www.osha.gov/dsg/combustibledust/index.html

http://www.osha.gov/dsg/topics/pel/index.html

















TableC1:RecommendedAssessmentsandActionsforWorkerSafetyConcerns(continued)

LeadElectrical

Assessment: Determinewhetherworkerswillbeexposedtoelectricalhazards.

Actions

• FollowOSHArule29CFRPart1926,SubpartKrequirementsforprotectingworkersfromelectricalhazards(notanexhaustivelist):

o Employersmustmakesurethatallnon-doubleinsulatedelectricequipmentisequippedwithagroundingconductor(three-wiretype).

o Wornorfrayedelectriccordsmustnotbeused.

o Employersmustprovideeitherground-faultcircuitinterruptersoranassuredequipmentgroundingconductorprogram(whichincludestheregulartestingofallequipmentgroundingconductors)toprotectemployeesfromgroundfaults.

• SeeOSHA’sElectricalIncidentsE-Toolforadditionalinformationonelectricalsafety.

Falls

Assessment: Determinewhetherworkerswillberequiredtoworkatheightsof6feetormore.

Actions

• Ifworkisrequiredatheightsof6feetormore,protectworkerswithguardrailsorbyproperlysecuringtopreventfalls.

• SeeOSHAruleat29CFRPart1926.501foradditionalinformationonrequirements.

• SeeOSHA’sWebpageonfallprotectionandOSHA’sFallsE-Toolforadditionalinformationonprotectingworkersfromfallhazards.

Ladders

Assessment: Determinewhetherworkerswillbeusingladders.Actions:

• FollowOSHAruleat29CFRPart1926.1053,whichincludesthefollowingrequirements(notanexhaustivelist):o Portableladdersmustbeabletosupportatleast

fourtimesthemaximumintendedload.

o Laddersthatmustleanagainstawallaretobepositionedata4:1angle.

o Laddersaretobekeptfreeofoil,grease,wetpaintandotherslippinghazards.

o Theareaaroundthetopandbottomoftheladdermustbekeptclear.

o Laddersmustnotbetiedorfastenedtogethertoprovidelongersections.

o Metalladdersmustnotbeusedwhileworkingonelectricalequipmentandelectricalwiring.

• SeetheOSHAruleat29CFRPart1926.1053foradditionalinformationonrequirements.

• SeeOSHA’spublication,“StairwaysandLadders:AGuidetoOSHARules,”foradditionalresourcesonladdersafety.

Assessment: DeterminewhetherprojectactivitieswillexposeworkerstoleaddustaccordingtotheAssessmentProtocolsoutlinedinthePriorityIssue5.0Lead.Themostcommonleadhazardsinschoolsarelead-basedpaint(especiallyinpre-1978buildings),leaddustandcontaminatedsoil.Othersourcesofleadhazardsareolderplumbingfixtures,vinylminiblinds,paintedtoysandfurni

turemadebefore1978,leadsmelters,orotherindustrialsources.

Actions

• Ifthefacilitywasbuiltbefore1978,theexistingpaintisassumedtocontainlead,andretrofittingorrenovationactivitiesmustcomplywithEPA’sRenovation,RepairandPaintingProgramRule(40CFRPart745)andtheOSHAruleat29 CFRPart1926.62.See EPA’sEPARenovation,RepairandPaintingProgramRulewebsiteforadditionalinformation.

• SeeOSHA’spublication,“LeadinConstruction,”forinformationonOSHArequirementstoprotectworkersfromleadhazardsintheconstructionindustry.

Mold

Assessment: Determinewhetherworkerswillbeexposedtomold.

Actions

• Allsuspectedmoldyareasshouldberemediatedbyproperlytrainedindividuals.Moistureproblemsneedtobeidentifiedandfixedormoldwillreturn.Ifmoldisexpectedtobedisturbedduringactivities,immediatelybringthistotheattentionofthesitemanagerandrefertoOSHA’s“ABriefGuidetoMoldintheWorkplace,”NIOSH’s“RecommendationsforCleaningandRemediationofFlood-ContaminatedHVACSystems:AGuideforBuildingOwnersandManagers,”EPA’s“MoldRemediationinSchoolsandCommercialBuildings,”theAmericanConferenceofGovernmentIndustrialHygienists’“BioaerosolsAssessmentandControl,”theAmericanIndustrialHygieneAssociation’s“Recognition,Evaluation,andControlofIndoorMold,”ortheInstituteofInspection,CleaningandRestorationCertification’sS520“StandardandReferenceGuideforProfessionalMoldRemediation.”

• SeeEPA’sMoldsandMoisturewebsiteforadditionalinformationonmoldandmoldremediation.


https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/construction/electrical_incidents/mainpage.html


http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/construction/falls/mainpage.html

http://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha3124.pdf




http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/lead/construction.html

http://www.osha.gov/dts/shib/shib101003.html


http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/emres/cleaning-flood-HVAC.html





http://www.acgih.org/store/ProductDetail.cfm?id=349


https://webportal.aiha.org/Purchase/ProductDetail.aspx?Product_code=3f9e0a5a-4778-de11-96b0-0050568361fd



http://www.epa.gov/mold/





















https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/construction/electrical_incidents/mainpage.html



TableC1:RecommendedAssessmentsandActionsforWorkerSafetyConcerns(continued)

PolychlorinatedBiphenyls(PCBs) SprayPolyurethaneFoam(SPF)

Assessment: DeterminewhetherworkersmaybehandlingPCB-containingorPCB-contaminatedbuildingmaterials,includingfluorescentlightballastsandcaulk.

Actions

• SeeEPA’sPCB-ContainingFluorescentLightBallastsinSchoolBuildingsWebpageforinformationon

propermaintenance,removalanddisposalofPCB-containingfluorescentlightballasts.Ifleakingballastsarediscovered,wearprotectiveclothingincludingchemical-resistant(nitrile)gloves,bootsanddisposableoveralls.

• SeeEPA’sPCBsinCaulk—StepstoSafeRenovationandAbatementofBuildingsThatHavePCB-ContainingCaulkwebsiteforinformationonthistopic.Workpracticestohelpensureworkerandoccupantsafetyincludeemployingprotectivemeasures(bothinteriorandexterior),complyingwithoccupationalprotectiveregulations,communicatingwithbuildingoccupants/thirdparties,settinguptheworkareatopreventthespreadofdust,usingappropriatetoolsthatminimize

thegenerationofdust/heat,andleavingtheworkareaclean.

Assessment: DeterminewhetherworkerswillbeusingSPF,whichmaycontainchemicalssuchasisocyanates(e.g.,methylenediphenyldiisocyanate),amines,flameretardantsand/orotheradditives.TherearethreemaintypesofSPFproducts(two-componenthighpressure,two-componentlowpressure,andone-componentfoam),eachofwhichhasdifferentapplications.Determinewhichof

thethreemaintypesofSPFproductswillbeused.Actions

• Applicators,crewandbuildingoccupantsintheworkareaarerequiredtouseprotectiveequipmenttopreventexposuretoisocyanatesandotherSPFchemicals.ProtectiveequipmentrequirementsvarydependingonthetypeofSPFproduct.

• Reviewlabelandproductinformationforingredients,hazards,directions,safeworkpracticesandprecautions.

• Ensurehealthandsafetytrainingiscompletedandsafeworkpracticesarefollowedtopreventeye,skinandinhalationexposuresduringandafterSPFinstallation.

• Exercisecautionwhendeterminingasafere-entrytimeforunprotectedoccupantsandworkersbasedonthemanufacturer’sprintedrecommendation.IfyouexperiencebreathingproblemsorotheradversehealtheffectsfromweatherizingwithSPF,seekimmediatemedicalattention.

• SeeOSHA’sGreenJobHazardswebsiteforadditionalinformationonthehazardsassociatedwithSPF.

