epidemiological and molecular information on avian ... · epidemiological and molecular information...

Epidemiological and molecular

information on avian influenza from

India and the SAARC sub-region

S Nagarajan C Tosh and V P Singh

ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases

(OIE Ref Lab for Avian Influenza)

Bhopal (MP) India

OIE expert group meeting

Sapporo Japan 03-05 Oct 2017

H5 and H7 AIV in SAARC region

bull Afghanistan H5N1 ndash 2006

bull Bangladesh H5N1 ndash 2007 H7N9 H5N2 ndash 2016

bull Bhutan H5N1 ndash 2010

bull India H5N1 ndash 2006 H5N8 - 2016

bull Myanmar H5N6 ndash 2017 H5N1 - 2006

bull Nepal H5N1 ndash 2009 H5N8 ndash 2017

bull Pakistan H5N1- 2006 H7N3 ndash 1995

bull Sri Lanka H5N2 ndash 2012

Cumulative number of human cases for

AI (H5N1) reported to WHO 2003-17

Multiple genetic clades (0-9)

Genetic and Antigenic divergence

of H5N1 virus

Map and timeline of H5 subtype of Avian influenza outbreaks in South Asia

2008 2009 2010

IndiaPakistan(H5N1)

Bangladesh(H5N1)

Nepal(H5N1)

Bhutan(Feb)

2361 21

552124

1

2011 2012

Sri Lanka(H5N2)

bull Outbreaks

bull H5N1

bull H5N8

bull H5N2

bull H5N6

22

51

1

20072006

12332

AfghanistanMyanmar(H5N1)

Myanmar(H5N6)

India(H5N8)

Nepal(H5N8)

2013 2014 2015 20172016

IndiaBangladesh(H5N1)

Bhutan(H5N1)

Nepal(H5N1

India(H5N1)

Bangladesh(H5N1)

Phylogenetic relationship of HA genes of

H5N1 viruses isolated in South Asia

Bangladesh

Bhutan

India

Myanmar

Nepal

Pakistan

Genetic clades

bull Afghanistan - 22

bull Bangladesh - 22 234

2321a (H5N1)

bull Bhutan- 22 2321a

(H5N1)

bull Nepal - 22 2321a

2321c (H5N1)

bull India - 22 2321a 2321c

(H5N1) 2344 (H5N8)

bull Pakistan - 22

bull Myanmar - 232 234 7

Bangladesh

Bhutan

India

Myanmar

Nepal

Pakistan

bull From 2011 a new genotype of H5N1 viruses with PB1 gene of H9N2 virus circulated in Indo-gangetic plains

bull In June 2015 a new genotype of H5N1 viruses clade 2321a identified in Bangladesh with the HA NA and M genes of circulating 2321a H5N1 viruses and five other genes of LPAIVs (Eurasian-lineage)

bull In India similar viruses were isolated in 2006 and caused recent outbreaks in 2016-2017 except in the state of Karnataka in May 2016

Antigenic divergence of H5N1 viruses

bull Cross hemagglutination inhibition data

indicated antigenic divergence (6-21 fold reduction in

cross-reactivity) between the two recently emerged

H5N1 clades 2321a and 2321c

bull These two clades are highly divergent (21-128 fold

reduction in HI titre) from the earlier clades 22 2221

isolated in IndiaBhat et al (2017) Arch Virol 162(2)487-494

Antigenic cartography

2321a

2321c

2221

22

H5N8 Outbreaks (2016-17)

bull India ndash 32 outbreaks (Oct to Dec 2016)

bull Zoological Parks - Delhi Madhya Pradesh Karnataka

bull Wetlands and lakes - Haryana Punjab Gujarat

bull Domestic poultry - Karnataka amp Kerala

bull Species Chicken duck crow goose Pelican Painted stork Black-necked stork Heron Grey legged goose

bull Nepal ndash One outbreak (Mar 2017) in Koshi

Species Chickens (Layers)

