er a3-1 understanding the water cycle and its importance to

7/30/2019 ER A3-1 Understanding the Water Cycle and Its Importance to

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Environmental Resources

Unit A

Natural Resources


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Problem Area 3

Water


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Understanding the Water Cycleand Its Importance to the

Environment

Lesson 1


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Answer the following questions.

When was the last time you tooka drink of water?

Where did you take this drink?Where do think the water came

from?

Where do you belong in the

water cycle?


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Learning Objectives

Describe the water cycle.

Describe the physical and

chemical makeup of water. Identify bodies of flowing water.

Identify bodies of non-flowingwater.


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Terms

Brackish waterBrook

Canal

Catchment

Channel

Creek

Current

Desalination

Distillation

Drainage divide

EstuaryEvaporation

Flood plain

Freshwater

Lakes

Marshes


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Terms

OceansPonds

Precipitation

Reservoirs

River

Saline waterSaltwater

Sloughs

StreamStream banks

Stream bed

Stream

hydrology

StreamflowTranspiration

Water cycle


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Water Cycle

The continuous movement ofwater from the earth to theatmosphere and back to the

earth.The sun provides the energy for

the water cycle, also known asthe hydrologic cycle.

The water cycle occurs in four

overlapping spheres.


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Water Cycle


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Water Cycle Spheres

Hydrosphere

Atmosphere

BiosphereLithosphere


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Hydrosphere

Water moves from the earth to theatmosphere through the processesof evaporation and transpiration.

Evaporation is the transformation ofwater from its liquid form to itsgaseous form as a result of coming

in contact with heat or the air. Transpiration is the process of

plants releasing water through their

leaves is called.


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Atmosphere

Air that holds moisture until itfalls as precipitation.

Precipitation is the moisturefrom the atmosphere that is

returned to the earth in the form

of snow or rain.
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.monsanto.com/monsanto/images/content/our_commitments/atmosphere.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.monsanto.com/monsanto/layout/our_commitments/environment.asp&h=186&w=200&prev=/images%3Fq%3Datmosphere%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26oe%3DUTF-8


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Biosphere

Includes all plant and animal lifewhich are consumers of water.
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=cgee.hamline.edu/see/questions/dp_biosphere/bios_community/bios_comm_earth.jpg&imgrefurl=http://cgee.hamline.edu/see/questions/dp_biosphere/bios_community/dp_bios_comm_dex.htm&h=473&w=529&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbiosphere%26start%3D280%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26oe%3DUTF-8%26sa%3DN


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Lithosphere

Land where water falls asprecipitation.
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.khoras.net/Khoras/Planet/Planet/Lithosphere.JPG&imgrefurl=http://www.khoras.net/Khoras/Planet/Planet/Planet.htm&h=184&w=279&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dlithosphere%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26oe%3DUTF-8


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Physical and Chemical Makeup

of Water

Water, in its purest form, istasteless, odorless, and

colorless. It is a chemical compound made

up of two atoms of hydrogen

and one atom of oxygen.

Its chemical symbol is H2O.


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Physical States of Water

Solid form of water is called ice.Water freezes at 32F or 0C.

Gaseous form of water is called

water vapor or steam.

When water boils it turns into watervapor or steam. Water boils at

212F or 100C. In between the gaseous and solid

form, water is in its liquid form.


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Chemical Make-up of Water

Water that contains salt is calledsaline water.

Sodium chloride, potassium, and

magnesium can raise the level of saltsin the water.

The amount of salt in the water will

determine its usefulness.Water that is too high in salt cannot be

used for drinking or irrigation.


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Categories of Saline Water

Freshwater

Saltwater

Brackish water


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Freshwater

Water with less than 3.0 partsper thousand (ppt) of salt.

Most commonly found in drilledwells, streams, and lakes.

Only 3 percent of the water on

the earth is consideredfreshwater, of this 3 percent only

1 percent is available for use.


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Saltwater

Water with 16.5 ppt or more ofsalt.

Some ocean and sea water isas high as 33 to 37 ppt.

Saltwater makes up about 97

percent of the earths water.


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Brackish Water

A mixture of saltwater andfreshwater.

Brackish water is found wherefreshwater flows into the ocean

or other bodies of saltwater.

An estuary is the area where afreshwater stream flows into the

ocean or a saltwater lake.


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Usable Water

Two main ways that salt waterand contaminated water can be

turned into usable water:

distillation and desalination.


