epara - qsl.net 2019.pdf · president: chris saunders aj3c vice president bill carpenter ab3me...

Dedicated to the Eastern Pennsylvania Amateur Radio Association 1

It's August already? The summer is just flying by. July was a good month for the club. We came in

under budget for our Field Day expenses and had some supplies left over for the W9OKA antenna

weekend so we saved some cash on that event as well. Speaking of antenna weekend, the Delta loop

works quite well! We made a good amount of DX contacts on 40 and 20 meters, and a couple stateside

contacts on 15 meters. Those who wanted to learn about loops took advantage of the event to increase

their knowledge about the antenna. It was another successful and fun weekend for all who attended.

We have heard from the IRS and now have an updated EIN so the paperwork for becoming

incorporated has been sent to the state. Thankfully that process is underway again. I hope to have EPARA

incorporated by the fall. Once we are a nonprofit corporation in the state, we will start the process to

make EPARA a 501c3 charitable organization with the IRS.

So, in August we have the Carbon County Fair and the West End Fair. We have several members

who have signed up to help out with both events and I want to thank them for their help. If you are

available, we could always use the extra manpower with the Carbon County Fair so contact Bill AB3ME

and let him know. There will not be a meeting in August as we are going to be at the Carbon County Fair

on the meeting night. The next meeting will be on September 12th at 7:30 PM. We added a new member

at the July meeting so let’s welcome Ken KC3NRC to the club!

I hope you all continue to have a safe and enjoyable summer, 73 for now and good DX.

Chris AJ3C

... . . / -.-- --- ..- / .- .-.. .-.. / .- - / - .... . / -.-. --- ..- -. - -.-- / ..-. .- .. .-. ...

EPARA

Volume 3, Number 8 The Official Newsletter of The Eastern Pennsylvania Amateur Radio Association August 2019

https://www.qsl.net/n3is/

https://www.qsl.net/n3is/

https://www.facebook.com/groups/296425513816860/


The EPARA Beacon is published monthly and is the official (and only) newsletter of the Eastern Pennsylvania

Amateur Radio Association. The club meets on the second Thursday of every month, at the Monroe County 911

Emergency Control Center. The business meeting starts at 7:30 P.M. and visitors ARE ALWAYS welcome to attend!

To join our mailing list or to submit articles for consideration, send an email to: [email protected]

EPARA Nets:

Monroe county ares/races – Sunday’s 8:30 PM, 146.865 MHz, PL 100.0 Hz

SPARK Information/Swap Net – Tuesday’s 8:30 PM, 147.045 MHz, PL 131.8 Hz

EPARA Tech net – Friday’s 8:30 PM, 147.045 MHz, PL 131.8 Hz

Next Meeting: September 12th Monroe County Public Safety Center, 100 Gypsum Rd Stroudsburg, PA 18360

For More Information Contact: Eastern Pennsylvania Amateur Radio Association

Postal Address: PO Box 521 Sciota, PA 18354

Send Email to [email protected] with Questions, Suggestions or Comments Copyright © 1997-2018 Eastern Pennsylvania Amateur Radio Association

Dues are due January 1st

Yearly membership - $15/yr, Spouse - $5/yr

Full time student - $5/yr

Senior (over 62 yrs old) - $5/yr

Lifetime membership - $150

VE testing should resume in September after

our commitments to the county fairs are

behind us. Enjoy your summer!

mailto:[email protected]


• Officers and Committees - 3

• From the Editor’s Desk - 3

• VE Exams & ARES/RACES – 4

• Announcements & Upcoming Events - 5

• Secretaries Report - 6

• Club Calendar – 8

• The Knowledge Test - 9

• A Look Back – 10

• Contest Corral – 11

• The Elmer’s Notebook – 12

• N3IS Antenna Weekend – 13

• New 8-meter band? – 16

• Data Mode Awards – 17

• Battery Capacity – 20

• Code Proficiency Awards - 22

• Tech Corner – 23

• Matching 50Ω to 75Ω - 25

• Antenna Archives #13 – 29

• For Sale! - 32

• US Amateur Band Plan, Morse code – 34

• Local Repeater Info –35

• Solar Forecast – 37

• NTS Corner – 38

Greetings to all!

It’s a hot summer night, I’m listening to the Friday tech net, listening to hard rock

on Spotify, writing the newsletter and drinking a beer – what could go wrong!?!? Hmmm

let’s find out 😉

So, I go and Google Elmer Weekend, and you might think it’s something that other

clubs would have done or been involved with in the past. Guess what – NO! As a matter

of fact, Google reports as it’s very first hit – N3SEI Elmer Weekend! I see a little groundbreaking happening here 😉

Antenna weekend as proven once again to be rather enjoyable! We had some fantastic weather, met a few new

faces along the way and one decided that day to join the club. It’s funny to think that a piece of wire can get you to talk to

someone in France like we did.

I’m continuing my private mission to learn Morse code and having some results finally! Ron N3GGT gave me a

Morse code tutor from MFJ which stresses teaching code correctly using the Farnsworth method – you LISTEN to the code

and remember what you hear in relation to each character. That avoids the pitfall of drawing a mental image of dots and

dashes which will hold you back tremendously. Thanks again Ron!

Hope to see ALL of you at the county fairs! Please come and support your club!

Eric, N3SWR 73! Articles and submissions that would be of interest to radio amateurs are most welcome. Cutoff date for submissions is the

25th of every month to allow for editing. Copyrights are the property of their respective owners and their use is strictly non-

profit/educational and intended to foster the spirit of amateur radio. For any concerns, please email me at: Editor,

[email protected]

President: Chris Saunders AJ3C

Vice President Bill Carpenter AB3ME

Secretary Naomi Lopes KC3GVO

Treasurer Scott Phelan KC3IAO

Member at Large Donald Darcy Jr WK2RP

ARES EC, Charlie KB3JUF

Field Day Coordinator, Chris AJ3C

Quartermaster, Ron N3GGT

Membership Coordinator, Franklin W3OKW

Newsletter Editor, Eric N3SWR

Photographer, Eric N3SWR

Public Information, Don WK3RP

Social Media, Chris AJ3C & Eric N3SWR

Special Event Coordinator, TBD

Technical Program Coordinator, Bill AB3ME

Lead VE, Donald WK2RP

Webmaster, Franklin W3OKW



Anyone looking to take an exam is encouraged to contact Donald WK2RP to preregister at least one (1) week in advance of the test date. If you have any questions or to register, Donald can be reached via email [email protected] and/or phone 914-424-6924. Sessions are the second Friday of the month at 7 PM. The following are this month’s and next month’s testing dates:

VE exam sessions are held at the Monroe County 911 Emergency Control Center located at 100 Gypsum Rd, Stroudsburg, PA 18360 http://www.monroeco911.com/ From route 33/209, take the Snydersville exit to Manor Dr west. Proceed past the Harley Davidson dealership on your right to Mid Easton Belmont Pike. Turn right and immediately right again onto Gypsum Rd. Follow this to the end and park in the visitor’s section.

