ERGONOMIC VIBRATION ERGONOMIC VIBRATION

WHO’S AT RISK?WHO’S AT RISK?

ANYONE WHO ABSORBS MACHINE ANYONE WHO ABSORBS MACHINE VIBRATION THROUGH THEIR HANDS AND VIBRATION THROUGH THEIR HANDS AND ARMS WHILE WORKING A FAST-MOVING ARMS WHILE WORKING A FAST-MOVING HAND TOOL -- HAND TOOL --

OR THROUGH THE BUTTOCKS AND THE OR THROUGH THE BUTTOCKS AND THE SOLES OF THE FEET WHILE RIDING IN OR SOLES OF THE FEET WHILE RIDING IN OR STANDING NEAR VIBRATING, HEAVY STANDING NEAR VIBRATING, HEAVY MACHINERY--MACHINERY--

RUNS THE RISK.RUNS THE RISK.

WHAT IS VIBRATION?WHAT IS VIBRATION?

VASOSPASTIC, NEUROMUSCULAR, VASOSPASTIC, NEUROMUSCULAR, ARTHRITIC DISORDERS OF THE HANDS AND ARTHRITIC DISORDERS OF THE HANDS AND UPPER LIMBSUPPER LIMBS

COMPOSITE OF VIBRATION INDUCED SIGNS COMPOSITE OF VIBRATION INDUCED SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS (e.g. NUMBNESS, TINGLING AND SYMPTOMS (e.g. NUMBNESS, TINGLING OF THE FINGERS, EPISODIC BLANCHING OF OF THE FINGERS, EPISODIC BLANCHING OF THE FINGERS, PAIN, REDUCED GRIP THE FINGERS, PAIN, REDUCED GRIP STRENGTH AND DEXTERITYSTRENGTH AND DEXTERITY

RAYNAUD’S SYNDROME, WHITE FINGERRAYNAUD’S SYNDROME, WHITE FINGER

SYMPTOMS OF VIBRATION SYMPTOMS OF VIBRATION SYNDROME?SYNDROME?

DISCOMFORT FROM COLDDISCOMFORT FROM COLD TINGLING, NUMBINGTINGLING, NUMBING BLANCHING FINGERSBLANCHING FINGERS PAINPAIN

HOW MANY EXPOSED?HOW MANY EXPOSED?

APPROXIMATELY 1.2 MILLION EXPOSEDAPPROXIMATELY 1.2 MILLION EXPOSED 50 -- 60 % OF WORKER POPULATION HAVE 50 -- 60 % OF WORKER POPULATION HAVE

SYMPTOMSSYMPTOMS

TYPES?TYPES?

WHOLE BODY VIBRATIONWHOLE BODY VIBRATION

SEGMENTAL VIBRATIONSEGMENTAL VIBRATION

DEFINITION?DEFINITION?

A CYCLE OF SPECIFIC ACTIVITY BACK-A CYCLE OF SPECIFIC ACTIVITY BACK-FORTH, UP AND DOWN RESULTING FROM FORTH, UP AND DOWN RESULTING FROM REVERSAL OF ENERGYREVERSAL OF ENERGY

FREQUENCIES OF 100 HZ OR HIGHER ARE FREQUENCIES OF 100 HZ OR HIGHER ARE ABSORBED BY THE HANDS AND WRISTSABSORBED BY THE HANDS AND WRISTS

FREQUENCIES UNDER 100 HZ ARE FREQUENCIES UNDER 100 HZ ARE ABSORBED BY THE UPPER LIMB JOINTSABSORBED BY THE UPPER LIMB JOINTS

RESPONSE DEPENDS ON:RESPONSE DEPENDS ON:

FREQUENCY OF VIBRATIONFREQUENCY OF VIBRATION AMPLITUDE OF VIBRATIONAMPLITUDE OF VIBRATION TIME HISTORY OF VIBRATION EXPOSURETIME HISTORY OF VIBRATION EXPOSURE DIRECTION OF VIBRATIONDIRECTION OF VIBRATION POINT OF APPLICATION OF VIBRATIONPOINT OF APPLICATION OF VIBRATION HOW MUCH VIBRATION IS TRANSMITTEDHOW MUCH VIBRATION IS TRANSMITTED AFFECT OF CLOTHING AND EQUIPMENTAFFECT OF CLOTHING AND EQUIPMENT BODY SIZE (HEIGHT AND WEIGHT)BODY SIZE (HEIGHT AND WEIGHT) BODY POSTURE/ BODY TENSIONBODY POSTURE/ BODY TENSION

