Epidemiology and Management of Yellow Rust of Wheat in Jammu

Subtropics

International Wheat Stripe Rust SymposiumICARDA, Aleppo, Syria

18-20 April, 2011

Vishal Gupta, Rayees and V.K.RazdanSKUAST-J (J&K)- INDIA

In India, wheat is second important crop next to rice, with a total production of

80.71 million tonnes, grown over an area of 27.88 million hectares and productivity

of 28.91 qha-1 (2008-2009).

Yellow rust is observed in Punjab,

Haryana, Western Uttar Pradesh

and Jammu and Kashmir

Latitude 32o N 17/E Longitude 74o N 54/EAltitude 300-1000m MSLRainfall 1200-1500 mm

Status of yellow rust of wheat in Jammu subtropics, during 2009-10

District Location

Disease incidence (%)

Disease severity (%)

AUDPC value

Jammu R.S. Pura 25.33 47.68 1757.05

Akhnoor 21.15 37.87 1070.69

Bishnah 21.74 41.99 1200.58

Marh 25.19 43.77 1221.89

Mean ± S.E.(m) 23.35 ± 1.11 42.83 ± 2.04 1312.55 ± 151.89

Range 21.15-25.33 37.87-47.68 1070.69-1757.05

Kathua Nagri 13.25 22.65 705.79

Billawar 15.25 27.65 806.39

Kathua 15.74 23.30 755.77

Dyalachak 16.02 40.69 1001.65

Mean ± S.E.(m) 15.07 ± 0.63 28.57 ± 4.19 817.40 ± 64.76

Range 13.25-16.02 22.65-40.69 705.79-1001.65

Samba Gagwal 14.30 25.68 776.50

Sanoora 18.58 35.39 881.00

Raipur 23.60 36.23 1145.04

Vijaypur 18.50 38.36 1146.46

Mean ± S.E.(m) 18 .74± 1.90 33.92 ± 2.82 987.25 ± 93.96

Range 14.30-23.60 25.68-38.36 776.50-1146.46

Overall mean ± S.E.(m) 19.05 ± 1.23 35.11 ± 2.42 1039.07 ± 84.37

Overall range 13.25-25.33 22.65-47.68 705.79-1757.05

Standard week

Date of observation

Disease severity (%) Infection Rate Rainfall

(mm)Temperature

(oC)Relative

Humidity (%)Agra local

PBW-343

Agra local

PBW-343 Min. Max. Min. Max.

3rd 18-01-2010 5.21 5.00 - - 0.0 4.3 14.9 68 92

4th 25-01-2010 10.32 9.75 0.098 0.096 0.0 4.3 20.6 48 89

5th 01-02-2010 19.23 16.32 0.089 0.074 3.2 6.1 20.8 46 87

6th 08-02-2010 37.67 33.21 0.096 0.102 20.7 9.8 19.4 84 87

7th 15-02-2010 41.54 39.13 0.014 0.024 0.0 7.6 19.9 40 83

8th 22-02-2010 46.43 45.00 0.016 0.020 0.0 8.6 24.8 46 84

9th 01-03-2010 50.67 48.57 0.013 0.011 0.0 11.3 26.1 45 84

10th 08-03-2010 53.33 52.53 0.007 0.011 0.0 9.8 26.5 46 81

11th 15-03-2010 55.01 54.33 0.004 0.005 0.0 11.8 30.6 41 77

12th 22-03-2010 56.43 55.57 0.004 0.003 0.0 15.1 34.0 39 82

13th 29-03-2010 60.33 59.86 0.010 0.011 2.7 15.3 34.2 36 71

14th 05-04-2010 60.45 60.04 0.000 0.000 0.0 16.3 35.4 22 61

15th 12-04-2010 61.34 60.39 0.002 0.001 0.0 17.2 38.3 20 54

16th 19-04-2010 61.89 60.73 0.001 0.001 0.8 21.6 37.4 29 54

Effect of abiotic factors on the severity of yellow rust in Jammu subtropics, during 2009-10

3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 13th 14th 15th 16th0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Disease severity of PBW-343 Disease severity of Agra Local Min Temperature (oC)

Min Relative Humidity (%) Rainfall (mm) Max Temperature (oC)

Max Relative Humidity (%)

Standard week

Dis

ease

sev

erit

y/R

elat

ive

hu

mid

ity

(%)

Tem

pre

ture

(oC

)/R

ain

fall

(m

m)

Maximum and minimum temperature range of 19-21 and 6-100C and maximum and minimum relative humidity of 87 and 46 per cent were favourable for disease

development, respectively, were conducive for the development of yellow rust. Rainfall played an important role in steep increase in yellow rust severity.