H5N8 outbreaks India (2016)

bull Phylogenetic analysis - Group B of

genetic clade 2344

bull Related to H5N8 viruses isolated

from wild birds in May 2016 in

Russian Federation (UVS-Nuur

Lake Tyva Republic) and China

(Qinghai Lake)

Amigratory birdIndia10CA012016(delhi)

AduckIndia11CA232016(Delhi)

AduckIndia10CA012016(H5N8)

AchickenIndia11TI032016(Karnataka)

AcraneIndia11CA012016(Haryana)

AduckIndia11CA222016(Haryana)

AduckIndia10TI072016(Punjab)

Amute swanCroatia852016(H5N8)

Atufted duckGermany-SHR84462016(H5N8)

Agreat crested grebeUvs-Nuur Lake3412016(H5N8)

ABar-headed GooseQinghaiBTY17-LU2016(H5N8)

Apainted storkIndia10CA032016(H5N8)

AchickenIndia11CA012016-Kerala

AgooseIndia12TI012016(Gujarat)

Awild birdIndia12TI012016(Mysore zoo)

AduckIndia10CA072016(Kerala)

AcrowIndia11CA012016-Kerala

AduckIndia10TI062016(Kerala Ramankary)

Awild birdIndia10CA032016(delhi)

ABlack-Necked StarkIndia12CA012016(BNS Delhi)

AduckIndia11Ca252016-Delhi

Ablack-headed gullTyva412016(H5N8)

AduckEastern ChinaS11092014(H5N8)

AgooseZhejiang9250372014(H5N8)

Abreeder duckKoreaGochang12014(H5N8)

icB

AduckJiangsuk12032010(H5N8)

AduckEastern ChinaL06112011(H5N8)


AduckEngland3625414(H5N8)

Adomestic duckHungary73412015(H5N8)

AturkeyGermanyAR2485-86-L008992014(H5N8)

Aeurasian wigeonNetherlands22014(H5N8)

AduckChiba26-372-482014(H5N8)

AwigeonSakha12014(H5N8)

A1

AchickenSaga1-12015(H5N8)

Amandarin duckGifu2112D0012014(H5N8)

AmallardKoreaKU3-22015(H5N8)

AChickenMiyazaki72014(H5N8)

A3

Abaikal tealKorea14492014(H5N8)

ACootKoreaH812014(H5N8)

Abroiler duckKoreaBuan22014(H5N8)

Abroiler duckKoreaH652014(H5N8)


Abean gooseKoreaH3282014(H5N8)

Awhite-fronted gooseKoreaH2312014(H5N8)

Achickenkumamoto1-72014(H5N8)

AgooseTaiwan010262015(H5N8)

AcraneKagoshimaKU12014(H5N8)

AchickenCalifornia15-0049122015(H5N8)

AturkeyCaliforniaK1500169-122015(H5N8)

AAmerican wigeonOregonAH00125252015(H5N8)

A2

icA

9999

91

95

95

94

001 HA gene phylogeny

AcrowIndia11CA012016(Kerala)

AduckIndia10CA072016 kerala


Apainted storkIndia10CA032016(H5N8) MP

AchickenIndia11CA012016(Kerala)

AgadwallChany972016(H5N8)

Adomestic duckSiberia50K2016(H5N8)

AturkeyItaly17VIR538-12017(H5N8)

AheronIndia10CA032016-Delhi

AgooseIndia11TI012016-Gujarat

AduckIndia11CA252016-Delhi

AduckIndia10TI062016-Kerala Ramankary



ApigeonEgyptS10409A2014(H9N2)

AAnas platyrhynchosBelgium17330cls422013(H5N2)

AmallardRepublic of Georgia32010(H7N3)

AduckVietnamLBM3002012(H10N2)

AduckMongolia1672015(H3N8)

Awild waterfowlDongtingC23832012(H1N2)

DUOR15



ABrown-headed GullQinghaiZTO5-K2016(H5N8)



ACaspian sealRussiaT12012(H4N6)

Acommon eiderNetherlands12006(H3N8)

