eric-compendium-ethical guidance - harm and benefits ......x-8 9 3 < / = 0 7 4 6? a 8 9 b v >...

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Page 1: ERIC-compendium-Ethical Guidance - Harm and benefits ......x-8 9 3 < / = 0 7 4 6? a 8 9 b v > 2 @ w-8 9 3 < / = 7 0 > m 4 b g? i v 8 6 a > 0 g 8 3:? / a 3 4 6 = e
Page 2: ERIC-compendium-Ethical Guidance - Harm and benefits ......x-8 9 3 < / = 0 7 4 6? a 8 9 b v > 2 @ w-8 9 3 < / = 7 0 > m 4 b g? i v 8 6 a > 0 g 8 3:? / a 3 4 6 = e

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Page 3: ERIC-compendium-Ethical Guidance - Harm and benefits ......x-8 9 3 < / = 0 7 4 6? a 8 9 b v > 2 @ w-8 9 3 < / = 7 0 > m 4 b g? i v 8 6 a > 0 g 8 3:? / a 3 4 6 = e

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� � ! " # $ % ! & % � # � ' ( & # � ! ) $ ! * + ( ,- . / 0 1 2 / 3 4 5 6 7 3 8 9 : ; < : 3 < / = / 7 / 0 = > < 8 7 1 / 8 ? @ A 4 ? / 0 ? A ; < : > < 8 2 A = / ?9 = 4 B 3 < / = / 7 / 0 = > < C- D 4 = E 3 4 / ? 7 6 = / 3 < 0 3 > < 8 2 A = / ? 0 = / ? 4 3 < 0 = B / A 0 7 0 > 4 ? 7 / F 6 / ? > /4 9 3 < / 8 = G 0 = 3 8 > 8 G 0 3 8 4 ? 8 ? = / 7 / 0 = > < 9 = 4 B 3 < / 4 6 3 7 / 3 4 9 3 < / G = 4 5 / > 33 < = 4 6 @ < 3 4 8 3 7 > 4 B G 2 / 3 8 4 ? C- H 4 ? 7 8 A / = I 0 7 ; 8 A / 2 : 0 7 G 4 7 7 8 1 2 / I 0 ? : G 4 3 / ? 3 8 0 2 < 0 = B 7 0 ? A J 4 =@ = 4 6 G 7 C- K B G 2 4 : 7 3 = 0 3 / @ 8 / 7 3 4 B 8 ? 8 B 8 7 / A 8 7 3 = / 7 7 9 4 = > < 8 2 A = / ? G 0 = 3 8 > 8 G 0 3 8 ? @8 ? 3 < / = / 7 / 0 = > < C- L 0 M / > < 8 2 A G = 4 3 / > 3 8 4 ? G = 4 3 4 > 4 2 7 8 ? G 2 0 > / 3 4 7 0 9 / @ 6 0 = A > < 8 2 A = / ?9 = 4 B 0 1 6 7 8 M / 4 = 8 ? > 4 B G / 3 / ? 3 = / 7 / 0 = > < / = 7 C- L 0 M / 0 ? 0 @ = / / A 6 G 4 ? G 2 0 ? 9 4 = = / 7 G 4 ? A 8 ? @ 3 4 > < 8 2 A 7 0 9 / 3 : > 4 ? > / = ? 7 C- H 4 ? 7 6 2 3 2 4 > 0 2 2 : ; < / ? G 2 0 ? ? 8 ? @ 3 < / = / 7 / 0 = > < 0 ? A A / M / 2 4 G 8 ? @G = 4 3 4 > 4 2 7 I ; 8 3 < 4 6 3 5 / 4 G 0 = A 8 7 8 ? @ > < 8 2 A = / ? N 7 7 0 9 / 3 : 4 = ; / 2 2 O 1 / 8 ? @ C- K ? 7 6 = / 3 < 0 3 7 6 G G 4 = 3 9 4 = > < 8 2 A = / ? I 8 9 ? / / A / A A 6 = 8 ? @ 0 ? A 0 9 3 / = 3 < /= / 7 / 0 = > < G = 4 > / 7 7 I < 0 7 1 / / ? G 2 0 ? ? / A 9 4 = C- P 0 E / B / 0 7 6 = / 7 3 4 / ? 7 6 = / 3 < 0 3 < 0 = B 8 7 ? 4 3 > 0 6 7 / A 3 4 > < 8 2 A = / ? I9 0 B 8 2 8 / 7 4 = > 4 B B 6 ? 8 3 8 / 7 8 ? 3 < / A 8 7 7 / B 8 ? 0 3 8 4 ? 4 9 3 < / = / 7 / 0 = > <Q � * % + R & S � # $ ! & + R T / > 8 7 8 4 ? O B 0 E 8 ? @ 0 1 4 6 3 > < 8 2 A = / ? N 7 8 ? M 4 2 M / B / ? 3 8 ? = / 7 / 0 = > < / ? 3 0 8 2 74 3 < / = 7 3 0 E / < 4 2 A / = 7 I 4 ? 7 / M / = 0 2 8 7 7 6 / 7 I 8 ? > 2 6 A 8 ? @ U- ; < / 3 < / = 3 < / = / 7 / 0 = > < ; 8 2 2 / V 3 / ? A E ? 4 ; 2 / A @ / I 0 ? A G 4 3 / ? 3 8 0 2 2 :- 8 9 8 3 8 7 ? / > / 7 7 0 = : 3 4 8 ? > 2 6 A / > < 8 2 A = / ? 4 = 8 9 3 < / E ? 4 ; 2 / A @ / > 0 ? 1 /4 1 3 0 8 ? / A 3 < = 4 6 @ < 4 3 < / = B / 0 ? 7 W

Page 4: ERIC-compendium-Ethical Guidance - Harm and benefits ......x-8 9 3 < / = 0 7 4 6? a 8 9 b v > 2 @ w-8 9 3 < / = 7 0 > m 4 b g? i v 8 6 a > 0 g 8 3:? / a 3 4 6 = e

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- 8 9 3 < / = / 0 = / 7 4 6 ? A 0 ? A 8 ? 9 4 = B / A = / 0 7 4 ? 7 9 4 = / V > 2 6 A 8 ? @ > < 8 2 A = / ? W- 8 9 3 < / = / 7 / 0 = > < / = 7 < 0 M / 3 < / > 4 B G / 3 / ? > / I / V G / = 3 8 7 / I = / 7 4 6 = > / 7 0 ? A> 0 G 0 > 8 3 : ? / / A / A 3 4 6 ? A / = 3 0 E / 3 < / = / 7 / 0 = > < 8 ? M 4 2 M 8 ? @ > < 8 2 A = / ? W- 4 = > < 8 2 A = / ? 0 7 0 ; 8 A / = 7 4 > 8 0 2 @ = 4 6 G CK 3 < 8 > 0 2 = / 7 / 0 = > < 8 7 6 ? A / = G 8 ? ? / A 1 : 3 < / G = 8 ? > 8 G 2 / 7 4 9 5 6 7 3 8 > / I3 < / = / 7 / 0 = > < 0 > 3 8 M 8 3 : 1 = 8 ? @ 7 0 1 4 6 3 @ 4 4 A 0 ? A A 4 / 7 ? 4 < 0 = B C Y 7 7 / 7 7 8 ? @= / 7 / 0 = > < 4 > > 6 = 7 C Z 6 = 3 < / = B 4 = / I 3 < / = / 0 = / > 2 / 0 = 2 : A 8 M / = @ / ? 3 4 G 8 ? 8 4 ? 70 7 0 > > / G 3 0 1 2 / 2 / M / 2 7 4 9 = 8 7 E C L 4 ; / M / = I / 3 < 8 > 0 2 = / 7 / 0 = > < = / F 6 8 = / 7G 0 = 3 8 > 8 G 0 3 8 ? @ 0 ? A 4 3 < / = 7 C[ \ ] ^ _ ` a [ b c b _ ` [ ] b d [ \ ] a ] e ] ` a c \7 4 6 = > / 7 0 ? A 7 < 0 G / A 1 : 3 < / = / 7 / 0 = > < 3 4 G 8 > I B / 3 < 4 A 7 0 ? A 2 4 > 0 2 7 / 3 3 8 ? @ CL 0 = B > 0 ? 4 > > 6 = ; < / 3 < / = 3 < / = / 7 / 0 = > < 8 7 F 6 0 ? 3 8 3 0 3 8 M / 4 = F 6 0 2 8 3 0 3 8 M / W9 4 = / V 0 B G 2 / I 0 7 0 > 4 ? 7 / F 6 / ? > / 4 9 0 7 E 8 ? @ > < 8 2 A = / ? 9 4 = 8 ? 9 4 = B 0 3 8 4 ? 8 ? 0; 0 : 3 < 0 3 8 7 B 8 7 B 0 3 > < / A 3 4 3 < / 8 = > 6 = = / ? 3 > 0 G 0 > 8 3 8 / 7 0 ? A J 4 = 8 ? 3 = 4 A 6 > 8 ? @3 < / B 3 4 ? / ; 0 ? A 7 / ? 7 8 3 8 M / 8 ? 9 4 = B 0 3 8 4 ? 4 9 ; < 8 > < 3 < / : ; / = / G = / M 8 4 6 7 2 :6 ? 0 ; 0 = / C f 3 8 7 > = 8 3 8 > 0 2 2 : 8 B G 4 = 3 0 ? 3 3 < 0 3 3 < / = / 7 / 0 = > < B / 3 < 4 A 4 2 4 @ : 8 77 4 6 ? A I ; 8 3 < 0 G G = 4 G = 8 0 3 / B / 3 < 4 A 7 6 7 / A 3 4 > 4 2 2 / > 3 0 ? A 0 ? 0 2 : 7 / A 0 3 0 CL 0 = B > 0 ? 4 > > 6 = 8 ? 3 < / ; 0 : 8 ? 9 4 = B 0 3 8 4 ? 8 7 > 4 2 2 / > 3 / A 0 ? A 6 3 8 2 8 7 / A 8 ? 3 < /0 = / 6 7 / A C3 < 0 ? 8 ? 4 3 < / = 0 = / 0 7 C Z 4 = / V 0 B G 2 / I 8 ? = 0 ? A 4 B 8 7 / A > 4 ? 3 = 4 2 2 / A 3 = 8 0 2 7g h H P 7 i 6 7 / A 3 4 A / M / 2 4 G M 0 > > 8 ? / 7 9 4 = > < 8 2 A = / ? I 7 4 B / > < 8 2 A = / ? B 0 :> < 8 2 A G 4 G 6 2 0 3 8 4 ? C D < 8 2 / 3 < / G 4 3 / ? 3 8 0 2 9 4 = G < : 7 8 > 0 2 A 0 B 0 @ / 8 7 2 / 7 7 2 8 E / 2 :3 4 0 G G 2 : 8 ? 7 4 > 8 0 2 = / 7 / 0 = > < g L 8 2 2 I j k k l i I 8 3 > 0 ? 0 2 7 4 1 / 8 ? 3 = 6 7 8 M / 0 ? A> 0 6 7 / @ = / 0 3 A 8 7 3 = / 7 7 3 4 G 0 = 3 8 > 8 G 0 ? 3 7 g Y 2 A / = 7 4 ? m n 4 = = 4 ; I j k o o i C P < /6 7 / 9 6 2 ? / 7 7 0 ? A M 0 2 6 / 4 9 3 < / = / 7 / 0 = > < 8 7 0 1 0 7 8 7 4 9 2 / @ 8 3 8 B 0 > : 8 ? 0 2 27 3 6 A 8 / 7 I 8 ? > 2 6 A 8 ? @ 3 < 4 7 / 3 < 0 3 B 8 @ < 3 > 4 ? > / 8 M 0 1 2 : 8 ? M 4 2 M / 7 4 B / = 8 7 E 4 =A 8 7 > 4 B 9 4 = 3 g L C Z 4 7 7 < / 8 B I G / = 7 4 ? 0 2 > 4 B B 6 ? 8 > 0 3 8 4 ? I T / > / B 1 / = o p Ij k o o i CZ 4 = B 7 4 9 G 4 3 / ? 3 8 0 2 = 8 7 E 7 0 ? A < 0 = B 3 4 > < 8 2 A = / ? 8 ? > 2 6 A / U G < : 7 8 > 0 2< 0 = B 0 7 0 A 8 = / > 3 > 4 ? 7 / F 6 / ? > / 4 9 3 < / = / 7 / 0 = > < 7 3 6 A : 8 3 7 / 2 9 W G < : 7 8 > 0 2= / 3 = 8 1 6 3 8 4 ? I G 6 ? 8 7 < B / ? 3 4 = < 0 = B 9 = 4 B 4 3 < / = 7 9 4 = G 0 = 3 8 > 8 G 0 3 8 ? @ 8 ?= / 7 / 0 = > < 0 > 3 8 M 8 3 8 / 7 W 0 ? A A 8 7 3 = / 7 7 I 0 ? V 8 / 3 : 0 ? A 2 4 7 7 4 9 7 / 2 9 O / 7 3 / / B8 ? 7 4 > 8 0 2 = / 7 / 0 = > < 7 3 6 A 8 / 7 g Y 2 A / = 7 4 ? m n 4 = = 4 ; I j k o o i C L 0 = B 3 4> < 8 2 A = / ? I 8 ? 3 < / 9 4 = B 4 9 = / G = 8 7 0 2 4 = = / 3 = 8 1 6 3 8 4 ? I B 0 : > 4 B / 9 = 4 B ; 8 3 < 8 ?< 4 6 7 / < 4 2 A 7 I 0 7 0 > 4 ? 7 / F 6 / ? > / 4 9 > < 8 2 A = / ? 1 / 8 ? @ 8 ? > 2 6 A / A 4 = / V > 2 6 A / A1 / 7 3 3 4 8 ? > 2 6 A / 4 = 8 ? 9 4 = B G 0 = / ? 3 7 4 = > 0 = / @ 8 M / = 7 8 ? ; 0 : 7 3 < 0 3 / ? 0 1 2 /3 < / B 3 4 7 6 G G 4 = 3 3 < / 8 = > < 8 2 A = / ? 0 ? A 6 ? A / = 7 3 0 ? A 3 < / 8 B G 4 = 3 0 ? > / 4 93 < / B 1 / 8 ? @ 8 ? M 4 2 M / A 8 ? 3 < / = / 7 / 0 = > < g 1 / 0 = 8 ? @ 8 ? B 8 ? A 3 < 0 3 8 ? 7 4 B /

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Page 5: ERIC-compendium-Ethical Guidance - Harm and benefits ......x-8 9 3 < / = 0 7 4 6? a 8 9 b v > 2 @ w-8 9 3 < / = 7 0 > m 4 b g? i v 8 6 a > 0 g 8 3:? / a 3 4 6 = e

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8 ? 7 3 0 ? > / 7 I A / G / ? A 8 ? @ 4 ? 3 < / = / 7 / 0 = > < 3 4 G 8 > I 3 < 8 7 B 8 @ < 3 ? 4 3 1 / 3 < /; 8 7 / 7 3 > 4 6 = 7 / 4 9 0 > 3 8 4 ? i Ch / 7 / 0 = > < / = 7 < 0 M / 0 = / 7 G 4 ? 7 8 1 8 2 8 3 : 3 4 / ? 7 6 = / 3 < 0 3 > < 8 2 A = / ? 0 = / ? 4 3 8 ?5 / 4 G 0 = A : 8 9 B / B 1 / = 7 4 9 3 < / > 4 B B 6 ? 8 3 : 0 = / > 4 ? 7 6 2 3 / A 9 4 = = / 7 / 0 = > <G 6 = G 4 7 / 7 C f 9 3 < / = / 7 / 0 = > < 3 4 G 8 > 8 7 G 0 = 3 8 > 6 2 0 = 2 : 7 / ? 7 8 3 8 M / I 0 A A 8 3 8 4 ? 0 2> 0 = / 8 7 = / F 6 8 = / A ; 8 3 < = / @ 0 = A 3 4 3 < / G = / O / V 8 7 3 8 ? @ = / 2 0 3 8 4 ? 7 < 8 G 7 1 / 3 ; / / ?G / = G / 3 = 0 3 4 = 7 4 9 M 8 4 2 / ? > / 4 = 0 1 6 7 8 ? @ G 4 7 8 3 8 4 ? 7 4 9 G 4 ; / = I 1 / : 4 ? A 3 < /0 ; 0 = / ? / 7 7 4 9 3 < / = / 7 / 0 = > < / = CL 0 = B B 0 : 0 2 7 4 > 4 B / 0 1 4 6 3 3 < = 4 6 @ < 3 < / = / M / 0 2 8 ? @ 4 9 7 3 8 @ B 0 3 8 7 8 ? @8 ? 9 4 = B 0 3 8 4 ? 0 1 4 6 3 0 > < 8 2 A ; 8 3 < 8 ? 3 < / > 4 B B 6 ? 8 3 : 0 7 0 > 4 ? 7 / F 6 / ? > / 4 9= / 7 / 0 = > < G 0 = 3 8 > 8 G 0 3 8 4 ? C P < 8 7 B 0 : 4 > > 6 = I 9 4 = / V 0 B G 2 / I ; < / ? > < 8 2 A = / ?B / B 1 / = 7 0 = / 8 ? M 4 2 M / A ; 8 3 < 3 < / = / 7 / 0 = > < I 9 4 = / V 0 B G 2 / 0 7 8 ? 3 / = M 8 / ; / = 7 I/ B G < 0 7 8 7 / A C� 0 = 3 8 > 6 2 0 = @ = 4 6 G 7 B 0 : 0 2 7 4 1 / 6 ? 9 0 8 = 2 : 1 6 = A / ? / A 1 : 1 / 8 ? @ 4 M / = O= / 7 / 0 = > < / A ; < / ? 7 3 6 A 8 / 7 0 = / = / G 2 8 > 0 3 / A 4 = / V G 0 ? A / A I 4 = G 0 = 3 8 > 6 2 0 => 4 B B 6 ? 8 3 8 / 7 4 = M 8 2 2 0 @ / 7 0 = / 8 ? > 2 6 A / A 8 ? B 6 2 3 8 G 2 / 7 3 6 A 8 / 7 0 ? A/ V G / = 8 B / ? 3 7 C P < 8 7 > 0 ? 8 B G 0 > 3 G 0 = 3 8 > 6 2 0 = 2 : ? / @ 0 3 8 M / 2 : 4 ? @ = 4 6 G 73 < 0 3 0 = / 0 2 = / 0 A : A 8 7 0 A M 0 ? 3 0 @ / A C Y 9 6 = 3 < / = G 4 3 / ? 3 8 0 2 < 0 = B 8 73 < / A 8 7 0 G G 4 8 ? 3 B / ? 3 9 4 = G 0 = 3 8 > 8 G 0 ? 3 7 8 9 > / = 3 0 8 ? g G 4 7 7 8 1 2 : < 8 A A / ? iB 0 3 / = 8 0 2 8 7 / Cf ? > < 8 2 A O 4 = : 4 6 3 < O 2 / A = / 7 / 0 = > < I 8 ? ; < 8 > < > < 8 2 A = / ? 3 < / B 7 / 2 M / 7 8 ? 9 4 = B0 A 6 2 3 7 ? / / A 3 4 1 / / V G / > 3 / A 0 ? A G 2 0 ? ? / A 9 4 = C L 0 = B > 0 ? 4 > > 6 = ; < / ?> < 8 2 A = / ? N 7 M 4 8 > / 7 0 = / 7 4 6 @ < 3 4 ? 2 : ; < / ? 3 < / : B 0 3 > < 3 < / 8 ? 3 / = / 7 3 7 4 90 A 6 2 3 = / 7 / 0 = > < / = 7 I 1 6 3 0 = / 4 M / = 2 4 4 E / A ; < / ? 3 < / : A 4 ? 4 3 g � 0 M / 3 < /0 ? A 3 < 4 7 / 4 9 0 A 6 2 3 7 ? / / A 3 4 1 / ? / @ 4 3 8 0 3 / A 8 ? 0 3 = 0 ? 7 G 0 = / ? 3 0 ? A9 0 > 3 4 = / A 8 ? 3 4 3 / 0 B B / B 1 / = 7 N = 4 2 / 7 CP < / 7 / 9 4 = B 7 4 9 G 4 3 / ? 3 8 0 2 < 0 = B < 8 @ < 2 8 @ < 3 3 < / 8 B G 4 = 3 0 ? > / 4 9 = / 7 / 0 = > < / = 74 = / V G / > 3 0 3 8 4 ? 7 g G 0 = 3 8 > 6 2 0 = 2 : ; < / ? 6 ? A / = 3 0 E / ? 1 : = / 7 / 0 = > < / = 7 9 = 4 B4 6 3 7 8 A / 3 < / > 4 B B 6 ? 8 3 : i I ; < 8 > < = / F 6 8 = / > 0 = / 9 6 2 0 ? A > 4 ? 7 8 A / = / A8 ? 3 / = 0 > 3 8 4 ? 7 ; 8 3 < = / 7 / 0 = > < / = 7 3 4 3 < / / V 3 / ? 3 3 < 0 3 3 < 4 7 / G 0 = 3 8 > 8 G 0 3 8 ? @ 8 ?3 < / = / 7 / 0 = > < 0 = / A 8 7 0 A M 0 ? 3 0 @ / A 8 ? 7 4 B / ; 0 : 0 7 0 > 4 ? 7 / F 6 / ? > / 4 93 < / 8 = G 0 = 3 8 > 8 G 0 3 8 4 ? C Z 4 = = / 7 / 0 = > < / = 7 ; < 4 0 = / 0 ; 0 = / 4 9 3 < / G 4 3 / ? 3 8 0 2 2 :A 8 7 0 A M 0 ? 3 0 @ / 4 6 7 > 4 ? 7 / F 6 / ? > / 7 4 9 G 0 = 3 8 > 8 G 0 3 8 4 ? 9 4 = 9 0 B 8 2 8 / 7 0 ? A> 4 B B 6 ? 8 3 8 / 7 3 < 8 7 = 0 8 7 / 7 0 ? 6 B 1 / = 4 9 > 4 ? 7 8 A / = 0 3 8 4 ? 7 0 7 A 8 7 > 6 7 7 / A 8 ?G 0 = 3 8 > 8 G 0 ? 3 7 3 4 = / 7 / 0 = > < / = 7 B 0 : > 4 B / 0 3 0 G / = 7 4 ? 0 2 > 4 7 3 C

