equipment used in hospitals

7/28/2019 Equipment Used in Hospitals

1/16


2/16

Electrocardiogram Computed Tomography (CT) Scan Dialysis machine MRI (Magnetic resonance imaging) Ultrasound Machine Radiography Laparoscopy


3/16

Is a simple, painless test that records the heart'selectrical activity.

With each heartbeat, an electrical signal spreads fromthe top of the heart to the bottom. As it travels, thesignal causes the heart to contract and pump blood.

The process repeats with each new heartbeat. An EKG shows: How fast your heart is beating Whether the rhythm of your heartbeat is steady or irregular The strength and timing of electrical signals as they pass

through each part of your heart

Doctors use EKGs to detect and study many heartproblems, such as heart attacks, arrhythmias, andheart failure .


4/16

An electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG) is done to: Check the heart's electrical activity. Find the cause of unexplained chest pain, which could be caused

by a heart attack, inflammation of the sac surrounding the heart(pericarditis), or angina.

Find the cause of symptoms ofheart disease such as shortnessof breath, dizziness, fainting, or rapid, irregular heartbeats

(palpitations). Find out if the walls of the heart chambers are too thick

(hypertrophied). Check how well medicines are working and whether they are

causing side effects that affect the heart. Check how well mechanical devices that are implanted in the

heart, such as pacemakers, are working to control a normalheartbeat. Check the health of the heart when other diseases or conditions

are present, such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol,cigarette smoking, diabetes, or a family history of early heartdisease.
http://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/default.htmhttp://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/default.htmhttp://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/default.htm


5/16

A computed tomography (CT) scan uses x-ray to make detailedpictures of structures inside of the body.

During the test, you will lie on a table that is attached to the CTscanner. The CT scanner sends X-rays through the body areabeing studied. Each rotation of the scanner provides a picture of athin slice of the organ or area. All of the pictures are saved as agroup on a computer.

In some cases, a dye called contrast material may be used. It willbe put in a vein, or it may be placed into other parts of your body(such as the rectum or a joint) to see those areas better. For sometypes of CT scans you drink the dye. The dye makes structuresand organs easier to see on the CT pictures.

A CT scan can be used to study all parts of your body, such as the

chest, belly, pelvis, arms or legs. It can take pictures of bodyorgans, such as: liver, pancreas, intestines, kidneys, lung, heart. Italso can study blood vessels, bones, and the spinal cord.


6/16

CT scans are used to study areas of the body and the arms or legs. Chest (thorax). A CT scan of the chest can look for problems with the lungs,

heart, esophagus, the major blood vessel, or the tissues in the center of the chest.Some common chest problems a CT scan may find include infection, lung cancer,a pulmonary embolism, and an aneurysm.

Abdomen. A CT scan of the abdomen can find cysts, abscesses, infection, tumors,an aneurysm, enlarged lymph nodes, foreign objects, bleeding in the bellyand appendicitis.

Urinary tract. A CT scan of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder is called a CT KUB orCT urogram. This type of scan can find kidney stones, bladder stones, or blockageof the urinary tract.

Liver. A CT scan can find liver tumors, bleeding from the liver, and liver diseases.A CT scan of the liver can help determine the cause of jaundice.

Gallbladder and bile ducts. A CT scan can be used to check for blockage ofthe bile ducts. Gallstones occasionally show up on a CT scan. But other tests, suchas ultrasound, usually are used to find problems with the gallbladder and bileducts.

Adrenal glands. A CT scan can find tumors or enlarged adrenal glands. Arm or leg. A CT scan can look for problems of the arms or legs, including the

shoulder, elbow, wrist, hand, hip, knee, ankle, or foot.


7/16

Is a process for removing waste and excess water from the blood, and isused primarily to provide an artificial replacement for lost kidneyfunction in people with renal failure

Dialysis works on the principles of the diffusion of solutesand ultrafiltration of fluid across a semi-permeable membrane. Diffusionis a property of substances in water; substances in water tend to movefrom an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Smaller solutes and fluid pass through the membrane, but themembrane blocks the passage of larger substances (for example, red

blood cells, large proteins). This replicates the filtering process that takes place in the kidneys, when

the blood enters the kidneys and the larger substances are separatedfrom the smaller ones in the glomerulus.