• SeeEPA’sSPFwebsiteforadditionalinformation.

• SeetheAmericanChemistryCouncil’sSPFHealthandSafetywebsiteforadditionalinformation.




http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/hazard/tsd/pcbs/pubs/caulk/guide/index.htm



https://www.osha.gov/dep/greenjobs/












https://www.osha.gov/dep/greenjobs/




AbbreviationsandAcronymsUsedinAppendices

ACM–asbestos-containingmaterial

AHERA–AsbestosHazardEmergencyResponseAct

ANSI–AmericanNationalStandardsInstitute

AP–assessmentprotocols

ASHRAE–AmericanSocietyofHeating,Refrigerating

andAir-ConditioningEngineers

CFR–CodeofFederalRegulations

CO–carbonmonoxide

EPA–U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency

HVAC–Heating,VentilationandAirConditioning

IAQ–indoorairquality

IPM–integratedpestmanagement

K–12–kindergartenthrough12thgrade

MA–minimumactions

NIOSH–NationalInstituteforOccupationalSafetyandHealth

OPR–owner’sprojectrequirements

OSHA–OccupationalSafetyandHealthAdministration

PCBs–polychlorinatedbiphenyls

PM–particulatematter

SMACNA–SheetMetalandAirConditioningContractors’NationalAssociation

SPF–spraypolyurethanefoam

VOC–volatileorganiccompound




ReferencesCitedinAppendices

AgencyforToxicSubstancesandDiseaseRegistry:

ToxicSubstancesPortal—TotalPetroleumHydrocarbons(TPH).2014.http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/ toxfaqs/TF.asp?id=423&tid=75

AmericanChemistryCouncil: SprayPolyurethaneFoamHealthandSafety.http://www.spraypolyurethane.org

AmericanConferenceofGovernmentIndustrial

Hygienists:BioaerosolsAssessmentandControl.1999.http://www.acgih.org/store/ProductDetail.cfm?id=349

AmericanIndustrialHygieneAssociation:Recognition,Evaluation,andControlofIndoorMold.2008.https://webportal.aiha.org/Purchase/ProductDetail.aspx?Product_code=3f9e0a5a-4778-de11-96b00050568361fd

ASHRAEStandard62.1:ANSI/ASHRAEStandard62.1-2013.VentilationforAcceptableIndoorAirQuality.2013.http://www.techstreet.com/ashrae/ products/1865968

ASHRAEStandard189.1:ANSI/ASHRAEStandard189.1-2011:StandardfortheDesignofHigh-PerformanceGreenBuildings:ExceptLow-RiseResidentialBuildings.2011.AmericanSocietyofHeating,RefrigerationandAir-ConditioningEngineers.https://www.ashrae.org/resources--publications/ bookstore/standard-189-1

CaliforniaDepartmentofPublicHealth,Emission

TestingMethodforCaliforniaSpecification01350:

StandardMethodfortheTestingandEvaluationofVolatileOrganicChemicalEmissionsFromIndoorSourcesUsingEnvironmentalChambers,Version1.1.2010.http://www.cdph.ca.gov/programs/IAQ/ Documents/cdph-iaq_standardmethod_v1_1_2010%20new1110.pdf

CDC(CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention),

NIOSH(NationalInstituteforOccupationalSafetyand

Health):CDCNIOSHwebsite.http://www.cdc.gov/niosh

CDC,NIOSH:Storm,Flood,andHurricaneResponse:RecommendationsfortheCleaningandRemediationofFlood-ContaminatedHVACSystems:A GuideforBuildingOwnersandManagers.2010.http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/emres/cleaning-flood-HVAC.html

EPA(U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency): AirNowSchoolFlagProgram:KnowYourAirQualityToProtectStudentsHealth.http://www.airnow.gov/index. cfm?action=school_flag_program.index

EPA:AirNow.http://www.airnow.gov/

EPA:AirNowTeacher’sAirQualityResources.2014.http://www.airnow.gov/index.cfm?action=learning. forteachers

EPA:AnIntroductiontoIndoorAirQuality(IAQ).Lead(Pb).LeadHealthEffects.2012.


EPA:AnIntroductiontoIndoorAirQuality(IAQ):VolatileOrganicCompounds(VOCs).2012.http://www.epa.gov/iaq/voc.html

EPA:Asbestos.LearnAboutAsbestos.HealthEffectsFromExposuretoAsbestos.2014.http://www2.epa.gov/asbestos/learn-about-asbestos#effects

EPA:DesignfortheEnvironment.2014.http://www.epa.gov/dfe

EPA:DesignfortheEnvironment.LabeledProductsandOurPartners.2014.http://epa.gov/dfe/pubs/

projects/formulat/formpart.htm

EPA:DrinkingWaterinSchools&ChildCareFacilities.2012.http://water.epa.gov/infrastructure/ drinkingwater/schools/index.cfm

EPA:IAQToolsforSchools .IAQReferenceGuide,AppendixH:MoldandMoisture.2012.http://www.epa.gov/iaq/schools/tfs/guideh.html

EPA:IAQToolsforSchools .IAQReferenceGuide,AppendixI:EmissionsfromMotorVehiclesandEquipment.2012.http://www.epa.gov/iaq/schools/tfs/ guidei.html

EPA:IndoorAir.OzoneGeneratorsThatAreSoldasAirCleaners.2013.http://www.epa.gov/iaq/pubs/ ozonegen.html#table%201

EPA:Lead.Renovation,RepairandPaintingProgram.http://www2.epa.gov/lead/renovation-repair-andpainting-program

EPA:Mercury:AnEducator’sToolkit.2012. http:// www.epa.gov/region7/mercury/educator_toolkit.htm

EPA:MoldandMoisture.IntroductiontoMoldandMoldRemediationforEnvironmentalandPublicHealthProfessionalsCourse.2012.http://www.epa.gov/mold/moldcourse/

EPA:MoldandMoisture.MoldRemediationinSchoolsandCommercialBuildings.2008.http://www.epa.gov/mold/mold_remediation.html
















http://www.cdc.gov/niosh










http://www2.epa.gov/asbestos/learn-about-asbestos#effects



http://epa.gov/dfe/pubs/projects/formulat/formpart.htm




















http://www.cdc.gov/niosh











































EPA:MoldsandMoisture.2013.http://www.epa.gov/mold/

EPA:PesticidesHealthandSafety:CurrentAgriculturalWorkerProtectionStandard.2014.http:// www.epa.gov/pesticides/safety/workers/PART170.htm

EPA:PolychlorinatedBiphenyls(PCBs).BasicInformation:PolychlorinatedBiphenyls(PCBs).2013.http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/hazard/tsd/pcbs/pubs/ about.htm

EPA:PolychlorinatedBiphenyls(PCBs).FactSheetsforSchoolsandTeachersAboutPCB-ContaminatedCaulk.2012.http://www.epa.gov/pcbsincaulk /caulkschoolkit.htm

EPA:PolychlorinatedBiphenyls(PCBs).HealthEffectsofPCBs.2013.http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/hazard/ tsd/pcbs/pubs/effects.htm

EPA:PolychlorinatedBiphenyls(PCBs).PCB-ContainingFluorescentLightBallasts(FLBs)inSchoolBuildings:AGuideforSchoolAdministratorsandMaintenancePersonnel.2013.http://www.epa.gov/

epawaste/hazard/tsd/pcbs/pubs/ballasts.htmEPA:PolychlorinatedBiphenyls(PCBs):StepstoSafeRenovationandAbatementofBuildingsThatHavePCB-ContainingCaulk.2012.http://www.epa.gov/pcbsincaulk/guide/index.htm

EPA:Radon.HealthRisks.2012.http://www.epa.gov/radon/healthrisks.html

EPA:Radon.Kids,StudentsandTeachers.2013.http://www.epa.gov/radon/justforkids.html