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Y 3 3 / ? A 8 ? @ 3 4 G 4 3 / ? 3 8 0 2 ; / 2 2 O 1 / 8 ? @ > 4 ? > / = ? 7 0 ? A / ? 7 6 = 8 ? @ 3 < 0 3 > < 8 2 A = / ?0 = / 7 0 9 / I 0 ? A 3 < 0 3 9 4 2 2 4 ; O 6 G 7 6 G G 4 = 3 8 7 G = 4 M 8 A / A 0 7 ? / > / 7 7 0 = : I 8 7 0 ?8 ? 3 / @ = 0 2 > 4 B G 4 ? / ? 3 4 9 < 8 @ < F 6 0 2 8 3 : 0 ? A / 3 < 8 > 0 2 = / 7 / 0 = > < G 2 0 ? ? 8 ? @ CP < / = / 7 G 4 ? 7 8 1 8 2 8 3 : 3 < 0 3 = / 7 / 0 = > < / = 7 < 0 M / 3 4 > 4 ? 7 8 A / = > < 8 2 A G = 4 3 / > 3 8 4 ?0 ? A B 0 ? 0 @ / 7 0 9 / 3 : > 4 ? > / = ? 7 < 8 @ < 2 8 @ < 3 7 3 < / ? / / A 9 4 = = / 2 / M 0 ? 3 3 = 0 8 ? 8 ? @ I/ V G / = 3 8 7 / I 0 ? A 7 6 G / = M 8 7 4 = : 7 6 G G 4 = 3 C D 4 = E 8 ? @ 8 ? G 0 = 3 ? / = 7 < 8 G ; 8 3 </ V G / = 8 / ? > / A = / 7 / 0 = > < / = 7 0 ? A > < 8 2 A G = 4 3 / > 3 8 4 ? / V G / = 3 7 > 0 ? < / 2 G 3 4/ ? 7 6 = / 0 = 8 @ 4 = 4 6 7 0 G G = 4 0 > < g ° 4 = 8 ? I L 4 4 G / = I T : 7 4 ? m H 0 1 = 0 2 I j k k ¼ i I0 7 ; / 2 2 0 7 G = 4 M 8 A 8 ? @ 4 G G 4 = 3 6 ? 8 3 8 / 7 9 4 = g T 6 ? > 0 ? I T = / ; IL 4 A @ 7 4 ? m � 0 ; : / = I j k k Ì i C= / 7 / 0 = > < / = 7 7 6 7 G / > 3 > < 8 2 A 0 1 6 7 / 4 = 4 3 < / = 6 ? 7 0 9 / 4 = > = 8 B 8 ? 0 2 0 > 3 8 M 8 3 : C< 0 = B 4 ? 8 7 / ; 8 3 < 3 < / = / 7 / 0 = > < / = N 7 / 3 < 8 > 0 2 = / 7 G 4 ? 7 8 1 8 2 8 3 : 3 4 / ? 7 6 = / 3 < 0 3> < 8 2 A = / ? 0 = / G = 4 3 / > 3 / A 9 = 4 B < 0 = B Í 3 < 8 7 8 7 A 8 7 > 6 7 7 / A 8 ? @ = / 0 3 / = A / 3 0 8 2f ? 7 4 B / 8 ? 7 3 0 ? > / 7 I 3 < / = / G 4 = 3 8 ? @ 4 9 7 0 9 / 3 : > 4 ? > / = ? 7 4 = = / 9 / = = 0 2 3 4 7 4 > 8 0 24 9 > < 8 2 A = / ? N 7 G 0 = 3 8 > 8 G 0 3 8 4 ? 8 ? = / 7 / 0 = > < C L 4 ; / M / = I 8 ? 7 4 B / > 4 ? 3 / V 3 73 < / = / 8 7 0 2 0 > E 4 9 7 / = M 8 > / 7 3 4 = / G 4 = 3 7 0 9 / 3 : > 4 ? > / = ? 7 4 = 0 1 6 7 / 3 4 I0 ? A = / 7 / 0 = > < / = 7 ? / / A 3 4 > 4 ? 7 8 A / = 8 ? 0 A M 0 ? > / < 4 ; 3 4 = / 7 G 4 ? A 3 40 ? : A 8 7 > 2 4 7 6 = / 7 B 0 A / 1 : 3 < / > < 8 2 A C h / 7 / 0 = > < / = 7 0 2 7 4 ? / / A 3 4 E / / G8 ? B 8 ? A G 4 7 7 8 1 2 / ? / @ 0 3 8 M / > 4 ? 7 / F 6 / ? > / 7 9 4 = > < 8 2 A = / ? I 8 ? 3 < / 9 4 = B 4 9G 6 ? 8 7 < B / ? 3 4 = 7 3 8 @ B 0 3 8 7 0 3 8 4 ? I 8 9 7 0 9 / 3 : > 4 ? > / = ? 7 0 = / = / G 4 = 3 / A I 1 0 7 / A4 ? > < 8 2 A = / ? N 7 0 > > 4 6 ? 3 7 I ; < 8 > < 0 = / ? 4 3 3 < / ? 7 6 1 7 3 0 ? 3 8 0 3 / A CY ? 0 A A 8 3 8 4 ? 0 2 > 4 B G 2 / V 8 3 : 4 > > 6 = 7 ; < / ? > 4 ? > / = ? 7 0 = / = 0 8 7 / A A 6 = 8 ? @4 ? 2 8 ? / 8 ? 3 / = ? / 3 = / 7 / 0 = > < C P < / = / B 0 : 1 / ? 4 9 / 0 7 8 1 2 / ; 0 : 4 9 3 = 0 > 8 ? @4 = > 4 ? 3 0 > 3 8 ? @ 3 < / G 0 = 3 8 > 8 G 0 ? 3 ; < 4 < 0 7 = 0 8 7 / A 3 < / > 4 ? > / = ? 8 9 3 < / :< 0 M / 0 7 7 6 B / A 0 ? 0 ? 4 ? : B 4 6 7 4 = G 7 / 6 A 4 ? : B 4 6 7 8 A / ? 3 8 3 : C K M / ?; < / ? 0 > > 6 = 0 3 / 8 ? 9 4 = B 0 3 8 4 ? = / @ 0 = A 8 ? @ 3 < / > < 8 2 A N 7 8 A / ? 3 8 3 : 8 7 0 M 0 8 2 0 1 2 / I3 < / 8 = 2 4 > 0 3 8 4 ? B 0 : = / B 0 8 ? 6 ? E ? 4 ; ? 4 = 8 3 B 0 : 1 / 3 < 0 3 8 ? 3 / = M / ? 3 8 4 ? 8 76 ? 2 8 E / 2 : 4 = 8 B G 4 7 7 8 1 2 / C Y 7 ; 8 3 < 4 3 < / = 9 4 = B 7 4 9 = / 7 / 0 = > < I 3 < / 8 ? > 2 6 7 8 4 ?4 9 7 0 9 / 3 : B 0 ? 0 @ / B / ? 3 8 ? 4 ? 2 8 ? / = / 7 / 0 = > < G 2 0 ? ? 8 ? @ 8 7 8 ? 3 / @ = 0 2 C P < 8 7B 0 : 8 ? > 2 6 A / < 0 M 8 ? @ 0 Î G = 8 M 0 3 / B / 7 7 0 @ / N 9 0 > 8 2 8 3 : 9 4 = > < 8 2 A = / ? 3 4 > 4 ? 3 0 > 33 < / = / 7 / 0 = > < 3 / 0 B I / ? > 4 6 = 0 @ 8 ? @ > < 8 2 A = / ? 3 4 7 / / E < / 2 G 0 ? A G = 4 M 8 A 8 ? @3 < / A / 3 0 8 2 7 4 9 = / 2 / M 0 ? 3 7 6 G G 4 = 3 0 @ / ? > 8 / 7 g � < 0 = E / : / 3 0 2 C I j k o o i Ch / 7 / 0 = > < / = 7 ? / / A 3 4 3 0 E / 8 ? 3 4 0 > > 4 6 ? 3 3 < / = / 0 2 8 3 : 3 < 0 3 0 A 6 2 3 7 ; 8 3 <0 1 6 7 8 M / 8 ? 3 / ? 3 8 4 ? 7 B 0 : 6 7 / = / 7 / 0 = > < 0 7 0 B / 0 ? 7 4 9 @ 0 8 ? 8 ? @ 0 > > / 7 73 4 > < 8 2 A = / ? g L 8 2 2 I j k k l i C f ? 0 A A 8 3 8 4 ? I > < 8 2 A = / ? B 0 : 1 / 7 6 1 5 / > 3 3 46 ? 8 ? 3 / ? 3 8 4 ? 0 2 0 1 6 7 / I 3 < = 4 6 @ < = / 7 / 0 = > < / = 7 N 8 ? > 4 B G / 3 / ? 3 4 = G 4 4 =? 4 3 0 G G 2 : 8 ? @ E ? 4 ; 2 / A @ / 0 ? A G = 8 ? > 8 G 2 / 7 0 A / F 6 0 3 / 2 : I 2 0 > E 4 9 0 A / F 6 0 3 /7 E 8 2 2 7 8 ? = / 7 / 0 = > < A / 7 8 @ ? 0 ? A B / 3 < 4 A 4 2 4 @ : 0 ? A J 4 = 2 0 > E 4 9 8 ? 3 / @ = 8 3 : I0 > 6 8 3 : I > 6 2 3 6 = 0 2 0 ; 0 = / ? / 7 7 0 ? A 7 / ? 7 8 3 8 M 8 3 : C f 3 8 7 0 2 7 4 8 B G 4 = 3 0 ? 3 3 4 ? 4 3 /3 < 0 3 8 3 B 0 : ? 4 3 1 / 3 < / = / 7 / 0 = > < / = 7 3 < / B 7 / 2 M / 7 ; < 4 0 = / G = 0 > 3 8 7 8 ? @8 ? 3 / = G = / 3 / = 7 0 ? A 4 3 < / = 7 I ; < 4 B 0 : ? 4 3 < 0 M / = / > / 8 M / A 0 ? : / 3 < 8 > 0 23 = 0 8 ? 8 ? @ C Y ? 0 A A 8 3 8 4 ? 0 2 A 8 B / ? 7 8 4 ? 8 ? 7 6 > < > 4 ? 3 / V 3 7 B 8 @ < 3 1 / 3 < / ; 0 :8 ? ; < 8 > < = / 7 / 0 = > < / = 7 N / V G / > 3 0 3 8 4 ? 7 4 9 8 ? 3 / = 0 > 3 8 4 ? 7 0 ? A = / 2 0 3 8 4 ? 7 < 8 G 79 6 = 3 < / = / V 0 > / = 1 0 3 / A ; < / ? 3 < / = / 7 / 0 = > < / = A 4 / 7 ? 4 3 7 G / 0 E 3 < / 2 4 > 0 22 0 ? @ 6 0 @ / 0 ? A 8 7 A / G / ? A / ? 3 4 ? 8 ? 3 / = G = / 3 / = 7 3 4 > 4 ? A 6 > 3 A 0 3 0 > 4 2 2 / > 3 8 4 ?0 > 3 8 M 8 3 8 / 7 I 0 7 A 8 7 > 6 7 7 / A 8 ? 3 < / > 0 7 / 7 3 6 A : 1 : � 8 2 M 8 0 K V / ? 1 / = @ / = C

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B 8 7 G / = > / G 3 8 4 ? 7 B 0 : 1 / 8 ? 3 = 4 A 6 > / A 4 = G / = G / 3 6 0 3 / A 1 : 3 < / B / A 8 0 8 ?4 9 > < 8 2 A = / ? 1 : 0 A 6 2 3 7 > 0 ? / M / = 1 / 3 = 6 2 : 0 6 3 < / ? 3 8 > 8 7 0 B 0 3 3 / = 9 4 =A / 1 0 3 / I 3 < / = / G = / 7 / ? 3 0 3 8 4 ? 4 9 > < 8 2 A = / ? 0 ? A 3 < / 8 = M 8 / ; 7 > 0 ? 1 / / 3 < 8 > 0 20 ? A 0 G G = 4 G = 8 0 3 / I 4 = > 4 ? M / = 7 / 2 : 8 3 > 0 ? > 4 ? 9 4 = B 3 4 7 3 / = / 4 3 : G / 7 I 1 /6 ? = / 0 2 8 7 3 8 > 0 ? A J 4 = G 4 3 / ? 3 8 0 2 2 : < 0 = B 9 6 2 C P < / M 8 / ; 7 4 9 > < 8 2 A = / ? 0 ? A: 4 6 ? @ G / 4 G 2 / > 0 ? 7 4 B / 3 8 B / 7 1 / > 0 ? M 0 7 7 / A 9 4 = = / 7 / 0 = > < 3 < 0 3 8 7G 4 4 = 2 : A / 7 8 @ ? / A I 1 8 0 7 / A 0 ? A G 4 2 8 3 8 > 0 2 2 : A = 8 M / ? C D < 8 2 / ? 4 = / 7 / 0 = > <> 0 ? 1 / 0 G 4 2 8 3 8 > 0 2 ? 4 = > 0 ? 3 < / > < 4 7 / ? B / 3 < 4 A 7 1 / 3 4 3 0 2 2 : 4 1 5 / > 3 8 M / IB 0 8 ? 3 0 8 ? 8 ? @ G = 4 9 / 7 7 8 4 ? 0 2 7 3 0 ? A 0 = A 7 0 ? A 8 ? 3 / @ = 8 3 : 8 7 M 8 3 0 2 2 : 8 B G 4 = 3 0 ? 33 4 > 4 6 ? 3 / = 3 < / / V G 2 4 8 3 0 3 8 4 ? 4 9 > < 8 2 A = / ? 9 4 = < / 0 A 2 8 ? / @ = 0 1 1 8 ? @ Î = / 7 / 0 = > < N3 < 0 3 B 0 : 8 ? 9 0 > 3 B 8 7 = / G = / 7 / ? 3 J A 8 7 3 4 = 3 3 < / 8 = M 8 / ; 7 0 ? A / V G / = 8 / ? > / 7 CL 0 = B > 0 ? 0 2 7 4 1 / > 0 6 7 / A 3 4 @ = 4 6 G 7 0 ? A > 4 B B 6 ? 8 3 8 / 7 8 9 G 4 2 8 > 8 / 7 0 = /G 4 2 8 > 8 / 7 C h / 7 / 0 = > < / = 7 0 = / ? 4 3 0 2 ; 0 : 7 g 4 = 4 9 3 / ? i 8 ? 0 G 4 7 8 3 8 4 ? 3 40 ? A G 4 2 8 > : = / > 4 B B / ? A 0 3 8 4 ? 7 3 0 E / ? 6 G 0 ? A 8 B G 2 / B / ? 3 / A 0 = / / 3 < 8 > 0 28 7 7 6 / 7 3 < 0 3 ; 0 = = 0 ? 3 > 4 ? 7 8 A / = 0 3 8 4 ? C P < 4 7 / ; < 4 0 = / > 4 B B 8 7 7 8 4 ? 8 ? @= / 7 / 0 = > < < 0 M / @ = / 0 3 / = 0 > > 4 6 ? 3 0 1 8 2 8 3 : 8 ? 3 < 8 7 = / @ 0 = A 0 ? A ? / / A 3 41 / G 0 = 3 8 > 6 2 0 = 2 : 0 ; 0 = / 4 9 3 < / G 4 3 / ? 3 8 0 2 8 B G 0 > 3 4 9 8 B G 2 / B / ? 3 8 ? @ 0 ? A/ V / = > 8 7 8 ? @ > 0 6 3 8 4 ? 0 ? A = / 7 G 4 ? 7 8 1 8 2 8 3 : 0 7 = / F 6 8 = / A 3 4 / ? 7 6 = / 0 ? :G 4 7 7 8 1 2 / < 0 = B 8 7 B 8 ? 8 B 8 7 / A C4 9 = / 0 7 4 ? 7 C Y 3 3 8 B / 7 3 < 8 7 B 0 : 1 / 0 3 3 = 8 1 6 3 0 1 2 / 3 4 0 > 6 2 3 6 = 0 2 B 8 7 OB 0 3 > < 1 / 3 ; / / ? = / 7 / 0 = > < / = 6 ? A / = 7 3 0 ? A 8 ? @ 7 0 ? A / V G / > 3 0 3 8 4 ? 7 0 ? A2 4 > 0 2 E ? 4 ; 2 / A @ / I G = 0 > 3 8 > / 7 0 ? A 1 / 2 8 / 9 7 C Z 4 = / V 0 B G 2 / I = / 7 / 0 = > < / = 79 = 4 B > 6 2 3 6 = / 7 ; < 8 > < 0 = / G = / A 4 B 8 ? 0 ? 3 2 : 8 ? A 8 M 8 A 6 0 2 8 7 3 8 > B 0 : 8 ? 3 / = G = / 30 ; 0 : 3 < 0 3 8 7 > 4 ? 7 8 7 3 / ? 3 ; 8 3 < 3 < / 8 = 4 ; ? 6 ? A / = 7 3 0 ? A 8 ? @ 7 I 1 / 2 8 / 9 7 0 ? A/ V G / = 8 / ? > / 7 1 6 3 8 ? 0 G G = 4 G = 8 0 3 / 3 4 3 < / > 4 ? 3 / V 3 8 ? ; < 8 > < 3 < / = / 7 / 0 = > < 8 73 0 E 8 ? @ G 2 0 > / C P < 8 7 < 8 @ < 2 8 @ < 3 7 3 < / 0 1 7 4 2 6 3 / 8 B G 4 = 3 0 ? > / 4 9 = / 7 / 0 = > < / = 71 = 8 ? @ 3 4 = / 7 / 0 = > < I 0 ? A 3 < / ? / > / 7 7 8 3 : 4 9 > = 8 3 8 > 0 2 2 : / V 0 B 8 ? 8 ? @ 0 ? AL 4 ; / M / = I 8 3 8 7 ? 4 3 5 6 7 3 > 6 2 3 6 = 0 2 8 7 7 6 / 7 0 ? A B 8 7 6 ? A / = 7 3 0 ? A 8 ? @ 7 3 < 0 3 > 0 ?8 7 ? 4 3 / 3 < 8 > 0 2 2 : ? / 6 3 = 0 2 0 ? A G 4 4 = = / > 4 B B / ? A 0 3 8 4 ? 7 > 0 ? > 4 B / 0 1 4 6 3G = 4 A 6 > / 7 F 6 / 7 3 8 4 ? 0 1 2 / = / 7 6 2 3 7 I 7 6 > < 0 7 3 < / 6 7 / 4 9 8 ? 0 G G = 4 G = 8 0 3 / 2 8 ? / 74 9 F 6 / 7 3 8 4 ? 8 ? @ 0 ? A J 4 = B / 3 < 4 A 7 4 9 0 ? 0 2 : 7 8 7 C n / 3 < 4 A 4 2 4 @ : > 0 ? 0 2 7 4 1 /0 G G = 4 G = 8 0 3 / 7 E 8 2 2 7 0 ? A 3 = 0 8 ? 8 ? @ C P < 8 7 B 0 : = / 7 6 2 3 I 9 4 = / V 0 B G 2 / I 9 = 4 B 02 0 > E 4 9 0 A < / = / ? > / 3 4 1 = 4 0 A / = G = 8 ? > 8 G 2 / 7 > 4 ? > / = ? 8 ? @ = 8 @ 4 6 = I 8 B G 0 = 3 8 0 2 8 3 :0 ? A = / 2 / M 0 ? > / 4 9 = / 7 / 0 = > < A / 7 8 @ ? 7 0 ? A B / 3 < 4 A 4 2 4 @ 8 / 7 CG 0 = 3 8 > 8 G 0 ? 3 7 > 0 ? 0 = 8 7 / 8 ? = / 2 0 3 8 4 ? 3 4 3 < / B / 3 < 4 A 7 6 7 / A 8 ? = / 7 / 0 = > < C¯ 7 8 ? @ à Ù ½ Ä Å È á Ù Ä â Å I 9 4 = / V 0 B G 2 / I 3 4 > 4 2 2 / > 3 A 0 3 0 > 0 ? @ 8 M / = 8 7 / 3 4 0= 0 ? @ / 4 9 > 4 ? > / = ? 7 I 0 7 A 8 7 > 6 7 7 / A 8 ? 3 < / > 0 7 / 7 3 6 A : 1 : L 8 2 A / Ø 0 6 ; / = 7 I8 ? > 2 6 A 8 ? @ 3 < / 8 B G 0 > 3 4 ? G 0 = 3 8 > 8 G 0 3 8 ? @ > < 8 2 A = / ? N 7 = / 2 0 3 8 4 ? 7 < 8 G 7 4 97 < 0 = 8 ? @ G = / M 8 4 6 7 2 : 6 ? E ? 4 ; ? 8 ? 9 4 = B 0 3 8 4 ? C