Types Hemodialysis Peritoneal dialysis Hemofiltration Hemodiafiltration Intestinal dialysis


8/16

During hemodialysis, you will be hooked up to a machine that takes over thekidneys' job of filtering blood. Before the first session, the doctor will need tocreate an entrance into one of your blood vessels so your body can be connectedto the filtering machine during each visit. This is called a vascular access. It is aplace on your body where blood can be removed and then returned. This can bedone by: Connecting an artery to a vein to create a larger blood vessel area, called a fistula Joining (grafting) an artery and vein together using a soft plastic tube Inserting a thin plastic tube into a large vein in the neck or groin area of the leg; this type of

access is temporary. You may need temporary or permanent access. The type of access and how long

you need it depends on your individual condition. Experts recommend creating anaccess weeks or months before your first dialysis session so it has a chance toheal properly before using it.

During a hemodialysis session, your blood flows a little bit at a time through aspecial filter inside the machine. The filter removes wastes and extra fluids fromyour blood, but retains the proper balance of minerals such as potassium and

sodium. Once the blood is cleaned, it is returned to the body. Patients often need dialysis treatments several times a week. How long each

hemodialysis session lasts depends on: How well your kidneys work How much fluid you gained since your last dialysis session How much waste has gathered in your blood since your last dialysis session The type of hemodialysis machine being used


9/16

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a test thatuses a magnetic field and pulses of radio waveenergy to make pictures of organs and structuresinside the body. MRI also may show problemsthat cannot be seen with other imaging methods.

For an MRI test, the area of the body beingstudied is placed inside a special machine thatcontains a strong magnet. Pictures from an MRIscan are digital images that can be saved and

stored on a computer for more study. In somecases, contrast material may be used during theMRI scan to show certain structures more clearly


10/16

MRI is done for many reasons. It is used to find problems such astumors, bleeding, injury, blood vessel diseases, or infection. MRI alsomay be done to provide more information about a problem seen on anX-ray, ultrasound scan, or CT scan. Contrast material may be usedduring MRI to show abnormal tissue more clearly. An MRI scan can bedone for the:

Head. MRI can look at the brain for tumors, bleeding in the brain, nerveinjury, and other problems, such as damage caused by a stroke. MRI canalso find problems of the eyes and optic nerves, andthe ears and auditory nerves.

Chest. MRI of the chest can look at the heart, the valves, and coronaryblood vessels. It can show if the heart or lungs are damaged. MRI of thechest may also be used to look for breast or lung cancer.

Blood vessels. Using MRI to look at blood vessels and the flow of bloodthrough them is called magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). It can

find problems of the arteries and veins, such as an aneurysm, a blockedblood vessel, or the torn lining of a blood vessel (dissection). Sometimescontrast material is used to see the blood vessels more clearly.

Abdomen and pelvis. MRI can find problems in the organs and structuresin the belly, such as the liver, pancreas, kidneys, and bladder. It is usedto find tumors, bleeding, infection, and blockage.


11/16

Ultrasound is a cyclic sound pressure wave witha frequency greater than the upper limit of thehuman hearing range.

Medical sonography is an ultrasound-baseddiagnostic medical imaging technique used tovisualize muscles, tendons, and many internalorgans, to capture their size, structure and anypathological lesions with real time tomographicimages. Ultrasound has been used by

radiologists and sonographers to image thehuman body for at least 50 years and hasbecome a widely used diagnostic tool.


12/16

A Doppler ultrasound test uses reflected sound waves to seehow blood flows through a blood vessel. It helps doctorsevaluate blood flow through major arteries and veins, such asthose of the arms, legs, and neck. It can show blocked orreduced blood flow through narrowing in the major arteries ofthe neck that could cause a stroke. It also can reveal bloodclots in leg veins (deep vein thrombosis, or DVT) that could

break loose and block blood flow to the lungs (pulmonaryembolism).

During Doppler ultrasound, a handheld instrument (transducer)is passed lightly over the skin above a blood vessel. Thetransducer sends and receives sound waves that are amplifiedthrough a microphone. The sound waves bounce off solidobjects, including blood cells. The movement of blood cellscauses a change in pitch of the reflected sound waves (called theDoppler effect). If there is no blood flow, the pitch does notchange. Information from the reflected sound waves can beprocessed by a computer to provide graphs or pictures thatrepresent the flow of blood through the blood vessels.