EPA:ToolkitforSafeChemicalManagementinSchools.2012.http://www.epa.gov/schools/ guidelinestools/toolkit.html

EPA:SprayPolyurethaneFoam(SPF)Home.2013.http://www.epa.gov/dfe/pubs/projects/spf/spray_polyurethane_foam.html

EPA:StateSchoolEnvironmentalHealthGuidelines.2012.http://www.epa.gov/schools/guidelinestools/ehguide/

EPA:TeacherResourcesandLessonPlans.2012.http://www.epa.gov/students/teachers.html

EPA:TeacherResourcesandLessonPlans.HoldtheMold.http://www.epa.gov/students/pdf/holdthemold.pdf

InstituteofInspection,CleaningandRestoration

Certification:BSR-IICRCS520MoldRemediation.StandardandReferenceGuideforProfessionalMoldRemediation.2008.http://www.iicrc.org/standards/iicrc-s520/

OSHA(OccupationalSafetyandHealth

Administration):U.S.DepartmentofLaborOSHAwebsite.http://www.osha.gov

OSHA,29CFRPart1910.1200:SubpartZ.HazardCommunication.OccupationalSafetyandHealthStandards:ToxicandHazardousSubstances.https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=standards&p_id=10099

OSHA,29CFRPart1926.21:SafetyTraining

andEducation.SafetyandHealthRegulationsforConstruction:GeneralSafetyandHealthProvisions.https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=10607

OSHA,29CFRPart1926.28:SubpartC.PersonalProtectiveEquipment.SafetyandHealthRegulationsforConstruction:GeneralSafetyandHealthProvisionshttp://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=10614

OSHA,29CFRPart1926.62:SubpartD.Lead.SafetyandHealthRegulationsforConstruction:OccupationalHealthandEnvironmentalControlshttp://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=10641

OSHA,29CFRPart1926:SubpartK.Electrical.SafetyandHealthRegulationsforConstruction.http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=10915

OSHA,29CFRPart1926.501:SubpartM.DutytoHaveFallProtection.SafetyandHealthRegulationsforConstruction.http://www.osha.gov/pls/ oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_id=10757&p_table=STANDARDS

OSHA,29CFRPart1926.1053:SubpartX.Ladders.SafetyandHealthRegulationsforConstruction.http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=standards&p_id=10839

OSHA,29CFRPart1926.1101:SubpartZ.Asbestos.SafetyandHealthRegulationsforConstruction:ToxicandHazardousSubstances.http://www.osha.gov/pls/ oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_id=10862&p_table=STANDARDS

OSHA:ABriefGuidetoMoldintheWorkplace.http://www.osha.gov/dts/shib/shib101003.html

OSHA:Asbestos.http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/asbestos/

OSHA:CombustibleDust.AnExplosionHazard.http://www.osha.gov/dsg/combustibledust/index.html

OSHA:ConfinedSpaceshttp://www.osha.gov/SLTC/ confinedspaces/index.html




















http://www.epa.gov/students/pdf/holdthemold.pdf


http://www.osha.gov/

https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=standards&p_id=10099


https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=10607


http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=10614










http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=standards&p_id=10839












http://www.epa.gov/students/pdf/holdthemold.pdf











































http://www.osha.gov/




OSHA:ElectricalIncidentsE-Tool. http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/construction/electrical_incidents/ mainpage.html

OSHA:FallProtection.http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/ fallprotection/index.html

OSHA:FallsE-Tool.http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/ construction/falls/mainpage.html

OSHA:GreenJobsHazards,WeatherInsulating/

Sealing.http://www.osha.gov/dep/greenjobs/weather_spf.html

OSHA:HazardCommunication.http://www.osha.gov/dsg/hazcom/index.html

OSHA:Lead.Construction.http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/lead/construction.html

OSHA:OccupationalSafetyandHealthActof1970.Section5(a)(1).http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/ owadisp.show_document?p_table=OSHACT&p_id=3359

OSHA:OSHATrainingCourses,Materials,andResources.https://www.osha.gov/dte/index.html

OSHA:PermissibleExposureLimits(PELs).http://www.osha.gov/dsg/topics/pel/index.html

OSHA:QuickCard.ProtectYourself.CarbonMonoxidePoisoning.http://www.osha.gov/Publications/328210N-05-English-07-18-2007.html

OSHA:StairwaysandLadders:AGuidetoOSHA

Rules.http://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha3124.pdfOSHA:WoodDust.http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/wooddust/index.html

SheetMetalandAirConditioningContractorsNational

Association(SMACNA): IAQGuidelinesforOccupiedBuildingsUnderConstruction,2ndEdition.2007.ASNI/SMACNA 008-2008.http://smacna.org/store

http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/construction/electrical_incidents/mainpage.html



http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/fallprotection/index.html




http://www.osha.gov/dep/greenjobs/weather_spf.html



http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=OSHACT&p_id=3359



https://www.osha.gov/dte/index.html













https://www.osha.gov/dte/index.html






http://www.osha.gov/dep/greenjobs/weather_spf.html










106 Energy Savings Plus Health | INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR SCHOOL BUILDING UPGRADES



Section 4

MasterVerificationChecklist

EnergySavingsPlusHealth| INDOORAIRQUALITYGUIDELINESFORSCHOOLBUILDINGUPGRADES 107Indoor Air Quality (IAQ)



Section4:MasterVerificationChecklist

ThecoretechnicalcomponentofEnergySavingsPlusHealth:IAQGuidelinesforSchoolBuildingUpgradesis:

Section 2: AssessmentProtocolsandRecommendedActions.

Section 3 containsappendicesthatarereferencedthroughouttheGuide.

Section 4 containsaMasterVerificationChecklisttohelpverifythattheassessmentprotocolsinSection 2havebeenappliedandthattheappropriateactionstoprotectorenhanceIAQhavebeentakenduringthebuildingupgrades.Thechecklistisavaluabletoolforkeepingtrackofprogressduringthebuildingupgrade,includingaccomplishmentsandupcomingissuestobeaddressed.

Alternatively,the“EnergySavingPlusHealthChecklistGenerator”toolcanbeusedtodevelopacustomverificationchecklist,alongwiththespecific

assessmentprotocolsandrecommendedactions,

tailoredtothebuildingupgradeproject.WhenusingtheEnergySavingPlusHealthChecklistGeneratoritmaybenecessarytoenablemacrosforfunctionality,dependingontheusers’Excelsettings.

Use the “Energy Saving Plus HealthChecklist Generator ” To Create Your CustomVerification Checklist, Assessment Protocolsand Recommended Actions

Note

Allchecklistsarecomplementarytothematerialpre-

sentedinSection2andshouldbeusedinconjunc-

tionwiththeassessmentprotocolsandrecommended

actions.Section2shouldbethoroughlyreviewedbe-

foreverifyingtheprotocolsandrecommendedactions

onthechecklists.












EnergySavingsPlusHealth:IndoorAirQualityGuidelinesforSchoolBuildingUpgradesMasterVerificationChecklist

Note:ThisVerificationChecklististobeusedinconjunctionwiththeassessmentprotocolsandrecommendedactionsinSection2of Energy Savings Plus Health: IndooAir Quality Guidelines for School Building Upgrades .

SchoolName/Building:

City/State/Zip: Date:

1.0 Project Planning/Integrated Design

Assessment Protocol and Action Verification Complete N/A NOTES

AP 1.1Gatheredfeedbackfromtheschool’sfacultyandstaffonIAQissuesandgainedanunderstandingofthecurrentbuildingstatus.Conductedstakeholdermeetingsearlyinthedesignprocess.

AP 1.2 PerformedabuildingwalkthroughinspectiontoidentifyIAQissuesandconcerns.

AP 1.3DefinedoverallprojectIAQandenergygoalswithinthecontextofprojectscopeandbudget.Developedacommunicationsplanwithaclearprocessforaddressingoccupantconcerns.