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0 G 0 = 3 8 > 6 2 0 = 2 : M 6 2 ? / = 0 1 2 / g 0 ? A 6 ? A / = O = / 7 / 0 = > < / A i G 4 G 6 2 0 3 8 4 ? 8 ? 3 / = B 74 9 B 0 5 4 = / 3 < 8 > 0 2 M 8 4 2 0 3 8 4 ? 7 g í 0 ? m n 6 ? 8 = I j k k p i C D < 8 2 / / V > 2 6 A 8 ? @ 3 < / 7 /M 6 2 ? / = 0 1 2 / > < 8 2 A = / ? 9 = 4 B = / 7 / 0 = > < 8 7 0 8 B / A 0 3 G = 4 3 / > 3 8 ? @ 3 < / B 9 = 4 B0 1 6 7 / 0 ? A 0 M 4 8 A 8 ? @ 3 < / > 4 B G 2 / V 8 3 8 / 7 4 9 8 ? 9 4 = B / A > 4 ? 7 / ? 3 I / V > 2 6 7 8 4 ?8 7 ? 4 3 A / 9 / ? 7 8 1 2 / 8 ? 3 / = B 7 4 9 Æ î Ä ¿ É Úf ? 0 A A 8 3 8 4 ? 3 4 3 < / 8 B G 4 = 3 0 ? > / 4 9 / ? 7 6 = 8 ? @ 3 < 0 3 G 0 = 3 8 > 6 2 0 = @ = 4 6 G 74 9 > < 8 2 A = / ? 0 = / ? 4 3 / V > 2 6 A / A 9 = 4 B = / 7 / 0 = > < I 3 < / = / 0 = / 0 2 7 4 > 0 2 2 7 9 4 =7 / ? 7 8 3 8 M / 2 : C Z 4 = / V 0 B G 2 / I 3 < / ¯ ? 8 3 / A » 0 3 8 4 ? 7 H 4 B B 8 3 3 / / 4 ? 3 < /h 8 @ < 3 7 4 9 3 < / H < 8 2 A g j k k ï i > 4 ? 7 8 A / = 7 3 < 0 3 ð 3 < / > 0 6 7 / 7 I G = / M / ? 3 8 4 ?0 ? A B 0 ? 0 @ / B / ? 3 4 9 A 8 7 0 1 8 2 8 3 8 / 7 A 4 ? 4 3 = / > / 8 M / 3 < / B 6 > < O ? / / A / A0 3 3 / ? 3 8 4 ? 4 ? ? 0 3 8 4 ? 0 2 0 ? A 8 ? 3 / = ? 0 3 8 4 ? 0 2 = / 7 / 0 = > < 0 @ / ? A 0 7 é g G C o ñ i0 ? A 7 < 4 6 2 A 1 / 0 ; 0 = A / A G = 8 4 = 8 3 : 7 3 0 3 6 7 9 4 = 9 6 ? A 8 ? @ 0 ? A B 4 ? 8 3 4 = 8 ? @ 4 9A 8 7 0 1 8 2 8 3 : 9 4 > 6 7 / A = / 7 / 0 = > < C� 4 ; / = = / 2 0 3 8 4 ? 7 < 8 G 7 / V 8 7 3 1 / 3 ; / / ? > < 8 2 A = / ? I 0 7 ; / 2 2 0 7 1 / 3 ; / / ?0 A 6 2 3 7 0 ? A > < 8 2 A = / ? I 0 ? A > 0 ? 8 B G 0 > 3 4 ? 3 < / / F 6 0 2 8 3 : 4 9 > < 8 2 A = / ? N 7G 0 = 3 8 > 8 G 0 3 8 4 ? 8 ? = / 7 / 0 = > < I 1 4 3 < 8 ? 3 / = B 7 4 9 0 > > / 7 7 3 4 0 ? A 0 > 3 6 0 2G 0 = 3 8 > 8 G 0 3 8 4 ? A 6 = 8 ? @ = / 7 / 0 = > < G = 4 5 / > 3 7 C H / = 3 0 8 ? B / 3 < 4 A 4 2 4 @ 8 / 7 > 0 ? 1 // B G 2 4 : / A 0 7 0 ; 0 : 4 9 B 8 ? 8 B 8 7 8 ? @ G 4 ; / = 8 B 1 0 2 0 ? > / 7 0 ? A 7 6 G G 4 = 3 8 ? @> < 8 2 A = / ? N 7 G 0 = 3 8 > 8 G 0 3 8 4 ? I 3 < = 4 6 @ < 3 < / 6 7 / I 9 4 = / V 0 B G 2 / I 4 9 > < 8 2 A O 2 / A0 ? A â Æ Æ á á Æ Å Æ Â á ½ ¾ B / 3 < 4 A 4 2 4 @ 8 / 7 8 ? ; < 8 > < > < 8 2 A = / ? G 0 = 3 8 > 8 G 0 3 /0 7 = / 7 / 0 = > < / = 7 C n / 0 7 6 = / 7 > 0 ? 0 2 7 4 1 / 3 0 E / ? 3 4 0 A A = / 7 7 8 7 7 6 / 7 4 98 ? > 2 6 7 8 4 ? 0 ? A = / G = / 7 / ? 3 0 3 8 4 ? 0 7 0 ; 0 : 4 9 8 ? > = / 0 7 8 ? @ 4 G G 4 = 3 6 ? 8 3 8 / 7 9 4 =0 ; 8 A / = = 0 ? @ / 4 9 > < 8 2 A = / ? 3 4 G 0 = 3 8 > 8 G 0 3 / 8 ? 3 < / = / 7 / 0 = > < I 0 7 A 8 7 > 6 7 7 / A8 ? H 2 0 = / Z / 8 ? 7 3 / 8 ? 0 ? A H 2 0 8 = / ò N ó 0 ? / N 7 > 0 7 / 7 3 6 A : C� � � � � � � � � ô � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � ª � � �� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � õ � � � � � ¤ ¨ � � � � � � ö � � � � � � � � � � �� � � � � � ÷ ¦ ø � � � « � � � � � � � © � � � � � � � � � � � � ¬ � Õ Ñ ® ¬f ? G / / = = / 7 / 0 = > < I 8 3 8 7 8 B G 4 = 3 0 ? 3 3 4 / ? 7 6 = / 3 < 0 3 > < 8 2 A = / ? ; < 4 3 0 E /0 7 2 / 0 = ? 8 ? @ 0 1 4 6 3 3 < / 3 4 G 8 > 3 < / : 0 = / 8 ? 3 / = / 7 3 / A 8 ? 0 ? A A / M / 2 4 G 8 ? @= / 7 / 0 = > < 7 E 8 2 2 7 C f 3 8 7 0 2 7 4 M 8 3 0 2 3 < 0 3 G / / = = / 7 / 0 = > < / = 7 0 = / / ? @ 0 @ / A3 < = 4 6 @ < 4 6 3 3 < / = / 7 / 0 = > < > : > 2 / I 0 A / F 6 0 3 / 2 : 3 = 0 8 ? / A 0 ? A 7 6 G G 4 = 3 / A I0 ? A 3 < 0 3 3 < 8 7 8 7 ? 4 3 0 3 4 E / ? 8 7 3 8 > / V / = > 8 7 / CY ? 8 ? 3 / = ? 0 3 8 4 ? 0 2 7 6 = M / : 4 9 = / 7 / 0 = > < / = 7 g � 4 ; / 2 2 / 3 0 2 C I j k o o i 8 ? A 8 > 0 3 / AG 0 = 3 8 > 8 G 0 3 8 ? @ 9 = 4 B 2 4 ; 0 ? A B 8 A A 2 / 8 ? > 4 B / > 4 6 ? 3 = 8 / 7 > 4 ? 7 8 A / = / A 3 < / 8 => 0 G 0 > 8 3 : 3 4 8 ? > 2 6 A / > < 8 2 A = / ? N 7 M 8 / ; 7 8 ? = / 7 / 0 = > < 3 4 1 / B 4 7 3 = / 7 3 = 8 > 3 / A1 : > 4 ? > / = ? 7 = / 2 0 3 / A 3 4 > < 8 2 A = / ? N 7 7 0 9 / 3 : 0 ? A G 4 3 / ? 3 8 0 2 A 8 7 3 = / 7 7 I8 ? > 2 6 A 8 ? @ ; 4 = = 8 / 7 3 < 0 3 0 7 / ? 7 8 3 8 M / = / 7 / 0 = > < 3 4 G 8 > ; 4 6 2 A 6 G 7 / 3 3 < /> < 8 2 A W 3 < 0 3 > < 8 2 A = / ? > 4 6 2 A 1 / B 0 A / M 6 2 ? / = 0 1 2 / 3 4 A 8 7 > = 8 B 8 ? 0 3 8 4 ? J= / 3 0 2 8 0 3 8 4 ? 3 < = 4 6 @ < G 0 = 3 8 > 8 G 0 3 8 4 ? 8 ? = / 7 / 0 = > < W 0 ? A 9 / 0 = 9 4 = 3 < / > < 8 2 A N 79 = 4 B < 8 @ < 8 ? > 4 B / > 4 6 ? 3 = 8 / 7 ; / = / B 4 = / 2 8 E / 2 : 3 4 > 4 ? 7 8 A / = 3 < / B 7 / 2 M / 7= / 7 3 = 8 > 3 / A 1 : 4 M / = 2 : O G = 4 3 / > 3 8 M / / 3 < 8 > 0 2 = / M 8 / ; G = 4 > / 7 7 / 7 0 ? A > 4 ? 7 / ? 3 J@ 0 3 / O E / / G / = J 0 > > / 7 7 8 7 7 6 / 7 C

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; < / = / 3 < / = / 8 7 = / 2 0 3 8 M / 2 : 2 4 ; = / 2 8 0 ? > / 4 ? = / @ 6 2 0 3 4 = : B / > < 0 ? 8 7 B 7 I3 < / = / 8 7 0 ? 8 ? > = / 0 7 / A G 4 7 7 8 1 8 2 8 3 : 4 9 = 8 7 E : = / 7 / 0 = > < 1 / 8 ? @ > 0 = = 8 / A 4 6 3 1 := / 7 / 0 = > < / = 7 I > 4 B G 0 ? 8 / 7 I 4 = @ 0 ? 8 × 0 3 8 4 ? 7 0 ? A 4 3 < / = 7 ; < 4 7 / 8 ? 3 / = / 7 3 7= / 7 / 0 = > < = / 7 3 7 B 4 = / < / 0 M 8 2 : ; 8 3 < 3 < / 8 ? A 8 M 8 A 6 0 2 = / 7 / 0 = > < / = C ò ? 3 < /4 3 < / = < 0 ? A I 8 ? G 0 = 3 7 4 9 3 < / ; 4 = 2 A ; < / = / = / 7 / 0 = > < 8 ? M 4 2 M 8 ? @ > < 8 2 A = / ?8 7 < / 0 M 8 2 : > 8 = > 6 B 7 > = 8 1 / A 1 : > 4 ? > / = ? 7 0 1 4 6 3 > < 8 2 A = / ? N 7 M 6 2 ? / = 0 1 8 2 8 3 :0 ? A 3 0 E / 7 G 2 0 > / 8 ? 0 ? 8 ? > = / 0 7 8 ? @ 2 : = 8 7 E O 0 M / = 7 / > 4 ? 3 / V 3 I ; 8 3 < 8 ? > = / 0 7 / A7 6 = M / 8 2 2 0 ? > / 0 ? A = / @ 6 2 0 3 8 4 ? 4 9 = / 7 / 0 = > < / 3 < 8 > 7 g ° = 0 < 0 B m Z 8 3 × @ / = 0 2 A Ij k o k i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j k o o i 4 ? 3 < / 7 0 9 / 3 : 4 9 > < 8 2 A = / ? 1 : = / 7 / 0 = > < / = 7 8 ? 2 4 ; 0 ? A B 8 A A 2 /2 8 E / 2 8 < 4 4 A 4 9 < 0 = B 4 > > 6 = = 8 ? @ 3 4 G 0 = 3 8 > 6 2 0 = @ = 4 6 G 7 4 9 > < 8 2 A = / ? 8 ? 7 4 B /; < 4 7 / 7 0 9 / 3 : 8 7 A 8 = / > 3 2 : G < : 7 8 > 0 2 2 : 3 < = / 0 3 / ? / A I 7 6 > < 0 7 8 ? 7 8 3 6 0 3 8 4 ? 7B 0 : 9 0 2 2 8 ? 3 4 3 < 8 7 > 0 3 / @ 4 = : C f ? 3 < / 7 / > 4 6 ? 3 = 8 / 7 ; < 8 > < 3 / ? A 3 4 < 0 M /9 / ; / = = / 7 4 6 = > / 7 I 3 < / = / 8 7 0 2 7 4 2 / 7 7 2 8 E / 2 8 < 4 4 A 4 9 G = 4 9 / 7 7 8 4 ? 0 2 < / 2 GA 8 7 3 = / 7 7 / A g H 2 0 > < / = 3 : m T 4 ? 0 2 A I j k k ñ i C P < / / B G < 0 7 8 7 4 ? > < 8 2 A = / ? N 7= / 7 / 0 = > < > 4 ? 3 / V 3 g 8 ? 3 / = B 7 4 9 9 / 0 3 6 = / 7 4 9 3 < / 2 4 > 0 3 8 4 ? 0 ? A 7 / 3 3 8 ? @ i I 3 < /B / > < 0 ? 8 7 B 7 4 9 = / 7 / 0 = > < / 3 < 8 > 7 = / @ 6 2 0 3 8 4 ? 0 ? A = / M 8 / ; I 0 ? A 3 < / 7 4 > 8 4 O> 6 2 3 6 = 0 2 6 ? A / = 7 3 0 ? A 8 ? @ 7 7 6 = = 4 6 ? A 8 ? @ > 4 ? > / G 3 7 4 9 = 8 7 E I > < 8 2 A < 4 4 A0 ? A = / 7 / 0 = > < C P < / = / B 0 : 0 2 7 4 1 / 4 3 < / = > 6 2 3 6 = 0 2 0 7 G / > 3 7 > 4 ? 3 = 8 1 6 3 8 ? @7 6 = M / : I ; < 8 > < = / B 0 8 ? 6 ? / V 0 B 8 ? / A CY 7 < 0 = B 3 4 > < 8 2 A = / ? 3 < = 4 6 @ < G 0 = 3 8 > 8 G 0 3 8 4 ? 8 ? = / 7 / 0 = > < 8 7 4 9 G 0 = 3 8 > 6 2 0 => 4 ? > / = ? 8 ? / B / = @ / ? > : 7 / 3 3 8 ? @ 7 I 8 3 8 7 / 7 7 / ? 3 8 0 2 3 < 0 3 3 < / = / 7 / 0 = > < 3 / 0 B3 0 E / G = 4 G / = 0 > > 4 6 ? 3 4 9 0 ? : 8 B G 0 > 3 3 < / 7 8 3 6 0 3 8 4 ? < 0 7 4 ? / M / = : A 0 :G = 0 > 3 8 > 0 2 8 3 8 / 7 0 ? A 3 < / > 4 ? 7 / F 6 / ? 3 / 3 < 8 > 0 2 > < 0 2 2 / ? @ / 7 C P < 8 7 8 ? > 2 6 A / 73 < / = / 2 0 3 8 4 ? 7 < 8 G 1 / 3 ; / / ? = / 7 / 0 = > < 0 ? A 0 ? : 3 < / = 0 G / 6 3 8 > 8 ? 3 / = M / ? 3 8 4 ? 7 I0 7 = / 7 / 0 = > < B 0 : 0 > 3 3 4 / ? < 0 ? > / 4 = 8 ? < 8 1 8 3 7 6 > < 8 ? 3 / = M / ? 3 8 4 ? 7 C ò 3 < / == 8 7 E 7 B 0 : 8 ? > 2 6 A / = / G = 8 7 0 2 7 3 4 > < 8 2 A = / ? 0 ? A 3 < / 8 = 9 0 B 8 2 8 / 7 I 0 ? A 3 < /= 8 7 E 4 9 á Æ ù É á Â Ä Û Â É ¿ Å Â É ¿ Ù Ç C h / 7 / 0 = > < / = = / 7 G 4 ? 7 8 1 8 2 8 3 : 8 ? 0 7 7 / 7 7 8 ? @< 0 = B 0 ? A = 8 7 E 7 < 0 7 0 ? 0 A A / A A 8 B / ? 7 8 4 ? ; < / ? 3 < / > < 8 2 A = / ? 8 ? M 4 2 M / A0 = / 6 ? 0 > > 4 B G 0 ? 8 / A I 4 = G < 0 ? / A 4 = 7 / G 0 = 0 3 / A 9 = 4 B 9 0 B 8 2 : g � > < / ? E mD 8 2 2 8 0 B 7 4 ? j k k l i C P < / 6 7 6 0 2 = / F 6 8 = / B / ? 3 9 4 = â Â á Æ Ç É Â À ½ Ù Ç Å Æ Ç É 8 7> < 0 2 2 / ? @ / A 0 ? A B 8 ? 8 B 8 7 8 ? @ < 0 = B 1 : = / 9 / = = 0 2 3 4 7 6 G G 4 = 3 7 / = M 8 > / 7 B 0 :@ 6 8 A 0 ? > / 7 6 @ @ / 7 3 7 3 < 0 3 6 ? 0 > > 4 B G 0 ? 8 / A > < 8 2 A = / ? I 8 ? > 4 ? 3 / V 3 7 7 6 > < 0 7< 6 B 0 ? 8 3 0 = 8 0 ? / B / = @ / ? > 8 / 7 I 7 < 4 6 2 A 4 ? 2 : G 0 = 3 8 > 8 G 0 3 / 8 ? = / 7 / 0 = > < 8 9 8 3 8 7% ) $ ú ú � R û � * + ( ü & û ) ! ü � � !P < / / 3 < 8 > 0 2 0 G G = 4 0 > < 3 0 E / ? 1 : = / 7 / 0 = > < / = 7 = / @ 0 = A 8 ? @ < 0 = B