Amateur Radio Emergency Service

In the United States and Canada, the Amateur Radio Emergency Service (ARES) is a corps

of trained amateur radio operator volunteers organized to assist in public service and

emergency communications. It is organized and sponsored by the American Radio Relay

League and the Radio Amateurs of Canada.

Radio Amateur Civil Emergency Service

The Radio Amateur Civil Emergency Service (RACES) is a standby radio service provided for in Part 97.407 of the Federal Communications Commission rules and regulations governing amateur radio in the United States. Founded in 1952.

For those that are interested in becoming involved in

ARES or RACES or simply have questions feel free to

contact Charlie Borger KB3JUF: [email protected] ,

that’s why he’s here 😉

August 9th September 13th 201 9 ,


http://www.monroeco911.com/



• Carbon County Fair! August 5th – 10th Helping our neighbors run a fun event!

• West End Fair! August 18th – 24th Showing the public who and what are as ham operators!

• Elmer Weekend – September 28th – 20th Fox hunt and satellite communications!

• Readers Fire Department - October 6th


EPARA General Membership Meeting Minuets July 11th 2019

General Membership Meeting 7:30Pm

Open meeting: Meeting called to order at 7:30 pm on June 13th 2019 by Chris AJ3C There was a Quorum.

Total members attending, 18 Visitors present: 2

Pledge of Allegiance / Moment of silence:

Introduction of all present with call signs:

Reading of previous meeting minutes: Meeting minutes read by Naomi (KC3GVO)

Motion to accept minutes as read: By Eric N3SWR 2nd by Ron N3GGT Motion Passed

Treasurers report:

Treasures report read by Scott, KC3IAO, Motion to accept reports by Bob KE3MX 2nd by Joe KB3VRS Motion Passed

Correspondence: Received QSL Card from WA2GFN for Field Day and a thank you card from the Red Cross for the Run for the Red. Sent

thank you letter Robert KB3DTR

Reports of officers and committee’s:

Bill AB3ME – Program Committee:

There will be a video presentation about RF chokes tonight

Charlie KB3JUF – Ares/Races: Yaesu ft 847 is setup and working for phone and digital modes in the radio room we need to address upgrading the antenna

on the roof. 11 members have been registered to ARES connect, all ARES members should bring a VHF go kit to antenna

weekend.

Don WK2RP – PIO, Instruction and Training:

There is a tech class starting on September 11 we received a certificate of appreciation from Senator Mario Scavello

Frank W3OKW - Website and Membership:

Nothing to report

Ron N3GGT – Quartermaster:

Club received donation of aYaesu FT847 radio, cushcraft A270-6s 3 element yagi 2m/70cm, Cushcraft AR10 10-meter

vertical antenna, M2 Antennas 6M3 6-meter 3 element yagi, M2 Antennas 2M4 2meter 4 element yagi, a 7 element 70cm

yagi, and 50 ft of rg8 coax. Also received various power strips and rf connectors.

Eric N3SWR – Newsletter and Communications: Newsletter is going well; we have a lot of photos to archive.

Chris AJ3C – Field Day: Field Day 2019 was a very successful outing, we had better attendance and number of operators than last year. Pennsylvania

State Senator Mario Scavello visited us to present a senate resolution declaring June as amateur radio month in PA. Our

number of contacts where down from last year due to band conditions and issues with getting the digital station on the air.

Satellite contacts where not achieved but we learned much about tracking and using satellites for qso's. Our score should be


about the same as last year, and everyone who attended had a great time.

Old business: 501c3 Update, Paperwork for processing the new EIN request was mailed to the IRS in May. Still Awaiting a response from

the IRS. I will be calling IRS for update.

W9OKA Antenna weekend is July 27th and 28th with setup if necessary on Friday the 26th. We will be building a 40-meter

delta loop. We have the materials needed for the project. Club will be providing drinks and lunch for participants.

Carbon County Fair is August 5th till the 10th (Monday – Saturday) 4-10 pm weekdays and 2 – 10 on Saturday.

We Need commitments to help with this fund-raising activity. All volunteers will get eight dollars a day for food.

West end Fair public relations booth in the Evert building, need members to man booth for 4-hour shifts. Fair runs from

August 18th till August 24th Fairground open noon till 10pm.

New business: The Club has received a donation of several VHF/UHF beam antennas, a 10-meter vertical antenna and Yaesu 847

HF/VHF/UHF rig. The new rig has been installed in the Radio room. The Kenwood radio will now serve as a backup rig and

will be available for field use.

N3SEI Elmer weekend is on September 28th and 29th , we will be holding another fox hunt and continuing satellite QSO's.

Digital stations can be made be available to learn about various modes and software

Votes / New members: Kenneth Smith KC3NRC voted in unanimously

Announcements:

The SCARC Hamfest is on Sunday July 14th .

There will not be a meeting in August due to the carbon county fair activity, next club meeting will be on September 12 2019

Adjournment…

Meeting was adjourned at 8:45 PM Motion to close by Pete KB3YKJ 2nd by Dan KC3JCE Motion Passed Meeting followed by a video presentation about RF chokes

Respectfully submitted

Naomi Lepes, KC3GVO


July Monthly Meeting


Ladder Line Twist

There are two electrical reasons unshielded lines should be twisted. Both are caused by the

fact induction and radiation fields extend outside the line.

One requirement for twist is so each conductor is exposed to the environment around the

line the same. Twisting the line averages out external unbalance over the length of the

line, and helps the line stay balanced. In this case the twist-to-twist distance should be

more frequent in distance than the spacing of the line from things that might unbalance it.

That's why a small RF transformer with twisted two-wire line lying next to other windings

must have many twists-per-inch, and the same wire in open air will remain balanced with

very few twists per inch.

The second requirement is to prevent radiation. Even if the wire is held symmetrical to

other objects, or is a large distance from them, the line still has a field outside of the

line. The field maximum extends in a plane directly in a line through the two conductors,

and is minimum at right angles to the wide dimension of the line.

