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EQ Steady State Special Topics Chuck DuBose, June 2016

Siemens Power Technologies International

Restricted © Siemens Industry, Inc. 2013 All rights reserved.

EQ Steady State Special Topics

Outline

•Transformer Models

•HVDC

•Short Circuit

•Dynamics

•Unbalanced Networks

•Q&A

6/2/2016 Siemens Power Technologies International



Transformer Models

•Balanced Three Phase Transformer Model

•Tap Changers

•Transformer Attributes

•CGMES Phase Shifting Transformer Document

ENTSOE_CGMES_v2.4.14_28May2014_PSTmodelling.pdf




Transformer Models




Ratio Tap Changer Model




Phase Tap Changer Model




Transformer Attributes

•TransformerEnd.ratedU: Nameplate Voltage of the Transformer Winding

•TapChanger.neutralU: Voltage at the Neutral Tap

•RatioTapChanger.stepVoltageIncrement: Percent of neutralU

•Per latest ENTSOE requirements: ratedU = neutralU

•PhaseTapChangerTablePoint.angle: A positive value indicates a positive phase

shift from the winding where the tap is located to the other winding




Tap Changer Control Logic


TapChanger.

ltcFlag

TapChanger.

TapChangerControl

Description

False Not present A real and fixed tap that is not controlled and cannot be moved on

load (manual tap change). Power flow cannot be set to change the tap

for voltage control during the calculation.

True Not present A real and fixed tap that is not controlled but can be moved under

load, e.g. manually. Power flow cannot be set to change the tap for

voltage control during the calculation. Optimal power flow might

have access to these taps and change in order to optimize. Also State

Estimator may estimate the tap position to find a better solution for

the system state.

True Present A real tap with a possibility to change taps automatically for voltage

control/active power (load flow) enabled.

Depending on the RegulatingControl.enabled and

TapChanger.controlEnabled in SSH, the power flow shall or shall not

participate in the regulation. In cases where the RegulatingControl is

associated with more than one tap changer or other devices the

attribute TapChanger.controlEnabled can be set to false in order to set

which of the taps are not enabled.

False Present An artificial tap changer can be used to simulate control behavior in

power flow.



HVDC

•Old Rectifier/Inverter classes were removed

•Represent more detailed models

• DC switch classes

• DCConductingEquipment

• DCEquipmentContainer

• DCSeriesDevice

• DCTerminal

• ACDCConverterDCTerminal

• DCTopologicalIsland

•Associate AC equipment with DC Equipment

•Specific models for voltage and current source converters.




HVDC Containment




HVDC Connectivity




HVDC Converter Unit




HVDC Example 301 Document Sec 4.4.13




Short Circuit

•All short circuit data required by IEC 60909

•Most Data is integrated into the equipment records of the Wires Package

•Covered in a Separate Profile

•All positive sequence reactances on the synchronous machines are

saturated values to support short circuit

•Grounding

•MutualCoupling Class

•New Fault Package defines fault information




Peterson Coil and Grounding


PowerTransformerXF1

Termin

alTerm

inal

XF11

L1

Termin

al

ACLineSegment

TerminalGround

DisconnectorSC1

Terminal C1 Terminal

Termin

al

PetersenCoil1

Ground Disconnector

SC2Terminal L2

PowerTransformerXF2

Termin

al

Termin

al

phases=Nphases=N

phases=Nphases=N

phases=N

phases=ABC

phases=ABCNphases=ABCN

phases=ABC

XF21



Mutual Coupling Class




Mutual Coupling Example


Terminal Terminal

Terminal Terminal

2.3 KM

5.8 KM

1.7 KM

Distance11 = 2.3

Distance12 = 8.1

First Terminal

Second Terminal

Distance21 = 1.7

Distance22 = 7.5

MutualCoupling Instance

. . .



Fault Package




Dynamics

•Totally Separate Package

•Hooks into classes in the Wires Package

•Generator and Load models are very detailed

•Undergoing extensive Vender Testing




Dynamics Standard Signal Connections




Dynamics to Equipment Connections




ExcAC1A Exciter Example - CIM




ExcAC1A Exciter Example - How It Works




Dynamics Model Vender Testing Results




Dynamics - Future

•Still need DC, FACTS, Relay, Shunt Compensator Models

•Complete development of User Defined models

•Future of Distributed Energy Resources




Unbalanced Networks

•IEC 61970 standard

•Optional class and attribute selections to build unbalanced networks

• AclineSegmentPhase

• SwitchPhase

• EnergyConsumerPhase

• ShuntCompensatorPhase

• Terminal.phases

• TransformerTank and TransformerTankEnds

•Create open delta transformer banks

•Define single and two phase circuits for overhead and underground




Two Phase Unbalanced Transformer Model


PowerTransformer

TransformerTank

TransformerTank

CN CNTerminal ABC phase

AC Phase PrimaryTransformerTankEnd

S23NTransformerTankEnd

S12NTransformerTankEnd

AB Phase PrimaryTransformerTankEnd

Terminal S123N phase



Unbalanced Transformer Impedance Model




Unbalanced Line Model 301 Document Sec 4.4.8




Unbalanced Line Model UML



EQ Steady State Special TopicsQ&A


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