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6 ? A / = 7 3 0 ? A 8 ? @ 7 3 < / = / 7 / 0 = > < / = < 0 7 g 0 ? A 3 < 4 7 / 4 9 3 < / 8 ? 7 3 8 3 6 3 8 4 ? 7 J4 = @ 0 ? 8 × 0 3 8 4 ? 7 i 8 ? > 4 B 1 8 ? 0 3 8 4 ? ; 8 3 < ; 8 A / = = / 7 / 0 = > < I 7 4 > 8 4 O G 4 2 8 3 8 > 0 2 0 ? A> 6 2 3 6 = 0 2 > 4 ? 7 8 A / = 0 3 8 4 ? 7 C Ø 8 B 8 3 0 3 8 4 ? 7 0 ? A 7 3 = / ? @ 3 < 7 4 9 3 < / 7 / G 4 7 8 3 8 4 ? 7> < 8 2 A = / ? 8 ? M 4 2 M / A C; 8 A / 2 : = / > 4 @ ? 8 7 / A 0 7 4 ? / 4 9 3 < / 1 8 @ @ / 7 3 / 3 < 8 > 0 2 > < 0 2 2 / ? @ / 7 9 4 == / 7 / 0 = > < / = 7 7 / / E 8 ? @ 3 4 8 ? > 2 6 A / > < 8 2 A = / ? 8 ? = / 7 / 0 = > < g Y 2 A / = 7 4 ? Io Ì Ì l W n 0 : 0 2 2 I j k k k W n 4 = = 4 ; m h 8 > < 0 = A 7 I o Ì Ì ï W P < 4 B 0 7 m ò N ó 0 ? / Io Ì Ì ¼ i C � 4 > 8 4 O > 6 2 3 6 = 0 2 / V G / > 3 0 3 8 4 ? 7 8 ? B 4 7 3 > 4 ? 3 / V 3 7 9 0 M 4 6 = 3 < /= / 7 / 0 = > < / = 0 7 3 < / G 4 ; / = 9 6 2 0 A 6 2 3 0 ? A 3 < / > < 8 2 A 0 7 2 / 7 7 G 4 ; / = 9 6 2 I; 8 3 < / V G / > 3 0 3 8 4 ? 7 4 9 > 4 B G 2 8 0 ? > / ; 8 3 < 0 A 6 2 3 0 6 3 < 4 = 8 3 : C f ? 8 ? 3 / = M 8 / ;7 8 3 6 0 3 8 4 ? 7 4 = = / > / 8 M 8 ? @ 7 6 = M / : 8 ? 7 3 = 6 > 3 8 4 ? 7 9 = 4 B 0 ? 0 A 6 2 3 I > < 8 2 A = / ?B 0 : / 0 7 8 2 : 0 7 7 6 B / 3 < / 9 0 B 8 2 8 0 = 7 3 6 A / ? 3 = 4 2 / I ; < / = / 3 < / : 9 / / 2 3 < / :B 6 7 3 G / = 9 4 = B 8 ? 0 G 0 = 3 8 > 6 2 0 = ; 0 : I 1 / 4 ? 3 < / 8 = 1 / 7 3 1 / < 0 M 8 4 6 = I 0 ? AG = 4 M 8 A / 8 ? 9 4 = B 0 3 8 4 ? 3 < 0 3 3 < / 0 A 6 2 3 = / 7 / 0 = > < / = g G 4 7 8 3 8 4 ? / A 0 7 3 / 0 > < / = i; 0 ? 3 7 3 4 < / 0 = g � < / 2 0 ? m ó 8 ? 7 / 2 2 0 I j k o þ i CP < / G 4 ; / = A : ? 0 B 8 > 7 1 / 3 ; / / ? 0 A 6 2 3 7 0 ? A > < 8 2 A = / ? > 0 ? 1 / 9 6 = 3 < / =/ V 0 B G 2 / I 6 = 1 0 ? / A 6 > 0 3 / A = / 7 / 0 = > < / = 0 ? A = 6 = 0 2 : 4 6 ? @ G / 4 G 2 / Ch / 7 / 0 = > < / = 7 N / 3 < 8 > 0 2 0 ? A B / 3 < 4 A 4 2 4 @ 8 > 0 2 A / > 8 7 8 4 ? O B 0 E 8 ? @ = / 2 0 3 / A 3 4> 4 ? 3 = 8 1 6 3 / 3 4 3 < / B > = / 0 3 8 ? @ > 4 ? A 8 3 8 4 ? 7 ; < / = / > < 8 2 A = / ? < 0 M / 0 @ / ? > :0 ? A 7 < 0 = / G 4 ; / = 3 4 3 < / @ = / 0 3 / 7 3 / V 3 / ? 3 G 4 7 7 8 1 2 / g � 6 ? > < I j k k j i CB 8 ? 8 B 8 7 8 ? @ G 4 3 / ? 3 8 0 2 < 0 = B 3 4 > < 8 2 A = / ? 9 = 4 B = / 7 / 0 = > < 8 ? M 4 2 M / B / ? 30 ? A 7 < 4 = 3 O 0 ? A 2 4 ? @ / = O 3 / = B 4 6 3 > 4 B / 7 g Y 2 A / = 7 4 ? m n 4 = = 4 ; I j k o o i I; 8 3 < 3 / ? 7 8 4 ? 0 = 8 7 8 ? @ 1 / 3 ; / / ? 3 < / 6 ? A / = 2 : 8 ? @ / 3 < 8 > 0 2 > 4 ? 7 8 A / = 0 3 8 4 ? 7 Cf ? 7 4 B / 7 3 6 A 8 / 7 A 8 = / > 3 < 0 = B B 0 : ? 4 3 1 / 0 ? 3 8 > 8 G 0 3 / A I < 4 ; / M / = I 3 < / = /B 0 : 1 / 7 4 B / = 8 7 E 0 ? A J 4 = A 8 7 > 4 B 9 4 = 3 9 4 = G 0 = 3 8 > 8 G 0 ? 3 7 I ; < / 3 < / = 3 < /G = 4 5 / > 3 > 4 ? > / = ? 7 3 < / 3 / 7 3 8 ? @ 4 9 0 ? / ; A = 6 @ 4 = 8 ? 3 / = M 8 / ; 8 ? @ > < 8 2 A = / ?0 1 4 6 3 3 = 0 6 B 0 3 8 > / V G / = 8 / ? > / 7 g L C Z 4 7 7 < / 8 B I G / = 7 4 ? 0 2 > 4 B B 6 ? 8 > 0 3 8 4 ? I4 9 = / 7 / 0 = > < G 0 = 3 8 > 8 G 0 3 8 4 ? g Y 2 A / = 7 4 ? m n 4 = = 4 ; I j k o o i CY 1 / 7 3 O 4 6 3 > 4 B / 7 I > 4 ? 7 / F 6 / ? 3 8 0 2 8 7 3 0 G G = 4 0 > < > 0 ? 1 / 0 G G 2 8 / A 3 40 G G = 4 0 > < 0 > 3 8 4 ? 7 0 = / > 4 ? 7 8 A / = / A = 8 @ < 3 4 = ; = 4 ? @ A / G / ? A 8 ? @ 4 ?3 < / ? 0 3 6 = / 4 9 3 < / 8 = > 4 ? 7 / F 6 / ? > / 7 g ° 0 2 2 0 @ < / = I j k k Ì i C Y > > 4 = A 8 ? @ 2 : IA / > 8 7 8 4 ? 7 8 ? = / 7 / 0 = > < B 0 : 1 / @ 6 8 A / A 1 : ; < 0 3 0 = / 3 < / 1 / 7 3 / V G / > 3 / AB 4 = / 2 8 E / 2 : 3 4 4 > > 6 = I 3 < 0 ? 0 ? : G 4 7 7 8 1 2 / ? / @ 0 3 8 M / > 4 ? 7 / F 6 / ? > / 7 CP < 8 7 > 0 ? 1 / 8 ? 3 / = G = / 3 / A 0 7 3 < / = 8 @ < 3 0 > 3 8 4 ? 7 1 / 8 ? @ 3 < 4 7 / 3 < 0 3 = / 7 6 2 38 ? 3 < / @ = / 0 3 / 7 3 4 M / = 0 2 2 @ 4 4 A 9 4 = 3 < / @ = / 0 3 / 7 3 ? 6 B 1 / = 4 9 G / 4 G 2 / C Y ?0 A A 8 3 8 4 ? 0 2 9 0 > 3 4 = 8 ? 3 < / / F 6 0 3 8 4 ? 8 7 3 < / < 0 = B 3 < 0 3 B 0 : 4 > > 6 = 8 9 3 < /= / 7 / 0 = > < 8 7 ? 4 3 A 4 ? / CL 4 ; / M / = I 0 > < 0 2 2 / ? @ / 0 = 8 7 / 7 6 7 8 ? @ 3 < 8 7 0 G G = 4 0 > < 8 ? 3 < / G 4 3 / ? 3 8 0 2> 4 ? 7 / F 6 / ? > / 7 9 4 = 8 ? A 8 M 8 A 6 0 2 > < 8 2 A = / ? G 0 = 3 8 > 8 G 0 3 8 ? @ 8 ? 3 < / = / 7 / 0 = > < CZ = 4 B 0 = 8 @ < 3 7 O 1 0 7 / A G / = 7 G / > 3 8 M / I A = 0 ; 8 ? @ 4 ? 3 < / @ / ? / = 0 2 G = 8 ? > 8 G 2 / 7

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/ V G = / 7 7 / A 8 ? 3 < / ¯ » H h H 4 9 1 / 7 3 8 ? 3 / = / 7 3 7 4 9 3 < / > < 8 2 A g Y = 3 8 > 2 / þ C o i 0 ? AG = 4 3 / > 3 8 4 ? 9 = 4 B 0 2 2 9 4 = B 7 4 9 M 8 4 2 / ? > / g Y = 3 8 > 2 / o Ì i I = / 7 / 0 = > < / = 7 < 0 M / 0= / 7 G 4 ? 7 8 1 8 2 8 3 : 3 4 / ? 7 6 = / 3 < 0 3 ? 4 < 0 = B 8 7 A 4 ? / 3 4 8 ? A 8 M 8 A 6 0 2 > < 8 2 A = / ?G 0 = 3 8 > 8 G 0 3 8 ? @ 8 ? 3 < / = / 7 / 0 = > < I 0 7 ; / 2 2 0 7 0 3 3 / ? A 8 ? @ 3 4 3 < / 2 4 ? @ O 3 / = B0 ? A J 4 = 2 0 = @ / = @ 4 4 A 9 4 = > < 8 2 A = / ? 0 7 7 4 > 8 0 2 @ = 4 6 G 7 CY 9 6 = 3 < / = > < 0 2 2 / ? @ / 3 4 0 G G 2 : 8 ? @ 3 < / 1 / 7 3 O 4 6 3 > 4 B / 7 0 G G = 4 0 > < 2 8 / 7 8 ?3 < / = / 0 2 8 3 : 3 < 0 3 3 < / = / B 0 : 1 / 7 / M / = 0 2 4 6 3 > 4 B / 7 3 4 0 ? 0 > 3 8 4 ? I ; < 8 > <8 ? > 2 6 A / 1 4 3 < G 4 7 8 3 8 M / 0 ? A ? / @ 0 3 8 M / > 4 ? 7 / F 6 / ? > / 7 9 4 = 3 < / 8 ? A 8 M 8 A 6 0 2> < 8 2 A C Z 4 = / V 0 B G 2 / I 3 < / B / 0 ? 7 6 3 8 2 8 7 / A 3 4 0 > < 8 / M / 0 ? 4 6 3 > 4 B / I 7 6 > <> < 8 2 A I ; < 8 2 / 3 < / 9 6 3 6 = / 8 ? 3 / ? A / A 4 6 3 > 4 B / I 7 6 > < 0 7 0 > > / 7 7 3 4 0 7 / = M 8 > /4 = < / 8 @ < 3 / ? / A 0 3 3 / ? 3 8 4 ? 3 4 0 7 / M / = / 7 4 > 8 0 2 G = 4 1 2 / B I > 4 6 2 A 1 / A / / B / AG 4 7 8 3 8 M / C D < / ? 3 < / 9 4 > 6 7 8 7 4 ? = / 7 / 0 = > < 4 6 3 > 4 B / 7 I 3 < 8 7 > 0 ? B 0 7 E 3 < /G 4 3 / ? 3 8 0 2 9 4 = B 4 = / > 4 B G 2 8 > 0 3 / A 0 ? A < / 3 / = 4 @ / ? / 4 6 7 > 4 ? 7 / F 6 / ? > / 7= / 2 0 3 / A 3 4 3 < / 3 4 4 2 7 0 ? A G = 4 > / 7 7 / 7 4 9 A 0 3 0 > 4 2 2 / > 3 8 4 ? C P < 8 7 7 3 = 4 ? @ 2 :7 6 @ @ / 7 3 7 0 ? / / A 9 4 = 3 < / B / 0 ? 7 4 9 3 < / = / 7 / 0 = > < I 3 < 0 3 8 7 I 3 < / = / 7 / 0 = > <G = 4 > / 7 7 I 3 4 1 / 3 < / E / : 0 7 G / > 3 6 ? A / = 7 > = 6 3 8 ? : C P < 8 7 3 4 G 8 > 8 7 0 A A = / 7 7 / A8 ? n 0 = : H 0 3 < / = 8 ? / n 0 3 / = ? 4 ; 7 E 0 N 7 > 0 7 / 7 3 6 A : 4 9 0 7 6 = M / : 4 ? M 8 4 2 / ? > /0 @ 0 8 ? 7 3 > < 8 2 A = / ? I 6 ? A / = 3 0 E / ? ; 8 3 < G 0 = 3 8 > 8 G 0 ? 3 7 0 @ / A o þ 3 4 o ñ : / 0 = 7 C� � � � � � � � � ­ � � � � � � £ � � ª � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � £ � � � � � � �� � � � � � £ � � � � � � � � ÿ � � � � £ � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �� � £ � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � £ � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � Ñ Ó � � � � � � � � ¤ ¨ � � � � � � � � � � � � � �� � � � � � � ª � § � « � � � � � � � © � � � � � � � � � � � � ¬ � Õ ô ® ¬f ? A 8 M 8 A 6 0 2 > < 8 2 A = / ? B 0 : 1 / 1 / 7 3 G 2 0 > / A 3 4 0 7 7 / 7 7 0 ? : = 8 7 E 7 3 43 < / B 7 / 2 M / 7 I ; < 8 > < 8 7 4 ? / 4 9 3 < / = / 0 7 4 ? 7 ; < : 8 ? 9 4 = B / A > 4 ? 7 / ? 38 7 7 4 8 B G 4 = 3 0 ? 3 g Ø 0 ; 7 m n 0 ? ? I j k k p i C L 4 ; / M / = I = / 7 / 0 = > < / = 7 0 = /2 8 E / 2 : 3 4 < 0 M / 0 @ = / 0 3 / = 0 G G = / > 8 0 3 8 4 ? 4 9 3 < / G 4 3 / ? 3 8 0 2 ; 8 A / = 0 ? A2 4 ? @ O 3 / = B 8 B G 2 8 > 0 3 8 4 ? 7 4 9 = / 7 / 0 = > < G 0 = 3 8 > 8 G 0 3 8 4 ? I 0 ? A 3 < / = / 9 4 = /8 ? > = / 0 7 / A = / 7 G 4 ? 7 8 1 8 2 8 3 : 3 4 0 7 7 / 7 7 = 8 7 E 7 G 4 7 / A 3 4 > < 8 2 A = / ? 3 < = 4 6 @ <3 < / 8 = 8 ? M 4 2 M / B / ? 3 8 ? = / 7 / 0 = > < C � / / E 8 ? @ 2 4 > 0 2 4 = 7 G / > 8 0 2 8 7 / A 0 A M 8 > / 8 78 B G 4 = 3 0 ? 3 9 4 = = / 7 / 0 = > < / = 7 I ; < / ? 3 < / : 0 = / 8 ? > 6 2 3 6 = 0 2 > 4 ? 3 / V 3 7 4 3 < / =3 < 0 ? 3 < / 8 = 4 ; ? 4 = ; 4 = E 8 ? @ ; 8 3 < G 0 = 3 8 > 6 2 0 = @ = 4 6 G 7 4 9 > < 8 2 A = / ? I 8 ? 4 = A / =3 4 < 0 M / 0 1 / 3 3 / = 6 ? A / = 7 3 0 ? A 8 ? @ 4 9 3 < / G 4 3 / ? 3 8 0 2 = 8 7 E 7 C h / 7 / 0 = > < / == / 7 G 4 ? 7 8 1 8 2 8 3 : 8 7 9 6 = 3 < / = / B G < 0 7 8 7 / A ; < / ? 3 < / > < 8 2 A = / ? 8 ? M 4 2 M / A 0 = /G 0 = 3 8 > 6 2 0 = 2 : M 6 2 ? / = 0 1 2 / I 7 6 > < 0 7 > < 8 2 A = / ? 7 / G 0 = 0 3 / A 9 = 4 B 9 0 B 8 2 : 8 ?/ B / = @ / ? > : 0 ? A 3 = 0 ? 7 8 3 8 4 ? 7 / 3 3 8 ? @ 7 Ch / 7 / 0 = > < / = 7 0 = / = / 7 G 4 ? 7 8 1 2 / 9 4 = G = 4 3 / > 3 8 ? @ = / 7 / 0 = > < G 0 = 3 8 > 8 G 0 ? 3 79 = 4 B 0 ? : G < : 7 8 > 0 2 I / B 4 3 8 4 ? 0 2 4 = 7 4 > 8 0 2 < 0 = B 3 < 0 3 B 8 @ < 3 = / 7 6 2 3 9 = 4 B3 < / = / 7 / 0 = > < g K ? ? / ; m � 2 0 3 / 0 6 I j k k p W Ø 0 ; 7 m n 0 ? ? I j k k p i 0 ? AB 6 7 3 A 4 / M / = : 3 < 8 ? @ G 4 7 7 8 1 2 / 3 4 0 ? 3 8 > 8 G 0 3 / 0 ? : G 4 3 / ? 3 8 0 2 0 A M / = 7 /> 4 ? 7 / F 6 / ? > / 7 C P < / B 8 ? 8 B 8 7 0 3 8 4 ? 0 ? A I 8 ? 7 4 B / 8 ? 7 3 0 ? > / 7 I / 2 8 B 8 ? 0 3 8 4 ?= 8 7 E 7 4 9 < 0 = B I A 8 7 3 = / 7 7 4 = A 8 7 > 4 B 9 4 = 3 I 8 ? > 2 6 A 8 ? @ 8 ? > 4 = G 4 = 0 3 8 ? @G = 0 > 3 8 > 0 2 B / 0 7 6 = / 7 C Z 4 = / V 0 B G 2 / I > / = 3 0 8 ? @ / 4 @ = 0 G < 8 > 0 2 2 4 > 0 3 8 4 ? 7 4 =G / 0 > / O 1 6 8 2 A 8 ? @ 0 = / 4 > > 6 = = 8 ? @ I 3 < 8 7 B 8 @ < 3 8 ? > 2 6 A / = / 7 / 0 = > < / = 7 / ? 7 6 = 8 ? @3 < 0 3 > < 8 2 A = / ? A 4 ? 4 3 3 = 0 M / 2 0 2 4 ? / I 2 0 3 / 0 3 ? 8 @ < 3 4 = 8 ? 6 ? 7 0 9 / 0 = / 0 7 ; < / = /3 < / = / 0 = / 2 0 ? A B 8 ? / 7 4 = 4 3 < / = A 0 ? @ / = 7 g Z / 8 ? 7 3 / 8 ? m ò N ó 0 ? / I j k k ¼ i Cµ � s u y t ~ ¶ t u v w x y s u y t z {} z | � z y y } s x � y r s yx ~ y } s w | x � s � y z { { x � r| s r s z | � } s | r y x � z ² ss ~ ~ x | y r z u � t u � x | w x | z y s� s z r � | s r y x � t u t � t r sx | s { t � t u z y s t y �

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ò 3 < / = 0 = / 0 7 9 4 = > 4 ? 7 8 A / = 0 3 8 4 ? 8 ? > 2 6 A / 3 < 4 7 / 8 ? ; < 8 > < 3 < / G 4 3 / ? 3 8 0 23 < / B 6 2 3 8 G 2 / G 4 7 7 8 1 8 2 8 3 8 / 7 = / F 6 8 = / 7 E ? 4 ; 2 / A @ / 4 9 3 < / 2 4 > 0 2 > 4 ? 3 / V 38 ? = / 2 0 3 8 4 ? 3 4 3 < / = / 7 / 0 = > < G = 4 > / 7 7 0 ? A J 4 = 3 4 G 8 > C P < / = / B 0 : 1 /> 4 ? 7 / F 6 / ? > / 7 9 4 = > < 8 2 A = / ? ; < / ? 3 < / : 0 = / 8 ? M 4 2 M / A 8 ? = / 7 / 0 = > <; < 8 > < 8 7 > 4 ? 7 > 8 4 6 7 ? / 7 7 O = 0 8 7 8 ? @ C � 6 > < > 4 ? 7 / F 6 / ? > / 7 B 0 : 4 > > 6 = I 9 4 =/ V 0 B G 2 / I ; < / = / 3 < / = / 7 / 0 = > < = 0 8 7 / 7 0 ; 0 = / ? / 7 7 4 9 2 0 1 4 6 = = 8 @ < 3 79 4 = > < 8 2 A = / ? 8 ? 7 8 3 6 0 3 8 4 ? 7 ; < / = / 3 < / > < 8 2 A N 7 / B G 2 4 : B / ? 3 8 7 0 > = 8 3 8 > 0 27 4 6 = > / 4 9 7 6 7 3 / ? 0 ? > / 9 4 = 3 < / 9 0 B 8 2 : C f ? 0 ? 4 3 < / = / V 0 B G 2 / I 3 < / = / B 0 :1 / 4 G G 4 = 3 6 ? 8 3 : > 4 7 3 7 8 9 > < 8 2 A = / ? 0 = / = / B 4 M / A 9 = 4 B > 2 0 7 7 3 4 1 / 8 ? M 4 2 M / A8 ? 7 > < 4 4 2 O 1 0 7 / A = / 7 / 0 = > < CY 7 ; / 2 2 0 7 E ? 4 ; 2 / A @ / 4 9 3 < / 2 4 > 0 2 > 4 ? 3 / V 3 I 8 3 8 7 > = 8 3 8 > 0 2 2 : 8 B G 4 = 3 0 ? 3 3 < 0 3= / 7 / 0 = > < / = 7 0 = / E ? 4 ; 2 / A @ / 0 1 2 / 8 ? = / 2 0 3 8 4 ? 3 4 3 < / > < 0 = 0 > 3 / = 8 7 3 8 > 7 4 93 < / 7 0 B G 2 / G 4 G 6 2 0 3 8 4 ? ; 8 3 < ; < 4 B 3 < / : 0 = / > 4 ? A 6 > 3 8 ? @ 3 < / = / 7 / 0 = > < CZ 4 = / V 0 B G 2 / I 8 9 > < 8 2 A = / ? 9 = 4 B B 8 ? 4 = 8 3 : @ = 4 6 G 7 0 = / 8 ? M 4 2 M / A 8 ? 3 < /= / 7 / 0 = > < 3 < / ? = / 7 / 0 = > < / = 7 g A / G / ? A 8 ? @ 4 ? 3 < / 8 = 4 ; ? 0 7 7 4 > 8 0 3 8 4 ? 7 iB 0 : ? / / A 3 4 > 4 ? 7 6 2 3 0 G G = 4 G = 8 0 3 / 2 : ; 8 3 < 8 ? 3 < 4 7 / > 4 B B 6 ? 8 3 8 / 7 8 ?4 = A / = 3 4 8 A / ? 3 8 9 : G 4 3 / ? 3 8 0 2 < 0 = B 7 4 = 0 A M / = 7 / > 4 ? 7 / F 6 / ? > / 7 C � 8 B 8 2 0 = 2 : I8 9 3 < / = / 7 / 0 = > < 8 ? M 4 2 M / 7 > < 8 2 A = / ? ; 8 3 < G 0 = 3 8 > 6 2 0 = A 8 7 0 1 8 2 8 3 8 / 7 8 3 ; 4 6 2 A1 / / 7 7 / ? 3 8 0 2 3 4 8 A / ? 3 8 9 : G 4 3 / ? 3 8 0 2 < 0 = B 7 3 4 / ? 7 6 = / > < 8 2 A = / ? N 7 / F 6 8 3 0 1 2 /< / 2 G G = / M / ? 3 4 = B 8 3 8 @ 0 3 / A 0 B 0 @ 8 ? @ 9 4 2 2 4 ; O 4 ? > 4 ? 7 / F 6 / ? > / 7 0 ? A/ ? 7 6 = / 3 < 0 3 = / 7 / 0 = > < / = 7 < 0 M / 8 ? 9 4 = B 0 3 8 4 ? 4 = = / 9 / = = 0 2 7 4 6 = > / 7 4 ?< 0 ? A 8 9 = / F 6 8 = / A Ch / 7 / 0 = > < B / 3 < 4 A 7 > 0 ? > 4 ? 3 = 8 1 6 3 / 3 4 B 8 ? 8 B 8 7 8 ? @ 4 = / V 0 > / = 1 0 3 8 ? @< 0 = B C f ? 4 = A / = 3 4 A 4 ? 4 < 0 = B 8 3 8 7 M 8 3 0 2 3 < 0 3 3 < / = / 7 / 0 = > < B / 3 < 4 A 73 4 / ? 7 6 = / 3 < 0 3 > < 8 2 A = / ? N 7 M 8 / ; 7 0 = / 0 > > 6 = 0 3 / 2 : = / G 4 = 3 / A C f 3 > 0 ? 1 /0 = @ 6 / A 3 < 0 3 6 ? 7 4 6 ? A A / 7 8 @ ? 7 4 = 8 ? 0 A / F 6 0 3 / 7 0 B G 2 8 ? @ B / 3 < 4 A 7 0 = /7 0 3 8 7 9 0 > 3 4 = : = / 7 6 2 3 7 4 = 1 / > 0 6 7 / 3 < / : B 0 : 6 ? 8 ? 3 / ? 3 8 4 ? 0 2 2 : 2 / 0 A 3 4 3 < // V > 2 6 7 8 4 ? 4 9 @ = 4 6 G 7 4 9 > < 8 2 A = / ? C h / 2 8 0 1 2 / B / 3 < 4 A 7 8 ? > 2 6 A / 3 < / 6 7 /4 9 7 / M / = 0 2 ; / 2 2 O M 0 2 8 A 0 3 / A = / 7 / 0 = > < 3 4 4 2 7 3 < 0 3 < 0 M / 1 / / ? 0 A 0 G 3 / A 3 4B 0 3 > < 3 < / > 0 G 0 > 8 3 8 / 7 4 9 3 < / > < 8 2 A = / ? 8 ? M 4 2 M / A 0 7 ; / 2 2 0 7 3 < / 8 7 7 6 / 71 / 8 ? @ = / 7 / 0 = > < / A W 0 3 2 / 0 7 3 3 ; 4 7 3 / G 7 8 ? A 0 3 0 > 4 2 2 / > 3 8 4 ? ; 8 3 < 0 A 5 6 7 3 B / ? 34 9 3 < / 3 4 4 2 7 0 ? A J 4 = 3 < / = / 7 / 0 = > < G 2 0 ? 7 8 ? 1 / 3 ; / / ? W 0 ? A 3 = 8 0 ? @ 6 2 0 3 8 4 ? CØ 0 = @ / 7 > 0 2 / 7 6 = M / : 7 I / 7 G / > 8 0 2 2 : ; < / ? > < 8 2 A = / ? 0 = / ? 4 3 8 ? M 4 2 M / A 8 ?3 < / A / M / 2 4 G B / ? 3 4 9 3 < / 7 6 = M / : F 6 / 7 3 8 4 ? ? 0 8 = / I 0 ? A B / 3 < 4 A 7 7 6 > <0 7 A 8 = / > 3 8 ? 3 / = M 8 / ; 7 0 ? A 9 4 > 6 7 @ = 4 6 G A 8 7 > 6 7 7 8 4 ? 7 I B 0 : ? 4 3 1 / 3 4 4 2 73 < 0 3 0 = / 3 < / B 4 7 3 0 A / F 6 0 3 / 4 = 0 G G = 4 G = 8 0 3 / 8 ? = / 7 / 0 = > < ; 8 3 < : 4 6 ? @> < 8 2 A = / ? CZ 4 = / V 0 B G 2 / I 8 ? 1 8 4 B / A 8 > 0 2 = / 7 / 0 = > < I 8 3 B 0 : 1 / ? / > / 7 7 0 = : 3 4 A / M / 2 4 GB / A 8 > 8 ? / 7 3 < 0 3 0 = / 3 = 8 0 2 2 / A 4 ? > < 8 2 A 7 0 B G 2 / 7 I 0 7 / V 3 = 0 G 4 2 0 3 8 ? @ 0 A 6 2 33 4 F 6 0 ? 3 8 9 : 3 < / = 8 7 E 9 4 = G 0 = 3 8 > 8 G 0 3 8 ? @ > < 8 2 A = / ? 0 ? A > 4 ? 7 8 A / = 3 < / 7 / 8 ?@ / ? / = 0 2 2 : C f 9 3 < / ? 0 3 6 = / 4 9 = 8 7 E 7 8 7 6 ? 0 1 2 / 3 4 1 / G = / A 8 > 3 / A = / 2 8 0 1 2 : I3 < / ? G = 4 M 8 A 8 ? @ 0 > > 6 = 0 3 / 8 ? 9 4 = B 0 3 8 4 ? 3 4 > < 8 2 A = / ? 0 ? A 3 < / 8 = > 0 = / @ 8 M / = 73 4 / ? 0 1 2 / 8 ? 9 4 = B / A > 4 ? 7 / ? 3 9 4 = > 2 8 ? 8 > 0 2 3 = 8 0 2 7 1 / > 4 B / 7 0 ? / 7 7 / ? 3 8 0 2/ 3 < 8 > 0 2 > < 0 2 2 / ? @ / CY = / 7 / 0 = > < 7 8 3 6 0 3 8 4 ? 8 ? ; < 8 > < 8 3 8 7 > < 0 2 2 / ? @ 8 ? @ 3 4 G = / A 8 > 3 3 < / = 8 7 E 7 0 ? A2 8 E / 2 : 4 6 3 > 4 B / 7 8 7 4 ? / 8 ? ; < 8 > < 3 < / = / 8 7 0 G 4 7 7 8 1 8 2 8 3 : 3 < 0 3 8 ? A 8 > 0 3 8 4 ? 74 9 G = / M 8 4 6 7 2 : 6 ? A / 3 / > 3 / A > 4 ? A 8 3 8 4 ? 7 4 = 0 1 ? 4 = B 0 2 8 3 8 / 7 B 0 : 1 /A 8 7 > 4 M / = / A 8 ? > 8 A / ? 3 0 2 2 : A 6 = 8 ? @ 3 < / = / 7 / 0 = > < G = 4 > / 7 7 C P < / = / M / 2 0 3 8 4 ?4 9 7 6 > < > < 0 ? > / 7 0 ? A > 4 ? 7 / F 6 / ? > / 7 ; 4 6 2 A > 0 6 7 / 0 A A / A > 4 ? > / = ? 3 43 < / > < 8 2 A 0 ? A 3 < / G 0 = / ? 3 7 I 0 ? A 3 < / = / 9 4 = / = / F 6 8 = / 7 @ = / 0 3 7 / ? 7 8 3 8 M 8 3 : C

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Y ? 6 B 1 / = 4 9 = 8 7 E O = / 2 0 3 / A 8 7 7 6 / 7 = 0 8 7 / A 8 ? 7 6 > < 7 8 3 6 0 3 8 4 ? 7 I = / F 6 8 = 8 ? @7 / ? 7 8 3 8 M / > 4 ? 7 8 A / = 0 3 8 4 ? I 0 = / A 8 7 > 6 7 7 / A 8 ? 3 < / > 0 7 / 7 3 6 A : 1 : � / 1 0 7 3 8 0 ?Ø 8 G 8 ? 0 C� � � � � � � � ¤ ¨ � © � ¨ � � � � � � æ � � � � � « � � � � � � � © � � � � � � � � � � �� ¬ � Õ º ® ¬P < / 6 7 / 4 9 ? / ; 3 / > < ? 4 2 4 @ 8 / 7 8 ? = / 7 / 0 = > < I 7 6 > < 0 7 3 < / 8 ? 3 / = ? / 3 I0 A A 7 0 ? 4 3 < / = A 8 B / ? 7 8 4 ? 3 4 > 4 ? > / G 3 6 0 2 8 7 8 ? @ 0 ? A B 8 ? 8 B 8 7 8 ? @ < 0 = B CH < 8 2 A = / ? B 0 : < 0 M / 6 ? = / 0 2 8 7 3 8 > / V G / > 3 0 3 8 4 ? 7 4 9 G = 8 M 0 > : I 8 ? A 8 M 8 A 6 0 28 ? 9 4 = B 0 3 8 4 ? B 0 : 1 / B 4 = / = / 0 A 8 2 : 0 > > / 7 7 8 1 2 / I G 0 = 3 8 > 8 G 0 ? 3 7 > 0 ? G = 4 M 8 A /9 0 2 7 / A / 3 0 8 2 7 4 = B 0 8 ? 3 0 8 ? 9 0 E / 8 A / ? 3 8 3 8 / 7 g A 8 7 @ 6 8 7 8 ? @ 0 A 6 2 3 M 4 : / 6 = 8 7 3 8 >4 = < 0 = B 9 6 2 8 ? 3 / ? 3 i 0 ? A 3 < / A 8 7 3 8 ? > 3 8 4 ? 1 / 3 ; / / ? G 6 1 2 8 > 0 ? A G = 8 M 0 3 /A 4 B 0 8 ? 7 8 7 1 2 6 = = / A g Y 2 A / = 7 4 ? m n 4 = = 4 ; I j k o o W Ø 4 1 / I Ø 8 M 8 ? @ 7 3 4 ? / mL 0 A A 4 ? I j k k ñ i C H / = 3 0 8 ? 7 0 9 / 3 : 9 / 0 3 6 = / 7 I 0 7 6 7 / A 4 ? ; / 1 7 8 3 / 7 I > 0 ? 1 /1 6 8 2 3 8 ? 3 4 8 ? 3 / = ? / 3 O 1 0 7 / A 7 3 6 A 8 / 7 C L 4 ; / M / = I 8 3 8 7 / 7 7 / ? 3 8 0 2 3 < 0 3 3 < / 7 /0 = / 0 G G = 4 G = 8 0 3 / 3 4 > < 8 2 A = / ? N 7 / M 4 2 M 8 ? @ > 0 G 0 > 8 3 8 / 7 0 ? A J 4 = 3 < 0 3 7 6 > <1 6 8 2 3 8 ? 7 0 9 / 3 : 9 / 0 3 6 = / 7 0 = / / ? 0 1 2 / A 1 : A / 9 0 6 2 3 0 7 / M 8 A / ? > / 7 < 4 ; 7 3 < 0 3> < 8 2 A = / ? 7 3 = 6 @ @ 2 / ; 8 3 < 6 7 / = 3 4 4 2 7 I 7 0 9 / 3 : A / M 8 > / 7 I G = 8 M 0 > : 7 / 3 3 8 ? @ 7 0 ? A= / G 4 = 3 8 ? @ B / > < 0 ? 8 7 B 7 g ò N » / 8 2 2 I Ø 8 M 8 ? @ 7 3 4 ? / m n > Ø 0 6 @ < 2 8 ? I j k o o i C f ?0 A A 8 3 8 4 ? I ? / ; B 4 A / 7 4 9 0 > > / 7 7 3 4 3 < / 8 ? 3 / = ? / 3 0 = / 8 ? > = / 0 7 8 ? @ 2 : B 4 1 8 2 / I; 8 3 < > < 8 2 A = / ? @ 4 8 ? @ 4 ? 2 8 ? / M 8 0 3 < / 8 = 4 ; ? 2 0 G 3 4 G I B 4 1 8 2 / G < 4 ? / I 8 G 4 A I8 G 0 A 4 = < 0 ? A < / 2 A A / M 8 > / I 0 ? A 3 < 6 7 2 / 7 7 4 G / ? 3 4 0 A 6 2 3 7 6 G / = M 8 7 8 4 ? CD < 8 2 / 3 < 8 7 B 0 : > 4 ? 3 = 8 1 6 3 / 3 4 > < 8 2 A = / ? N 7 G = 8 M 0 > : 9 = 4 B G 0 = / ? 3 7 4 = 4 3 < / = 78 ? 3 < / / ? M 8 = 4 ? B / ? 3 A 6 = 8 ? @ = / 7 / 0 = > < G 0 = 3 8 > 8 G 0 3 8 4 ? I 8 3 0 2 7 4 6 ? A / = 7 > 4 = / 73 < / ? / / A 9 4 = > < 8 2 A = / ? 3 4 1 / 0 ; 0 = / 0 ? A / B G 4 ; / = / A ; 8 3 < = / @ 0 = A 3 48 ? 3 / = ? / 3 7 0 9 / 3 : = 8 7 E 7 g ò N » / 8 2 2 / 3 0 2 C I j k o o i Cf ? 0 A A 8 3 8 4 ? 3 4 3 < / 8 B G 4 = 3 0 ? > / 4 9 8 A / ? 3 8 9 : 8 ? @ G 4 3 / ? 3 8 0 2 < 0 = B I 3 4 0 8 A= / 7 4 6 = > / 0 7 G / > 3 7 4 9 = / 7 / 0 = > < 8 ? 8 3 8 0 3 8 M / 7 C f 3 8 7 0 1 7 4 2 6 3 / 2 : > = 8 3 8 > 0 23 < 0 3 / 3 < 8 > 0 2 > 4 ? 7 8 A / = 0 3 8 4 ? 7 0 = / 3 0 E / ? 8 ? 3 4 0 > > 4 6 ? 3 8 ? 3 < / G 2 0 ? ? 8 ? @7 3 0 @ / 4 9 = / 7 / 0 = > < I 8 3 / B 8 7 / A 8 ? 3 < / G = 4 5 / > 3 1 6 A @ / 3 0 ? A 9 0 > 3 4 = / A8 ? 3 4 3 < / 3 8 B / 2 8 ? / I 8 ? 4 = A / = 9 4 = / 3 < 8 > 0 2 G = 8 ? > 8 G 2 / 7 0 ? A G = 0 > 3 8 > / 7 3 4 1 /8 B G 2 / B / ? 3 / A 3 < = 4 6 @ < 4 6 3 / 0 > < G < 0 7 / CY ? : = / 7 / 0 = > < 8 ? M 4 2 M 8 ? @ > < 8 2 A = / ? B 0 : 8 ? > 6 = A 8 7 3 = / 7 7 0 ? A = / 7 / 0 = > < / = 7? / / A 3 4 1 / G = / G 0 = / A 9 4 = 3 < 8 7 C f 3 8 7 / 7 G / > 8 0 2 2 : 2 8 E / 2 : 3 4 1 / 0 ? 8 7 7 6 / ; < / ?3 < / = / 7 / 0 = > < 3 4 G 8 > B 0 : 1 / 6 G 7 / 3 3 8 ? @ 9 4 = > < 8 2 A = / ? I G / = < 0 G 7 1 / > 0 6 7 / 8 38 7 0 = / B 8 ? A / = 4 9 G 0 8 ? 9 6 2 / V G / = 8 / ? > / 7 I 4 = ; < / ? > < 8 2 A = / ? 0 = / G 0 = 3 8 > 6 2 0 = 2 :M 6 2 ? / = 0 1 2 / C P < 8 7 B 0 : 4 > > 6 = I 9 4 = / V 0 B G 2 / I ; < / ? > < 8 2 A = / ? < 0 M / 1 / / ?0 1 6 7 / A I B 0 2 3 = / 0 3 / A I 4 = 0 = / 7 / G 0 = 0 3 / A 9 = 4 B 3 < / 8 = G 0 = / ? 3 7 0 7 0> 4 ? 7 / F 6 / ? > / 4 9 < 6 B 0 ? 8 3 0 = 8 0 ? / B / = @ / ? > 8 / 7 4 = A / 0 3 < C Y 9 6 ? A 0 B / ? 3 0 2> 4 ? > / = ? 8 ? = / 7 / 0 = > < 8 ? M 4 2 M 8 ? @ > < 8 2 A = / ? ; < 4 < 0 M / 1 / / ? 0 1 6 7 / A 4 =B 0 2 3 = / 0 3 / A 8 7 ; < / 3 < / = 3 < / : B 8 @ < 3 1 / 7 / = 8 4 6 7 2 : A 8 7 3 6 = 1 / A I 4 = / M / ? = / O3 = 0 6 B 0 3 8 7 / A I 1 : 3 < / = / 7 / 0 = > < G = 4 > / 7 7 C f ? 7 6 > < 7 3 6 A 8 / 7 = / 7 / 0 = > < / = 7> < 8 2 A = / ? N 7 G = 4 3 / > 3 8 4 ? 0 ? A > 0 = / I 7 6 > < 0 7 / ? 7 6 = 8 ? @ 3 < / > < 8 2 A < 0 7 3 < /7 6 G G 4 = 3 4 9 3 < / G = 8 B 0 = : > 0 = / = I 6 7 8 ? @ 0 > < 8 2 A O > / ? 3 = / A B / 3 < 4 A 4 2 4 @ 8 > 0 20 G G = 4 0 > < g n 6 A 0 2 : m ° 4 A A 0 = A I j k k Ì i 0 ? A 8 ? > 4 = G 4 = 0 3 8 ? @ > < 8 2 A O 9 = 8 / ? A 2 := / > = 6 8 3 8 ? @ > < 8 2 A = / ? ; < 4 < 0 M / < 0 A G = 8 4 = 0 > > / 7 7 3 4 3 < / = 0 G / 6 3 8 > 7 3 6 A 8 / 7 I; < 8 > < B 0 : 0 2 7 4 1 / 0 G = 4 3 / > 3 8 M / 9 0 > 3 4 = 9 4 = > < 8 2 A = / ? C