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Usable Water

Distillation is the boiling of waterand collection of its vapor.

The vapor then turns into liquidwhen cooled.

The liquid is pure at this point.


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Usable Water

Desalination is the removal ofsalt from water.

It involves the process of

distillation but is not economical

on a large scale.


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Flowing Bodies of Water

One of the most important partsof the water cycle is the stream.

Streams are flowing bodies of

water that are useful resources

for irrigation, factories, and localwater systems.


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Food Web in Streams

Most streamsare freshwater

and they can

flow through a

natural or

man-madechannel.


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Types of Streams

Stream type is determined bythe volume and velocity of the

movement of water, or

streamflow.

The four types of streams are

rivers, creeks, brooks, andcanals.


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Cross Section of a Stream

The rate of flowin a stream is

called a current.


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River

The largest stream.

Have high streamflows.
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=members.aol.com/americacruising/illinois-peorialock.jpg&imgrefurl=http://members.aol.com/americacruising/illinois.html&h=447&w=574&prev=/images%3Fq%3DIllinois%2Briver%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26oe%3DUTF-8%26sa%3DG


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Creek

A stream that is smaller than ariver.

Often flow into rivers, lakes, andoceans.


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Brook

A small stream.

Often flow into creeks, rivers,

lakes, and oceans.


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Canal

An artificial waterway built fortransportation, to relieve

flooding, or to divert the flow of

water.
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/1999/panama.canal/stories/history/panama.canal.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/1999/panama.canal/stories/history/&h=270&w=181&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcanal%26start%3D80%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26oe%3DUTF-8%26sa%3DN


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Stream Hydrology

The study of flowing water andits environment.

The physical, chemical, andbiological properties of the water

and the surrounding

environment are tested.The ecosystems, including food

webs, are studied.


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Stream Ecosystems

Many ecosystems can be foundin streams.

Species within the streamssurvive on nutrients that are

provided by the areas

surrounding the stream.These nutrients move with the

flow of the stream.


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Stream Structure

Determines how water moveswithin the stream and through

the earth.

A stream is an important part of

watershed or catchment.

The edge of a watershed isknown as a drainage divide.


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Stream Structure

The area through which waterflows in a stream is called achannel.

A channel is usually formed withrock or soil and it is the sides andbottom of the stream.

The bottom of the channel iscalled the stream bed, the sidesare called the stream banks.


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Stream Structure

When a channel is not largeenough to hold the flow of water

the area that overflows is called

a flood plain.


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Non-Flowing Bodies

These bodies may be natural orartificial.

Non-flowing bodies of waterinfluence the weather andclimate of an area.

Commerce, food supply, andrecreational activities can also beinfluenced by the non-flowingbodies of water in an area.


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Non-Flowing Bodies

Bodies of water that do not flowstill have water movement.

The internal movement iscaused by temperature changes

and salinity.


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Types of Non-Flowing Bodies

Seven types of non-flowingbodies of water are oceans,

lakes, ponds, reservoirs,

sloughs, marshes, and

estuaries.

As in flowing streams, non-flowing bodies of water may

contain a variety of ecosystems.


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Types of Non-Flowing Bodies

The ecosystems at the bottomof the body of water will vary

from those at the top.

This is due to the varying water

temperature, salinity, and other

characteristics.


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Oceans

Large bodies of saltwater.Cover almost 75 percent of the

surface of the earth.


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Lakes

Bodies of freshwater that aresurrounded by land.

Vary in size, some are naturaland others are man-made.


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Ponds

Non-flowing bodies of water thatare smaller than lakes.

Commonly manmade and usedas a source of recreation or for

use by livestock.
http://www.cpcug.org/user/jlacombe/pond.jpg


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Reservoirs

Large bodies of stored water.Commonly used to generate

electric power.


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Sloughs

Thick, muddy areas of shallowwater.


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Marshes

Areas of land covered withshallow water and plants such

as cattails.

Do not contain trees and are

similar in nature to sloughs.
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.epa.gov/owow/wetlands/images/marsh.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.epa.gov/owow/wetlands/&h=166&w=180&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmarsh%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26oe%3DUTF-8


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Estuaries

Areas where freshwater streamsflow into the ocean or a

saltwater lake.


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Review / Summary

Describe the water cycle.Describe the physical and

chemical makeup of water. Identify bodies of flowing water.

Identify bodies of non-flowing

water.

er a3-1 understanding the water cycle and its importance to

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