Acommon TealRepublic of Georgia12011(H3N8)

Amallard duckNetherlands232012(H11N9)

AmallardCzech Republic14333-1K2011(H3N8)


Agreater white-fronted gooseNetherlands62011(H6N8)

AItaly32013(H7N7)

AchickenEngland474-0162502014(H4N6)

B314


AgadwallKurgan24422016(H5N8)

Awild duckTatarstan30592016(H5N8)

AchickenVoronezh202017(H5N8)

AduckIndia10CA082016-delhi


AduckIndia10CA012016(H5N8) delhi

AgooseIndia10CA012016-Delhi

Amigratory birdIndia10CA012016-Delhi

icB

icA

88100

100

100

97

100

90

94

89

100

99

100

90

72

81

98

78

82 100

80

99






AduckIndia11CA222016-Haryana

AduckIndia10TI072016-Punjab

AchickenIndia11TI032016-Karnataka

AcraneIndia11CA012016-Haryana






Amuscovy duckVietnamLBM5292013(H3N8)


AmallardRepublic of Georgia12010(H10N7))

Anorthern shovelerGeorgia12010(H2N3)



AduckSichuanS42022011(H4N2)

AduckIndia10TI062016-Kerala ramankary

Amigraory birdIndia12CA012016-Delhi BNS


Acommon tealKoreaW5502016(H5N8)

Amallard duckKoreaWA1372017(H5N8)

AchickenKoreaH9032017(H5N8)


AduckIndia10CA072016-kerala



AduckIndia11CA252016 Delhi



Adomestic duckSiberia1032016(H5N8)


icB

icA99

99

99

99

98

95

94

99

75

77

70

99

99

70

70

97

95

99

001NP gene phylogeny PA gene phylogeny

Species affected

bull H5N1 virus chickens ducks quail goose pigeon

crow water coot wild birds (Species not known)

bull H5N8 virus chickens ducks goose Crane Painted

stork Black-necked stork Pelican Heron crow Grey

legged goose

bull H5N2 virus Chickens

bull H5N6 virus Chickens (Myanmar)

Other than H5 and H7 in SAARC region

bull Afghanistan H9N2 - 2008bull Bangladesh

bull H9N2 ndash 2006 bull H11N3 H4N6 H1N1 H1N3 H2N4 H3N2 H3N6

H3N8 H4N2 H6N1 and H6N7 - 2016bull India

bull H9N2 - 2003 Sequence of H9 haemagglutininsubtype in duck ndash 1986

bull H6N2 ndash 2014 H4N6 ndash 2009-2011 H11N9 ndash 2011 H3N8 - 2014

bull Myanmar H9N2 - 2014bull Nepal H9N2 ndash Seropositivity 2008bull Pakistan H9N2 - 1998bull Sri Lanka H6 and H9 ndash Seropositivity 2007

ML phylogenetic tree for the HA gene segment of H9N2 avian

influenza viruses from the Middle East and Asia

Alice Fusaro et al J Virol 2011858413-8421

bull Purple for Iran bull Green for Israelbull Red for Saudi Arabia bull Gray for the UAE bull Yellow for Afghanistan bull Orange for Pakistanbull Blue for Jordanbull Light blue for Iraq

H9N2 AIV - India

bull All Indian H9N2 viruses belong

to G1 sub-lineage of Eurasian

lineage

bull Form four distinct phylogenetic

groups (2003-2016)

bull Reassortant (Polymerase andNS genes from unknownorigin)

India

G1-lineage

bull The Bangladeshi H9N2 viruses (2009-2013) clustered with the H9N2 viruses isolated from India Pakistan and the Middle East

bull In the HA tree all of the H9N2 viruses formed a well-supported monophyletic cluster (99 bootstrap value) in the Mideast B sublineage