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f ? 0 A A 8 3 8 4 ? 3 4 7 / ? 7 8 3 8 M / 3 4 G 8 > 7 4 = 7 8 3 6 0 3 8 4 ? 7 4 1 M 8 4 6 7 2 : B 4 = / 2 8 E / 2 : 3 4> 0 6 7 / 6 G 7 / 3 I = / 7 / 0 = > < / = 7 ; 8 2 2 ? 4 3 0 2 ; 0 : 7 1 / 0 ; 0 = / 4 9 3 4 G 8 > 7 3 < 0 3 B 0 :1 / A 8 7 3 = / 7 7 8 ? @ 9 4 = 8 ? A 8 M 8 A 6 0 2 > < 8 2 A G 0 = 3 8 > 8 G 0 ? 3 7 C � / / B 8 ? @ 2 : 8 ? ? 4 > 6 4 6 7F 6 / 7 3 8 4 ? 7 4 = 7 8 3 6 0 3 8 4 ? 7 B 0 : 3 = 8 @ @ / = 7 3 = 4 ? @ 0 ? A 6 ? / V G / > 3 / A = / 0 > 3 8 4 ? 7 CA 8 7 > 2 4 7 8 ? @ 3 4 4 B 6 > < C f 3 8 7 3 < / = / 9 4 = / 8 B G 4 = 3 0 ? 3 3 < 0 3 = / 7 / 0 = > < / = 7 E ? 4 ;< 4 ; 3 4 = / 7 G 4 ? A 0 G G = 4 G = 8 0 3 / 2 : 8 ? 3 < / 9 0 > / 4 9 > < 8 2 A = / ? N 7 0 ? V 8 / 3 : 4 =A 8 7 3 = / 7 7 C h / 7 / 0 = > < / = 7 7 < 4 6 2 A 1 / G = / G 0 = / A 8 ? 0 A M 0 ? > / 9 4 = 3 < / E 8 ? A 4 9< 0 = B 9 = 4 B A 8 7 > 4 B 9 4 = 3 0 ? A J 4 = = / 7 / 0 = > < O / ? @ / ? A / = / A A 8 7 3 = / 7 7 Có / : > 4 ? 7 8 A / = 0 3 8 4 ? 7 8 ? A / > 8 A 8 ? @ 0 1 4 6 3 = / 7 / 0 = > < 0 > 3 8 M 8 3 : 8 ? 3 < / 2 8 @ < 34 9 = 8 7 E 0 ? A < 0 = B 0 7 7 / 7 7 B / ? 3 B 8 @ < 3 8 ? > 2 6 A / U 3 < / / V G / = 3 8 7 / 0 ? A 7 E 8 2 24 9 3 < / = / 7 / 0 = > < / = 0 ? A B / B 1 / = 7 4 9 3 < / = / 7 / 0 = > < 3 / 0 B W 3 < / 2 / M / 2 4 97 6 G / = M 8 7 8 4 ? 0 ? A 7 6 G G 4 = 3 = / F 6 8 = / A 9 = 4 B 7 / ? 8 4 = = / 7 / 0 = > < / = 7 0 ? A/ V G / = 3 7 8 ? 3 < / = / 2 / M 0 ? 3 0 = / 0 W 0 ? A 3 < / 0 M 0 8 2 0 1 8 2 8 3 : 4 9 9 4 2 2 4 ; O 6 G 7 6 G G 4 = 39 4 = > < 8 2 A = / ? C H 4 ? 7 8 A / = 0 3 8 4 ? 7 8 ? = / 2 0 3 8 4 ? 3 4 A / 0 2 8 ? @ ; 8 3 < A 8 7 3 = / 7 7 0 = /A 8 7 > 6 7 7 / A 8 ? 3 < / > 0 7 / 7 3 6 A : 1 : K 2 7 1 / 3 < h 4 1 7 4 ? 0 ? A h 6 3 < K M 0 ? 7 I 0 7> 4 ? 3 / V 3 4 9 3 < / L f � / G 8 A / B 8 > 8 ? 8 B 1 0 1 ; / I P 0 ? × 0 ? 8 0 0 ? A 8 ? 3 < / ¯ ó C� � � � � � � � � º � ÿ � � � � � � � � ¡ � � � � � � � ª � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �� � � � � £ � � ª � ª � � � � � � � � � � � ¤ ¨ � Ô � � ¨ � � � � ¨ � � � � � � � � �Ô £ � � � « � � � � � � � © � � � � � � � � � � � � ¬ � Ñ Ö ® ¬f 3 8 7 0 2 7 4 8 B G 4 = 3 0 ? 3 3 4 ? 4 3 / 3 < 0 3 7 4 B / 4 9 3 < / ; 4 = 7 3 G 7 : > < 4 7 4 > 8 0 2< 0 = B 9 = 4 B 0 ? 8 ? 3 / = M 8 / ; B 0 : ? 4 3 1 / 0 G G 0 = / ? 3 A 6 = 8 ? @ 4 = 8 B B / A 8 0 3 / 2 :0 9 3 / = 3 < / 8 ? 3 / = M 8 / ; 7 / 7 7 8 4 ? C ò ? / 7 6 @ @ / 7 3 8 4 ? 8 7 3 4 8 ? > 4 = G 4 = 0 3 / 0 G 4 7 3 O8 ? 3 / = M 8 / ; > < / > E O 8 ? 1 : 7 4 B / 4 ? / ; < 4 8 7 0 E ? 4 ; ? I 3 = 6 7 3 / A 7 6 G G 4 = 3 I9 0 B 8 2 8 0 = ; 8 3 < 3 < / > < 8 2 A N 7 6 7 6 0 2 1 / < 0 M 8 4 6 = I 0 ? A > 0 ? = / 0 A 3 < / 7 8 @ ? 7 0 ? Ah / 7 / 0 = > < / = 7 ? / / A 3 4 / ? 7 6 = / 3 < 0 3 7 6 G G 4 = 3 8 7 0 M 0 8 2 0 1 2 / 3 4 > < 8 2 A = / ? I 8 9? / / A / A I A 6 = 8 ? @ 0 ? A 0 9 3 / = 3 < / = / 7 / 0 = > < G = 4 > / 7 7 C Y ? 8 B G 4 = 3 0 ? 3 G 0 = 3 4 9= / 7 / 0 = > < G 2 0 ? ? 8 ? @ 8 7 0 ? 3 8 > 8 G 0 3 8 ? @ G 4 3 / ? 3 8 0 2 0 A M / = 7 / > 4 ? 7 / F 6 / ? > / 7 4 98 ? M 4 2 M / B / ? 3 8 ? = / 7 / 0 = > < 0 ? A / ? 7 6 = 8 ? @ 3 < 0 3 0 = = 0 ? @ / B / ? 3 7 0 = / B 0 A /3 4 0 A A = / 7 7 3 < / 7 / g � > < / ? E m D 8 2 2 8 0 B 7 4 ? I j k k l i C f 3 B 0 : 1 / 0 G G = 4 G = 8 0 3 / I8 ? 7 4 B / 7 3 6 A 8 / 7 I 9 4 = = / 7 / 0 = > < / = 7 3 4 < / 2 G / F 6 8 G 4 = 7 6 G G 4 = 3 > < 8 2 A = / ? N 7G 0 = / ? 3 7 4 = > 0 = / = 7 3 4 = / 7 G 4 ? A 3 4 / B 4 3 8 4 ? 0 2 = / 0 > 3 8 4 ? 7 3 < / 8 = > < 8 2 A = / ?B 0 : < 0 M / C � 7 : > < 4 7 4 > 8 0 2 7 6 G G 4 = 3 4 = > 4 6 ? 7 / 2 2 8 ? @ B 0 : 1 / = / F 6 8 = / A9 4 = > < 8 2 A = / ? 3 4 < / 2 G 3 < / B > 4 G / ; 8 3 < 3 < / > 4 ? 7 / F 6 / ? > / 7 4 9 = / > 0 2 2 8 ? @A 8 7 3 = / 7 7 8 ? @ / V G / = 8 / ? > / 7 4 = 9 / / 2 8 ? @ 7 C ò 3 < / = 9 4 = B 7 4 9 7 6 G G 4 = 3 I 7 6 > <0 7 < / 0 2 3 < 4 = ; / 2 9 0 = / O 4 = 8 / ? 3 / A 7 6 G G 4 = 3 7 / = M 8 > / 7 I B 0 : 1 / ? / / A / A 3 43 < / = / 7 / 0 = > < G = 4 > / 7 7 C h / 7 / 0 = > < / = 7 N = / 7 G 4 ? 7 8 1 8 2 8 3 8 / 7 3 4 A 4 @ 4 4 A 0 ? A3 4 A 4 ? 4 < 0 = B 3 4 = / 7 / 0 = > < G 0 = 3 8 > 8 G 0 ? 3 7 = / F 6 8 = / 7 3 < / B 3 4 G 2 0 ? 9 4 =7 6 > < / M / ? 3 6 0 2 8 3 8 / 7 C f 3 B 0 : 1 / < / 2 G 9 6 2 3 4 < 0 M / / V G 2 8 > 8 3 G = 4 3 4 > 4 2 7 9 4 =0 A A = / 7 7 8 ? @ G 4 3 / ? 3 8 0 2 2 : > 4 ? > / = ? 8 ? @ 7 8 3 6 0 3 8 4 ? 7 I 0 ? A 9 4 = B 0 E 8 ? @ = / 9 / = = 0 2 7g D L ò I j k o o i 0 ? A G = 4 M 8 A 8 ? @ 0 2 8 7 3 4 9 7 / = M 8 > / 7 3 < 0 3 > 0 ? G = 4 M 8 A / 7 6 G G 4 = 33 4 > < 8 2 A = / ? 0 ? A 9 0 B 8 2 8 / 7 Ch / 9 / = = 8 ? @ > < 8 2 A = / ? 0 ? A 9 0 B 8 2 8 / 7 3 4 7 6 G G 4 = 3 7 / = M 8 > / 7 = / F 6 8 = / 70 ? 0 ; 0 = / ? / 7 7 4 9 0 M 0 8 2 0 1 2 / = / 7 4 6 = > / 7 C n 4 7 3 2 8 E / 2 : 3 < 8 7 8 ? M 4 2 M / 7> 4 ? 7 6 2 3 0 3 8 4 ? 0 ? A @ 0 3 < / = 8 ? @ 8 ? 9 4 = B 0 3 8 4 ? ; 8 3 < 8 ? 3 < / 2 4 > 0 2 > 4 B B 6 ? 8 3 :

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> 4 ? 3 / V 3 3 4 0 7 > / = 3 0 8 ? 4 = @ 0 ? 8 × 0 3 8 4 ? 7 4 = 0 @ / ? > 8 / 7 3 < 0 3 0 = / 0 M 0 8 2 0 1 2 / 0 ? A3 < / 2 4 > 0 2 7 6 G G 4 = 3 7 / = M 8 > / ; 4 = E 8 ? @ ; 8 3 < > < 8 2 A = / ? 0 ? A > < 8 2 A = / ? N 7 8 7 7 6 / 7 8 90 ? : I 1 : 7 / / E 8 ? @ 3 < / 8 = 7 / = M 8 > / 7 8 9 = / F 6 8 = / A I 8 ? 9 4 = B 8 ? @ 3 < / B 4 9 3 < / 7 3 6 A :0 ? A @ / 3 3 8 ? @ 3 < / 8 = 2 4 > 0 2 8 ? 3 / 2 2 8 @ / ? > / 4 ? 3 < / B 0 3 3 / = C f ? 7 4 B / > 4 ? 3 / V 3 78 A / ? 3 8 9 : 8 ? @ 4 = 0 > > / 7 7 8 ? @ > < 8 2 A O 9 4 > 6 7 / A 7 / = M 8 > / 7 B 0 : 1 / 8 B G 4 7 7 8 1 2 / 9 4 =0 = 0 ? @ / 4 9 = / 0 7 4 ? 7 O 7 6 G G 4 = 3 0 @ / ? > 8 / 7 B 0 : ? 4 3 < 0 M / 3 < / > 0 G 0 > 8 3 : I3 < / : B 0 : 1 / @ / 4 @ = 0 G < 8 > 0 2 2 : = / B 4 M / A 4 = 1 / 8 ? 0 A / F 6 0 3 / 0 ? A 2 8 E / 2 : 3 4> 0 6 7 / B 4 = / < 0 = B 3 < 0 ? @ 4 4 A � 8 ? ; < 8 > < > 0 7 / 0 2 3 / = ? 0 3 8 M / 7 3 = 0 3 / @ 8 / 7 ; 8 2 2? / / A 3 4 1 / / V G 2 4 = / A Cf ? 3 < / 0 1 7 / ? > / 4 9 > < 8 2 A O 9 4 > 6 7 / A 7 / = M 8 > / 7 8 3 B 0 : 1 / 0 G G = 4 G = 8 0 3 // V 0 B G 2 / I 8 9 = / 7 / 0 = > < 8 ? @ M 8 4 2 / ? > / 0 @ 0 8 ? 7 3 > < 8 2 A = / ? 3 < / = / B 0 : 1 / 2 4 > 0 23 4 0 A 0 G 3 7 4 B / 7 / = M 8 > / 7 3 4 B / / 3 > < 8 2 A = / ? N 7 ? / / A 7 g Ø 0 ; 7 m n 0 ? ? Ij k k p i C h / 7 / 0 = > < G 0 = 3 8 > 8 G 0 ? 3 7 B 0 : 0 2 7 4 A = 0 ; 4 ? 8 ? A 8 M 8 A 6 0 2 = / 7 4 6 = > / 7 I2 4 > 0 2 > 6 2 3 6 = 0 2 2 : = / 2 / M 0 ? 3 B / > < 0 ? 8 7 B 7 4 9 7 6 G G 4 = 3 I 0 ? A 7 3 = 4 ? @ 2 4 > 0 2> 4 B B 6 ? 8 3 : 4 = 9 0 8 3 < O 1 0 7 / A 4 = @ 0 ? 8 × 0 3 8 4 ? 7 0 ? A @ = 4 6 G 7 g h 6 8 × O H 0 7 0 = / 7 I7 6 G G 4 = 3 8 7 2 8 E / 2 : I 3 < / A / > 8 7 8 4 ? 3 4 6 ? A / = 3 0 E / 3 < / = / 7 / 0 = > < 7 < 4 6 2 A 1 /= / > 4 ? 7 8 A / = / A CP < / / V 8 7 3 / ? > / 0 ? A ? 0 3 6 = / 4 9 9 4 2 2 4 ; O 6 G 7 / = M 8 > / 7 > 0 ? 8 B G 0 > 3 4 ?= / 7 / 0 = > < / = 7 N A / > 8 7 8 4 ? 7 0 1 4 6 3 = / G 4 = 3 8 ? @ 7 6 7 G / > 3 / A > < 8 2 A 0 1 6 7 / C� 4 B / = / 7 / 0 = > < / = 7 0 = @ 6 / 3 < 0 3 3 < / = 8 7 E 7 3 4 > < 8 2 A = / ? 0 ? A 3 < / 8 = 9 0 B 8 2 8 / 78 ? = / G 4 = 3 8 ? @ B 0 2 3 = / 0 3 B / ? 3 I 7 6 > < 0 7 < 0 = B 3 4 > < 8 2 A = / ? I 6 ? ? / > / 7 7 0 = :< 6 B 8 2 8 0 3 8 4 ? 0 ? A Å É ¿ È Û Â g 8 9 0 2 2 / @ 0 3 8 4 ? 7 0 = / 6 ? 7 6 1 7 3 0 ? 3 8 0 3 / A i 0 ? A7 6 7 G / > 3 / A 0 1 6 7 / 4 = 7 0 9 / 3 : > 4 ? > / = ? 7 8 7 9 6 = 3 < / = > 4 B G 2 8 > 0 3 / A 8 ? 7 4 B /> 4 ? 3 / V 3 7 ; < / = / 3 < / = / B 0 : 1 / 0 > 4 B G 2 / 3 / 6 ? 0 M 0 8 2 0 1 8 2 8 3 : 4 9 7 / = M 8 > / 7< / 0 2 3 < > 4 ? 7 / F 6 / ? > / 7 C Z 4 = / V 0 B G 2 / I 8 ? 7 4 B / > 4 ? 3 / V 3 7 I G 0 = 3 8 > 6 2 0 = 2 :8 ? A / M / 2 4 G 8 ? @ > 4 6 ? 3 = 8 / 7 I 3 < / = / 0 = / ? 4 @ 4 M / = ? B / ? 3 7 G 4 ? 7 4 = / A > < 8 2 AG = 4 3 / > 3 8 4 ? 7 / = M 8 > / 7 I 4 = 3 < / = / 8 7 0 2 8 B 8 3 / A 7 / 3 4 9 7 4 > 8 0 2 7 / = M 8 > / 7 3 4 ; < 8 > <> < 8 2 A = / ? 0 ? A 9 0 B 8 2 8 / 7 > 0 ? 1 / = / 9 / = = / A 0 ? A > < 8 2 A = / ? B 0 : 1 / B 8 7 3 = 6 7 3 9 6 24 9 7 4 > 8 0 2 7 / = M 8 > / 7 g Y 1 / 1 / I j k k Ì W L 6 3 × m ó 4 2 2 / = I o Ì Ì Ì W � / / ? 0 m H < 0 ? A = 0 Ij k k ñ i C Z 6 = 3 < / = B 4 = / I 8 3 B 0 : ? 4 3 1 / 8 ? > < 8 2 A = / ? N 7 1 / 7 3 8 ? 3 / = / 7 3 7 3 4 = / G 4 = 30 1 6 7 / I 0 7 = / G 4 = 3 8 ? @ B 0 : 8 ? > = / 0 7 / 3 < / 8 = M 6 2 ? / = 0 1 8 2 8 3 : ; 8 3 < > 4 = = 6 G 3Ø 4 > 0 2 > 4 ? 7 6 2 3 0 3 8 4 ? 8 7 > = 8 3 8 > 0 2 2 : 8 B G 4 = 3 0 ? 3 0 ? A = / 7 / 0 = > < / = 7 ? / / A 3 4< 0 M / 0 7 4 6 ? A 6 ? A / = 7 3 0 ? A 8 ? @ 4 9 3 < / 2 / @ 0 2 = / F 6 8 = / B / ? 3 7 I 7 6 8 3 0 1 2 /= / 9 / = = 0 2 7 4 6 = > / 7 0 ? A 0 2 3 / = ? 0 3 8 M / = / 7 4 6 = > / 7 ; 8 3 < 8 ? 3 < / 0 = / 0 8 ? ; < 8 > <3 < / = / 7 / 0 = > < 8 7 1 / 8 ? @ > 4 ? A 6 > 3 / A G = 8 4 = 3 4 > 4 B B / ? > 8 ? @ 8 3 C Y 7 ? 4 3 / A0 1 4 M / I 0 ? A A 8 7 > 6 7 7 / A 8 ? 3 < / > 0 7 / 7 3 6 A : 1 : n ? 8 > 0 h 6 8 × O H 0 7 0 = / 7 I= / 7 / 0 = > < / = 7 > 0 ? / V G 2 4 = / 0 2 3 / = ? 0 3 8 M / 7 3 = 0 3 / @ 8 / 7 8 ? > 4 ? 3 / V 3 7 ; < / = /8 A / ? 3 8 9 : 8 ? @ > < 8 2 A O 9 4 > 6 7 / A 7 / = M 8 > / 7 8 7 6 ? 2 8 E / 2 : C� � � � � � � � � � � ö � � � � � � � � � ¨ � � � � � � ¨ � � ª � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �� � � � � � � � � � � � � � ¹ � � � � � � � � � � ª � � � ¡ � � � � ª Ó � � � � � £ � � � �� � � � � � � � � � � � � � £ � � � � ¨ � � � ¤ ¨ � � � � � � � � � � Ó � � � � � � � « � � �� � � � © � � � � � � � � � � � � ¬ � Ñ Õ ® ¬

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Page 20: ERIC-compendium-Ethical Guidance - Harm and benefits ......x-8 9 3 < / = 0 7 4 6? a 8 9 b v > 2 @ w-8 9 3 < / = 7 0 > m 4 b g? i v 8 6 a > 0 g 8 3:? / a 3 4 6 = e

