EPA PBT MONITORING WORKSHOP

A NOAA PERSPECTIVE?

Richard S. Artz and Jawed Hameedi

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Silver Spring, Maryland

NOAA Generally Subscribes to a Multi-Tier Measurement Philosophy to Fuel a Targeted Modeling Program

– Intensive measurements– Routine measurements– Remote sensing– Closely coupled with NWS– One member of a large partnership

Interagency and International Cooperation

• Major ions– NADP– CASTNet

• International Joint Commission

• North American Commission for Environmental Cooperation

• International POPs Treaty

Particulate Sulfate Concentrations

1997-1999

Atmospheric Program• Most NOAA air toxics programs are housed in

one of the six divisions of the Air Resources Lab or at the Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Lab

• ARL Atmospheric Sciences and Modeling Division program is driven by EPA

• ARL HQ and Atmospheric Turbulence and Diffusion Divisions provide surface and aircraft deposition technology to multiple agencies

• Several ARL divisions simulate transport and deposition of toxics using various meteorological modeling tools

NOAA / CMDL Baseline Measurement Sites

ARL/ATDD Relaxed Eddy Accumulation

Direct measurements of DRY DEPOSITION for Ammonia, Mercury, and potentially anything that can

be measured using filters or denuders

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Type DeHavilland DHC-6 Twin Otter Series 300Ceiling 7500 m; 3500 m this studyCruise Speed 55 m/sScientific Payload 1100 kgElectrical (2) 250A Starter GeneratorsScientific Power 3KVA @ 115VAC/60 Hz; 70A@ 28VDCCrew 2 Flight, 3-4 ScientificEndurance 4.5 Hours with VFR Reserves

EPA Measurements of Mercury on the NOAA Twin Otter

Species Method LODResponse

Time

Hg0 Cold Vapor AtomicFluorescence (CVAS) 0.5 ng m-3 5 min

RGM Denuder/CVAS 5 pg m-3 90 min

p-Hg Filter/CVAS 5 pg m-3 90 min

An Airborne Investigation of Local and Regional Sources of Atmospheric Mercury Deposition to the Everglades

NOAA DeHavilland Twin Otter Aircraft

Atmospheric Sciences Modeling Division • Modeling effort driven by National Air Toxic

Assessments addressing human health issues• Fate and transport simulated using CMAQ Chemical

Transport Model– Atrazine– 17 dioxins and furans– Benzene– Mercury– Formaldehyde/acetaldehyde

• Neighborhood Scale– Linking emissions-based models with ambient and exposure

monitors as inputs to human exposure models at ~1 km.– Involves collaboration with ARL/ATDD LESchem system

EPA\OAQPS List of the 33 Urban Air Toxics• acetaldehyde• acrolein• acrylonitrile• arsenic compounds• benzene• beryllium Compounds • 1,3- butadiene• cadmium Compounds• carbon tetrachloride• chloroform• chromium compounds• coke oven emissions• dioxin• ethylene dibromide• propylene dichloride• 1,3-dichloropropene• ethylene dichloride

• ethylene oxide

• formaldehyde

• hexachlorobenzene

• hydrazine

• lead compounds

• manganese compounds

• mercury compounds

• methylene chloride

• nickel compounds

• polychlorinated biphenyls

• polycyclic organic matter

• puinoline

• 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane

• perchlorethylene

• vinyl chloride

ARL/HQ READY System

Real-time Environmental Applications and Display sYstem

www.arl.noaa.gov/ready.htmlHYSPLIT transport and dispersion modelMeteorological data (forecast/archive)Air quality productsVolcanic ash model (VAFTAD)Emergency response products

Meteorological Analysis Tools

• Maps– Pre-defined loops

– Interactive (Java-based)

• Cross-sections• Meteograms• Stability/mixing height• Vertical profiles

HYSPLIT Model

• Online trajectories (forward/backward)

• Online concentration/deposition calculations

• Forecast or archived global gridded meteorology

• Windows NT/98/95 available for download

Gridded Meteorological Data

• Forecast– Local (4-16 km): RAMS, MM5

– Regional (40-91 km): MM5, Eta, NGM, RUC

– Hemispheric (111-191 km): AVN, MRF

• Archived– Regional (40-180 km): EDAS, NGM

– Hemispheric (191–381 km): MRF, FNL, Re-analysis

Urban Test-Bed Concept

Urban Observations– High resolution winds,

temperature and humidity

– Wind profilers, temperature/humidity profilers

– radar – SPY-1, WS88D

– In situ temperature and humidity

– ACARS (commercial aviation data)

– Chemical/biological sensing

– In situ Chem/Bio sensors

Partnership with Army, Navy, DTRA, UCAR, DOD-JPO

Examples of Efforts to track Specific Events

Atmospheric Deposition of Mercury to the Great Lakes

Primary Factors Affecting the Transport Range of Mercury Emissions to Air

• Chemical and physical forms of emission

• Physicochemical reactions in clouds

• Gas-particle partitioning of oxidized Hg

• Dry deposition of RGM and aerosol Hg

• Wet deposition

• Meteorology

Atmospheric Program – Closing Thoughts• ARL programs are well integrated with several

other agencies at state, federal and international levels.

• QA efforts are becoming more rigorous.

• Modelers participate in well organized comparison efforts.

• ARL programs could be better linked with NOAA ocean and freshwater programs.