H9N2 AIV - Bangladesh

Shanmuganatham et al (2014) Emerging Microbes and Infections 3 e88

H9N2 AIV - Pakistan

bull The HA gene of H9N2 viruses

identified in Pakistan from 2004 to

2015 belonged to Middle East

group B

bull Sublineage B1 -viruses collected

from 2004 to 2008 and clustered

with other Middle East viruses

bull Sublineage B2 - viruses collected


with viruses identified from the

Indian subcontinent

Dong-Hun Lee et al Vet Rec Open 2016 3(1) e000171

bull Cluster analysis showed that H5N1 was introduced in West Bengal at least 3 times between 2008 and 2010 and role of wild birds are suspected (Pandit et al 2013)

bull H5N8 viruses isolated from wild birds and poultry in India during Oct-Dec 2016 are related to Uvs-Nuur lake-like virus (isolated in May 2016) and coincides with winter migration of birds indicating role of wild birds in the dispersal of virus (Nagarajan et al2017 Sims et al 2016)

Wild birds and avian influenza outbreaks

Central Asian Flyway

bull Eight Bird flyways ndash across the

world

bull Central Asian flyway (extends

between Arctic and Indian ocean-

29 countries

bull Movement of wild waterfowls was

suspected in intercontinental

spread of AI as the outbreaks

coincided with bird migration routes

FAO

Bird Life International

httpscommonswikimediaorgwindexphpcurid=1387483

Migratory flyways and H5N8 outbreak

Shesheny et al 201720th July 2017 ICAR-NIHSAD Bhopal

Winter season in Northern Hemisphere

increases the risk of avian influenza

Oct 16-

Mar 17

Apr - Sep

2016

Avian influenza H5Nx outbreaks

and Rearing system

Country H5Nx outbreaks in various rearing system

Backyard

village

Farm Crow Zoo Livestock

market

Afghanistan 20 2 - -

Bangladesh 510 42 2 - -

Bhutan 18 3 - - -

India 116 26 8 5 -

Myanmar 4 120 - - 1

Nepal 28 205 3 1

Pakistan 2 47 1 1 -

Sri Lanka - 1 (LPAIH5N2) - - -

Conclusionbull HPAI H5Nx virus is a regional problem and only country specific

control measures will not be effective

bull The H5N1 and H9N2 viruses are evolving continuously in the

SAARC region

bull Cultural and economic factors lead to close interaction of

human and poultry in this region and hence there is a need for

targeted and coordinated active surveillance

bull Strengthening surveillance of avian influenza in poultry wild

birds and other hosts is important to assess their impact on

animal health

bull Creating awareness about biosecurity and its implementation is

essential However cost of such measures need to he kept in

mind while advocating the same

Thank you for kind attention

H5 and H7 AIV in SAARC region

bull Afghanistan H5N1 ndash 2006

bull Bangladesh H5N1 ndash 2007 H7N9 H5N2 ndash 2016

bull Bhutan H5N1 ndash 2010

bull India H5N1 ndash 2006 H5N8 - 2016

bull Myanmar H5N6 ndash 2017 H5N1 - 2006

bull Nepal H5N1 ndash 2009 H5N8 ndash 2017

bull Pakistan H5N1- 2006 H7N3 ndash 1995

bull Sri Lanka H5N2 ndash 2012





of H5N1 virus


2008 2009 2010

IndiaPakistan(H5N1)

Bangladesh(H5N1)

Nepal(H5N1)

Bhutan(Feb)

2361 21

552124

1

2011 2012

Sri Lanka(H5N2)

bull Outbreaks

bull H5N1

bull H5N8

bull H5N2

bull H5N6

22

51

1

20072006

12332


Myanmar(H5N6)

India(H5N8)

Nepal(H5N8)

2013 2014 2015 20172016


Bhutan(H5N1)

Nepal(H5N1

India(H5N1)

Bangladesh(H5N1)



Bangladesh

Bhutan

India

Myanmar

Nepal

Pakistan

Genetic clades



2321a (H5N1)


(H5N1)


2321c (H5N1)