MAGNITUDE IS INFLUENCED MAGNITUDE IS INFLUENCED BY:BY:

TYPE, WEIGHT, AND CONDITION OF TOOLTYPE, WEIGHT, AND CONDITION OF TOOL ACCELERATION AND FREQUENCY ACCELERATION AND FREQUENCY

PRODUCED BY TOOLPRODUCED BY TOOL• TOOL TYPE, ENVIRONMENTAL, ANTI-VIBRATION TOOL TYPE, ENVIRONMENTAL, ANTI-VIBRATION

MATERIALMATERIAL

• OPERATING SPEED, ERGONOMICS OF USEOPERATING SPEED, ERGONOMICS OF USE

GRIPPING FORCESGRIPPING FORCES ORIENTATION AND POSTURE OF THE ORIENTATION AND POSTURE OF THE

HANDS, ARMS, AND BODY DURING WORKHANDS, ARMS, AND BODY DURING WORK PARTS OF HANDS IN DIRECT CONTACT PARTS OF HANDS IN DIRECT CONTACT

WITH THE VIBRATING SURFACEWITH THE VIBRATING SURFACE

TOOLS MOST COMMONLY TOOLS MOST COMMONLY ASSOCIATED:ASSOCIATED:

POWERED HAMMERSPOWERED HAMMERS CHISELS, CHAIN SAWSCHISELS, CHAIN SAWS SANDERS, GRINDERS, RIVETERSSANDERS, GRINDERS, RIVETERS BREAKERS, DRILLS, COMPACTORSBREAKERS, DRILLS, COMPACTORS SHARPENERS, SHAPERSSHARPENERS, SHAPERS

CONTROL STRATEGIES:CONTROL STRATEGIES:

ENGINEERING AND WORK PRACTICESENGINEERING AND WORK PRACTICES ANTI-VIBRATION CLOTHING, EQUIPMENT, AND ANTI-VIBRATION CLOTHING, EQUIPMENT, AND

TRAININGTRAINING

GOALS:GOALS:

• REDUCE THE INTENSITYREDUCE THE INTENSITY

• REDUCE THE EXPOSURE DURATIONREDUCE THE EXPOSURE DURATION

• IDENTIFY THE EARLY SIGNS AND SYMPTOMSIDENTIFY THE EARLY SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

ENGINEERING CONTROLS:ENGINEERING CONTROLS:

REDUCTION AT SOURCEREDUCTION AT SOURCE

REDUCTION OF TRANSMISSIONREDUCTION OF TRANSMISSION

PROCESS MODIFICATIONPROCESS MODIFICATION

REDUCTION AT SOURCEREDUCTION AT SOURCE

REDUCE SPEED OF TOOLREDUCE SPEED OF TOOL REDUCE WEIGHT AND POWER NEEDED TO REDUCE WEIGHT AND POWER NEEDED TO

DRIVE THE TOOLDRIVE THE TOOL CHANGE TYPE OF TOOLCHANGE TYPE OF TOOL

• E.G. RECIPROCATING ENGINE TO ROTARY OR E.G. RECIPROCATING ENGINE TO ROTARY OR ELECTRIC MOTORELECTRIC MOTOR

TOOL MAINTENANCETOOL MAINTENANCE MOUNT EQUIPMENT ON SPRINGS OR MOUNT EQUIPMENT ON SPRINGS OR

COMPRESSION PADSCOMPRESSION PADS USE MATERIALS THAT GENERATE LESS USE MATERIALS THAT GENERATE LESS

VIBRATIONVIBRATION

REDUCTION AT TRANSMISSIONREDUCTION AT TRANSMISSION

PROVIDE CUSHION TO ACT AS A VIBRATION PROVIDE CUSHION TO ACT AS A VIBRATION ISOLATER IN A SEATED TASKISOLATER IN A SEATED TASK