13/16

Fetal ultrasound is a test done during pregnancy that usesreflected sound waves to produce a picture of a fetus, the organthat nourishes the fetus (placenta), and the liquid that surroundsthe fetus (amniotic fluid). The picture is displayed on a TV screenand may be in black and white or in color. The pictures are alsocalled a sonogram, echogram, or scan, and they may be saved aspart of your baby's record.

Fetal ultrasound is the safest way to check for problems and getinformation about your fetus, such as its size and position. Itdoes not use X-rays or other types of radiation that may harmyour fetus. It can be done as early as the 5th week of pregnancy.The sex of your fetus can sometimes be determined by about the18th week of pregnancy. For more information, see:

A combination of screening tests using ultrasound may be donein the first trimester to look for Down syndrome. The integratedtest uses an ultrasound measurement of the thickness ofthe skin at the back of the baby's neck and the blood levels offree beta-HCG and a protein called pregnancy-associatedplasma protein A (PAPP-A) to check for problems.


14/16

A radiography is an X-ray image obtained by placing

a part of the patient in front of an X-ray detector andthen illuminating it with a short X-ray pulse.

Radiographs are useful in the detection of pathologyof the skeletal system as well as for detecting somedisease in soft tissue.

Some examples are the very common chest X-ray,which can be used to identify lung diseases suchas pneumonia, lung cancer or pulmonary edema.

In abdominal X-ray, we candetect intestinal obstruction, free air (from visceralperforations) and free fluid (in ascites). X-rays may

also be used to detect pathology suchas gallstones or kidney stones.

Dental radiography is commonly used in thediagnoses of oral problems, such as cavities.


15/16

Laparoscopy is a surgery that uses a thin, lighted tube put through a cut(incision) in the belly to look at the abdominal organs .Laparoscopy isused to find problems such as cysts, adhesions, fibroids , and infection.Tissue samples can be taken for biopsy through the tube (laparoscope).

In many cases laparoscopy can be done instead of laparotomy (surgerythat uses a larger incision in the belly). Laparoscopy can be less stressfuland may have less problems than laparotomy for minor surgeries. It canoften be done without needing to stay overnight in the hospital.

Why It Is Done Check for and possibly abnormal growths (tumors) in the belly or pelvis. Check for and treat conditions such as ectopic pregnancy, or pelvic

inflammatory disease (PID). See whether cancer in another area of the body has spread to the belly. Check for damage to internal organs, such as the spleen, after an injury

or accident. Fix a hiatal hernia or an inguinal hernia. Take out organs, such as the uterus, spleen or appendix(appendectomy).

Partial removal (resection) of the colon also can be done. Find the cause of sudden or ongoing pelvic pain.


16/16

What Is an Electrocardiogram? . October 2010.http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health//dci/Diseases/ekg/ekg_what.html

Electrocardiogram. 18 March 2010. http://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/electrocardiogram

Healthwise Staff, Computed Tomography (CT) Scan of the Body . 13 June 2011.http://www.cigna.com/individualandfamilies/health-and-well-being/hw/medical-tests/computed-tomography-scan-of-the-body-hw233596.html

Dialysis. 7 December 2012. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialysis_therapy Healthwise Staff , Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Machine. 16 May 2011.

http://www.webmd.com/brain/magnetic-resonance-imaging-mri-machine

Ultrasound. 6 December 2012. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra_sound

Fetal Ultrasound. 21 June 2012. http://www.webmd.com/baby/fetal-ultrasound

Doppler Ultrasound. 4 December 2012.http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/doppler-ultrasound

X-Ray. 5 December 2012 . http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray Healthwise Staff, Laparoscopy.June 29,

2010.http://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/laparoscopy-16156