(H5N1) 2344 (H5N8)

bull Pakistan - 22


Bangladesh

Bhutan

India

Myanmar

Nepal

Pakistan













2321a

2321c

2221

22











genetic clade 2344





(Qinghai Lake)


























icB










A1





A3














A2

icA

9999

91

95

95

94






















DUOR15













AItaly32013(H7N7)


B314










icB

icA

88100

100

100

97

100

90

94

89

100

99

100

90

72

81

98

78

82 100

80

99





































icB

icA99

99

99

99

98

95

94

99

75

77

70

99

99

70

70

97

95

99


Species affected





legged goose














H9N2 AIV - India



lineage


groups (2003-2016)


India

G1-lineage





H9N2 AIV - Pakistan




group B







Indian subcontinent







world



29 countries





FAO







Oct 16-

Mar 17

Apr - Sep

2016


and Rearing system


Backyard

village


market



Bhutan 18 3 - - -

India 116 26 8 5 -

Myanmar 4 120 - - 1

Nepal 28 205 3 1

Pakistan 2 47 1 1 -





SAARC region






animal health









of H5N1 virus


2008 2009 2010

IndiaPakistan(H5N1)

Bangladesh(H5N1)

Nepal(H5N1)

Bhutan(Feb)

2361 21

552124

1

2011 2012

Sri Lanka(H5N2)

bull Outbreaks

bull H5N1

bull H5N8

bull H5N2

bull H5N6

22

51

1

20072006

12332


Myanmar(H5N6)

India(H5N8)

Nepal(H5N8)

2013 2014 2015 20172016


Bhutan(H5N1)

Nepal(H5N1

India(H5N1)

Bangladesh(H5N1)



Bangladesh

Bhutan

India

Myanmar

Nepal

Pakistan

Genetic clades



2321a (H5N1)


(H5N1)


2321c (H5N1)


(H5N1) 2344 (H5N8)

bull Pakistan - 22


Bangladesh

Bhutan

India

Myanmar

Nepal

Pakistan













2321a

2321c

2221

22











genetic clade 2344





(Qinghai Lake)


























icB










A1





A3














A2

icA

9999

91

95

95

94






















DUOR15













AItaly32013(H7N7)


B314










icB

icA

88100

100

100

97

100

90

94

89

100

99

100

90

72

81

98

78

82 100

80

99





































icB

icA99

99

99

99

98

95

94

99

75

77

70

99

99

70

70

97

95

99


Species affected





legged goose














H9N2 AIV - India



lineage


groups (2003-2016)


India

G1-lineage





H9N2 AIV - Pakistan




group B







Indian subcontinent







world



29 countries





FAO







Oct 16-

Mar 17

Apr - Sep

2016


and Rearing system


Backyard

village


market



Bhutan 18 3 - - -

India 116 26 8 5 -

Myanmar 4 120 - - 1

Nepal 28 205 3 1

Pakistan 2 47 1 1 -





SAARC region






animal health






2008 2009 2010

IndiaPakistan(H5N1)

Bangladesh(H5N1)

Nepal(H5N1)

Bhutan(Feb)

2361 21

552124

1

2011 2012

Sri Lanka(H5N2)

bull Outbreaks

bull H5N1

bull H5N8

bull H5N2

bull H5N6

22

51

1

20072006

12332


Myanmar(H5N6)

India(H5N8)

Nepal(H5N8)

2013 2014 2015 20172016


Bhutan(H5N1)

Nepal(H5N1

India(H5N1)

Bangladesh(H5N1)



Bangladesh

Bhutan

India

Myanmar

Nepal

Pakistan

Genetic clades



2321a (H5N1)


(H5N1)


2321c (H5N1)


(H5N1) 2344 (H5N8)

bull Pakistan - 22


Bangladesh

Bhutan

India

Myanmar

Nepal

Pakistan













2321a

2321c

2221

22











genetic clade 2344





(Qinghai Lake)


























icB










A1





A3














A2

icA

9999

91

95

95

94






















DUOR15













AItaly32013(H7N7)