AP 1.4

SelectedaprojectteamwithIAQexpertise.Includedarepresentativefromeachgroupofstakeholdersinthebuilding,forexample,teachers,administrators,nurses,maintenancestaff,parentsandstudents,ifpossible.Whenevaluatingproposals,ensuredtheproject’sIAQandenergyefficiencyrequirementsaremetandspecificprovisionsforprotectingIAQduringconstructionphasesareincluded.SeeAppendixAforguidanceonteamselection.

MA 1.1

Conductedcollaborativecross-functionalteammeetingstoidentifysynergiesbetweenIAQandenergy-efficiencyupgrades.Forlargeprojects,heldaDesignCharrettewithdesignprofessionalsandrepresentativesfromtheschool,includingIAQcoordinators,riskmanagers,administrators,teachers,nurses,andoperationsandmaintenancestaff.

MA1.1

MA 1.2 Formalizedprojectgoalsaftercollaborativedesignmeetings.ClearlydefinedallIAQandenergyefficiencygoals.

MA 1.3FinalizedaprojectteamwithIAQexpertise.Designatedrepresentative(s)fromtheschool’soperationsandmaintenancestafftoattendallteammeetings.

MA 1.4Heldregularmeetingsthroughoutdesignandconstructiontodiscussprojectprogress,synergiesandchallenges.Regularlycommunicatedprojectplansandprogresswithstakeholdersandrespondedtoconcerns.

ColorCodes AssessmentProtocol(AP) MinimumAction(MA) ExpandedAction(EA)





1.0 Project Planning/Integrated Design (continued)


MA 1.5

Heldaconstructionkick-offmeetingwiththedesignteam,generalcontractorandsitemanagersforeachtradebeforeconstructionbegins.Continuedmeetingsduringconstructionprocess,withupdatestostakeholders.Ensuredtheplanforprotectingstudentsandotheroccupantsduringtheconstructionphasesisadequatelycommunicated.

2.0 Commissioning

AP 2.1Determinedwhichkind(s)ofcommissioningareappropriate(newsystemcommissioning,recommissioningorretro-commissioning).

MA 2.1 Designatedand/orhiredaCommissioningAgent,asappropriatefortheproject.

MA 2.2DevelopedanOwner’sProjectRequirementsdocument,includingformalizedprojectgoals,perMA1.2.ClearlydefinedallIAQandenergyefficiencygoals.

MA 2.3DevelopedaBasisofDesigndocumenttooutlinehowthedesignwillmeettheOwner’sProjectRequirements.

MA 2.4

DevelopedaCommissioningPlan,includinganoutlineofcommissioningactivities,aschedule,alistofsystemstobecommissioned,andspecificationstobeincludedinthecommissioningprocess.

MA 2.5 CommissionedsystemsperthescheduleoutlinedintheCommissioningPlancreatedforMA2.4.

MA 2.6Deliveredathird-partycommissioningreporttothefacilitymanager(ifathird-partyCommissioningAgentwashiredtoperformcommissioningactivities).

MA 2.7 Performedpost-occupancycommissioning(asrequired).

MA 2.8EngagedtheCommissioningAgenttotrainthefacilitymanagerandotheroperationsandmaintenancestaffonallcommissionedsystems.

EA 2.1 Includedmeasurementandverificationdevicesintheprojectdesign.

EA 2.2 Developedaplanforrecommissioningexistingsystemsinthefutureastheyagetoensurelongtermsystemoptimization.

EA 2.3 Conductedfollow-uptrainingtoreinforceoperatorskillsandknowledge.





3.0 Moisture Control and Mold


AP 3.1Inspectedtheinteriorandexteriorofthebuildingandthebuilding’smechanicalsystemsforevidenceofmoistureproblems,anddocumentedtheresults.

AP 3.2

DeterminedwhethertheprojectrequiresmoldremediationoradditionalmoisturecontrolmeasuresbasedonthefindingsofthemoistureinspectionrecommendedinAP3.1ortheIAQwalkthroughinspectionrecommendedinAP1.2.

AP 3.3Workedwithageneralcontractororotherexperiencedbuildingexpertstodefinethescopeofmoistureimprovementsandrepairs.

AP 3.4

Assessedmoistureormoldproblemsthatcouldnotberesolvedundertheproject.Didnotstartconstructionprojectsthatwouldreducetheschool’sairinfiltrationrateifthereareunresolved

moistureproblems.

MA 3.1Repairedmoistureproblemsidentifiedduringtheassessmentincludingplumbingleaks,rainleaks,andfoundationleaks.

MA 3.2Conductedmoldremediationfollowingprofessionalguidance,suchasEPA’sMoldRemediationInSchoolsAndCommercialBuildingsandIICRCMoldRemediationStandardS520.

MA 3.3Addressedstandingwaterproblems.Correctedsurfacewaterpoolingnearthefoundationbeforeinsulatingbasementorcrawlspacewalls.

MA 3.4Managedrainwaterinassembliesincludedwithinthescopeofwork(e.g.,drainageplanesandflashings).Ensuredthereisadequateslopeanddrainageawayfromthebuilding.

MA 3.5EnsuredproperHVACcondensatedrainage.EnsureddrainpansmeetrequirementsofASHRAEStandard 62.1.

MA 3.6

Preventedcondensationinthebuildingbyairsealingtheenclosure,managingwatervaporflow,managingairpressurerelationships,ensuringallpipingandvalveswithcondensationpotentialareadequatelyinsulated,andcontrollingindoorhumiditysources.

MA 3.7

ProperlysizedtheHVACsystemtomanagemoistureinsidethebuilding.Ensuredthatclassroom

HVACsystemsprovidecontinuoushumiditycontrolandmaintainindoorrelativehumiditybelow60%,ideallybetween30%and50%,ifpossible.Ensuredproperindoorhumiditycontrolduringsummermonths.Ifthereisaschoolbuildingsummershutdownprogram,ensuredcontrolsandHVACoperationarespecifiedtokeepindoorrelativehumiditywithinacceptablelimits.Ensuredregularlyscheduledmaintenanceofhumidificationequipment.Formechanicallyventilatedbuildings,ensuredthatthebuildingmeetstheexfiltrationrequirementsofASHRAEStandard 62.1.

MA 3.8 Usednonporousconstructionmaterialsinmoisture-proneareas.





3.0 Moisture Control and Mold (continued)


MA 3.9

Protectedopenroofareasfromrainduringconstructionanddesignedandconstructedroofingsystemsandflashingdetailstoensurepropermoisturebarriers.Repairedleaksbeforeairsealingorinsulatingtheattic.

MA 3.10

Protectedconstructionmaterialsfrommoisturedamageanddidnotusematerialsshowingvisiblesignsofmoldorotherbiologicalgrowth.Storedandinstalledallbuildingproducts,systemsandcomponentsinstrictaccordancewithmanufacturers’printedinstructions.

EA 3.1

Retrofittedcrawlspacessothattheyaresealed,insulated,ventilatedwithconditionedair,properlydrainedandwaterproofed.Installedahigh-capacity,energy-efficientdehumidifierinthespace(ifclimateconditionswarranted).

EA 3.2 FollowedEPAorotherprofessionalguidancetoperformadditionalactivitiestoremediateanymoldgrowth.

EA 3.3Consideredventilationapproachesforbettermoisturecontrol,includingdedicatedoutdoorairsystems(DOAS)andvariable-air-volume(VAV)systems.

4.0 Asbestos

AP 4.1Determinedareasoftheschoolthathavealreadybeenidentifiedascontainingasbestosbyreviewingtheschool’sAsbestosHazardEmergencyResponseAct(AHERA)asbestosmanagementplan.

