epidermis-ii. guard cells in cucumber stomata guard cells
TRANSCRIPT
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Epidermis-II
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Guard Cells in Cucumber
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Stomata
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Guard cells
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Unevenly thickened wall
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Distribution of Stomata
PlantAverage number of stomata/cm2
Upper Epidermis Lower Epidermis
Apple 0 29,400
Black oak 0 58,000
Cabbage 14,100 22,600
Corn 5,200 6,800
Geranium 1,900 5,900
Mulberry 0 48,000
Pea 10,100 21,600
Scarlet oak 0 103,800
Sunflower 8,500 15,600
Wheat 3,300 1,400
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Guard cells level with epidermal cells
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Ficus sunken stoma
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Hakea sunken stoma
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Sunken stoma in pine needle
Also note that epidermal cells are sclerified and fibers occur beneath the epidermis
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Oleander stomata in crypt
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Yucca stomata in channels
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Guard cells and Subsidiary Cells
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Stomatal Development
• Mesogenous – guard cells and subsidiary cells have a common origin
• Perigenous – guard cells and subsidiary cells DO NOT have a common origin
• Mesoperigenous – some subsidiary cells have a common origin with guard cells
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Some of the common developmental patterns
• Anomocytic – no subsidiary cells• Diacytic – two subsidiary cells at right
angles to the guard cells• Paracytic – two or more subsidiary cells
parallel the guard cells• Actinocytic – subsidiary cells seem to
radiate from guard cells• Anisocytic – three unequal-sized
subsidiary cells surround the guard cells
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Anomocytic
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Diacytic
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Paracytic
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Trichomes
• Nonglandular trichomes– Unicellular trichomes– Multicellular trichomes
• Uniserate• Multiserate• Stellate hairs• Candelabriform hairs• Peltate hairs or scales
• Glandular trichomes – stalk and glandular head
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SEM of tobacco leaf surface
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Papillae in Colocasia leaf
Ordinary epidermal cells with papillae or short trichomes?
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Corn leaf with a unicellular trichome
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Multicelluar uniserate trichomes
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Branched trichomes
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Peltate trichomes in olive
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Stellate trichomes
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Glandular trichomes in potato leaves
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Glandular trichomes in alfalfa
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Trichomes in lavender leaves
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Glandular trichome in Venus fly trap
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Unusual Epidermal Cells
• Lithocysts
• Silica cells and cork cells
• Bulliform cells
• Multiple epidermis and hypodermis
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Lithocysts containing a cystolith
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Silica cells and cork cells in grass leaves
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Bulliform cells
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Multiple epidermis
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Periclinal divisions in the epidermis give rise to a multiple epidermis