If you do not twist the line at many fractions of a wavelength, that radiation will not

cancel no matter how carefully you balance the line.

(One way to look at this problem is the line acts like a very close- spaced two-element

antenna, with each element 180 degrees out- of-phase.)

Even the old open-wire telephone lines were transposed periodically to minimize these

effects.

Third, those that have used ladder line for a time have learned that purposefully putting

a few twists into the feedline (a couple per foot or so) will keep the line from whipping

around in the breeze, and result in much better circumstances for the line. Also keeps snow

from accumulating too much on those long horizontal runs!

73, Tom W8JI

Credits: http://lists.contesting.com/_towertalk/2002-03/msg00000.html

Knowledge Test

Which of the following can cause receiver desensitization?

A. Audio gain adjusted too low

B. Strong adjacent channel signals

C. Audio bias adjusted too high

D. Squelch gain misadjusted

Last month’s answer was, A.

Just sending your call one or twice if necessary is the most efficient and effective way to break through a

pileup. If you listen to a pileup you will see how this works and why this is the correct way to attempt

contacting the calling station.

http://lists.contesting.com/_towertalk/2002-03/msg00000.html


Antenna Traps

This month we will talk about antenna traps, antenna traps have long been a home-brewers favorite, they're easy to make and with just a small amount of design consideration you can make an effective multi band antenna. I bet most of you have an antenna that uses traps and some of you don’t know it. If you have a 2 meter / 440 dual band mobile antenna you have a trapped antenna, that coil on your whip blocks the one band but allows the other to pass so you have one antenna that has two different resonant lengths. So what is a trap and how does it work? A trap is simply a capacitive (C) circuit and an inductive (L) circuit connected in parallel. This LC circuit is in essence a filter circuit, blocking a certain frequency range with high resistance or more accurately impedance and allowing the other frequencies to pass. As far as the blocked RF signal is concerned the antenna element has ended, put the trap in the correct spot (a quarter wavelength) and you have a resonant antenna at the frequency the trap is tuned for. As the frequency deviates from that high impedance point the impedance decreases and eventually reaches a level that the RF can pass as if the circuit was not there, well almost not there I guess is a more accurate way of stating it. It sounds more complex than it really is, think of a trap as a switch that opens at a certain frequency but remains closed at the others. The illustration below shows how it works.

So how do you make a trap? There are several ways to make traps, search the internet and you will find all kinds of designs, you could also dive into the ARRL Antenna handbook for the formulas and design your own from scratch. A favorite way for hams to do this is to use coax wrapped around a PVC pipe. Tony Fields VE6YP has a Coaxial Trap Designer program and this is a good program to get you started with a trap design, it is available as freeware at http://www.qsl.net/ve6yp/. Once you know how many turns for your type of coax on the size pipe your using, making one is simple enough. Below is an image of how a trap is constructed.

Be prepared to tweak your coil design a bit! The trial and error part of home-brewing antennas has always been the fun part of the building process, at least for me anyway.

As with any antenna design there is no free lunch, so trapped antennas have drawbacks. First of all they have a somewhat limited SWR bandwidth. This can be manageable if you limit the number of coils on any single antenna element. The other thing to remember is, coax coils add losses to your signal. All in all if you take all things into consideration, traps may be the answer your looking for with your next antenna project.

73 till next month

http://www.qsl.net/ve6yp/


This years Antenna Weekend event turned out to be one to remember.

Not only was the weather FANTASTIC, we all had a great time and

managed to talk to France on 20 meters after the loop was built! SWR

was checked to be 1.2 – not bad at all! Below are some highlites of the

day that I managed to capture.

Point it... THIS WAY!

Trust me… I know what I’m doing!

I got tools - and I know how to use them!

Up we go!


They gave Charlie tools... Oh No,,,,, Are we sure we have to right coordinated this time?

Ron N3GGT using an old leg iron Lunch time!

Practice... Practice ... Practice... Time torelaxl a bit ;)


Bob WA2JTW at the helm!

Talking to the Jamboree -On-The-Air!

Hello? ............ I SAID HELLO!

The group used configuration D with a takeoff angle off about 27 degrees


New 8-Meter Amateur Band?

June 29, 2019 Colin Butler

The FCC has put on public notice for comment a Petition for Rulemaking (RM-11843) that seeks the creation of

a new 8-meter Amateur Radio allocation on a secondary basis. The Petition suggests the new band could be

centered on an industrial-scientific-medical (ISM) segment somewhere between 40.51 and 40.70 MHz. The

spectrum between 40 and 41 MHz is currently allocated to the Federal Government and, as such, within the

purview of the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA). ARRL member Michelle

Bradley, KU3N, of Maryland, filed the petition in May on behalf of REC Networks, which she founded and

described in the Petition as “a leading advocate for a citizen’s access to spectrum,” including Amateur Radio

spectrum.

The Petition said the objective of a new band would

be “an effort to foster experimentation into the

propagation characteristics of this band midway

between the 10- and 6-meter bands.” An allocation in

the 8-meter band is available to radio amateurs in

Ireland, where the Irish Radio Transmitters Society

has developed a band plan for 40 – 41 MHz.REC

anticipates “very low” usage of the new band, “with

peak usage around sporadic-E episodes, operating

events such as ARRL Field Day, and VHF contests, as

well as during the peak of sunspot cycles,” Bradley told the Commission. “[W]e feel that the sharing of 40 MHz

can be accomplished in a manner that serves the needs of the Amateur Radio Service while meeting the

organizational missions of Federal Government agencies that utilize this spectrum.”

Interested parties may file short comments on RM-11843 via the FCC’s Electronic Comment Filing Service

(Express). Visit the FCC “How to Comment on FCC Proceedings” page for information on filing extended

comments

Credits: https://www.icqpodcast.com/news/2019/6/29/new-8-meter-amateur-band

https://www.icqpodcast.com/news/2019/6/29/new-8-meter-amateur-band

https://www.icqpodcast.com/news/2019/6/29/new-8-meter-amateur-band


Applying for data mode awards the easy way!

WGA FT8 Award – Worked 100 Grid Locators using FT8

Recently I discovered a really easy way of applying for the

various Digital operating awards, and I thought I’d share it

with you all. If you’ve done any PSK or FT8 operating, you may

have already earned quite a few, but not even realized it. There

are a number of Digital operating clubs that run many awards;

for example two that I’m a member of are EPC (European

Phase Shift Keying Club) and FT8DMC.