AP 4.2

Inspectedthebuildingforasbestos-containingmaterial(ACM)or,fornewconstruction,verifiedthatnoasbestoswasusedinthebuildingmaterials.Iftheschooldoesnothaveanasbestosmanagementplanandasbestos-containingmaterialsarepresent,preparedanasbestosmanagementplan.

MA 4.1

EvaluatedtheconditionofACM.ImmediatelyisolatedtheareaifsuspectedACMwasfoundtobedamaged(e.g.,unraveling,frayed,breakingapart)andcontactedanaccreditedandproperlytrainedasbestosprofessionalforabatementorrepair.

MA 4.2

Exercisedcautiontopreventthereleaseofasbestosparticlesintotheairduringworkactivities(e.g.,nodusting,sweepingorvacuumingACMdebris;nosawing,sanding,scraping,ordrillingholesintoACM;nousingabrasivepadsorbrushestostripACM).

MA 4.3 Didnotremoveordisturbinsulationthatappearstobevermiculite.

MA 4.4

Conductedasbestosabatementbeforeblowerdoortestingandexercisedcautionwhenconductingblowerdoortestingwherefriableasbestosorvermiculiteatticinsulationispresent(e.g.,positively-pressurizedblowerdoortesting).

MA 4.5

Conductedasbestosclearanceairmonitoringfollowinganyasbestosresponseactionsintheschooltoensuretheactionswereconductedproperly,usingatrainedandaccreditedasbestosprofessional.





5.0 Lead


AP 5.1Assumedlead-basedpaintwasusedinschoolsbuiltbefore1978,unlesstestingshowsotherwise.Recognizedthatlead-basedpaintmaybepresentinanyschool.Determinedwhichpaintedsurfaceswillbedisturbedduringtheplannedwork.

AP 5.2

Testedanysuspectedsurfacesthatwillbedisturbedduringthebuildingupgrade.PaintsamplesmaybetakenandanalyzedbyanEPA-accreditedlaboratory,oranEPA-certifiedinspectororriskassessormaytestpaintviaX-rayfluorescence[XRF]testingor,insomecases,acertifiedindividualmayuseanEPA-recognizedtestkit.

MA 5.1

CompliedwithEPA’sRenovation,RepairandPainting(RRP)ProgramRule(usedaCertifiedRenovator,followedlead-safeworkpractices,isolatedtheworkareatoavoidoccupantexposure,minimizedleaddust,leftnodustordebrisbehind,andsuccessfullyperformedcleaningverificationorclearancetesting.).

MA 5.2 Compliedwithalllocalandstateregulationsapplicabletoleadandhazardreductionactivities.

EA 5.1 Followedadditionallead-saferehabilitationpracticesinadditiontoEPA’sRRP.

EA 5.2 Replacedwindowsthattestpositiveforlead-basedpaint.

EA 5.3 Ensuredallfuturepaintapplicationsintheschoolarelead-free.

6.0 Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)

AP 6.1Determinedwhetherfluorescentlightballastscontainingpolychlorinatedbiphenyls(PCBs)arepresent.

AP 6.2 Assessedwhethercaulkwillbedisturbedduringbuildingupgradeactivities.

MA 6.1ReplacedPCB-containingfluorescentlightballaststhatareleakingwithnewlightingfixtures.AnyoilorstainsleakedfromPCB-containingballastswereproperlycleanedupordisposedof.ConsideredreplacementofallPCB-containinglightballastswithnewlightingfixtures.

MA 6.2ProperlydisposedofPCB-containinglightballastsandfluorescentbulbscontainingmercury.Adheredtorequirementsof40CFRPart761SubpartDtoensurethatanyPCB-containingwastewashandledproperly.

MA 6.3

IfPCBswerepotentiallypresentincaulkthatwasdisturbedduringbuildingrenovations,tookstepstominimizeexposurefollowingEPA’sCurrentBestPracticesforPCBsinCaulk.Adheredtorequirementsof40CFRPart761SubpartDtoensurethatanyPCB-containingwastewashandledproperly.Documentedandstoredcopiesofalltestresultsandalldisposalmeasures.

EA 6.1

IfthereareadditionalconcernsaboutPCBs,conductedanassessmentforPCBsinindoorairfollowingEPA’sCompendiumMethodTO-4A(highairvolume)orCompendiumMethodTO-10A(lowairvolume).IfairqualitytestsindicatedconcentrationsaboveEPA’sPublicHealthLevelsforPCBsinIndoorSchoolAir,identifiedpotentialsourcesofPCBsandmitigationoptions.Adheredtorequirementsof40CFRPart761SubpartDtoensurethatanyPCB-containingwastewashandledproperly.Documentedandstoredcopiesofalltestresultsandalldisposalmeasures.





7.0 Radon


AP 7.1

Selectedaradontestingprofessionalfromalistofqualifiedtestersobtainedfromthestateradonoffice.If therearenostaterequirements,selectedaradonprofessionalwhoistrainedorcertifiedbytheAmericanAssociationofRadonScientists&Technologists,Inc.(AARST)NationalRadonProficiencyProgramortheNationalRadonSafetyBoard(NRSB).

AP 7.2

Performedradontestingbeforeschoolbuildingmodificationsinaccordancewithapplicablestaterequirementsorotherguidance,suchastheANSI/AARSTRadonMeasurementinSchoolsandLargeBuildingsstandard.

AP 7.3Retestedforradonaftercompletionofallbuildingupgradesandrenovationsthataffectbuildingenvelopeleakageandairflows.

MA 7.1

Mitigatedhighradonlevels.TookactionstoreduceradonlevelsasoutlinedintheASNI/AARSTRadonMitigationinSchoolsandLargeBuildingsstandard,usingactivesoildepressurizationasthefirstmitigationmethodconsidered,ifradonlevelsareequaltoorgreaterthan4pCi/L,beforeorafterbuildingmodifications.

MA 7.2EnsuredschoolHVACsystemsareoperatingproperly,withoutdoorairventilationmaintainedatorabovedesignminimumvalues.

MA 7.3 Advisedperiodicretestingofareasintheschoolthathavebeenmitigatedforradon.

8.0 Belowground VaporForming Contaminants (Except Radon)

AP 8.1 Evaluatedpotentialsourcesandodors(e.g.,gasoline,sewergasorfueloil).

AP 8.2Evaluatedthesewerventsystemtoconfirmthatdraintrapshavewaterinthemandinspecteddrainlinesforbreaksorleaks.

AP 8.3

Notifiedlocalorstateauthoritiesandpursuedadditionalassessmentsbeforecontinuingprojectworkintheeventanodorsourcecouldnotbeidentified,andthebuildingisinaknownareaofcontamination.

AP 8.4Conductedafurtherassessmentifvapor-formingsoilorgroundwatercontaminationissuspectedonornearthebuildingsite.Consultedstateortribalvoluntarybrownfieldscleanupprogramsorenvironmentalregulatoryagenciesforinformationontherisksofvaporintrusion.

MA 8.1Repairedorreplacedfailedorunattachedsewerventsystemcomponentsbeforeproceedingwithenergyprojects.

MA 8.2

Addresseddraintrapspronetodryingoutbydevelopingamaintenanceplantoperiodicallyaddwatertothetraps,andconsideredinstallationofinlinedrainsealstofloordrainspronetodryingout.





8.0 Belowground VaporForming Contaminants (Except Radon) (continued)


MA 8.3Assessedandmitigatedsoilgasvaporintrusionincompliancewithlocalorstatestandards(TableX5.1ofASTME2600orEPAguidance).

EA 8.1 Installedfloordrainsealstountrappedfloordrains.

EA 8.2Installedautomaticdraintrapprimersinfloordrainsthataresusceptibletodryingouttoensurethatasmallamountofwaterisperiodicallydeliveredtothetrapandtopreventitfromdryingout.

EA 8.3

Implementedthepropermeasurestopreventmigrationofsoil-gascontaminantsintooccupiedspacesfornewconstructionandbuildingexpansionprojectslocatedonbrownfieldsites,asdescribedinASHRAEIAQGuide,Strategy3.4.