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f ? 0 A A 8 3 8 4 ? I 3 < / 7 E 8 2 2 0 ? A = / 7 G 4 ? 7 / 7 4 9 = / 7 / 0 = > < / = 7 8 ? B 0 ? 0 @ 8 ? @ 7 0 9 / 3 :> 4 ? > / = ? 7 0 = / 8 B G 4 = 3 0 ? 3 I 0 ? A > 0 ? < / 2 G > < 8 2 A = / ? > 4 G / / B 4 3 8 4 ? 0 2 2 :0 ? A 9 0 > 8 2 8 3 0 3 / 3 = 0 ? 7 8 3 8 4 ? 7 3 4 3 < / ? / > / 7 7 0 = : 7 / = M 8 > / 7 C f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Í 3 < 8 7 8 7 A 8 7 > 6 7 7 / A 9 6 = 3 < / = 8 ? 3 < / h / 7 / 0 = > < / = � 6 G G 4 = 3h / G 4 = 3 8 ? @ > 4 ? > / = ? 7 0 1 4 6 3 > < 8 2 A = / ? N 7 7 0 9 / 3 : 8 7 ? 4 3 0 2 ; 0 : 77 3 = 0 8 @ < 3 9 4 = ; 0 = A C Y 7 ? 4 3 / A 0 1 4 M / I 3 < / = / B 0 : ? 4 3 1 / 7 6 8 3 0 1 2 / 4 =0 A / F 6 0 3 / 7 / = M 8 > / 7 0 M 0 8 2 0 1 2 / C H < 8 2 A G = 4 3 / > 3 8 4 ? 7 / = M 8 > / 7 B 0 : 1 /8 ? 0 A / F 6 0 3 / I < / 0 M : < 0 ? A / A 4 = A = / 0 A / A 1 : > < 8 2 A = / ? ; < 4 < 0 M / < 0 AG = / M 8 4 6 7 / V G / = 8 / ? > / 4 = E ? 4 ; 2 / A @ / 4 9 3 < / B C H < 8 2 A = / ? B 0 : 0 2 = / 0 A : 1 /0 > > / 7 7 8 ? @ 7 6 > < 7 / = M 8 > / 7 0 ? A B 0 : A 8 7 > 2 4 7 / 3 < / 8 ? 0 A / F 6 0 > : 4 9 3 < / 7 /3 4 3 < / = / 7 / 0 = > < / = C h / G 4 = 3 8 ? @ > 0 ? 0 2 7 4 1 / 9 6 = 3 < / = > 4 B G 2 8 > 0 3 / A 8 ?7 8 3 6 0 3 8 4 ? 7 8 ? ; < 8 > < > < 8 2 A = / ? 0 = / 2 8 M 8 ? @ 8 ? 3 < / > 0 = / 4 9 3 < / 7 3 0 3 / 4 = 0 ? 4 ? O@ 4 M / = ? B / ? 3 4 = @ 0 ? 8 × 0 3 8 4 ? 0 ? A A 8 7 > 2 4 7 / 8 ? 7 3 8 3 6 3 8 4 ? 0 2 8 7 / A G 6 ? 8 7 < B / ? 34 = M 8 4 2 / ? > / 9 = 4 B 3 < / 8 = > 0 = / = 7 C f 9 > < 8 2 A = / ? 0 = / 0 2 = / 0 A : = / > / 8 M 8 ? @ > 0 = / I= / G 4 = 3 8 ? @ B 0 : G 6 3 3 < / B 9 6 = 3 < / = 0 3 = 8 7 E Ch / 7 / 0 = > < 8 ? 0 = / 0 7 ; < / = / 3 < / = / 8 7 0 ? 8 ? > = / 0 7 / A 2 8 E / 2 8 < 4 4 A 4 9 > < 8 2 A = / ?1 / 8 ? @ 0 3 = 8 7 E I 7 6 > < 0 7 = / 7 / 0 = > < ; 8 3 < > < 8 2 A = / ? ; < 4 0 = / 7 / V 6 0 2 2 :/ V G 2 4 8 3 / A I B 0 : 1 / > 4 B G = 4 B 8 7 / A 1 : > < 8 2 A = / ? ? 4 3 / ? @ 0 @ 8 ? @ 8 ? 3 < /= / 7 / 0 = > < G = 4 > / 7 7 8 9 3 < / : / V G / > 3 7 6 > < 7 0 9 / 3 : > 4 ? > / = ? 7 3 4 1 / = / G 4 = 3 / A1 : 3 < / = / 7 / 0 = > < / = C Y ? 0 A A 8 3 8 4 ? 0 2 > < 0 2 2 / ? @ / 9 4 = = / 7 / 0 = > < / = 7 8 ? 7 4 B /> 4 ? 3 / V 3 7 0 = / 3 < / 2 / @ 0 2 < 0 = B 7 3 < 0 3 > 0 ? 0 = 8 7 / 9 4 = > < 8 2 A = / ? 8 9 3 < / : ; / = /1 = 4 6 @ < 3 3 4 3 < / 0 3 3 / ? 3 8 4 ? 4 9 3 < / 0 6 3 < 4 = 8 3 8 / 7 C Z 4 = / V 0 B G 2 / I > < 8 2 A = / ?; < 4 0 = / 7 3 0 3 / 2 / 7 7 4 = 0 7 : 2 6 B O 7 / / E 8 ? @ 0 ? A 3 < 4 7 / / ? @ 0 @ / A 8 ? > = 8 B 8 ? 0 2G = 0 > 3 8 > / 7 I > 0 ? 1 / 0 3 = 8 7 E 4 9 0 = = / 7 3 I A / G 4 = 3 0 3 8 4 ? I A / 3 / ? 3 8 4 ? I > 4 = G 4 = 0 2G 6 ? 8 7 < B / ? 3 0 ? A 0 3 3 0 8 ? B / ? 3 4 9 > = 8 B 8 ? 0 2 = / > 4 = A 7 C ò ? / ; 0 : 7 4 B /= / 7 / 0 = > < / = 7 B 0 ? 0 @ / 3 < / 7 / > 4 ? > / = ? 7 8 7 1 : Î = 0 8 7 8 ? @ 3 < / = / G 4 = 3 8 ? @ 1 0 = N 7 43 < 0 3 4 ? 2 : = / 0 2 2 : / V 3 = / B / > 0 7 / 7 4 9 8 B B / A 8 0 3 / = 8 7 E ; 4 6 2 A 1 / = / G 4 = 3 / A Cf ? B 0 ? : > 0 7 / 7 I = / 7 / 0 = > < / = 7 B 0 : ? 4 3 1 / 0 ; 0 = / 4 9 ; < 0 3 3 < / 8 = 0 > 3 8 4 ? 7B 8 @ < 3 > 4 B G 2 8 > 0 3 / 4 = G = / > 8 G 8 3 0 3 / 9 4 = 0 > < 8 2 A I / 7 G / > 8 0 2 2 : 8 9 3 < / = / 8 7 2 8 3 3 2 /3 4 3 < / 7 / A 8 2 / B B 0 7 I 1 6 3 8 3 8 7 > = 8 3 8 > 0 2 3 < 0 3 = / 7 / 0 = > < / = 7 0 = / 0 ; 0 = / 4 93 < / G 4 7 7 8 1 8 2 8 3 8 / 7 0 ? A G 2 0 ? = / 7 G 4 ? 7 / 7 8 ? 0 A M 0 ? > / 4 9 > 4 ? A 6 > 3 8 ? @ 3 < /= / 7 / 0 = > < I ; < 8 > < 3 0 E / 8 ? 3 4 0 > > 4 6 ? 3 7 3 = / ? @ 3 < 7 0 ? A 2 8 B 8 3 0 3 8 4 ? 7 4 9 3 < /2 4 > 0 2 > 4 ? 3 / V 3 I 3 < / 7 / = M 8 > / 7 0 M 0 8 2 0 1 2 / I 3 < / > < 8 2 A N 7 / M 4 2 M 8 ? @ > 0 G 0 > 8 3 8 / 70 ? A 8 ? A 8 M 8 A 6 0 2 7 8 3 6 0 3 8 4 ? I 0 ? A 3 < / G 4 3 / ? 3 8 0 2 8 B G 0 > 3 4 ? 3 < / B 4 9= / G 4 = 3 8 ? @ 7 0 9 / 3 : > 4 ? > / = ? 7 C f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f ? 7 4 B / = / 7 / 0 = > < > 4 ? 3 / V 3 7 3 / ? 7 8 4 ? / V 8 7 3 7 1 / 3 ; / / ? G = 4 3 / > 3 8 ? @ > < 8 2 A = / ?9 = 4 B < 0 = B 0 ? A = / 7 G / > 3 8 ? @ 3 < / 8 = = 8 @ < 3 3 4 G 0 = 3 8 > 8 G 0 3 / 8 ? = / 7 / 0 = > < C

Page 21: ERIC-compendium-Ethical Guidance - Harm and benefits ......x-8 9 3 < / = 0 7 4 6? a 8 9 b v > 2 @ w-8 9 3 < / = 7 0 > m 4 b g? i v 8 6 a > 0 g 8 3:? / a 3 4 6 = e

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h / 7 / 0 = > < / = 7 N > 0 G 0 > 8 3 : 3 4 8 ? > 2 6 A / > < 8 2 A = / ? 8 ? = / 7 / 0 = > < 8 7 G 0 = 3 8 > 6 2 0 = 2 := / 7 3 = 8 > 3 / A 8 9 3 < / = / 7 / 0 = > < 3 4 G 8 > 8 7 > 4 ? 7 8 A / = / A 7 / ? 7 8 3 8 M / g � 4 ; / 2 2 / 3 0 2 C Ij k o o i 0 ? A > < 8 2 A = / ? 0 = / 0 2 7 4 2 / 7 7 2 8 E / 2 : 3 4 1 / @ 8 M / ? 3 < / 4 G G 4 = 3 6 ? 8 3 : 3 4G 0 = 3 8 > 8 G 0 3 / 8 9 3 < / : 0 = / > 4 ? 7 8 A / = / A G 0 = 3 8 > 6 2 0 = 2 : M 6 2 ? / = 0 1 2 / g � 4 ; / 2 2 m� B 8 3 < I j k k Ì i C f ? 0 A A 8 3 8 4 ? I > < 8 2 A = / ? B 0 : ? 4 3 1 / 8 ? > 2 6 A / A 8 ? = / 7 / 0 = > <9 4 = G = 0 @ B 0 3 8 > = / 0 7 4 ? 7 I 7 6 > < 0 7 2 0 > E 4 9 7 E 8 2 2 / A G / = 7 4 ? ? / 2 3 4 6 ? A / = 3 0 E /7 / ? 7 8 3 8 M / = / 7 / 0 = > < ; 8 3 < > < 8 2 A = / ? 0 ? A 2 0 > E 4 9 0 A / F 6 0 3 / 9 6 ? A 8 ? @ C P < /8 B G 4 = 3 0 ? > / 4 9 G = 4 3 / > 3 8 ? @ > < 8 2 A = / ? 9 = 4 B < 0 = B 8 7 / 3 < 8 > 0 2 2 : B 0 ? A 0 3 / AY = 3 8 > 2 / 7 þ C o I þ C þ 0 ? A þ ï i C L 4 ; / M / = I 0 7 3 = 4 ? @ G = 4 3 / > 3 8 4 ? 8 7 3 A 8 7 > 4 6 = 7 /A / ? 8 / 7 > < 8 2 A = / ? 3 < / = 8 @ < 3 3 4 G 0 = 3 8 > 8 G 0 3 / 0 ? A / V G = / 7 7 3 < / 8 = M 8 / ; 7 4 ?B 0 3 3 / = 7 4 9 > 4 ? > / = ? 3 4 3 < / B g � 4 ; / 2 2 m � B 8 3 < I j k k Ì i 0 ? A > < 8 2 A = / ? B 0 :1 / Î @ 0 3 / O E / G 3 N 4 6 3 4 9 = / 7 / 0 = > < 4 ? 3 < / 1 0 7 8 7 4 9 G 4 3 / ? 3 8 0 2 = 8 7 E g ° = 0 < 0 Bm Z 8 3 × @ / = 0 2 A I j k o k i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g T 8 V 4 ? O D 4 4 A 7 I í 4 6 ? @ m h 4 7 7 I j k k ï i C P 4 3 < / / V 3 / ? 3 3 < 0 3 8 3 8 7G 4 7 7 8 1 2 / I > < 8 2 A = / ? 7 < 4 6 2 A 1 / > 4 ? 7 6 2 3 / A 0 1 4 6 3 0 > 3 8 4 ? 7 3 < 0 3 B 0 : 1 / 7 31 0 2 0 ? > / 3 < / 8 = G 0 = 3 8 > 8 G 0 3 8 4 ? 0 ? A G = 4 3 / > 3 8 4 ? = 8 @ < 3 7 I 8 ? 0 > > 4 = A 0 ? > / ; 8 3 <T 8 7 > = 8 B 8 ? 0 3 8 4 ? 4 = 1 8 0 7 8 ? > < 8 2 A = / ? N 7 G 0 = 3 8 > 8 G 0 3 8 4 ? 8 ? = / 7 / 0 = > < B 0 :> 4 B / 0 1 4 6 3 0 7 0 > 4 ? 7 / F 6 / ? > / 4 9 3 < / G 4 ; / = = / 2 0 3 8 4 ? 7 < 8 G 7 3 < 0 3 / V 8 7 38 ? 7 4 > 8 / 3 : 0 ? A 1 / 3 ; / / ? > < 8 2 A = / ? C h / 7 / 0 = > < / = 7 0 = / ? 4 3 8 B B 6 ? / 9 = 4 B1 / 2 8 / 9 7 0 ? A / V G / = 8 / ? > / 7 8 B G 0 > 3 4 ? > < 8 2 A = / ? N 7 / F 6 8 3 0 1 2 / G 0 = 3 8 > 8 G 0 3 8 4 ?8 ? = / 7 / 0 = > < C P < / = / 9 4 = / I @ 0 8 ? 8 ? @ 8 ? 7 8 @ < 3 0 ? A 6 ? A / = 7 3 0 ? A 8 ? @ 8 ? 3 43 < / 8 = 4 ; ? 0 7 7 6 B G 3 8 4 ? 7 I 0 7 ; / 2 2 0 7 3 < / 7 4 > 8 0 2 I > 4 B B 6 ? 8 3 : 0 ? A 9 0 B 8 2 := / G = / 7 / ? 3 0 3 8 4 ? 7 0 = 4 6 ? A 7 6 > < > < 0 = 0 > 3 / = 8 7 3 8 > 7 0 7 0 @ / 0 ? A @ / ? A / = I 8 7> = 8 3 8 > 0 2 8 ? / 3 < 8 > 0 2 A / > 8 7 8 4 ? O B 0 E 8 ? @ 0 ? A > 0 ? 1 / @ = / 0 3 2 : 9 0 > 8 2 8 3 0 3 / A 0 ? A/ ? < 0 ? > / A 3 < = 4 6 @ < / 3 < 8 > 0 2 7 6 G / = M 8 7 8 4 ? 0 ? A 3 = 0 8 ? 8 ? @ C> < 8 2 A = / ? B 0 : 1 / 7 8 2 / ? > / A 1 : 4 3 < / = 7 C H < 8 2 A = / ? 9 = 4 B 2 8 ? @ 6 8 7 3 8 > B 8 ? 4 = 8 3 :@ = 4 6 G 7 I 9 4 = / V 0 B G 2 / I B 0 : 9 0 > / A 8 7 > = 8 B 8 ? 0 3 8 4 ? 9 = 4 B 4 3 < / = > < 8 2 A = / ? CP < 8 7 G = / 7 / ? 3 7 0 > < 0 2 2 / ? @ / 3 4 = / 7 / 0 = > < / = 7 A 6 = 8 ? @ = / > = 6 8 3 B / ? 3 I8 A / ? 3 8 9 : 8 ? @ > < 8 2 A = / ? ; < 4 B 0 : G 4 3 / ? 3 8 0 2 2 : 1 / / V > 2 6 A / A 3 < = 4 6 @ <A 8 7 > = 8 B 8 ? 0 3 4 = : G = 4 > / 7 7 / 7 I 0 ? A 8 ? A 0 3 0 > 4 2 2 / > 3 8 4 ? I G 0 = 3 8 > 6 2 0 = 2 : 8 ? 9 4 > 6 7@ = 4 6 G 7 8 3 6 0 3 8 4 ? 7 I / ? 7 6 = 8 ? @ 3 < 0 3 0 2 2 > < 8 2 A = / ? N 7 M 4 8 > / 7 0 = / < / 0 = A 0 ? A= / 0 2 8 3 8 / 7 0 = / G = / 7 / ? 3 / A CG 0 = 3 8 > 8 G 0 3 / C Z 4 = / V 0 B G 2 / I > < 8 2 A = / ? ; < 4 0 = / < / 0 = 8 ? @ O 8 B G 0 8 = / A B 0 := / F 6 8 = / 0 A A 8 3 8 4 ? 0 2 7 6 G G 4 = 3 I 7 6 > < 0 7 3 < / / ? @ 0 @ / B / ? 3 4 9 0 7 E 8 2 2 / A8 ? 3 / = G = / 3 / = I 3 4 9 0 > 8 2 8 3 0 3 / 3 < / G = 4 > / 7 7 4 9 8 ? 9 4 = B / A > 4 ? 7 / ? 3 0 ? A 4 ? @ 4 8 ? @> 4 B B 6 ? 8 > 0 3 8 4 ? 3 < = 4 6 @ < 3 < / = / 7 / 0 = > < G = 4 > / 7 7 C f ? 0 ? 4 3 < / = / V 0 B G 2 / I? 4 3 < 0 M / > 4 ? M / ? 8 / ? 3 0 > > / 7 7 3 4 8 ? 3 / = ? / 3 C h / 7 / 0 = > < / = 7 6 7 8 ? @ 4 ? 2 8 ? /B / 3 < 4 A 7 0 = / / ? > 4 6 = 0 @ / A 3 4 > 4 ? 7 8 A / = ; < / 3 < / = A 8 @ 8 3 0 2 / V > 2 6 7 8 4 ? B 0 := / 8 ? 9 4 = > / 4 = 9 6 = 3 < / = > 4 B G 4 6 ? A 7 4 > 8 0 2 / V > 2 6 7 8 4 ? C � Â á É ¿ ½ ¿ â Â É Ù á Ú

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á Æ Å Æ Â á ½ ¾ 7 < 4 6 2 A > 4 ? 9 = 4 ? 3 0 ? A ? 4 3 = / 8 ? 9 4 = > / / V 8 7 3 8 ? @ G 0 3 3 / = ? 7 4 9A 8 7 > = 8 B 8 ? 0 3 8 4 ? 0 ? A / V > 2 6 7 8 4 ? I / ? > 4 6 = 0 @ 8 ? @ @ = 4 6 G 7 4 9 > < 8 2 A = / ? ; < 4g Z / 8 ? 7 3 / 8 ? m ò N ó 0 ? / I j k k ¼ i C Y A A 8 3 8 4 ? 0 2 / 3 < 8 > 0 2 8 7 7 6 / 7 0 = / = 0 8 7 / A ; < / ?= / 7 / 0 = > < / = 7 1 / > 4 B / 0 ; 0 = / 4 9 A 8 7 > = 8 B 8 ? 0 3 8 4 ? I / V > 2 6 7 8 4 ? 4 = 6 ? 9 0 8 =3 4 0 > > 4 6 ? 3 0 1 8 2 8 3 : 0 ? A 0 A M 4 > 0 > : I 0 7 A 8 7 > 6 7 7 / A 8 ? ç 6 A / n 0 > Y = 3 < 6 = N 7> 0 7 / 7 3 6 A : I 8 ? ; < 8 > < 0 ? 8 ? > 8 A / ? 3 4 9 1 6 2 2 : 8 ? @ 0 ? A / V > 2 6 7 8 4 ? 4 9 0 > < 8 2 A; 8 3 < A 8 7 0 1 8 2 8 3 : ; 0 7 ; 8 3 ? / 7 7 / A C � � � �� � � � � � � � � � Ö � ÿ � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � å � ª � � � ª � � � � �� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � ¡ � � � � � � � � ª � � � � � � � ¨ � � � � � ¤ ¨ � � � � �� � � ¸ � � � � � « � � � � � � � © � � � � � � � � � � � � ¬ � Ñ ä ® ¬f ? 9 4 > 6 7 @ = 4 6 G = / 7 / 0 = > < B 4 = / 7 6 1 3 2 / 9 4 = B 7 4 9 ð 8 ? ? / = A 8 M / = 7 8 3 : ég K 6 = 4 > < 8 2 A I j k o o I G C ñ i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f ? 0 ? 4 3 < / = / V 0 B G 2 / I ð 7 4 B /> < 8 2 A = / ? ? / / A 3 4 1 / @ 8 ? 7 G / 0 E 8 ? @ 8 ? 4 = A / = 3 4 6 ? A / = 7 3 0 ? A ; < 0 3 3 < / : 0 = /3 < 8 ? E 8 ? @ W 4 3 < / = 7 A 4 ? N 3 7 G / 0 E 6 ? 3 8 2 3 < / : < 0 M / Î @ 0 3 < / = / A 3 < / 8 = 3 < 4 6 @ < 3 7 N é< / 2 G = / 7 / 0 = > < / = 7 3 4 A / M / 2 4 G 0 ? A 8 B G 2 / B / ? 3 ; 0 : 7 3 4 0 A A = / 7 7 3 < / B I3 < / = / 1 : 9 0 > 8 2 8 3 0 3 8 ? @ 3 < / B 4 = / / F 6 8 3 0 1 2 / 8 ? M 4 2 M / B / ? 3 4 9 0 2 2 9 4 > 6 7 @ = 4 6 GG 0 = 3 8 > 8 G 0 ? 3 7 Cf ? h H P 7 0 ? A 4 3 < / = / V G / = 8 B / ? 3 0 2 A / 7 8 @ ? 7 8 3 8 7 8 B G 4 = 3 0 ? 3 3 4 B 0 8 ? 3 0 8 ?= 0 ? A 4 B 0 7 7 8 @ ? B / ? 3 3 4 > 4 ? A 8 3 8 4 ? 7 I 7 4 3 < 0 3 0 2 2 > < 8 2 A = / ? 8 ? 3 < / 7 0 B G 2 /< 0 M / / F 6 0 2 4 G G 4 = 3 6 ? 8 3 : 3 4 1 / 7 / 2 / > 3 / A 8 ? 0 2 2 > 4 ? A 8 3 8 4 ? 7 C h 0 ? A 4 B 8 7 0 3 8 4 ?7 < 4 6 2 A 1 / G 6 = / 2 : 1 : > < 0 ? > / I 7 6 > < 0 7 6 7 8 ? @ > 4 B G 6 3 / = 8 7 / A 0 2 2 4 > 0 3 8 4 ? 4 == 0 ? A 4 B ? 6 B 1 / = 7 I 0 ? A 7 < 4 6 2 A ? 4 3 6 7 / 0 ? : 7 : 7 3 / B 0 3 8 > > < 0 = 0 > 3 / = 8 7 3 8 > 7 I7 6 > < 0 7 A 0 3 / 4 9 0 3 3 / ? A 0 ? > / 0 3 3 < / > 2 8 ? 8 > 4 = 7 4 > 8 0 2 7 / > 6 = 8 3 : ? 6 B 1 / = 7 C f ?h H P 7 I 3 < / > 4 ? 3 = 4 2 @ = 4 6 G 7 < 4 6 2 A 1 / @ 8 M / ? 3 < / > 6 = = / ? 3 1 / 7 3 3 = / 0 3 B / ? 3 I3 < / ? / ; 3 = / 0 3 B / ? 3 J 7 0 9 3 / = 3 < / 3 = 8 0 2 8 7 > 4 B G 2 / 3 / A 0 ? A 8 9 3 < / 3 = 8 0 2 7 < 4 ; 79 0 M 4 6 = 0 1 2 / = / 7 6 2 3 7 CH < 8 2 A = / ? N 7 8 ? M 4 2 M / B / ? 3 8 ? = / 7 / 0 = > < A / 7 8 @ ? I 0 7 8 ? > < 8 2 A O 2 / A = / 7 / 0 = > < I? / > / 7 7 0 = 8 2 : = / 7 4 2 M / 8 7 7 6 / 7 4 9 G 4 ; / = 0 ? A = / G = / 7 / ? 3 0 3 8 4 ? I 0 7 = / 7 / 0 = > <; 8 3 < > < 8 2 A = / ? 8 7 B / A 8 0 3 / A 1 : 0 A 6 2 3 7 g H 2 0 M / = 8 ? @ m n > Ø 0 6 @ < 2 8 ? I j k o k Wó / 2 2 / 3 3 I j k o k i C L 4 ; / M / = I 3 < / B / 0 ? 8 ? @ 9 6 2 G 0 = 3 8 > 8 G 0 3 8 4 ? 4 9 > < 8 2 A = / ?0 ? A : 4 6 ? @ G / 4 G 2 / 3 < = 4 6 @ < 4 6 3 3 < / A / 7 8 @ ? 0 ? A 8 B G 2 / B / ? 3 0 3 8 4 ? 4 9= / 7 / 0 = > < 7 3 6 A 8 / 7 > 0 ? 1 / 0 > = 8 3 8 > 0 2 9 0 > 3 4 = 8 ? 3 < / 7 6 > > / 7 7 4 9 3 < / G = 4 5 / > 3g h 0 A 9 4 = A / 3 0 2 C I j k o o i C� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � ! � " � # � � � � � ! � � # � � $ � � % � � % � � ! # � � � & � � # � ' � � ' $ � � � !( � � $ ! � � � ) � # � ! � � � " � $ � # * + , � " � � � � � - . / 0 1 2 3 4 � ( � � $ 5 � ! � $ # � � � � � � # � � � ! � � � � � � ( � � � � � �� � 5 � ( � % � # � � � � % � � # � � # � � 5 6 ! � � � " $ � ! ( � � $ ! � � � 7 # � � ( 8 � � ) $ � ! � # � � & % � ! � 5 � � # � $ $ *� � ( � � $ - ' � $ � # � ( � $ � � ! � # � % ( # % � � $ ' � � ( � � � � � � & ! � � � " $ � 5 � � # 3 9 � ) � : � � - � � � # � � � ( � % � # � � � � -# � � # � � 5 6 ( � � $ ! ; � � � ) � # � ! � � � " � $ � # * 7 � � 5 � � � & � � < % � � # $ * % � � ! � � ! # � � % � % � $ ' � � & � � � � ( � � &� � $ & = � ! : � ( � # � � 3 � � � $ � # # � � # � � 5 � � � $ � * 6 ( � � $ ! � � � ) � # � ! � � � " � $ � # * 7 - � � % � � ! # � � � % � � % # # � �( � � � � # % ! * � % # � � � � 3