I was aware of some of these awards, but had not looked at them in any real depth and assumed I’d have

to do some work to apply for them... I was quite wrong!

There’s some nifty software that really takes the hard work out, it’s called UltimateAAC (Ultimate Award

Management Software). So apart from the snazzy name, what does this software do? It essentially analyses

your main ADIF log for your digital QSO’s and tells you which awards (available from the various clubs) you

are eligible to apply for, and then lets you apply for them with one click! Now that really takes the hard work

out! They currently support around 10 digital clubs.

The various different Digital clubs offer a myriad of different awards, but you don’t even have to learn which

ones are available, UltimateAAC just tells you which ones you are eligible for, which is useful because some

our quite obscure!

I downloaded UltimateAAC, entered my details and

EPC and FT8DMC membership numbers and told it

to do its thing. It showed me that I could apply for

many PSK related awards, which made sense

because I’ve used this mode extensively since 2013

and a few FT8 awards. A single click after this and

I’d applied for loads. The software generates the

application automatically, I.e. sends the supporting

log data along with the application. Then I waited

for a torrent of digital awards to arrive..

Would I print off and frame a lot of these awards?

Well, no I wouldn’t. But it is interesting to see what

you have done with a certain mode, regardless of the

value you may, or may not, attach to such awards.

Here’s some of the awards I’ve received (in no particular order):

Russian Prefixes PSK Award – 31 prefixes worked

http://www.hamblog.co.uk/applying-for-data-mode-awards-the-easy-way/

https://www.eupsk.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3&Itemid=101

https://www.ft8dmc.eu/AWARDS

https://www.eupsk.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=8&Itemid=112


Worked 50 DXCC Countries PSK Award Most Wanted Croatians Award – Third Manhunt

Working Nineteen ITU Zones PSK Award

French Phase Shift Keying Award – 10 French Departments

Lombardy PSK Award – working EPC members in the Lombardy region of Italy


Working 500 European Stations PSK Award

European Union PSK Award – Silver – Worked 25 EU countries using PSK

Worked 200 European Areas PSK Award

Francisco Pizarro Award – Worked EPC Members in 12 provinces of Spain

EPCRU – 100 points – Working EPC members in Russia


Credits: http://www.hamblog.co.uk/applying-for-data-mode-awards-the-easy-way/

Does mAh measure how long a battery would last?

Milliamp-Hour (mAh or mA·h) is not how many milliamperes a battery can deliver in an hour. That would be mA/h. Current, measured in amperes, is already a rate of the flow of charge. Specially, one ampere is one coulomb per second. So, if current is like speed, then mA/h is like acceleration, and mAh is like distance. Rather, mAh it is a measure of current capacity over time. It is what you get when you multiply current by time. By multiplying by time, the "per time" part of the ampere is cancelled, and you get back to charge.

Worked European EPC Members Award – 50 EPC Members from Europe Worked EPC World Wide Members Award – 100 EPC Members from across the world

Worked EPC Africa Award – 5 EPC Members from across Africa Worked Ten WAZ Zones PSK Award

http://www.hamblog.co.uk/applying-for-data-mode-awards-the-easy-way/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulomb


If an ampere is a coulomb per second, then:

And by dimensional analysis:

For example, if you draw 1 mA for 1 hour from a battery, you have used 1 mA · 1 h = 1 mAh of charge. If you draw 2 mA for 5 hours, you have used 2 mA · 5 h = 10 mAh.

You can approximate how long a battery will last by dividing its total charge (in mAh) by your nominal load current (in mA). Say you have an 1800 mAh battery, and you connect it to a 20 mA load:

This is an approximation because:

• The charge capacity (the number measured in mAh) is determined by measuring how much charge can be removed from the battery before voltage drops to some arbitrarily selected level where the battery is considered "discharged". This may or may not be the threshold at which your circuit no longer functions. Battery manufacturers, wanting to make their batteries seem as good as possible, typically select a very low threshold voltage.

• Assuming you are considering charge available only down to some voltage threshold, the actual charge available from the battery depends on temperature, and the rate at which you discharge it. Lower temperatures slow the chemical reaction in the battery, making it harder to extract charge. Higher rates of discharge increase losses in the battery, decreasing the voltage, thus hitting the "discharged" voltage threshold limit sooner.

• The electric potential difference provided by the chemicals in the battery is actually constant; what makes the voltage decrease is the depletion of the chemicals around the electrodes and degradation of the electrodes and electrolyte. This is why battery voltage can recover after a period without use. So, the point at which the threshold voltage is reached can actually be quite complex to determine.

If you use the battery to operate something that doesn't require much current, it will last a long time.

Be aware that batteries (cells, really) have a nonlinear depletion characteristic. Even though milliamp-hours is a finite amount of charge, you must realize that not all of it will be usable by a given load at a given voltage, and that the value given by the manufacturer is generally for the case where the cell is powering something with low current demands. In that situation, you get almost all of the available energy. However, when you power something that requires more current, you won't actually get the full capacity.

Credit: https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/79279/does-mah-measure-how-long-a-battery-would-last

https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/79279/does-mah-measure-how-long-a-battery-would-last


ARRL Amping up Code Proficiency Awards

Greetings Morse Code Enthusiasts.

I have some exciting news that I want to share with you! The ARRL has reinvigorated the W1AW Code

Proficiency Certificate program. Several things have changed beginning with our new sponsor, Vibroplex, a

legend in Morse telegraphy equipment. If you see Scott Robbins W4PA and the Vibroplex team at a hamfest or

convention please be sure to thank him for his support. The Vibroplex logo will appear on the newly designed

certificates (see below) and in the award recipient page that will appear every month in QST.

That’s right, each month in QST we will

publish the most recent recipients of the

W1AW Code Proficiency Certificate,

beginning with all the 2019 recipients. As a

bonus, we are sending all the 2019 CPC

holders a new certificate at no cost to replace

their older style award.

The award is available to anyone who copies

one solid minute of code during the

qualifying runs. Complete program details

can be found on the web

at http://www.arrl.org/code-proficiency-

certificate.

And to make the award available to more

people we will double the number of

opportunities to copy the CW

text. Beginning September 2019, the

qualifying runs will increase from twice per week to four times per week.

I am sharing this advanced notice with the Morse code clubs so that you can share it with your members. I have

attached PDF files of the new certificate and the announcement that will appear in August QST, available in

digital format July 8. I hope you are as excited about this as I am.