Kidney Dialysis. 4 September 2012. http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/kidney-dialysis
http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/ekg/ekg_what.htmlhttp://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/ekg/ekg_what.htmlhttp://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/ekg/ekg_what.htmlhttp://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/ekg/ekg_what.htmlhttp://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/electrocardiogramhttp://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/electrocardiogramhttp://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/electrocardiogramhttp://www.cigna.com/individualandfamilies/health-and-well-being/hw/medical-tests/computed-tomography-scan-of-the-body-hw233596.htmlhttp://www.cigna.com/individualandfamilies/health-and-well-being/hw/medical-tests/computed-tomography-scan-of-the-body-hw233596.htmlhttp://www.cigna.com/individualandfamilies/health-and-well-being/hw/medical-tests/computed-tomography-scan-of-the-body-hw233596.htmlhttp://www.cigna.com/individualandfamilies/health-and-well-being/hw/medical-tests/computed-tomography-scan-of-the-body-hw233596.htmlhttp://www.cigna.com/individualandfamilies/health-and-well-being/hw/medical-tests/computed-tomography-scan-of-the-body-hw233596.htmlhttp://www.cigna.com/individualandfamilies/health-and-well-being/hw/medical-tests/computed-tomography-scan-of-the-body-hw233596.htmlhttp://www.cigna.com/individualandfamilies/health-and-well-being/hw/medical-tests/computed-tomography-scan-of-the-body-hw233596.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialysis_therapyhttp://www.webmd.com/brain/magnetic-resonance-imaging-mri-machinehttp://www.webmd.com/brain/magnetic-resonance-imaging-mri-machinehttp://www.webmd.com/brain/magnetic-resonance-imaging-mri-machinehttp://www.webmd.com/brain/magnetic-resonance-imaging-mri-machinehttp://www.webmd.com/brain/magnetic-resonance-imaging-mri-machinehttp://www.webmd.com/brain/magnetic-resonance-imaging-mri-machinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra_soundhttp://www.webmd.com/baby/fetal-ultrasoundhttp://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/doppler-ultrasoundhttp://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/doppler-ultrasoundhttp://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/doppler-ultrasoundhttp://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/doppler-ultrasoundhttp://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/doppler-ultrasoundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-rayhttp://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/laparoscopy-16156http://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/laparoscopy-16156http://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/laparoscopy-16156http://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/laparoscopy-16156http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/kidney-dialysishttp://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/kidney-dialysishttp://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/kidney-dialysishttp://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/kidney-dialysishttp://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/kidney-dialysishttp://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/kidney-dialysishttp://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/kidney-dialysishttp://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/kidney-dialysishttp://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/kidney-dialysishttp://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/kidney-dialysishttp://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/kidney-dialysishttp://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/kidney-dialysishttp://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/kidney-dialysishttp://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/kidney-dialysishttp://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/laparoscopy-16156http://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/laparoscopy-16156http://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/laparoscopy-16156http://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/laparoscopy-16156http://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/laparoscopy-16156http://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/laparoscopy-16156http://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/laparoscopy-16156http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-rayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-rayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-rayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-rayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-rayhttp://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/doppler-ultrasoundhttp://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/doppler-ultrasoundhttp://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/doppler-ultrasoundhttp://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/doppler-ultrasoundhttp://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/doppler-ultrasoundhttp://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/doppler-ultrasoundhttp://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/doppler-ultrasoundhttp://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/doppler-ultrasoundhttp://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/doppler-ultrasoundhttp://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/doppler-ultrasoundhttp://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/doppler-ultrasoundhttp://www.webmd.com/baby/fetal-ultrasoundhttp://www.webmd.com/baby/fetal-ultrasoundhttp://www.webmd.com/baby/fetal-ultrasoundhttp://www.webmd.com/baby/fetal-ultrasoundhttp://www.webmd.com/baby/fetal-ultrasoundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra_soundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra_soundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra_soundhttp://www.webmd.com/brain/magnetic-resonance-imaging-mri-machinehttp://www.webmd.com/brain/magnetic-resonance-imaging-mri-machinehttp://www.webmd.com/brain/magnetic-resonance-imaging-mri-machinehttp://www.webmd.com/brain/magnetic-resonance-imaging-mri-machinehttp://www.webmd.com/brain/magnetic-resonance-imaging-mri-machinehttp://www.webmd.com/brain/magnetic-resonance-imaging-mri-machinehttp://www.webmd.com/brain/magnetic-resonance-imaging-mri-machinehttp://www.webmd.com/brain/magnetic-resonance-imaging-mri-machinehttp://www.webmd.com/brain/magnetic-resonance-imaging-mri-machinehttp://www.webmd.com/brain/magnetic-resonance-imaging-mri-machinehttp://www.webmd.com/brain/magnetic-resonance-imaging-mri-machinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialysis_therapyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialysis_therapyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialysis_therapyhttp://www.cigna.com/individualandfamilies/health-and-well-being/hw/medical-tests/computed-tomography-scan-of-the-body-hw233596.htmlhttp://www.cigna.com/individualandfamilies/health-and-well-being/hw/medical-tests/computed-tomography-scan-of-the-body-hw233596.htmlhttp://www.cigna.com/individualandfamilies/health-and-well-being/hw/medical-tests/computed-tomography-scan-of-the-body-hw233596.htmlhttp://www.cigna.com/individualandfamilies/health-and-well-being/hw/medical-tests/computed-tomography-scan-of-the-body-hw233596.htmlhttp://www.cigna.com/individualandfamilies/health-and-well-being/hw/medical-tests/computed-tomography-scan-of-the-body-hw233596.htmlhttp://www.cigna.com/individualandfamilies/health-and-well-being/hw/medical-tests/computed-tomography-scan-of-the-body-hw233596.htmlhttp://www.cigna.com/individualandfamilies/health-and-well-being/hw/medical-tests/computed-tomography-scan-of-the-body-hw233596.htmlhttp://www.cigna.com/individualandfamilies/health-and-well-being/hw/medical-tests/computed-tomography-scan-of-the-body-hw233596.htmlhttp://www.cigna.com/individualandfamilies/health-and-well-being/hw/medical-tests/computed-tomography-scan-of-the-body-hw233596.htmlhttp://www.cigna.com/individualandfamilies/health-and-well-being/hw/medical-tests/computed-tomography-scan-of-the-body-hw233596.htmlhttp://www.cigna.com/individualandfamilies/health-and-well-being/hw/medical-tests/computed-tomography-scan-of-the-body-hw233596.htmlhttp://www.cigna.com/individualandfamilies/health-and-well-being/hw/medical-tests/computed-tomography-scan-of-the-body-hw233596.htmlhttp://www.cigna.com/individualandfamilies/health-and-well-being/hw/medical-tests/computed-tomography-scan-of-the-body-hw233596.htmlhttp://www.cigna.com/individualandfamilies/health-and-well-being/hw/medical-tests/computed-tomography-scan-of-the-body-hw233596.htmlhttp://www.cigna.com/individualandfamilies/health-and-well-being/hw/medical-tests/computed-tomography-scan-of-the-body-hw233596.htmlhttp://www.cigna.com/individualandfamilies/health-and-well-being/hw/medical-tests/computed-tomography-scan-of-the-body-hw233596.htmlhttp://www.cigna.com/individualandfamilies/health-and-well-being/hw/medical-tests/computed-tomography-scan-of-the-body-hw233596.htmlhttp://www.cigna.com/individualandfamilies/health-and-well-being/hw/medical-tests/computed-tomography-scan-of-the-body-hw233596.htmlhttp://www.cigna.com/individualandfamilies/health-and-well-being/hw/medical-tests/computed-tomography-scan-of-the-body-hw233596.htmlhttp://www.cigna.com/individualandfamilies/health-and-well-being/hw/medical-tests/computed-tomography-scan-of-the-body-hw233596.htmlhttp://www.cigna.com/individualandfamilies/health-and-well-being/hw/medical-tests/computed-tomography-scan-of-the-body-hw233596.htmlhttp://www.cigna.com/individualandfamilies/health-and-well-being/hw/medical-tests/computed-tomography-scan-of-the-body-hw233596.htmlhttp://www.cigna.com/individualandfamilies/health-and-well-being/hw/medical-tests/computed-tomography-scan-of-the-body-hw233596.htmlhttp://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/electrocardiogramhttp://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/electrocardiogramhttp://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/electrocardiogramhttp://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/electrocardiogramhttp://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/electrocardiogramhttp://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/ekg/ekg_what.htmlhttp://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/ekg/ekg_what.htmlhttp://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/ekg/ekg_what.html

equipment used in hospitals

Documents