B314










icB

icA

88100

100

100

97

100

90

94

89

100

99

100

90

72

81

98

78

82 100

80

99





































icB

icA99

99

99

99

98

95

94

99

75

77

70

99

99

70

70

97

95

99


Species affected





legged goose














H9N2 AIV - India



lineage


groups (2003-2016)


India

G1-lineage





H9N2 AIV - Pakistan




group B







Indian subcontinent







world



29 countries





FAO







Oct 16-

Mar 17

Apr - Sep

2016


and Rearing system


Backyard

village


market



Bhutan 18 3 - - -

India 116 26 8 5 -

Myanmar 4 120 - - 1

Nepal 28 205 3 1

Pakistan 2 47 1 1 -





SAARC region






animal health







Bangladesh

Bhutan

India

Myanmar

Nepal

Pakistan

Genetic clades



2321a (H5N1)


(H5N1)


2321c (H5N1)


(H5N1) 2344 (H5N8)

bull Pakistan - 22


Bangladesh

Bhutan

India

Myanmar

Nepal

Pakistan













2321a

2321c

2221

22











genetic clade 2344





(Qinghai Lake)


























icB










A1





A3














A2

icA

9999

91

95

95

94






















DUOR15













AItaly32013(H7N7)


B314










icB

icA

88100

100

100

97

100

90

94

89

100

99

100

90

72

81

98

78

82 100

80

99





































icB

icA99

99

99

99

98

95

94

99

75

77

70

99

99

70

70

97

95

99


Species affected





legged goose














H9N2 AIV - India



lineage


groups (2003-2016)


India

G1-lineage





H9N2 AIV - Pakistan




group B







Indian subcontinent







world



29 countries





FAO







Oct 16-

Mar 17

Apr - Sep

2016


and Rearing system


Backyard

village


market



Bhutan 18 3 - - -

India 116 26 8 5 -

Myanmar 4 120 - - 1

Nepal 28 205 3 1

Pakistan 2 47 1 1 -





SAARC region






animal health





Bangladesh

Bhutan

India

Myanmar

Nepal

Pakistan













2321a

2321c

2221

22











genetic clade 2344





(Qinghai Lake)


























icB










A1





A3














A2

icA

9999

91

95

95

94






















DUOR15













AItaly32013(H7N7)


B314










icB

icA

88100

100

100

97

100

90

94

89

100

99

100

90

72

81

98

78

82 100

80

99





































icB

icA99

99

99

99

98

95

94

99

75

77

70

99

99

70

70

97

95

99


Species affected





legged goose














H9N2 AIV - India



lineage


groups (2003-2016)


India

G1-lineage





H9N2 AIV - Pakistan




group B







Indian subcontinent







world



29 countries





FAO







Oct 16-

Mar 17

Apr - Sep

2016


and Rearing system


Backyard

village


market



Bhutan 18 3 - - -

India 116 26 8 5 -

Myanmar 4 120 - - 1

Nepal 28 205 3 1

Pakistan 2 47 1 1 -





SAARC region






animal health

















2321a

2321c

2221

22











genetic clade 2344





(Qinghai Lake)


























icB










A1





A3














A2

icA

9999

91

95

95

94






















DUOR15













AItaly32013(H7N7)


B314










icB

icA

88100

100

100

97

100

90

94

89

100

99

100

90

72

81

98

78

82 100

80

99





































icB

icA99

99

99

99

98

95

94

99

75

77

70

99

99

70

70

97

95

99


Species affected





legged goose














H9N2 AIV - India



lineage


groups (2003-2016)


India

G1-lineage





H9N2 AIV - Pakistan




group B







Indian subcontinent







world



29 countries





FAO







Oct 16-

Mar 17

Apr - Sep

2016


and Rearing system


Backyard

village


market



Bhutan 18 3 - - -

India 116 26 8 5 -

Myanmar 4 120 - - 1

Nepal 28 205 3 1

Pakistan 2 47 1 1 -





SAARC region






animal health















genetic clade 2344





(Qinghai Lake)


























icB










A1





A3














A2

icA

9999

91

95

95

94






















DUOR15













AItaly32013(H7N7)