9.0 Vehicle Exhaust

AP 9.1

Investigatedcomplaintsregardingmotorvehicleexhaustemissions.Requestedfeedbackfromtheschoolnurse,facilitiesstaffandtheschool’sIAQcoordinatoranddeterminedthelocationsanddatesofcomplaints.

AP 9.2 Identifiedlocationsofairleaksfromparkingstructurestooccupiedspaces.

AP 9.3Identifiedlocationsofoutdoorairintakeventsandassessedwhethertheyarelocatedanadequatedistanceawayfromareaswherevehiclesmayidle.

MA 9.1

Followedlocalandstateanti-idlinglawsandpolicies.Otherwise,establishedandenforcedarequirementthatallenginesmustbeshutoff(noidlezone)atloadingdocksandvehicleloadingandunloadingzones.Providedsignagetodesignatethelimitsofnoidlezones.

MA 9.2

Sealedlocationsthatseparateparkingstructuresfromoccupiedspaces.Airsealedleaksintoceilingcavities,windowsanddoors;electrical,plumbingandductpenetrations;cracksbetweenmasonryorconcretewallsandunsealedpenetrations;andleaksintheductworkorairhandlerplatforms.

MA 9.3Maintainedoccupiedspacesnearparkingstructuresatapositivepressurerelativetotheparking

structures.

MA 9.4

Decoupledareaswithvehicleexhaustemissionsfrombuildingairhandlingsystems.Eliminatedanddisconnectedsupplydiffusersandreturngrillesingaragesandvocationalclassroomsfromairhandlingsystemsthatserveotheroccupiedspaces.

MA 9.5Specifiedcarbonmonoxide(CO)detectionandwarningequipmentinaccordancewithNFPA720andanyapplicablelocalorstaterequirements.





9.0 Vehicle Exhaust (continued)


MA 9.6EnsuredthatnewoutdoorairintakesmeettheASHRAEStandard62.1,Table5.5.1separationdistancerequirementsfromanysourcesofvehicularemissions.

MA 9.7ProtectedexistingoutdoorairintakesiftheydidnotmeettheASHRAEStandard62.1,Table5.5.1separationdistancerequirementsbyrelocatingthemorrelocatingemissionssourcelocations.

MA 9.8 Properlyinstalledasupplementalventedheatingsystemintheparkingstructure(ifneeded).

EA 9.1Iffeasible,relocatedexistingoutdoorairintakesawayfromvehicleexhaustsourcestoavoidentrainment.

EA 9.2Installedparticlefiltration,andinextremecasesgas-phaseaircleaningdevices,totreatventilationairforoutdoorpollutants(seeEA19.1).

EA 9.3Addedapositivepressurevestibuleatalldoorwaysconnectedtoparkingareas,toprovideanairlockbetweenparkingstructuresandoccupiedspaces.

EA 9.4

Installedorupgradedexhaustsystemsforenclosedparkingareasthatprovideadequateexhaustforalllocalizedsourcesofcontamination;maintainsealedexhaustductworkinplenumspacesunderanegativepressure;andexhausttotheoutdoors,meetingtheminimumseparationdistancerequirementsofASHRAEStandard62.1,Table 5.5.1.

10.0 Local and Regional Ambient Air Quality

AP 10.1Investigatedpublishedinformationregardinglocalsourcesofpollutionandregionaloutdoorairquality,includingoutdoorozonelevels.

MA 10.1

Inareaswherenationalstandardsforoutdoorparticulatematterorozoneareexceeded,ensuredthatmechanicalventilationsystemsaredesignedandoperatedtomeettheoutdoorairfiltrationandaircleaningrequirementsofASHRAE Standard62.1,Section6.2.1.

EA 10.1

InadditiontotherequirementsofMA10.1,inareaswherenationalstandardsforoutdoorparticulatematterorozoneareexceeded,ensuredthatmechanicalventilationsystemsare

designedandoperatedtomeettheoutdoorairfiltrationandaircleaningrequirementsofASHRAEStandard189.1,Section8.3.1.3.

11.0 Pests

AP 11.1Identifiedpotentialpestsofconcern,includinganyorganismslikelytocolonizethebuildingbasedonprojectlocation.

AP 11.2Identifiedevidenceofpests,anddeterminedwhetherpesticidesarebeingusedinthebuildingtocontrolpestpopulations.





11.0 Pests (continued)


AP 11.3AssessedwhethertheschoolalreadyhasanIntegratedPestManagement(IPM)planandwhetheritisbeingfollowedandsustained.

MA 11.1

Selectedathird-partycertifiedIPMprofessionalforpestmanagementneeds.Determinedwhetherpesticideswillneedtobeused.Consideredprovidingsignagetocommunicatewhenpesticideapplicationswilloccur.Encouragedschedulingpesticideapplicationswhenschoolisnotinsession.

MA 11.2Patchedandsealedopeningsinareaswithevidenceofrodentinfestation,withrodent-resistantmaterialspriortoinstallingweatherizationmaterialsthatmaybesusceptibletognawing.

MA 11.3Reducedthepotentialforpestentryintothebuildingbyblocking,sealingandeliminatingpestentrypointsaroundthebuildingenvelope.

MA 11.4Reducedtheriskofpestdispersalthroughoutthebuildingbysealingandblockinginteriorpassageways.

MA 11.5 Implementedprotectionsforoutdoorairintakesandexhauststoeliminatepestentryways.

MA 11.6 Maintainedexistingpestprotectionswithinthebuilding.

MA 11.7

Removedclutter,eliminatedwoodpilesandwastenearthebuilding,andremovedanybushes,treesorvegetationcloserthantwofeetfromthestructure.Keptvegetationawayfromoutdoorairintakesandoutdoormechanicalequipment.Didnotpileupsoilsandmulchesagainstthebuilding’sexteriorwalls.

MA 11.8 EnsuredtheschoolhasanIPMplan,anditisbeingfollowedpriortopesticideapplications.

EA 11.1 Ensuredallexteriorgarbagecansanddumpstersaresealableandsanitizedregularly.

EA 11.2FollowedguidanceforinstitutionalkitchensintheSFEnvironmentdocument“PestPreventionbyDesign.”

12.0 TrackedIn Pollutants

AP 12.1 Inspectedallbuildingentrancesforwalk-offmatsorentrymatsystems.Notedconditionsofdirtormoistureaccumulationnearentrancesthatmightneedwalk-offmatsorentrywayfloorcleaningsystems.

MA 12.1 Providedwalk-offmatstotrapdirtandmoistureatallbuildingentrances.

MA 12.2FollowedEPA’sBuildingandGroundsMaintenanceChecklistandprovidedacopytothefacilitymanager.

EA 12.1

InstalledpermanententrywaysystemsatallregularlyusedbuildingentrancestocapturedirtandparticulatesinaccordancewithASHRAEStandard189.1,Section8.3.1.5,orEPA’sIAQDesignToolsforSchools,EntryMatBarriers.





13.0 Building Products/Materials Emissions


AP 13.1Reviewedcontentandemissionsdocumentationforproductsandmaterialsbeingconsideredfortheprojecttodeterminewhethertheycontainpotentiallyhazardouscompounds.

MA 13.1

Selectedtheleasttoxicproductsormaterialsfeasibleforeachapplication.Usedproductsandmaterialsthatindicatetheyhave(orarecertifiedashaving)lowVOCcontentorlowVOCemissions.Specifiedproductsandmaterialsthatmeetindependentcertificationandtestingprotocols(seeexampleslistedinMA13.1).

MA 13.2

Selectedlow-emittingwoodandcomposite-woodproductscompliantwithCaliforniaTitle17ATCM.(IfCATitle17ATCMcompliantmaterialsarenotavailable,usedwoodproductsthatmeetSection6.1ofEPA’s IndoorairPLUSConstructionSpecifications.)

