EQ: How did the Industrial Revolution affect Europe?

Key Terms: socialism, communism, Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels

Effects of Industrialization Growth of Cities

After 1800 more people lived in cities

Growth of factory system

manufacturing concentrated in central area

built near sources of energy

London became most important city and largest

Quick growth led to problems no development plans,

sanitary codes, or building codes

no adequate housing, education, or police protection

sickness widespread—cholera, TB, pneumonia

Lifespan: city—17yrs country—38yrs

Working Conditions Average workday—14 hrs./ 6 days week

Wanted to increase production Dangers

Factories poorly lit and ventilated Child Labor

The Factory Act (1833) ---no children under 9, 2 hrs of education a day, 12 hr workday

Ten Hour Act The Mines Act (1842)—no women or kids

underground

Class Tension Middle Class

Most new money belonged to middle class Factory owners, shippers, and merchants, skilled

workers, professionals, businessmen, and wealthy farmers

Transformation of Social Structure Middle class had most of social and political power---used

to be landowners and aristocrats landowners and aristocrats still looked down on middle

class Group emerged within middle class—lower middle class

factory overseers, toolmakers, mechanical drafters, and printers

Socialism Definition---Factors of production are owned

by public and operate for all grew from an optimistic view of human nature,

concern for social justice wanted to reverse ill effects of

industrialization, end poverty and promote equality

felt was the role of the govt. to control factories, mines, and railroads

Communism Communist Manifesto: book written by

Germans Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels argued society divided into warring

classes----haves vs. have notshaves: bourgeoisie (middle class)have nots: proletariat (workers)

predicted proletariat would overthrow the bourgeoisie “Workers of the World Unite!”

Future According to Marx After revolts people would share the profits

and have economic equality eventually a classless society would

develop----communism Communism: means of production owned

by the people no private property----all goods and

services shared equally