eradicating hunger & malnutrition - united nations · eradicating hunger & malnutrition the...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Eradicating hunger & malnutrition - United Nations · Eradicating hunger & malnutrition The biggest challenge of our time ... Crop Wild Relatives • Tough — with traits we don’t](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022518/5b14651b7f8b9a2a7c8cd521/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
![Page 2: Eradicating hunger & malnutrition - United Nations · Eradicating hunger & malnutrition The biggest challenge of our time ... Crop Wild Relatives • Tough — with traits we don’t](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022518/5b14651b7f8b9a2a7c8cd521/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Eradicating hunger & malnutrition
The biggest challenge of our time
Agricultural biodiversity is a prerequisite
for sustainable agriculture and food security
2
![Page 3: Eradicating hunger & malnutrition - United Nations · Eradicating hunger & malnutrition The biggest challenge of our time ... Crop Wild Relatives • Tough — with traits we don’t](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022518/5b14651b7f8b9a2a7c8cd521/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Agriculture
• Facing its biggest challenge ever,
due to population growth and
climate change
• IPPC: 2% reduced agricultural
output per decade
• FAO: 50% increase in cereals
required before 2050
We have to find a way out
3
![Page 4: Eradicating hunger & malnutrition - United Nations · Eradicating hunger & malnutrition The biggest challenge of our time ... Crop Wild Relatives • Tough — with traits we don’t](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022518/5b14651b7f8b9a2a7c8cd521/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Pests and Diseases
• The Irish Potato Famine
• The Southern Corn Leaf Blight
• Genetic uniformity the primary cause
New challenges due to climate change
4
![Page 5: Eradicating hunger & malnutrition - United Nations · Eradicating hunger & malnutrition The biggest challenge of our time ... Crop Wild Relatives • Tough — with traits we don’t](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022518/5b14651b7f8b9a2a7c8cd521/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Rice
• Plus 1ºC could result in a decrease of
yield by 10%
• Plus 2ºC is potentially catastrophic
We need to make crops climate
ready
5
![Page 6: Eradicating hunger & malnutrition - United Nations · Eradicating hunger & malnutrition The biggest challenge of our time ... Crop Wild Relatives • Tough — with traits we don’t](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022518/5b14651b7f8b9a2a7c8cd521/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Rice
• More tolerant to
submergence
• More tolerant to salinity
• More nutritious
• Higher yields
Not possible
without crop diversity
6
![Page 7: Eradicating hunger & malnutrition - United Nations · Eradicating hunger & malnutrition The biggest challenge of our time ... Crop Wild Relatives • Tough — with traits we don’t](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022518/5b14651b7f8b9a2a7c8cd521/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Diversity
• 200,000 varieties of rice
• 120,000 varieties of wheat
• 4,000 varieties of potatoes
• 35,000 varieties of finger millet
• 3,000 varieties of coconut
All are important because one might have the trait
to increase nutritious value, fight disease,
adapt to new climates, or produce higher yields
7
![Page 8: Eradicating hunger & malnutrition - United Nations · Eradicating hunger & malnutrition The biggest challenge of our time ... Crop Wild Relatives • Tough — with traits we don’t](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022518/5b14651b7f8b9a2a7c8cd521/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Loss of diversity
• Spain: had 400 melon varieties in 1970, only 12 today
• Germany: all apples grown now originate from only 6 varieties
• China: lost 90% of rice varieties since 1950
• Mexico: lost 80% of corn varieties since 1900
• India: lost 90% of rice varieties since 1900
• USA: lost 90% of fruit and vegetable varieties since 1900
8
![Page 9: Eradicating hunger & malnutrition - United Nations · Eradicating hunger & malnutrition The biggest challenge of our time ... Crop Wild Relatives • Tough — with traits we don’t](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022518/5b14651b7f8b9a2a7c8cd521/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
The Future
We can’t retrieve what we have lost, but we
can protect what we have and make it
available
9
![Page 10: Eradicating hunger & malnutrition - United Nations · Eradicating hunger & malnutrition The biggest challenge of our time ... Crop Wild Relatives • Tough — with traits we don’t](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022518/5b14651b7f8b9a2a7c8cd521/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
The Green Revolution
is running out…
Diversity is available in:
• Farmers’ fields
• Plant gene banks
International crop collections are located mainly
in the South
10
Afric
a Rice Cente
r
Centre
du riz pourl’A
frique A r f caR ce