In closing, I want personally thank all of you who promote the use and proficiency of Morse code on the air waves

and ask that you challenge your club members to submit their copy for the W1AW Code Proficiency Certificate.

73, Norm Fusaro, W3IZ Director of Operations

Credits:https://www.kb6nu.com/arrl-amping-up-code-proficiency-

awards/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+kb6nu%2FEiYP+%28KB6NU%27s+Ha

m+Radio+Blog%29

http://www.arrl.org/code-proficiency-certificate

http://www.arrl.org/code-proficiency-certificate

https://www.kb6nu.com/arrl-amping-up-code-proficiency-awards/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+kb6nu%2FEiYP+%28KB6NU%27s+Ham+Radio+Blog%29



https://www.kb6nu.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/2019-Code-Proficiecncy-Certificate-Vibroplex.jpg


Active Components

An active device is any type of circuit component with the ability to electrically control electron flow (electricity controlling electricity). In order for a circuit to be properly called electronic, it must contain at least one active device. Active devices include, but are not limited to, vacuum tubes, transistors, silicon-controlled rectifiers (SCRs), and TRIACs. A case might be made for the saturable reactor to be defined as an active device, since it is able to control an AC current with a DC current. All active devices control the flow of electrons through them. Some active devices allow a voltage to control a current while other active devices allow another current to do the job. Devices utilizing a static voltage as the controlling signal are, not surprisingly, called voltage-controlled devices. Devices working on the principle of one current controlling another current are known as current-controlled devices. For the record, vacuum tubes are voltage-controlled devices while transistors are made as either voltage-controlled or current controlled types. The first type of transistor successfully demonstrated was a current-controlled device. The FET – Field Effect Transistor, is one example of a voltage controlled device where a voltage controls a current and is very similar to a vacuum tube amplifier in operation.

A diode has an active element – a PN junction, so it needs an external source (either voltage or current) in order to initiate the operation. When the diode is linked with an electric circuit, it does not start conducting the current unless the source potential approaches 0.3 V (for Germanium) or 0.7 V (for Silicon).

Passive Components

Components that cannot provide any power gain to the circuit are called passive devices. . They also can't rely on a source of power, except for what is available from the (AC) circuit they are connected to. As a consequence they can't amplify (increase the power of a signal), although they may increase a voltage or current (such as is done by a

transformer or resonant circuit). Some examples for passive devices are resistors, inductors and capacitors. Although passive components cannot amplify a signal with a gain more than one, they can multiply a

signal by a value less than one. They also can oscillate, phase shift and filter signals. Some passive components also have the capability to store energy (drawn from an active element) and release later. Example: capacitors and inductors.

Tech Corner

Active versus Passive Devices

https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/textbook/semiconductors/chpt-13/introduction-electron-tubes/

https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/video-lectures/bipolar-transistors-intro/

https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/textbook/semiconductors/chpt-7/silicon-controlled-rectifier-scr/

https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/textbook/semiconductors/chpt-7/silicon-controlled-rectifier-scr/

https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/textbook/semiconductors/chpt-7/the-triac/

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjv6LHRmcjhAhVIF6wKHQ3PCr0QjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https://www.codrey.com/dc-circuits/active-and-passive-elements/&psig=AOvVaw14MZ3Xs1hDRS_k_rq9YVEE&ust=1555077503703500


As an example, a resistor is a passive element since it does not need an external source (either voltage or current) in order to initiate normal operation. When the resistor is linked with an electric circuit with the supply voltage, it starts working without utilizing any particular voltage.

https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/textbook/semiconductors/chpt-1/active-versus-passive-devices/

https://www.quora.com/Whats-the-exact-difference-between-an-active-and-a-passive-element

http://electricalacademia.com/electrical-comparisons/difference-between-active-components-and-passive-components/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_component

https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/textbook/semiconductors/chpt-1/active-versus-passive-devices/

https://www.quora.com/Whats-the-exact-difference-between-an-active-and-a-passive-element



https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_component


Matching 50Ω to 75Ω

Most signal generators have an output impedance of 50Ω. To align an FM tuner or measure its performance, it's best to match this to the tuner's 75Ω input impedance. Mismatch loss is only 0.2 dB, but a source impedance that differs from the design value may alter the RF input circuit bandwidth or resonant frequency. This can degrade front-end tracking and affect intermod or desensitization measurements.

Minimum-Loss Pad

A simple minimum-loss pad provides a broadband match. Use chip resistors or the shortest possible lead lengths to minimize stray inductance and pickup of local broadcast signals. Loss is 5.6 dB for the 5% values shown. For calibrated voltage output, set the signal generator to 1.55 times the desired output level in microvolts. (For 1% resistors, use 43.2Ω and 86.6Ω. Loss is 5.7 dB.)

L-Network

An L-network is nearly lossless. This circuit isn't broadband like a minimum-loss pad, but it easily covers 88–108 MHz.


This shows an L-network in a small metal box. The inductor is made of #14 wire and the capacitor is a small mica trimmer. I adjusted the turns spacing and the trimmer for best return loss over the FM band. Response must be checked with the box cover in place.

This shows the return loss of the L-network with a coaxial 75Ω load from 88 to 108 MHz. I used an HP 141T/8553B/8552B spectrum analyzer, 8443A tracking generator, and Anzac THV-50 power splitter. The return loss of the power splitter with a 50Ω load was a constant 30 dB across the FM band. This is the limit of the test setup. Results beyond this figure indicate cancellation of the residual return loss. The L-network loss measured 0.05 dB. For calibrated voltage output, set the generator to 0.83 times the desired output level in microvolts.


Twelfth-Wave Transformer

A twelfth-wave transformer can match 50Ω to 75Ω with negligible loss and no adjustment. It is a special case of a series-section transformer.

The transformer consists of a 75Ω coax section in series with a 50Ω section, each about 1⁄12-wavelength long. At 98 MHz the section length for solid-dielectric coax with a velocity factor of 66% is 6½″. For foam dielectric at 83%, it is 8⅛″. For best accuracy, obtain the manufacturer's specified velocity factor for your cable. Then use the twelfth-wave transformer calculator in this set of transmission line utilities to find the section lengths and to analyze performance over the FM band.

https://www.cv.nrao.edu/~demerson/twelfth/twelfth.htm

http://ham-radio.com/k6sti/TL.ZIP


To splice the sections, cut the cable jackets back ¼″, strip the dielectric ⅛″, overlap the center conductors, and solder them. Place a ⅛″ piece of slit dielectric over the joint, put a dab of superglue in the slit, overlap the shields, and solder them. Cover the splice with heat-shrink tubing.