B314










icB

icA

88100

100

100

97

100

90

94

89

100

99

100

90

72

81

98

78

82 100

80

99





































icB

icA99

99

99

99

98

95

94

99

75

77

70

99

99

70

70

97

95

99


Species affected





legged goose














H9N2 AIV - India



lineage


groups (2003-2016)


India

G1-lineage





H9N2 AIV - Pakistan




group B







Indian subcontinent







world



29 countries





FAO







Oct 16-

Mar 17

Apr - Sep

2016


and Rearing system


Backyard

village


market



Bhutan 18 3 - - -

India 116 26 8 5 -

Myanmar 4 120 - - 1

Nepal 28 205 3 1

Pakistan 2 47 1 1 -





SAARC region






animal health

























DUOR15













AItaly32013(H7N7)


B314










icB

icA

88100

100

100

97

100

90

94

89

100

99

100

90

72

81

98

78

82 100

80

99





































icB

icA99

99

99

99

98

95

94

99

75

77

70

99

99

70

70

97

95

99


Species affected





legged goose














H9N2 AIV - India



lineage


groups (2003-2016)


India

G1-lineage





H9N2 AIV - Pakistan




group B







Indian subcontinent







world



29 countries





FAO







Oct 16-

Mar 17

Apr - Sep

2016


and Rearing system


Backyard

village


market



Bhutan 18 3 - - -

India 116 26 8 5 -

Myanmar 4 120 - - 1

Nepal 28 205 3 1

Pakistan 2 47 1 1 -





SAARC region






animal health





Species affected





legged goose














H9N2 AIV - India



lineage


groups (2003-2016)


India

G1-lineage





H9N2 AIV - Pakistan




group B







Indian subcontinent







world



29 countries





FAO







Oct 16-

Mar 17

Apr - Sep

2016


and Rearing system


Backyard

village


market



Bhutan 18 3 - - -

India 116 26 8 5 -

Myanmar 4 120 - - 1

Nepal 28 205 3 1

Pakistan 2 47 1 1 -





SAARC region






animal health
















H9N2 AIV - India



lineage


groups (2003-2016)


India

G1-lineage





H9N2 AIV - Pakistan




group B







Indian subcontinent







world



29 countries





FAO







Oct 16-

Mar 17

Apr - Sep

2016


and Rearing system


Backyard

village


market



Bhutan 18 3 - - -

India 116 26 8 5 -

Myanmar 4 120 - - 1

Nepal 28 205 3 1

Pakistan 2 47 1 1 -





SAARC region






animal health









H9N2 AIV - Pakistan




group B







Indian subcontinent







world



29 countries





FAO







Oct 16-

Mar 17

Apr - Sep

2016


and Rearing system


Backyard

village


market



Bhutan 18 3 - - -

India 116 26 8 5 -

Myanmar 4 120 - - 1

Nepal 28 205 3 1

Pakistan 2 47 1 1 -





SAARC region






animal health










world



29 countries





FAO







Oct 16-

Mar 17

Apr - Sep

2016


and Rearing system


Backyard

village


market



Bhutan 18 3 - - -

India 116 26 8 5 -

Myanmar 4 120 - - 1

Nepal 28 205 3 1

Pakistan 2 47 1 1 -





SAARC region






animal health









Oct 16-

Mar 17

Apr - Sep

2016


and Rearing system


Backyard

village


market



Bhutan 18 3 - - -

India 116 26 8 5 -

Myanmar 4 120 - - 1

Nepal 28 205 3 1

Pakistan 2 47 1 1 -





SAARC region






animal health






and Rearing system


Backyard

village


market



Bhutan 18 3 - - -

India 116 26 8 5 -

Myanmar 4 120 - - 1

Nepal 28 205 3 1

Pakistan 2 47 1 1 -





SAARC region






animal health








SAARC region






animal health





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