PROVIDE ANTI-FATIGUE MATS FOR PROVIDE ANTI-FATIGUE MATS FOR STANDING OPERATIONSTANDING OPERATION

DESIGN TOOLS TO REDUCE VIBRATION DESIGN TOOLS TO REDUCE VIBRATION TRANSMITTED TO THE HANDS, TRANSMITTED TO THE HANDS,

COUNTERWEIGHT TOOLS TO MINIMIZE COUNTERWEIGHT TOOLS TO MINIMIZE GRIPPING REQUIRED TO OPERATE THEMGRIPPING REQUIRED TO OPERATE THEM

• DAMPENING MATERIALS AND GLOVES ARE DAMPENING MATERIALS AND GLOVES ARE USUALLY MORE EFFECTIVE FOR HIGHER USUALLY MORE EFFECTIVE FOR HIGHER FREQUENCIES.FREQUENCIES.

PROCESS MODIFICATIONPROCESS MODIFICATION

CHANGES IN ANY ASPECT OF PROCESS TO CHANGES IN ANY ASPECT OF PROCESS TO ELIMINATE NEED FOR VIBRATING TOOLS ELIMINATE NEED FOR VIBRATING TOOLS OR EQUIPMENTOR EQUIPMENT

USING MECHANICAL AIDS (CHUCKS, USING MECHANICAL AIDS (CHUCKS, CLAMPS) TO HOLD MATERIALCLAMPS) TO HOLD MATERIAL• REDUCES TIME OR INTENSITY OF EXPOSUREREDUCES TIME OR INTENSITY OF EXPOSURE

ROBOTICSROBOTICS AUTOMATIONAUTOMATION SUBSTITUTION OF MATERIALSSUBSTITUTION OF MATERIALS

• PLASTICS FOR HARD METALPLASTICS FOR HARD METAL

WORK MODIFICATION WORK MODIFICATION APPROACHESAPPROACHES

LIMIT NUMBERS OF HOURS LIMIT NUMBERS OF HOURS REDUCE NUMBER OF DAYS PER WEEKREDUCE NUMBER OF DAYS PER WEEK ROTATE BETWEEN VIBRATING AND NON-ROTATE BETWEEN VIBRATING AND NON-

VIBRATING TOOL TASKSVIBRATING TOOL TASKS SCHEDULE MAINTENANCE BREAKSSCHEDULE MAINTENANCE BREAKS

WORK PRACTICESWORK PRACTICES

LENGTH OF WORK DAYLENGTH OF WORK DAY JOB ROTATION JOB ROTATION SELECT LOW VIBRATION TOOLSSELECT LOW VIBRATION TOOLS DESIGN WORK TASK AND WORKPLACE DESIGN WORK TASK AND WORKPLACE

ERGONOMICALLYERGONOMICALLY REDUCE GRIP FORCE APPLIEDREDUCE GRIP FORCE APPLIED REDUCE FORCE APPLIEDREDUCE FORCE APPLIED RESTRICT USE OF PIECE WORK AND RESTRICT USE OF PIECE WORK AND

INCENTIVE PAYINCENTIVE PAY ERGONOMIC WORK POSTURESERGONOMIC WORK POSTURES

ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLSADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS

PPEPPE REDUCE TRANSMISSION OF VIBRATING ENERGY REDUCE TRANSMISSION OF VIBRATING ENERGY

TO THE HANDTO THE HAND PROTECT AGAINST EXPOSURE TO COLD AND PROTECT AGAINST EXPOSURE TO COLD AND

TRAUMATRAUMA TRAININGTRAINING

• SOURCE OF VIBRATIONSOURCE OF VIBRATION

• ADVERSE HEALTH AND SAFETY EFFECTS ADVERSE HEALTH AND SAFETY EFFECTS

• EARLY SIGNS AND SYMPTOMSEARLY SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

• USE AND AVAILABILITY OF VIBRATION PROTECTIVE CLOTHINGUSE AND AVAILABILITY OF VIBRATION PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

• ANTI-VIBRATION DEVICESANTI-VIBRATION DEVICES

• VALUE OF GOOD TOOL MAINTENANCEVALUE OF GOOD TOOL MAINTENANCE

• WORK PRACTICE PROCEDURESWORK PRACTICE PROCEDURES