![Page 11: Eradicating hunger & malnutrition - United Nations · Eradicating hunger & malnutrition The biggest challenge of our time ... Crop Wild Relatives • Tough — with traits we don’t](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022518/5b14651b7f8b9a2a7c8cd521/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Interdependence
• No country is self sufficient in crop diversity
• The US has only 10% of the crop variety found in the world’s
plant gene banks in its own collections
• Soybean does not originate from Brazil, yet Brazil has the
second largest production of soybean in the world
• Wheat variety ‘Veery’: bred with genetic resources from 26
countries
Crop Diversity – a true global common good
11
![Page 12: Eradicating hunger & malnutrition - United Nations · Eradicating hunger & malnutrition The biggest challenge of our time ... Crop Wild Relatives • Tough — with traits we don’t](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022518/5b14651b7f8b9a2a7c8cd521/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Reasons for Optimism
Crop Wild Relatives
• Tough — with traits we don’t don’t find in
domesticated varieties
We broaden the genetic basis where we
can search for traits
12
![Page 13: Eradicating hunger & malnutrition - United Nations · Eradicating hunger & malnutrition The biggest challenge of our time ... Crop Wild Relatives • Tough — with traits we don’t](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022518/5b14651b7f8b9a2a7c8cd521/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Reasons for Optimism
Big data
• Sequencing of the plant DNA, physically characteristics, and
passport data
We get faster to results and speed up breeding processes
substantially
13
![Page 14: Eradicating hunger & malnutrition - United Nations · Eradicating hunger & malnutrition The biggest challenge of our time ... Crop Wild Relatives • Tough — with traits we don’t](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022518/5b14651b7f8b9a2a7c8cd521/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Transfer of Technology
CGIAR centers should be
viewed as repositories not only
of seeds but of technology,
which is publicly generated,
available to everybody in the
service of agricultural
development
14
![Page 15: Eradicating hunger & malnutrition - United Nations · Eradicating hunger & malnutrition The biggest challenge of our time ... Crop Wild Relatives • Tough — with traits we don’t](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022518/5b14651b7f8b9a2a7c8cd521/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Crop divesity
A prerequisite
for a sustainable food system
which brings about
livelihoods and more and more nutritious
food
in spite of climate change
15
![Page 16: Eradicating hunger & malnutrition - United Nations · Eradicating hunger & malnutrition The biggest challenge of our time ... Crop Wild Relatives • Tough — with traits we don’t](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022518/5b14651b7f8b9a2a7c8cd521/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Goals and Targets
Recognize the importance of crop biodiversity as a basis for food
security and sustainable agricultural development
General target: Crop diversity be urgently and effectively
conserved.bybby
16
![Page 17: Eradicating hunger & malnutrition - United Nations · Eradicating hunger & malnutrition The biggest challenge of our time ... Crop Wild Relatives • Tough — with traits we don’t](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022518/5b14651b7f8b9a2a7c8cd521/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Goals and Targets
Aichi Biodiversity Target 13:
Target 13. By 2020, the genetic diversity of cultivated plants
and (farmed and domesticated animals and) of wild relatives,
including other socio-economically as well as culturally
valuable species, is maintained, and strategies have been
developed and implemented for minimizing genetic erosion
and safeguarding their genetic diversity.
17
![Page 18: Eradicating hunger & malnutrition - United Nations · Eradicating hunger & malnutrition The biggest challenge of our time ... Crop Wild Relatives • Tough — with traits we don’t](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022518/5b14651b7f8b9a2a7c8cd521/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Goals and Targets
Target 9 of the Global Plant Conservation Strategy:
Target 9. (That by 2020) 70% of the genetic diversity of
crops including their wild relatives and other socio-
economically valuable plant species conserved, while
respecting, preserving and maintaining associated indigenous
and local knowledge.
18
![Page 19: Eradicating hunger & malnutrition - United Nations · Eradicating hunger & malnutrition The biggest challenge of our time ... Crop Wild Relatives • Tough — with traits we don’t](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022518/5b14651b7f8b9a2a7c8cd521/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Goals and Targets
By 2018, the crop diversity collections under Article
15 of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic
Resources for Food and Agriculture are permanently
secured
It is doable!
19
![Page 20: Eradicating hunger & malnutrition - United Nations · Eradicating hunger & malnutrition The biggest challenge of our time ... Crop Wild Relatives • Tough — with traits we don’t](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022518/5b14651b7f8b9a2a7c8cd521/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Thank you