For lab use, install a BNC connector on the 75Ω cable and an F-connector on the 50Ω cable. I assume the impedance changes ½″ from the end of the BNC and ¼″ from the end of the F. When cutting the cables, account for this, for the center-conductor length each connector requires, and for the splice overlap, which effectively shortens the 75Ω section ⅛″.

This shows SWR for a twelfth-wave transformer cut for 98 MHz.

Like the L-network, the twelfth-wave transformer loss measured 0.05 dB. For calibrated voltage output, set the generator to 0.83 times the desired output level in microvolts.

Matching 50Ω to 300Ω

Vacuum tube tuners provide 300Ω antenna terminals. They may connect to a balanced RF transformer with a floating or grounded centertap, or to an unbalanced input circuit with one terminal grounded. For a grounded centertap, connect a 50:75Ω matching network to one antenna terminal and nearby chassis ground. For an unbalanced input, use the following matching network. Use it also for a balanced floating input by grounding one antenna terminal.

Loss is 13.3 dB. For calibrated voltage output, set the generator to 1.88 times the desired output level in microvolts.

Credits: http://ham-radio.com/k6sti/match.htm

http://ham-radio.com/k6sti/match.htm


Delta Loops for HF

"You'll love lower noise and relative gain over a dipole's ears"

After having marginal results on 17 meters using my Alpha-Delta DX-EE with a tuner, I put up a resonant dipole. The

dipole worked pretty well as most resonant antennas do; however, after considering some other alternative wire designs I

decided to try a full wave Delta Loop. After using the loop for a couple of days with decent band conditions, I have never

looked back. Its performance compared to the dipole has been very impressive. Please note that the DX-EE is designed for

40-20-15-10 and works very well on these bands.

The diagram above depicts the 17 and 20 meter delta loops setup at my QTH. Height wise, it probably represents a worst

case scenario since the 17 m DL slopes off of my push-up pole from about 22 feet up the pole and the base of its triangle is

only 14 feet off of the ground! The 6x8 utility trailer that is parked directly below it doesn't seem to affect its efficiency at

all. My larger 20 meter delta works just as well sloped off of my chimney at only 18 feet or so up. I contacted AL7AC in

and for my final state of Alaska for Worked All States on the 20m looper and N8S in a pile up at Swain's Island on my full

wave 17m resonate copper triangle.

Antenna Archives #13


A delta loop fed from the bottom or top is horizontally polarized and can be vertically polarized by feeding it from a corner

at the base. Many antenna Elmers note that the DX performance is better on a Delta with vertical polarization but the top

feed has not kept me away from plenty of great DX contacts all over the world during a time when the sunspot cycle isn't

at its best. I chose to feed it at the apex (a) to give it a moderately high radiation angle and horizontal polarization. Mainly

to avoid bombarding the houses next to and behind me with RF.

I constructed this antenna with the most streamlined and easiest layout for my particular QTH. What attracted me to try a

Delta the most was the Delta's reputation for working well close to the ground. And boy does it. Since it is a full wave

antenna, you get twice the wire of a dipole into and onto the air. Divide the wire length shown in the table below for the

desired band by 3 to determine the size of the triangle. The distance required between the rope tie off points is most likely

the only show stopper for some residential QTHs.

The raw impedance of this loop is 90 to 120 ohms and a 1/4 wave length of 75 ohm coax can be used to match it. (some say

use 73 ohm coax) However, the high quality W2DU 1:4 current balun ( Catalog # W2AU4) was chosen instead because

regular RG8x 50 ohm coax connected right to it and it was a faster setup than hassling with cutting and connecting a

matching stub at the feed point. Further, it provides a solid mechanical base for the apex of the triangle to tension the base

and sides from and has a built in lightening arrestor.

To determine the length of the wire needed for the desired band, simply divide the desired resonant frequency in MHz into

1005 e.g. 1005 / 18.118 = 55.31 feet for mid-band 17 meters. Make sure that the 1:4 balun you choose supports the

desired band and you are good to go. Stretch the delta out in a triangle on the ground and mark the wire at the 1/3 and 2/3

lengths to assist you with the location of the bottom insulators when you string her into the air to get as perfect of a triangle

as possible for your QTH. I didn't perform this useful oversight but will on future loops. Also, I used a formula from an

article I saw on eham on the Delta for my initial wire cut which ended up being too short. It was resonant at 19.400 MHz or

so and I added the amount of wire that put it very close or equal to the result shown above. Cut it two feet or so long if you

prefer removing wire instead of adding. An antenna analyzer was a big help while tuning and the additional wire needed

was easily spliced together and soldered. After tuning, the SWR range across the entire band from bottom to top ranged

from 1:1.3 to 1:1.15. Be sure to wind 6 to 8 turns of coax about the diameter of a coffee can at the feed point to keep

RF out of the shack and to provide a higher impedance path for lightening. The antenna doesn't have to tie off into a

perfect triangle, square. or rectangle to function; however, scuttlebutt among HAMs is that it does its best as a triangle or

square.

Calculated wire lengths at mid-band

10 meters 34.835 feet








75/80 meters 269.798 feet


If you have been thinking about a Delta loop in place of a dipole, you should seriously consider it. It does take up some real

estate even in its 17 or 20 meter flavors compared to a dipole, but in my case it has been well worth it. Unfortunately, this

DL configuration is not resonant on any other bands but there are multi-band Delta designs available that use ladder line at

the feed point in addition to a ladder line matching stub on the opposite end. However, you may find that your mono band

delta loop may tune up on its second harmonic at a higher frequency e.g. 160 m loop on 80, 80 m loop on 40, 20 m loop on

10, etc. My SWR testing on the second harmonics showed RF and SWR needles swinging up and down together which

usually isn't a good indication of an efficient antenna. I have also learned that tuning up at the desired frequency seems to

provide the best signal to noise ratio for the human ear; however, those without a tuner should have no fear after building

their delta resonant for the band.

Listening in on two or three simultaneous QSOs on the same frequency that can't hear each other has been a real joy and is

just one testament of the advantages I have found with these delta loops. The two to three less S units of ground noise over

the dipole is probably the best feature of a loop and makes a dipole vs delta gain debate not worth the effort.