MA 13.3 EnsuredtheschoolmeetstheMinimumActionsinPriorityIssues19.0OutdoorAirVentilationand20.0 ExhaustVentilation.

MA 13.4Performedapost-constructionbuildingflush-outintherenovatedbuilding/spacesbeforeoccupancyresumes.

MA 13.5 FollowedguidanceoutlinedinMA22.3toprotectabsorptivematerialsduringconstruction.

MA 13.6FollowedPriorityIssue22.0ProtectingIAQDuringConstructiontoprotectchildrenandotheroccupants.

EA 13.1 Airedoutnewconstructionmaterialsinawell-ventilated,cleananddryspacepriortoinstallation.

EA 13.2Sealedcompositewoodproductswithalow-VOCorno-VOCsealantintendedtoreduceVOCemissions.

EA 13.3 Investigatedandcorrectedpotentialcontaminantsourceproblemsafterbuildingmodifications.

EA 13.4Performedapost-constructionflush-outorbaselineIAQmonitoringperASHRAEStandard189.1,Section 10.3.1.4(b)afterconstructionwascompleted.

EA 13.5Requiredproductsthathavesubmittedtheircompletechemicalinventorytoathirdpartyforverification.Madetheverification/certificationbythethirdpartypubliclyavailable.

14.0 Vented Combustion Appliances

AP 14.1 Completedasafetyinspectionofallventedcombustionappliancesintheschool.

MA 14.1

CompletedallapplicableactionsundertheAssessmentProtocols(AP14.1)andrepaired,removedorreplacedcombustionappliancestocorrectdeficienciesandensurecompliancewithapplicablecodesandstandards.Ensuredproperventingaftermodificationsthataffectbuildingenvelopeleakageandairflows.





14.0 Vented Combustion Appliances (continued)


MA 14.2

Ensuredthatallcombustionexhaustiscapturedasclosetothecombustionsourceaspossible,exhausteddirectlyoutdoors,andnotventedintootherindoorspacessuchasattics,crawlspacesorbasements.

MA 14.3Ensuredthatventedapplianceshavesufficientmakeupairtoreplaceventedairandmaintainnormaloperatingconditions.

MA 14.4 Ensuredthatboilerfiringadjustmentsareoperatingproperly.

MA 14.5VerifiedproperinstallationofCOdetectionandwarningequipmenttomeettherequirementsofNFPA720andanyapplicablelocalorstaterequirements.

EA 14.1

Installedpowerventedorsealedcombustionequipmentwhenreplacingcombustionequipmentlocatedinoccupiedorconditionedspaces.InstallationwasperformedinaccordancewithACCAStandard5.

15.0 Unvented Combustion Appliances

AP 15.1Identifiedunventedcombustionappliancesanddeterminedwhetheranylocalorstateregulationsprohibitingthesedevicesapply.

MA 15.1

Ensuredadequateventilationandexhaustinspaceswithunventedcombustionequipment.EnsuredASHRAEStandard62.1requirementsforoutdoorairventilationandexhaustaremetforeachspecificroomwhereunventedcombustionequipmentisused(e.g.,foodprepareas,sciencelabs).EnsuredroomswhereCOislikelytobegeneratedareoperatedatanegativepressurerelativetosurroundingareas.EnsuredthatnegativepressuresinkitchensinducedbyexhaustfansdonotexceedNFPA96Section8.2.1guidelinesduetoalackofmake-upair.

MA 15.2Withtheschool’spermission,removedallunventedcombustionspaceheaters(e.g.,unventedgasorkerosenespaceheaters)thatdonotconformtolocalorstateregulations.

MA 15.3VerifiedproperinstallationofCOdetectionandwarningequipmentmeetingtherequirementsofNFPA 720andanyapplicablelocalorstaterequirements.

16.0 Ozone From Indoor Sources

AP 16.1Identifiedindoorsourcesofozoneanddeterminedwhetheranyair-cleaningorpurifyingequipmentdesignedtointentionallyproduceozonewaspresent.

MA 16.1Didnotinstallanyaircleaningequipmentdesignedtointentionallyproduceozone.Recommendedremovalofexistingaircleaningequipmentdesignedtointentionallyproduceozone.





16.0 Ozone From Indoor Sources (continued)


MA 16.2Ensuredadequateventilationandexhaustinareaswithozone-generatingofficeequipment,includingprinting,copyingandreprographicsrooms.

EA 16.1TestedofficeequipmentforozoneemissionsfollowingASTMD6670-01.Repairedorremovedequipmentifemissionsexceeded0.02mg/m3.

EA 16.2 Installedofficeequipmentfittedwithozonecapture/removalsystems.

17.0 Environmental Tobacco Smoke

AP 17.1

Assessedschoolsmokingpolicyanddeterminedwhethertheschoolhasapolicythatprohibitssmokinginsidetheschool.Determinedwhethertherearelocationsonschoolgroundswhereoutdoorsmokingmaybeallowed,andthelocationsoftheselocationsfromthebuilding’sentrances,outdoorairintakesandoperablewindows.

AP 17.2 Identifiedwhethertherehavebeenoccupantcomplaintsaboutsmoking.

MA 17.1

Ensuredthattheschoolhasapolicyontobaccothatisconsistentwithlocal,stateandfederallaws.Thepolicyshouldincludeprohibitionsagainsttobaccousebystudents,allschoolstaff,parents,andvisitorsonschoolproperty,inschoolvehicles,andatschool-sponsoredfunctionsawayfromschoolproperty.Ensuredanylocationswhereoutdoorsmokingispermittedareaminimumof25feetfromallbuildingentrances,outdoorairintakesandoperablewindows.

18.0 HVAC Equipment

AP 18.1

ConductedanHVACassessmenttoevaluatetheconditionoftheexistingHVACsystemcomponentsinaccordancewithminimuminspectionstandardsofASHRAE/ACCAStandard180,ASHRAEhandbooksorotherequivalentstandardsandguidelines.EvaluatedbuildingheatingandcoolingloadsafterplannedmodificationsandHVACequipmentcapacitiesforsensibleandlatentloads.

MA 18.1

Repaired,modifiedorreplacedequipmenttoensurethatexistingHVACsystemsoperateproperly.EnsuredthereisascheduledinspectionandmaintenanceprogramforHVACsystemsinaccordancewithASHRAE/ACCAStandard180.

MA 18.2 ProperlysizedandinstalledanynewHVACequipment.

MA 18.3EnsuredanynewHVACsystemshaveaminimumofMERV8filtersinstalledupstreamofallcoolingcoilsandwettedsurfaces,inaccordancewithASHRAEStandard62.1requirements.

MA 18.4 Remediatedmoldinairplenumsandductwork,followingguidanceoutlinedinMA3.2.

MA 18.5FollowedtheguidelinesintheOSHATechnicalManual:Legionnaires’DiseasetoprotectagainstbacterialgrowthinHVACsystemsandmechanicalequipment.





18.0 HVAC Equipment (continued)


EA 18.1InstalledhigherefficiencyfiltersinanynewHVACsystems(MERV11orhigher),upstreamofallcoolingcoilsandwettedsurfaces,iffeasible.

EA 18.2IncreasedfilterefficienciesinexistingHVACsystems(highestMERVratingpossiblebasedonequipmentspecifications).

EA 18.3Employedfiltrationandgas-phaseaircleaningstrategiestofurtherimproveIAQ,inconjunctionwithsourcecontrolstrategiesandmaintainingminimumventilationrates.

19.0 Outdoor Air Ventilation

AP 19.1DeterminedwhetherHVACsystemscomplywithASHRAEStandard62.1ventilationrequirementsatthesystemlevelandinthebreathingzonesofalloccupiedspaces.

