ergonomics basics for employers this material was produced under grant numbers sh-22300-11-f-17 from...
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ERGONOMICS BASICSFOR EMPLOYERS
This material was produced under grant numbers SH-22300-11-F-17 from the Occupational Safety and Health administration, U.S. Dept. of Labor. It does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Department of Labor, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U. S. Government.
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WHAT IS ERGONOMICS?
Ergonomics is the study of the ‘fit’ between the physical demands of the workplace and the employees who perform the work…considering variability in human capabilities when designing, selecting, or modifying equipment, tools, work tasks, or the work environment.
Source: Easy Ergonomics OR-OSHA
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Repetition
Environmental Conditions
Work Organization
Contact Stress
Vibration Posture
Force
ERGONOMIC HAZARDS/RISK FACTORS FOR MUSCULAR SKELETAL DISORDERs (MSDs)
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WHY BE CONCERNED ABOUT ERGONOMICS?Leading Cause of Workplace Injury:Ergonomic Hazards
Source: US Bureau of Labor Statistics
YEAR # OF CASES % OF ALL OCCUPATIONAL INJURIES
2006 357,160 30%
2007 335,390 29%
2008 317,440 29%
2009 348,740 28%
2010 346,400 34%
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WHY BE CONCERNED ABOUT ERGONOMICSHow Much Do MSDs Cost Employers?
YEAR COST (in billions) % of TOTAL COSTALL WORKPLACE
INJURIES
2006 1 $12.4 25.7
2007 2 12.7 24.0
2008 3 13.4 25.0
2009 4 12.75 25.4
1 Source: Liberty Mutual Safety Index 20082 Source: Liberty Mutual Safety Index 20093 Source: Liberty Mutual Safety Index 20104 Source: Liberty Mutual Safety Index 2011
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DIRECT COSTS
● Higher workers’ compensation premiums
● Medical services to assess & accommodate injured workers
Source: Easy Ergonomics. OR-OSHA
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INDIRECT COSTS
●Employee turnover increased
● Absenteeism increased
● Retraining needed
● Product quality affected
Source: Easy Ergonomics. OR-OSHA
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HOW DO YOU KNOW IF YOU MIGHT HAVE AN ERGONOMICS
PROBLEM?
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HOW DO YOU KNOW MIGHT HAVE AN ERGONOMICS PROBLEM?
● Employees report problems● Employees modify tools, equipment● Production bottlenecks● Product quality affected● Employee absentee/turnover increase● OSHA 300 Log patterns● Workers’ compensation cases increase
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• WHAT’S WRONG WITH THESE PICTURES?
• WHERE’S THE ERGONOMIC HAZARD?
• WHY DOES THIS HAZARD EXIST
• WHAT’S CAUSING THE HAZARD?
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Source: Easy Ergonomics Oregon OSHA
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Source: Easy Ergonomics Oregon OSHA
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Source: Easy Ergonomics Oregon OSHA
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Source: Easy Ergonomics Oregon OSHA
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Source: Easy Ergonomics Oregon OSHA
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Source: Easy Ergonomics Oregon OSHA
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Source: Easy Ergonomics Oregon OSHA
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Source: Easy Ergonomics Oregon OSHA
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HOW CAN EMPLOYERS PREVENT/REDUCEERGONOMIC HAZARDS?
• Engineering Controls
• Administrative Controls
• Personal Protective Equipment
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Be careful about how to fix the problem.
The control should not eliminate one risk factor and create another.
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A COMPREHENSIVE ERGONOMICS PROGRAM
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A COMPREHENSIVE ERGONOMICS PROGRAM
• Worker and Union Involvement
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A COMPREHENSIVE ERGONOMICS PROGRAM
• Worker and Union Involvement• Job Analysis & Hazard Identification
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A COMPREHENSIVE ERGONOMICS PROGRAM
• Worker and Union Involvement• Job Analysis & Hazard Identification• Reporting System
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A COMPREHENSIVE ERGONOMICS PROGRAM
• Worker and Union Involvement• Job Analysis & Hazard Identification• Reporting System• Training & Education
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A COMPREHENSIVE ERGONOMICS PROGRAM
• Worker and Union Involvement• Job Analysis & Hazard Identification• Reporting System• Training & Education• Hazard Prevention & Control
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A COMPREHENSIVE ERGONOMICS PROGRAM
• Worker and Union Involvement• Job Analysis & Hazard Identification• Reporting System• Training & Education• Hazard Prevention & Control• Program Evaluation
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A COMPREHENSIVE ERGONOMICS PROGRAM
• Worker and Union Involvement• Job Analysis & Hazard Identification• Reporting System• Training & Education• Hazard Prevention & Control• Program Evaluation• Medical Management
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OSHA’s authority on ergonomic hazards: OSHA Act Section (5) (a) (1)
• Does a hazard exist?
• Is the hazard recognized?
• Is the hazard likely to cause serious harm?
• Is there a feasible means to reduce the hazard?
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WHERE TO GET HELP
● Your Industry Trade Association
● OSHA Consultation Service Illinois (217) 782-9386 Indiana (317) 232-2683
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WHERE TO GET HELP
● NIOSH Health Hazard Evaluation
● Universities
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RESOURCES
Easy Ergonomics. OR-OSHAhttp://www.cbs.state.or.us/osha/pdf/pubs/3347.pdf
OSHA ergonomic guidelines by industry, training, tools, success stories, program exampleswww.osha.gov NIOSH research on ergonomic hazards & solutions www.cdc.gov/niosh