You can't work 'em, if you can't hear 'em, Stephen D. Culp, W5SDC


• Yaesu FT-950 w/cover

• MD-200 Desk mic

• HF-2 remote keypad

All pieces are in mint condition. $950 firm. If interested please

contact Bob – KE3MX; email: [email protected]

RigBlaster in the pictures is NOT included in this purchase…



(1.25m band frequencies are marked in GREEN)

Output Frequency / Memory Label / TX PL Tone / Call Sign / (NOTES) / Location

---- Monroe county PA area ----

147.045 / EPARA-V / 131.8 / WA3MDP / (linked to N3TXG, Bangor / EchoLink) / Bangor, PA

447.225 / EPARA-U / 131.8 / N3TXG / (linked to WA3MDP, Bangor) / Bangor, PA

146.865 / SKYWARN / 100.0 / WX3OES / (Monroe County OEM) / Snydersville, PA

145.230 / W3WAN / 77.0 / W3WAN / (linked to the Wide Area Network Repeater System / AllStar) / Tannersville, PA

445.375 / POHOBO / 91.5 / K4MTP / (linked to the K4MTP Six Meter System) / Pohopoco Mountain, PA

448.375 / WOODALE / 91.5 / N3JNZ / (Limited range, 10 mile radius) / Wooddale, PA

446.575 / PMPLE-N / 151.4 / KG3I / (On Pimple Hill, linked to KA3NRJ, Allentown) / Long Pond, PA (Near the Pocono Raceway)

224.340 / LPOND21 / 131.8 / KB3WW / () / Long Pond, PA

224.920 / LPOND22 / 127.3 / K4MTP / () / Long Pond, PA

446.225 / ROSSTWP / 131.8 / N3TXG / (MAY BE DOWN, have not been able to reach it) / Ross Township, PA

449.875 / WINDGAP / 131.8 / KC2IRV / (AllStar) / Wind Gap, PA

---- New Jersey ----

448.175 / HOPATCG / 141.3 / N2OZO / () / Hopatcong Borough, NJ

224.280 / HOPAT2 / 88.5 / N2QJN / () / Hopatcong, NJ

147.300 / NEWTONV / 151.4 / W2LV / (linked to both 1.25m and 70cm W2LV) / Newton, NJ

443.000 / NEWTONU / 103.5 / W2LV / (linked to both 2 meter and 1.25m W2LV) / Newton, NJ

147.210 / NEWTON / 151.4 / W2LV / () / Newton, NJ

224.500 / NEWTON2 / 141.3 / W2LV / (linked to both 2 meter and 70cm W2LV) / Newton, NJ (Kittatiny Mountain)

448.075 / HACKETT / 141.3 / WW2BSA / () / Hackettstown, NJ (Strand Theater/Hackettstown Center for the Arts)

146.925 / VERNON / 141.3 / W2VER / () / Vernon, NJ

146.820 / WASHTON / 110.9 / W2SJT / (EchoLink) / Washington, NJ (Montana Mountain)

146.985 / ROXBURY / 131.8 / K2GG / (EchoLink) / Roxbury, NJ (Mooney Mountain Meadows)

147.375 / CHERRY / 151.4 / WB2NQV / () / Cherryville, NJ

223.780 / WARREN2 / 110.9 / WC2EM / () / Washington, NJ

223.860 / BDLAKE2 / 136.5 / W2RM / () / Budd Lake, NJ

224.720 / MTARL2 / 141.3 / WB2SLJ / () / Mount Arlington, NJ

---- New York state ----

449.125 / PJARVIS / 114.8 / N2ACF / (Linked to the N2ACF System) / Port Jarvis, NY

145.350 / SHOLANY / 114.8 / K3TSA / (this is the remote receiver located in Port Jervis, NY for K3TSA) / Schahola, PA

446.125 / GLNSPEY / 114.8 / N2ACF / (Linked to the N2ACF System) / Glen Spey, NY

224.540 / MIDTOWN / 156.7 / WR2MSN / () / Middletown, NY

449.875 / WRTSBRO / 114.8 / N2ACF / (Linked to the N2ACF System) / Wurtsboro, NY

449.225 / NYC / 82.5 / KQ2H / (Linked to the KQ2H System) / Manhattan, NY (Empire State Building) See Note #1

---- Pike, Lackawanna, and Luzerne counties, PA ----

145.330 / DINGMAN / 141.3 / AA2HA / (MAY BE DOWN, have not been able to reach it) / Dingman’s Ferry

146.715 / SHOHOLA / 82.5 / K3TSA / () / Shohola Falls, PA

145.350 / SHOLAPA / 100.0 / K3TSA / () / Schahola, PA

146.940 / SCRANTN / 127.3 / K3CSG / () / Scranton, PA

224.560 / SCRANT2 / 136.5 / KC3MN / (Linked to 448.825 N3EVW, Scranton) / Scranton & Dunmore, PA

145.450 / WILKESB / 82.5 / K3YTL / () / Wilkes-Barre, PA (Bunker Hill)

224.420 / WILKES2 / 94.8 / N3DAP / () / Wilkes-Barre, PA (Penobscot Knob)

146.805 / HUNLOCK / 88.5 / N3CSE / () / Hunlock Creek, PA

224.600 / HAZLE2 / 77.0 / W3RC / () / Hazleton, PA

441.900 / HAZLETN / 114.8 / W3RC / (EchoLink AllStar) / Hazleton, PA

---- Lehigh Valley PA area ----

145.270 / EASTON / 151.4 / W3IFI / (EchoLink) / Easton, PA (Braden Airport)

224.740 / EASTON2 / 100.0 / KB3AJF / () / Easton, PA

146.700 / NZRTH-V / 151.4 / W3OK / (Linked to 444.900 W3OK) / Nazareth, PA

444.900 / NZRTH-U / 151.4 / W3OK / (Linked to 146.700 W3OK) / Nazareth, PA

444.100 / PMPLE-S / 151.4 / KA3NRJ / (Linked to KG3I, Long Pond-EchoLink AllStar) / Allentown, PA (South Mountain)

146.655 / MGNHILL / 136.5 / N3LWY / () / Lehigh Valley-Easton, PA (Morgan Hill)

146.940 / LEHIGHM / 79.7 / W3OI / () / Allentown, PA (Lehigh Mountain)

224.080 / ALLEN21 / 203.5 / KA3NRJ / (Linked to 444.100 KA3NRJ, Allentown) / Allentown, PA

224.400 / ALLEN22 / 127.3 / K4MTP / () / Allentown, PA (South Mountain)

