era of good feelings unit iiib ap u.s. history. era of good feelings james monroe (d-r) elected...
TRANSCRIPT
Era of Good FeelingsEra of Good Feelings
Unit IIIBUnit IIIB
AP U.S. HistoryAP U.S. History
Era of Good FeelingsEra of Good Feelings
James Monroe (D-R) elected President after James Monroe (D-R) elected President after James Madison (D-R)James Madison (D-R)
Under increased nationalism and Under increased nationalism and disintegration of Federalists, nation in good disintegration of Federalists, nation in good spiritsspirits
Political, economical, and social debates Political, economical, and social debates lingerlinger
James Monroe (D-R) ElectionsJames Monroe (D-R) Elections1816 and 18201816 and 1820
Growth of American NationalismGrowth of American Nationalism
Effect of the “victory” over Effect of the “victory” over Great BritainGreat Britain
Exciting opportunities with Exciting opportunities with land and increased land and increased manufacturingmanufacturing
The arts and education The arts and education infused with patriotic infused with patriotic themesthemes
A STRONG Central GovernmentA STRONG Central Government John Marshall’s CourtJohn Marshall’s Court Fletcher v. Peck Fletcher v. Peck (1810)(1810)
Ruled state law unconstitutionalRuled state law unconstitutional
Martin v. Hunter’s Lessee Martin v. Hunter’s Lessee (1816) (1816) Ruled Supreme Court’s jurisdiction over state courtsRuled Supreme Court’s jurisdiction over state courts
McCulloch v. Maryland McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)(1819) Bank of the United States constitutional under “necessary Bank of the United States constitutional under “necessary
and proper”and proper” States could not tax the Bank - Supremacy ClauseStates could not tax the Bank - Supremacy Clause
Gibbons v. OgdenGibbons v. Ogden (1824) (1824) Increased federal government’s interstate commerce Increased federal government’s interstate commerce
authorityauthority
Democratic-Republicans FracturingDemocratic-Republicans Fracturing
Democratic-Republicans split as nation Democratic-Republicans split as nation growsgrows
Old Guard Dem-Reps cling to ideals and Old Guard Dem-Reps cling to ideals and strict interpretation; states’ rightsstrict interpretation; states’ rights
New Guard Dem-Reps adopt Federalist-New Guard Dem-Reps adopt Federalist-type platforms; nationalismtype platforms; nationalism
Sectional RepresentationSectional RepresentationThe Great TriumvirateThe Great Triumvirate
Daniel Webster of Daniel Webster of Massachusetts - NORTHMassachusetts - NORTH
Henry Clay of Kentucky - Henry Clay of Kentucky - WESTWEST
John C. Calhoun of South John C. Calhoun of South Carolina - SOUTHCarolina - SOUTH
Serve as House and Serve as House and Senate membersSenate members
Former War Hawks, Former War Hawks, NationalistsNationalists Calhoun will lean toward Calhoun will lean toward
states’ rights laterstates’ rights later Will become dominant Will become dominant
members of the Senate in members of the Senate in 1830s and 1840s1830s and 1840s
America ExpandsAmerica Expands
Land available in Louisiana Territory and Land available in Louisiana Territory and conquered native landsconquered native lands Loans from state banks than Bank of U.S.Loans from state banks than Bank of U.S. Cheap land sold by governmentCheap land sold by government
Trade restrictions and panics force New Trade restrictions and panics force New Englanders westEnglanders west
South demands new fertile landSouth demands new fertile land Slavery a necessitySlavery a necessity
Improved infrastructure makes expanding easierImproved infrastructure makes expanding easier Influx of immigrantsInflux of immigrants
Missouri Compromise (1820)Missouri Compromise (1820) Given North-South rift, politicians hoped to preserve sectional balanceGiven North-South rift, politicians hoped to preserve sectional balance House dominated by North, but Southern senators could block House dominated by North, but Southern senators could block
legislationlegislation Tallmadge AmendmentTallmadge Amendment
Prohibit more slaves in MissouriProhibit more slaves in Missouri Free child slaves by 25 years oldFree child slaves by 25 years old
Missouri Compromise by Henry ClayMissouri Compromise by Henry Clay Missouri as a slave stateMissouri as a slave state Maine as a free stateMaine as a free state Latitude 36 30’Latitude 36 30’
America’s Foreign PolicyAmerica’s Foreign Policy
Rush-Bagot Agreement (1817)Rush-Bagot Agreement (1817) naval activity and forts limited between U.S. and naval activity and forts limited between U.S. and
CanadaCanada
Treaty of 1818 with Great BritainTreaty of 1818 with Great Britain Fishing rights, 49Fishing rights, 49thth parallel northern boundary parallel northern boundary
FloridaFlorida Andrew Jackson’s Invasion and First Seminole War Andrew Jackson’s Invasion and First Seminole War
(1816-1818)(1816-1818) Adams-Onis Treaty (1819)Adams-Onis Treaty (1819)
U.S. acquires Florida, assume Spanish claimsU.S. acquires Florida, assume Spanish claims
Monroe Doctrine (1823)Monroe Doctrine (1823)
Concerned about European aggression in Concerned about European aggression in the Americasthe Americas
Americas not subject to colonizationAmericas not subject to colonization United States gives warning to Europe, United States gives warning to Europe,
including Great Britain, to not interfere with including Great Britain, to not interfere with sovereign development of the Americassovereign development of the Americas
America’s Market Economy:America’s Market Economy:TransportationTransportation
TransportationTransportation Toll Roads and TurnpikesToll Roads and Turnpikes
Cumberland Road (National Road)Cumberland Road (National Road)