MA 19.1AdjustedexistingHVACsystemstomeetallrequirementsofASHRAEStandard62.1,wherepossible,usingtheVentilationRateProcedure.

MA 19.2

Consideredtheimpactsofbuildingenvelopeairsealingonventilation.Avoidedtighteningthebuildingshellandreducingairexchangeratesifincreasingventilationorinstallingadditionalventilationisnotpossible.Ensuredschoolbuildingsthatrelyonnaturalventilationhaveadequateventilationafterweatherization.

MA 19.3DesignedandinstallednewHVACsystemstomeetallventilationrequirementsofASHRAEStandard62.1usingtheVentilationRateProcedure.

MA 19.4 VerifiedthatallHVACsystemsmeetanylocalcoderequirementsforventilation.

EA 19.1 ReplacedorupgradedexistingHVACsystemstomeetASHRAEStandard62.1.

EA 19.2

Formechanicalventilationapplications,installedpermanentoutdoorairflowmonitoringsystemsinaccordancewithASHRAEStandard189.1,Section 8.3.1.2.Fornaturalventilationapplications,providedmonitoringtoensureoperablewindowsandotherventilationopeningsareoperatedappropriatelytoensureadequateventilation.

EA 19.3

Appliedadvancedventilationapproaches,suchasdedicatedoutdoorairsystems(DOAS),demand-controlledventilation,displacementventilation,economizers,energyrecoveryventilation,andvariable-air-volume(VAV)systems.EnsuredASHRAEStandard62.1ventilationrequirementsaremetforallloadsandoccupancyconditions.

EA 19.4

Implementedpre-occupancyventilationcontrolforventilationsystemsthatservespacesthatarenotcontinuouslyoccupied,toprovidethedesignminimumoutdoorairventilationrateforaperiodofonehourpriortoexpectedoccupancywheneverthespaceshavebeenunventilatedforaperiodlongerthan24hours.





20.0 Exhaust Ventilation


AP 20.1 Identifiedroomsorareaswithlocalizedcontaminantsourcesthatrequireexhaustventilation.

AP 20.2MeasuredexhaustairflowstodeterminewhetherthereiscompliancewiththeexhaustrequirementsofASHRAEStandard62.1foreachspace.

AP 20.3Verifiedthatexhaustfromroomswithlocalizedcontaminantsourcesdischargeoutdoorsanddonotdischargeorleakintootherindoorspacesorthebuildingstructure.

MA 20.1EnsuredexhaustisprovidedforroomsorareaswithlocalizedindoorcontaminantsourcesasidentifiedinAP 20.1andensuredthatexhaustratesrequiredbyASHRAEStandard62.1aremet.

MA 20.2 Confirmedproperfunctionalityoftheexhaustsystemstoreducecausesofcomplaints.

EA 20.1 Implementedadditionaleffortstopreventtherecirculationofexhaustedairintooutdoorairintakes.EA 20.2 Providedmonitoringandalarmsforexhaustsystems.

21.0 Building Safety for Children and Other Occupants

AP 21.1

IdentifiedtheSchool’sHealthandSafetyOfficerorCommitteeandincludedtheminallbuildingsafetyplanning.Documentedsafetyhazardsthatwereobservedduringtheassessments.Immediatelyrespondedtourgentandlifethreateningsituations. Ensuredtheresultsofthesafetyassessmentwereprovidedtotheschool’shealthandsafetyrepresentatives,andcorrectiveactionsareconsideredaspartofbuildingupgrades.

AP 21.2

Assessedtheproperfunctionalityoffirealarms,smokealarms,andCOdetectionandwarningequipment.DeterminedwhetherCOdetectionandwarningequipmentmeetstherequirementsofNFPA720andapplicablelocalandstaterequirements.

AP 21.3

Identifiedtheprevalenceofharmfulchemicalsinaccessiblelocations,includingcustodialclosets,storageareasundersinks,sciencelabs,hospitalitytrainingprograms,artlabs,foodlabsandvocationalprograms.

AP 21.4

Identifiedriskofmercuryexposureinexistingschoollighting,equipment(e.g.,thermometers,

barometers),componentsandlabsupplies.Determinedwhethertheschoolhasamercuryspillresponseplan.

AP 21.5Identifiedthelocationsoffireextinguishersintheschool,andverifiedthatallplacementsmeetlocallaws.

AP 21.6Determinedwhetherthehotwaterheatertemperaturesettingiswithintheallowablelimitsofthelocalandstatecodes.

MA 21.1Immediatelycorrectedlifethreateningsafetyrisks.

Correctedothersafetyhazardsduringthebuildingupgrades.





21.0 Building Safety for Children and Other Occupants (continued)


MA 21.2

Hadqualifiedpersonnelcorrectdeficiencieswithfirealarms,smokealarmsorCOdetectionandwarningequipment.Installedadditionalfirealarms,smokealarmsandCOdetectionandwarningequipmentwherevernecessary.

MA 21.3 Ensuredappropriatestorageofhazardouschemicals.

MA 21.4

Preventedmercuryexposurebyensuringschoolhasamercuryspillresponseplan.Preventedmercuryspillsbyremovingallelementalmercury,mercurycompoundsandmercury-containingequipment.Properlydisposedofallelementarymercurysuppliesandmercurycontainingdevicesandequipment,includingfluorescentlighting,compactfluorescentlight(CFL)bulbsandmercury-containingthermostats.

MA 21.5 Correcteddeficienciesassociatedwithfireextinguishers.

MA 21.6 Adjustedwaterheatertemperaturestopreventscalding.

EA 21.1InstalledenhancedCOdetectionandwarningequipmentthatcandetectandstorelowpeakCOlevels,andconsideredintegrationwiththebuilding’scentralmonitoringsystem.

EA 21.2 Installedlightswitchesatthetopandbottomofallstairwells.

EA 21.3 Installedsafetylightingonornearsteps.

EA 21.4 Repairedmalfunctioningdoors,windows,roofsandfloors.

EA 21.5Qualifiedpersonnelensuredthesafetyofelectricalsystemsbyconfirmingtheyareinaccordancewithapplicablecodes.

22.0 Protecting IAQ During Construction

AP 22.1Determinedbuildingoccupancypatternsduringexpectedconstructionperiods,andidentifiedanyanticipatedspecialneedsofthebuildingoccupants.

AP 22.2Identifiedpotentialconstruction-relatedcontaminantsandthepathwaysthroughwhichtheycould

impacttheIAQofbuildingoccupants.

MA 22.1

Minimizedoccupantandworkerexposuresduringconstruction(e.g.,adheredtoSMACNAIndoorAirQualityGuidelinesforOccupiedBuildingsunderConstruction).Properlyisolatedworkareasfromoccupants.Promptlyrespondedtoanyoccupantcomplaintsorconcerns.

MA 22.2

ProtectedHVACsystemsfromcontaminantsduringworkactivities,performedpost-constructioninspections.Cleanedtoremovedustanddebrisfromductwork,asneeded.EnsurednewHVACfilterswereinstalledpriortooccupancy.

MA 22.3Protectedhighlyabsorptivematerialsfromairbornecontaminantsandemissionscausedbyconstruction.





22.0 Protecting IAQ During Construction (continued)


MA 22.4

EA 22.1

23.0 Jobsite Safety

AP 23.1

MA 23.1

Safelyinstalledsprayfoaminsulationandemployedsafeworkpracticestoavoidexposuretospraypolyurethanefoam(SPF).

Consideredandimplementedadditionalprotectionsasappropriateandnecessarytoprotectthehealthandsafetyofbuildingoccupants.

Evaluatedexistingandpotentialhealthconcernsandactivities.ReferredtoAppendixC:WorkerProtectionforrecommendedevaluationmeasuresandactions.

ReferredtoAppendixC:WorkerProtectionforrecommendedactionstoprotectworkersafety.





EPA402/K-14/001October2014