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Y = / 2 0 3 / A 0 = / 0 8 ? ; < 8 > < > < 8 2 A = / ? N 7 4 G 8 ? 8 4 ? 7 < 0 M / 1 / / ? 7 4 6 @ < 3M / = : = 0 = / 2 : 0 ? A ; < 8 > < ? / / A 7 3 4 1 / = / A = / 7 7 / A 0 7 0 B 0 3 3 / = 4 9 7 4 B /8 B G 4 = 3 0 ? > / I 8 7 > < 8 2 A = / ? N 7 M 8 / ; 7 4 ? / 3 < 8 > 7 8 ? = / 7 / 0 = > < I 8 ? > 2 6 A 8 ? @A / 1 0 3 / 7 4 M / = / 3 < 8 > 0 2 > 4 ? 7 8 A / = 0 3 8 4 ? 7 7 6 > < 0 7 3 < 4 7 / A 8 7 > 6 7 7 / A 8 ? 3 < /K h f H > 4 B G / ? A 8 6 B C ç 6 = = 8 6 7 0 ? A ¯ × 4 × 8 / g j k o j i 7 6 @ @ / 7 3 3 < 0 3 0 @ 4 4 A> 4 ? M / = 7 0 3 8 4 ? 0 1 4 6 3 / 3 < 8 > 7 1 / 3 ; / / ? = / 7 / 0 = > < / = 7 0 ? A I 8 B G 4 = 3 0 ? 3 2 : I1 / 3 ; / / ? = / 7 / 0 = > < / = 7 0 ? A > < 8 2 A = / ? C H 4 ? 7 8 A / = 0 3 8 4 ? 7 ; 8 3 < = / @ 0 = A 3 4A 8 7 > 6 7 7 8 ? @ / 3 < 8 > 7 ; 8 3 < > < 8 2 A = / ? 0 = / 3 < / 9 4 > 6 7 4 9 3 < / > 0 7 / 7 3 6 A : 1 : ó 8 3 3 :ç 6 = = 8 6 7 C� � � � � � � � � � � � ÿ � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � ª � � � � � � � � � � � ¤ ¨ � ø � � � �� � � � � � � « � � � � � � � © � � � � � � � � � � � � ¬ � Ñ ­ ® ¬> ) $ ! û ( & S $ R % � % $ R > � S # $ > ? # + ü ! ) � ( R % # % & R# � ú $ ! & + R ! + ) $ # ü $ R S � � R � ? & ! @- » 4 > < 8 2 A 7 < 4 6 2 A 1 / A 8 7 > = 8 B 8 ? 0 3 / A 0 @ 0 8 ? 7 3 4 ? 3 < / 1 0 7 8 7 4 9 3 < / 8 =7 / V I = 0 > / I = / 2 8 @ 8 4 ? I 0 1 8 2 8 3 8 / 7 I 4 = 0 ? : 4 3 < / = 7 4 > 8 0 2 4 = G 4 2 8 3 8 > 0 2> < 0 = 0 > 3 / = 8 7 3 8 > 7 I 8 ? 3 / = B 7 4 9 3 < / 8 = G 0 = 3 8 > 8 G 0 3 8 4 ? 8 ? = / 7 / 0 = > < g Y = 3 8 > 2 /j i C- h / 7 / 0 = > < / = 7 I = / 7 / 0 = > < 4 = @ 0 ? 8 × 0 3 8 4 ? 7 0 ? A @ 4 M / = ? B / ? 3 7 < 0 M / 0= / 7 G 4 ? 7 8 1 8 2 8 3 : 3 4 A 4 ; < 0 3 8 7 1 / 7 3 9 4 = > < 8 2 A = / ? 0 ? A B 0 E / 7 6 = / 3 < 0 30 2 2 > < 8 2 A = / ? 0 = / G = 4 3 / > 3 / A g Y = 3 8 > 2 / þ i C- H < 8 2 A = / ? < 0 M / 3 < / = 8 @ < 3 3 4 G = 4 3 / > 3 8 4 ? 9 = 4 B = / 7 / 0 = > < 3 < 0 3 8 7/ V G 2 4 8 3 0 3 8 M / I < 0 = B 7 3 < / B 4 = 8 7 1 0 A 9 4 = 3 < / 8 = < / 0 2 3 < I / A 6 > 0 3 8 4 ? 4 =A / M / 2 4 G B / ? 3 g Y = 3 8 > 2 / 7 ï I o Ì I þ j 0 ? A þ ï i C- h / 7 / 0 = > < / = 7 < 0 M / 0 = / 7 G 4 ? 7 8 1 8 2 8 3 : 3 4 / ? 7 6 = / > < 8 2 A = / ? < 0 M / 0 > > / 7 73 4 0 A M 8 > / 0 ? A 7 6 G G 4 = 3 8 9 3 < / : 0 = / 0 A M / = 7 / 2 : 8 B G 0 > 3 / A 1 : 8 7 7 6 / 7= 0 8 7 / A 8 ? 3 < / > 4 6 = 7 / 4 9 3 < / = / 7 / 0 = > < G = 4 > / 7 7 g Y = 3 8 > 2 / þ Ì i C- h / 7 / 0 = > < 7 < 4 6 2 A < 4 ? 4 6 = > < 8 2 A = / ? N 7 = 8 @ < 3 3 4 / V G = / 7 7 3 < / 8 = 4 G 8 ? 8 4 ? 7 I1 : 3 0 2 E 8 ? @ I A = 0 ; 8 ? @ I ; = 8 3 8 ? @ 4 = 8 ? 0 ? : 4 3 < / = ; 0 : 7 C h / 7 / 0 = > < / = 7< 0 M / 0 = / 7 G 4 ? 7 8 1 8 2 8 3 : 3 4 2 8 7 3 / ? 0 ? A 3 0 E / > < 8 2 A = / ? N 7 M 8 / ; 7 7 / = 8 4 6 7 2 :g Y = 3 8 > 2 / 7 o j 0 ? A o þ i C- . / 8 ? @ 8 ? M 4 2 M / A 8 ? = / 7 / 0 = > < < 0 7 0 9 4 = B 0 3 8 M / M 0 2 6 / 0 ? A 3 < / = / 9 4 = /7 < 4 6 2 A < / 2 G > < 8 2 A = / ? 6 7 / 0 ? A A / M / 2 4 G 3 < / 8 = 3 0 2 / ? 3 7 0 ? A 0 1 8 2 8 3 8 / 7 Cg Y = 3 8 > 2 / 7 l I ï I o j 0 ? A o þ i C- Y 2 2 > < 8 2 A = / ? < 0 M / 3 < / = 8 @ < 3 3 4 1 / G = 4 3 / > 3 / A 9 = 4 B 1 / 8 ? @ < 6 = 3 0 ? AB 8 7 3 = / 0 3 / A I 8 ? 1 4 A : 4 = B 8 ? A I 3 < = 4 6 @ < 4 6 3 3 < / = / 7 / 0 = > < G = 4 > / 7 7g Y = 3 8 > 2 / o Ì i C- H < 8 2 A = / ? 0 = / ? 4 3 0 2 2 4 ; / A 3 4 1 / G 6 ? 8 7 < / A 8 ? = / 7 / 0 = > < g Y = 3 8 > 2 / þ ñ i C

Page 24: ERIC-compendium-Ethical Guidance - Harm and benefits ......x-8 9 3 < / = 0 7 4 6? a 8 9 b v > 2 @ w-8 9 3 < / = 7 0 > m 4 b g? i v 8 6 a > 0 g 8 3:? / a 3 4 6 = e

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Q � * ' ( � ! & + R - D 8 2 2 3 < / = / 7 / 0 = > < > 4 ? 3 = 8 1 6 3 / ? / ; E ? 4 ; 2 / A @ / A- L 4 ; < 0 M / : 4 6 / ? 7 6 = / A 3 < 0 3 3 < / 8 ? 9 4 = B 0 3 8 4 ? 1 / 8 ? @ 7 4 6 @ < 3 8 7 ? 4 30 M 0 8 2 0 1 2 / / 2 7 / ; < / = / A- f 7 > < 8 2 A = / ? N 7 G 0 = 3 8 > 8 G 0 3 8 4 ? 8 ? 3 < / = / 7 / 0 = > < ? / > / 7 7 0 = : 4 = > 0 ? 3 < /8 ? 9 4 = B 0 3 8 4 ? 1 / 4 1 3 0 8 ? / A 8 ? 4 3 < / = ; 0 : 7 g / V > 2 6 A 8 ? @ / ? A 4 = 7 8 ? @0 A 6 2 3 7 7 G / 0 E 8 ? @ 4 ? 1 / < 0 2 9 4 9 > < 8 2 A = / ? 8 ? G = / 9 / = / ? > / 3 4 > < 8 2 A = / ?7 G / 0 E 8 ? @ 9 4 = 3 < / B 7 / 2 M / 7 i A- D < 0 3 9 4 = B ; 8 2 2 > < 8 2 A = / ? N 7 8 ? M 4 2 M / B / ? 3 8 ? 3 < / = / 7 / 0 = > < 3 0 E / A- 3 4 4 1 3 0 8 ? 3 < / 1 / 7 3 G 4 7 7 8 1 2 / 2 4 > 0 2 E ? 4 ; 2 / A @ / 0 ? A 3 4 6 ? A / = 3 0 E / 3 < /= / 7 / 0 = > < I 0 ? A 0 = / 3 < / 7 / = / 0 A 8 2 : 0 M 0 8 2 0 1 2 / A f 9 ? 4 3 I 8 7 3 < / = / 0 G 2 0 ?9 4 = < 4 ; 3 < / 7 / ; 8 2 2 1 / 4 1 3 0 8 ? / A J B 0 ? 0 @ / A A- L 4 ; B 6 > < 3 8 B / ? / / A 7 3 4 1 / 0 2 2 4 > 0 3 / A 9 4 = 4 1 3 0 8 ? 8 ? @ ? / > / 7 7 0 = := / 7 4 6 = > / 7 8 ? 4 = A / = 3 4 6 ? A / = 3 0 E / 3 < / = / 7 / 0 = > < G = 4 5 / > 3 / 3 < 8 > 0 2 2 : A- D < 0 3 A 4 : 4 6 E ? 4 ; 0 1 4 6 3 3 < / > < 8 2 A = / ? ; < 4 : 4 6 ; 0 ? 3 3 4 8 ? M 4 2 M / A- 0 ? A 3 < / 8 = 2 8 M / 7 A- T 4 : 4 6 < 0 M / 3 < / ? / > / 7 7 0 = : 7 E 8 2 2 7 g 3 / > < ? 8 > 0 2 0 ? A 8 ? 3 / = G / = 7 4 ? 0 2 i 3 48 ? M 4 2 M / 3 < / > < 8 2 A = / ? 8 ? = / 7 / 0 = > < A D < 0 3 / V G / = 8 / ? > / A 4 : 4 6 < 0 M / 4 9A 8 0 2 4 @ 6 / ; 8 3 < > < 8 2 A = / ? A D < 0 3 A 4 : 4 6 E ? 4 ; 4 9 > < 8 2 A A / M / 2 4 G B / ? 3 A- D < 0 3 B / 0 ? 7 g 4 = B / 3 < 4 A 7 i ; 8 2 2 : 4 6 6 7 / 3 4 0 A A = / 7 7 3 < / G 4 ; / =- L 4 ; ; 8 2 2 3 < 8 7 = / 7 / 0 = > < 1 / 8 ? > 2 6 7 8 M / 4 9 0 2 2 > < 8 2 A = / ? A- D < 0 3 7 3 / G 7 > 0 ? 1 / 3 0 E / ? 3 4 8 A / ? 3 8 9 : B 0 = @ 8 ? 0 2 8 7 / A J < 0 = A 3 4 = / 0 > <> < 8 2 A = / ? 0 ? A / ? 7 6 = / 3 < / : 0 = / 8 ? > 2 6 A / A 8 ? 3 < / = / 7 / 0 = > < A- f 9 8 3 8 7 ? 4 3 : 4 6 = 8 ? 3 / ? 3 8 4 ? 3 4 8 ? > 2 6 A / > < 8 2 A = / ? I 4 ? ; < 0 3 1 0 7 8 7 ; 8 2 23 < / : 1 / / V > 2 6 A / A 0 ? A ; < : A-- B 0 A / G 6 1 2 8 > A

Page 25: ERIC-compendium-Ethical Guidance - Harm and benefits ......x-8 9 3 < / = 0 7 4 6? a 8 9 b v > 2 @ w-8 9 3 < / = 7 0 > m 4 b g? i v 8 6 a > 0 g 8 3:? / a 3 4 6 = e

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- D < 0 3 G 2 0 ? 7 > 0 ? 1 / G 6 3 8 ? G 2 0 > / 3 4 = / A 6 > / = 8 7 E A- Y = / 3 < / = / > < 8 2 A = / ? ; < 4 7 / G 0 = 3 8 > 6 2 0 = > 8 = > 6 B 7 3 0 ? > / 7 G 2 0 > / 3 < / B 0 3< 8 @ < = 8 7 E A f 9 : / 7 I ; < 4 0 = / 3 < / : 0 ? A ; < : A- = / 7 4 6 = > / 7 0 ? A 7 / = M 8 > / 7 0 = / 0 M 0 8 2 0 1 2 / 3 4 > < 8 2 A = / ? 8 9 ? / / A / A A- D < 0 3 0 > 3 8 4 ? 7 ; 8 2 2 : 4 6 ? / / A 3 4 3 0 E / 3 4 = / 7 G 4 ? A 0 G G = 4 G = 8 0 3 / 2 : 8 9 0> < 8 2 A A 8 7 > 2 4 7 / 7 < 0 = B 4 = 0 1 6 7 / A- D < 4 ; 8 2 2 : 4 6 ? / / A 3 4 8 ? 9 4 = B 0 1 4 6 3 3 < / 7 / 0 > 3 8 4 ? 7 A- D < 0 3 0 = / 3 < / 2 / @ 0 2 = / F 6 8 = / B / ? 3 7 9 4 = = / G 4 = 3 8 ? @ > < 8 2 A 0 1 6 7 / 8 ? 3 < /0 = / 0 3 < / = / 7 / 0 = > < 8 7 3 0 E 8 ? @ G 2 0 > / A- D < 0 3 G 4 7 7 8 1 2 / 7 3 8 @ B 0 B 0 : 0 3 3 0 > < 3 4 > < 8 2 A = / ? 8 9 3 < / : G 0 = 3 8 > 8 G 0 3 / 8 ?3 < / = / 7 / 0 = > < A D < 0 3 ; 8 2 2 : 4 6 A 4 0 1 4 6 3 3 < 8 7 A- T 4 : 4 6 ? / / A 3 4 A / M / 2 4 G 0 ? A J 4 = 8 B G 2 / B / ? 3 7 0 9 / 3 : G = 4 3 4 > 4 2 74 = G 4 2 8 > 8 / 7 8 ? : 4 6 = G = 4 5 / > 3 3 4 G = 4 3 / > 3 > < 8 2 A = / ? I A 6 = 8 ? @ 0 ? A J 4 =9 4 2 2 4 ; 8 ? @ 3 < / = / 7 / 0 = > < A f 9 7 4 I ; < : I 0 ? A ; < 0 3 G = 4 3 4 > 4 2 7 4 = G 4 2 8 > 8 / 70 = / 3 < / 7 / A- L 0 M / : 4 6 > 4 ? 7 8 A / = / A 8 ? 7 3 8 @ 0 3 8 ? @ 0 G 4 7 3 O 8 ? 3 / = M 8 / ; > < / > E O 8 ? 1 :7 4 B / 4 ? / ; < 4 8 7 0 E ? 4 ; ? I 3 = 6 7 3 / A 7 6 G G 4 = 3 I 9 0 B 8 2 8 0 = ; 8 3 < 3 < / > < 8 2 A N 78 9 ? / / A / A A- T 4 : 4 6 < 0 M / 3 < / / V G / = 8 / ? > / 0 ? A J 4 = 7 E 8 2 2 7 3 4 = / 7 G 4 ? A 3 4 > < 8 2 A = / ? N 7A 8 7 3 = / 7 7 A- D < 0 3 7 6 G / = M 8 7 8 4 ? 4 = 7 6 G G 4 = 3 A 4 : 4 6 ? / / A 3 4 < 0 M / 8 ? G 2 0 > / 9 4 == / 7 / 0 = > < 3 / 0 B B / B 1 / = 7 A- D < 0 3 0 = = 0 ? @ / B / ? 3 7 A 4 : 4 6 ? / / A 3 4 B 0 E / 3 4 7 6 G G 4 = 3 > < 8 2 A = / ?; < 4 1 / > 4 B / A 8 7 3 = / 7 7 / A A Y ? A < 4 ; ; 8 2 2 : 4 6 / ? 7 6 = / 3 < 0 3 3 < / 8 =8 7 7 6 / 4 = > 4 ? > / = ? ; 0 7 0 3 3 / ? A / A 3 4 A