CanalsCanals Connected major waterways and West with EastConnected major waterways and West with East Erie Canal (1825)Erie Canal (1825)
SteamboatsSteamboats Robert Fulton and the Robert Fulton and the Clermont Clermont (1807)(1807)
RailroadsRailroads Based on steam energy and slowly developing in NortheastBased on steam energy and slowly developing in Northeast
Cumberland RoadCumberland Road
America ConnectedAmerica Connected
The The ClermontClermont
America’s Market Economy:America’s Market Economy:IndustrialismIndustrialism
Most textile and production at home or by skilled artisans in NortheastMost textile and production at home or by skilled artisans in Northeast Putting-out systemPutting-out system
Merchants bought raw materials and hired farm families to produce goods for sellingMerchants bought raw materials and hired farm families to produce goods for selling InnovationInnovation
Cotton ginCotton gin Textile machines from EnglandTextile machines from England Spinning jennySpinning jenny Flying shuttleFlying shuttle Water frameWater frame Steam powerSteam power Interchangeable partsInterchangeable parts
Assembly-line type productionAssembly-line type production Factory SystemFactory System
High production with use of machines and new technologiesHigh production with use of machines and new technologies Opened doors for unskilled labor and urbanizationOpened doors for unskilled labor and urbanization Artisans pressured by high demand and forced to work in factoriesArtisans pressured by high demand and forced to work in factories
Lowell SystemLowell System Recruited young women to work in textile factories and live in dormitoriesRecruited young women to work in textile factories and live in dormitories
Rise of CorporationsRise of Corporations Capital investment for new industriesCapital investment for new industries
Trade UnionsTrade Unions Poor working conditions, low pay, and long hours led to development of unionsPoor working conditions, low pay, and long hours led to development of unions
InnovationsInnovations
Steam engine
Interchangeable parts
Spinning jenny
America’s Market Economy:America’s Market Economy:Commercial AgricultureCommercial Agriculture
Innovation increased Innovation increased agricultural productionagricultural production Iron and steel plowsIron and steel plows Grain cradleGrain cradle Variety of crops and livestockVariety of crops and livestock
Improved transportationImproved transportation Established market networks Established market networks
and creditand credit
Western expansion and new fertile landWestern expansion and new fertile land Grain center moved from New York and Grain center moved from New York and
Pennsylvania to Ohio to IllinoisPennsylvania to Ohio to Illinois North based on grainNorth based on grain Upper South based on tobaccoUpper South based on tobacco Deep South based on King CottonDeep South based on King Cotton
Cotton gin could process 50 lbs / dayCotton gin could process 50 lbs / day 1790 - 3,000 bales (at 500 lbs/ 1790 - 3,000 bales (at 500 lbs/
bale)bale) 1793 - 10,000 bales1793 - 10,000 bales 17951795 17,000 bales 17,000 bales 18011801 100,000 bales100,000 bales 18201820 200,000 bales200,000 bales 26¢-44¢ before 1800; 26¢-44¢ before 1800; 15¢-19¢ after 180015¢-19¢ after 1800
SlaverySlavery Demand substantially increasedDemand substantially increased Interstate slave trade booms after 1820Interstate slave trade booms after 1820
Most slaves traded from Upper Most slaves traded from Upper South to Lower SouthSouth to Lower South
America’s Market Economy:America’s Market Economy:Federal Policies and BankingFederal Policies and Banking
Increased manufacturing due to trade Increased manufacturing due to trade restrictions and warrestrictions and war
Tariff of 1816Tariff of 1816 Protective tariff raising rates to 25%Protective tariff raising rates to 25%
The The American SystemAmerican System by Henry by Henry ClayClay Evolution of Hamilton’s Economic Evolution of Hamilton’s Economic
PlanPlan Protective tariffsProtective tariffs
Foreign goods become expensive, Foreign goods become expensive, consumers purchase cheaper consumers purchase cheaper American goodsAmerican goods
National bankNational bank Single currency to facilitate tradeSingle currency to facilitate trade Establish easier credit systemEstablish easier credit system
InfrastructureInfrastructure Improved transportation facilitated Improved transportation facilitated
trade and commerce, linking the trade and commerce, linking the regions and marketsregions and markets
Credit and BankingCredit and Banking Second Bank of the United States Second Bank of the United States
(1816) chartered(1816) chartered farmers earning credit leading to farmers earning credit leading to
necessity of banksnecessity of banks State banks issued paper notes for State banks issued paper notes for
specie (gold and silver)specie (gold and silver) Panic of 1819 (1819-1823)Panic of 1819 (1819-1823)
Considered the first major economic Considered the first major economic and financial crisis of the U.S.and financial crisis of the U.S.
U.S. borrowed heavily to finance the U.S. borrowed heavily to finance the war leading to inflationwar leading to inflation
Bank of U.S. increased interest rates Bank of U.S. increased interest rates to control inflation (contractionary to control inflation (contractionary policy)policy)
Land speculation and recession hits Land speculation and recession hits the West hardthe West hard
Northern manufacturers demanded Northern manufacturers demanded high tariffshigh tariffs
Southern farmers demanded low Southern farmers demanded low tariffstariffs
Western farmers blamed speculation Western farmers blamed speculation and banksand banks
United States c. 1824United States c. 1824