CORRELATION OF DIFFERENT ABIOTIC FACTORS WITH DISEASE SEVERITY

Weather parameters Disease severity

PBW-343 Agra Local

Rainfall (mm) -0.161 -0.115

Min Temperature (OC) 0.866* 0.862 *

Max Temperature (OC) 0.875* 0.859*

Min Relative Humidity (%) 0.645** 0.621**

Max Relative Humidity (%) 0.739* 0.728*

* Significant at 1% level ** Significant at 5% probability level

MULTIPLE REGRESSION MODELS OF DISEASE SEVERITY

Year Variety Multiple

correlation

coefficient

Regression model

2009-10

PBW-343 0.901 1̂Y = - 60.2 + 0.46 X1 + 2.68 X2 +

1.10 X3 - 0.357 X4 + 0.737 X5

Agra

Local

0.896 2̂Y = - 56.8 + 0.74 X1 + 2.96 X2 +

0.84 X3 - 0.466 X4 + 0.816 X5

1̂Y , 2̂Y = Disease Severity X1 = Rainfall (mm) X2 = Min Temperature (oC) X3 = Max Temperature (oC)

X4 = Min Relative Humidity X5 = Max Relative Humidity

* Significant at 1% probability level ** Significant at 5% probability level

Rainfall, relative humidity (maximum and minimum) and temperature (maximum and minimum) contributed more than 89 and 90 per cent yellow rust variation in

Agra local and PBW-343, respectively

Control Bayleton Tilt Folicur Quadris0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

41.67

24

16.67

13.33 12.67

10.67

8

5.27

3.2 3

19.6

15.33

10.63

7.135.53

PBW-343 RSP -561 PBW-550

Fungicides

Dise

ase

Seve

rity

(%)

Effect of foliar application of various fungicides on the severity of yellow rust in different varieties of wheat, during 2009-10

Application of fungicide, Quadris

proved most effective with maximum

per cent disease reduction in RSP-

561 (71.88%) followed by PBW-550

(71.77 %) and PBW-343 (69.60%).

The per cent disease reduction by

Folicur was 68.00, 63.61 and 70.11

per cent, whereas, Tilt reduced the

disease by 60.00, 45.75 and 50.62

and Bayleton reduced the disease

by 42.40, 21.77 and 25.00 per cent in

PBW-343, PBW-550 and, RSP-561

respectively as compared to their

respective checks.

Control Bayleton Tilt Folicur Quadris0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000 1887.78

1188.89

713.33

453.33 410374.44

236.67

108.89 80 41.11

830

678.89

451.67

203.33111.11

PBW-343 RSP-561 PBW-550

Fungicides

AUPD

C va

lue

Effect of foliar application of various fungicides on Area Under Rust Progress Curve (AUDPC)

In the variety PBW-343 minimum AURPC (410.00) was exhibited due to the application of Quadris though it was significantly superior to Folicur (453.78). In the variety RSP-561, the Quadris

exhibited minimum AURPC (41.17) which was significantly superior to Folicur (80.00). Maximum reduction of AURPC value was observed in RSP-561 and PBW-550 by Quadris.

Control Bayleton Tilt Folicur Quadris0

10

20

30

40

50

60

33.64

39.74

43.96 44.6247.95

39.74

45.73 47.17 47.8450.84

37.52

42.96 44.07 45.51

49.39

PBW-343 RSP-561 PBW-550

Fungicides

Yiel

d (q

ha-1

)

Effect of foliar application of various fungicides on yield of different varieties of wheat

Quadris proved most effective in increasing the yield of all the varieties with highest of PBW-343 (42.56%) followed by PBW-550 (31.64%) and RSP-561 (27.93%). Quadris was followed by Folicur with 32.65, 20.39 and 21.30 per cent increase of yield in PBW-343,

RSP-561 and PBW-550, respectively. There were 30.68, 18.70 and 17.45 per cent increase of yield by Tilt and 18.14, 15.07 and 14.50 per cent by Bayleton in PBW-343, RSP-561 and

PBW-550 respectively

CONCLUSION

The disease was prevalent in all wheat growing of Jammu subtropics

Epidemiological studies on wheat cultivars viz., PBW-343 and Agra Local exhibited that there was a significant positive correlation between disease severity and minimum and maximum temperature and humidity

Under field conditions Quadris was found most effective against yellow rust followed by Folicur, Tilt and Bayleton.

Maximum per cent increase of yield was observed in the susceptible cultivars by the foliar application of Quadris.