eph 7112 lecture 2 characteristics & type research.ppt

8/10/2019 EPH 7112 Lecture 2 Characteristics & Type Research.ppt

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Research

Methodology

EPH 7112

LECTURE 2: CHARACTERISTICS

AND TYPES OF RESEARCH


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Contents

Characteristics of Scientific Research

Types of Research

Basic Research

Applied Research

Academic Research

Industrial Research


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Scientific Research

How is it different from non-scientific

research?

Focuses on solving problems and pursues astep-by-step logical, organized, and

rigorous method to

identify the problems

collect data analyze and

draw valid conclusions


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Scientific Research

Non-scientific research based on

hunches, experience and intuition

Pilot study, exploratory


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Characteristics of Scientific

Research

Aim

Rigor

Testability Replicability

Precision and Confidence

Objectivity Generalizability

Parsimony


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Research

Aim

The purpose of scientific research is

clear eg to increase gain of EDFA

to reduce Optical Beat Interference

to reduce Noise Figure


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Research

Rigorous

Based on good theoretical base and soundmethodology

Careful and scrupulous

eg all design parameters concerning thegain in EDFA must be considered; EDFlength and concentration, pump power, input

signal power and wavelength. eg resolution of OSA, stability of current

source for pump laser


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Research

Testability

Test theoretical model by simulation orexperiment

Analysis of performance parameter againstdesign parameter eg EDFA theoretical model show low gain

with high input signal power.

Experiment to test this relationship while

other design parameters are fixed can becarried out.

Gain is measured against input signal power


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Research

Replicability

The same relationship stands

repeatedly under the same designparameters


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Research

Precision and Confidence

Precision refers to closeness of the

findings to reality Confidence refers to the probability

that our estimations are correct


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Research

Objectivity

Conclusions drawn from the analysis

of data must be objective Proven from trend in data

Supported by theoretical model


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Research

Generalizability

Scope of applicability

The wider, the better

Eg. Rate Equation Model applicable

for lasers and fiber amplifiers


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Research

Parsimony

Simplicity in explaining the

phenomena or problemAssumptions are critical

Minimize the dependant variable


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Types of Research

Basic Research

Applied Research

Academic Research

Industrial Research


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Basic Research

Also known as pure or fundamental

research

Objective:Advancement of knowledge

Understanding of theoretical

relationship between variables


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Basic Research

Exploratory in nature

Without any practical end in mind
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Www.wikipedia.org_screenshot.png


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Basic Research

Examples of questionsasked in basicresearch: Which aspects of genomes explain

organismal complexity? Is it possible to prove or disprove

Goldbach's conjecture? (i.e. that everyeven integer greater than 2 can bewritten as the sum of two (not

necessarily distinct) primes)


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Applied Research

Solve specific, practical questions

Can be exploratory, but descriptive

Involves precise measurement of thecharacteristics and describes

relationships between variables of a

studied phenomenon


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Applied Research

Can be carried out byacademic or industrialinstitutions

Investigation directed todiscovering newscientific knowledge thathas specific commercial

objectives with respectto products, processesor services


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Applied Research

Examples of question asked in applied

research:

How can Canada's wheat crops be

protected from grasshoppers?

What is the most efficient and effective

vaccine against influenza?

How can the Great Lakes be protected

against the effects of greenhouse gas?


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Academic research

carried out in universities and

research institutes

expanding the extant levels ofknowledge and technology

does not have any limits as it does not

have any bounds in terms of tangiblegoals or outputs


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Industrial Research

carried out in commercial

organizations

a goal or a set of outputs that apply tothe sector or industry

focuses on application of knowledge


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Defining MSc and PhD

MSc

UG

One is ready to learn

PhD

One is ready to explore

One is ready to create


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MSc, a process of

Identifying a research area of interest

Learning to carry out a research

project Identifying problems

Analyzing/ dissecting problems

Designing/developing solutions

Proving/Substantiating solution

Reporting


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Outcome of MSc program

Understand the issues of concernswithin the area of specialization

Update with the latest development inthe area of specialization

Master some of the tools (analytical,programming, simulation) required

within the scope of study Master some of the test and

measurement skills


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Be able to analyze results

Be able to report results ; oral and

written Have published papers

Know the primary references for the

area of specialization


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Know the leading researchers/research

groups in the area of study

Know the relevant industries/companies

Identify his/her research strength and

weaknesses (theoretical, experimental;

materials, processes, components/devices,

system) Conduct research with minimal guidance

Smile..

eph 7112 lecture 2 characteristics & type research.ppt

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