443.350 / ALNTOWN / 100.0 / N3XG / (Linked to W3EPE, Palmerton-EchoLink) / Allentown, PA (Scholl Woodlands Preserve)

---- Carbon county, PA ----

147.255 / JIMTHRP / 162.2 / W3HA / (EchoLink) / Jim Thorpe, PA

449.375 / PALMRTN / 100.0 / W3EPE / (Linked to N3XG, Allentown) / Palmerton, PA (Blue Mountain)

---- Simplex ----

146.520 / V-CALL / 100.0 / (2 meter simplex calling frequency) / ---

Local Repeater/Frequency Info Courtesy of Chris N3XCK

https://www.repeaterbook.com/repeaters/details.php?state_id=42&ID=6746






https://www.repeaterbook.com/repeaters/feature_search.php?system=Wide%20Area%20Network%20Repeater%20System&state_id=%25&type=systems


https://www.repeaterbook.com/repeaters/feature_search.php?system=K4MTP%20Six%20Meter%20System&state_id=%25&type=systems























https://www.repeaterbook.com/repeaters/feature_search.php?system=N2ACF%20System&state_id=%25&type=systems








https://www.repeaterbook.com/repeaters/feature_search.php?system=KQ2H%20System&state_id=%25&type=systems





























VHF SIMPLEX FREQUENCIES

446.000 / U-CALL / 100.0 / (70cm simplex calling frequency) / ---

UHF SIMPLEX FREQUENCIES

223.500 / 2-CALL / 100.0 / (1.25 meter simplex calling frequency) / ---

---- Government (RECEIVE ONLY!) ----

460.500 / PDSOUTH / Monroe County POLICE SOUTH (Stroud Area Regional Police, ESU Police)

453.750 / MC FIRE / Monroe County Fire and Ambulance Dispatch, See Note #2

460.300 / BUSHKIL / Monroe County FIRE NORTHEAST (Bushkill & Marshalls Creek Fire Departments)

453.625 / BFD OPS / Bushkill Fire Department-Tactical

460.625 / STROUD / Monroe County FIRE EAST (Stroudsburg & East Stroudsburg Fire Departments)

453.5375 / FIRETAC / Monroe County Fire-Tactical

155.400 / EMS A6 / Monroe County EMS Channel A6 (Main channel)

460.400 / PTWP PD / Monroe County POLICE NORTH (Pocono Township PD)

460.150 / PMRP / Monroe County Pocono Mountain Regional Police

460.425 / COUNTYP / Monroe County Police “Countywide” (mostly Sheriff’s Office)

460.275 / PD TAC / Monroe County Police-Tactical

453.450 / EMSCOMM / Monroe County EMS Command (used only during mass events)

452.200 / S SCRTY / Stroudsburg School District Security

155.775 / PIKE SD / Pike County Sheriff’s Department

155.625 / PIKE PD / Pike County Police “Countywide”

159.210 / EPRPD / Eastern Pike Regional Police Department

154.445 / PIKE FD / Pike County Fire Dispatch, See Note #3

155.265 / PIKEEMS / Pike County Ambulance Dispatch, See Note #3

---- Multi-Use Radio Service ----

151.820 / MURS 1

151.880 / MURS 2

151.940 / MURS 3

151.625 / REDDOT / Red Dot •

151.955 / PURPLE / Purple Dot •

154.570 / BLUEDOT / Blue Dot •

154.600 / GREENDO / Green Dot •

---- Family Radio Service ----

462.5625 / FRS 1

462.5875 / FRS 2

462.6125 / FRS 3

462.6375 / FRS 4

462.6625 / FRS 5

462.6875 / FRS 6

462.7125 / FRS 7

467.5625 / FRS 8

467.5875 / FRS 9

467.6125 / FRS 10

467.6375 / FRS 11

467.6625 / FRS 12

467.6875 / FRS 13

467.7125 / FRS 14

---- General Mobile Radio Service ---- See Note #4

462.550 / GMRS 1

462.575 / GMRS 2

462.600 / GMRS 3

462.625 / GMRS 4

462.650 / GMRS 5

462.675 / GMRS 6

462.700 / GMRS 7

462.725 / GMRS 8

---- NOAA Weather (RECEIVE ONLY!) ----

162.400 / WX 01

162.425 / WX 02

162.450 / WX 03

162.475 / WX 04

162.500 / WX 05

162.525 / WX 06

162.550 / WX 07

Note #1: The repeater offset and PL tones in the Chirp programming file is set so that it actually transmits to a linked repeater in Wurtsboro NY.

Note #2: Also includes Lehman Township, Pike County (i.e. Bushkill).

Note #3: Does not include Lehman Township, Pike County (i.e. Bushkill) which is covered by the Monroe County Control Center.

Note #4: Currently set to RECEIVE ONLY in the Chirp programming file as I do not have a GMRS license. To use GMRS frequencies, you need a seperate

GMRS license from the FCC. Your Amateur Radio license does not authorize you for GMRS usage.


Weekly Highlights and Forecasts

Highlights of Solar and Geomagnetic Activity

15 - 21 July 2019

Solar activity was very low on 15-21 July. No spotted regions were

observed on the visible disk. No proton events were observed at geosynchronous orbit.

The greater than 2 MeV electron flux at geosynchronous orbit reached high levels on 15-21

July.

Geomagnetic field activity was at quiet levels on 16-20 July. Quiet to unsettled levels

were observed on 15 and 21 July.

Forecast of Solar and Geomagnetic Activity

22 July - 17 August 2019

Solar activity is expected to be very low throughout the forecast period.

No proton events are expected at geosynchronous orbit.

The greater than 2 MeV electron flux at geosynchronous orbit is expected to be at moderate

to high levels on 22, 27-30 July and 06-17 August. Normal to moderate levels are expected

for the remainder of the forecast period.

Geomagnetic field activity is expected to be at unsettled to active levels on 05-06 August

due to recurrent coronal hole high speed stream influences. Quiet to unsettled levels are

expected for the remainder of the forecast period.

Long Range Solar Forecast

Forecast of Solar and Geomagnetic Activity


National Traffic

System & Classroom

Training Updates

By Donald Darcy WK2RP

There is no VE Session in August due to the Carbon County Fair.

September 11th is approaching fast and there is still room in the

Technician class available. If anyone is interested, please contact me

before available seating is filled up. Everyone – enjoy your summer!

epara - qsl.net 2019.pdf · president: chris saunders aj3c vice president bill carpenter ab3me...

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