89

Hadrian

Augustus 117-138

Hadrian was the cousin of Trajan with whom he had a rocky love-hate relationship. However, his relationship with Trajan turned out to be less consequential to his own rise to becoming emperor. It is widely thought that Trajan himself never actually selected Hadrian as his successor but his powerful aunt, who was very fond of Hadrian and took the role of surrogate mother, forged documents to the effect when Trajan was on his deathbed. Hadrian is

remembered chiefly by his active role in the military, by the prolific building of all sorts of city and military improvements, by being a shrewd economic strategist as well as for his infamous homosexual relationship with a boy named Antinous.

Busts:

1) Bare head left 2) Bare head right 3) Bare-headed, draped bust left 4) Bare-headed, draped bust right 5) Laureate bust left 6) Laureate bust right 7) Laureate head left 8) Laureate head right 9) Laureate, cuirassed bust right 10) Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust left 11) Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right 12) Laureate, draped bust left 13) Laureate, draped bust right 14) Radiate bust right 15) Radiate head right 16) Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right 17) Radiate, draped bust right

a) Eagle standing right b) Hercules bust right, wearing lion skin

Obverses:

1) AVGVST HADRIANVS PP 2) AVGVSTVS HADRIANVS 3) DIVVS HADRIANVS AVG 4) HADRIANO TRAIANO CAESARI 5) HADRIANVS AVG COS III PP 6) HADRIANVS AVG PP REN 7) HADRIANVS AVGVSTVS 8) HADRIANVS AVGVSTVS PP 9) HADRIANVS OPT AVGVSTVS 10) IMP CAE D TR PAR F D NER N TRA HADRIANO AVG 11) IMP CAE DI TRAIAN F DIV NER NEP TRA HADRIANO AVG 12) IMP CAES DIVI TRA PARTH F DIVI NER NEP TRAIANO HADRIANO AVG 13) IMP CAES DIVI TRAIAN AVG F TRAIAN HADRIAN OPT AVG GER 14) IMP CAES HADRIANVS AVG COS III 15) IMP CAES TRA HADRIANO AVG PP 16) IMP CAES TRA HADRIANVS AVG 17) IMP CAES TRAIAN HADRIAN OPT AVG G D PAR 18) IMP CAES TRAIAN HADRIAN OPT AVG GER D PAR 19) IMP CAES TRAIAN HADRIAN OPT AVG GER DAC 20) IMP CAES TRAIAN HADRIANO AVG DIVI NER 21) IMP CAES TRAIAN HADRIANO AVG DIVI TRA 22) IMP CAES TRAIAN HADRIANO AVG DIVI TRA PARTH F 23) IMP CAES TRAIAN HADRIANO OPT AVG G D PAR 24) IMP CAES TRAIAN HADRIANO OPT AVG G D PART 25) IMP CAES TRAIAN HADRIANO OPT AVG G D PARTH 26) IMP CAES TRAIAN HADRIANO OPT AVG GER DAC 27) IMP CAES TRAIANO HADRIANO AVG 28) IMP CAES TRAIANO HADRIANO AVG PM TR P COS 29) IMP CAESAR TRAIAN HADRIANVS AVG 30) IMP CAESAR TRAIAN HADRIANVS AVG PM TR P COS III 31) IMP CAESAR TRAIANVS HADRIANVS AVG 32) IMP CAESAR TRAIANVS HADRIANVS AVG GE D P 33) IMP CAESAR TRAIANVS HADRIANVS AVG GER DAC 34) IMP CAESAR TRAIANVS HADRIANVS AVG PM TR P 35) IMP CAESAR TRAIANVS HADRIANVS AVG PM TR P COS III 36) IMP TRAIANVS HADRIANVS AVG

Reverses:

1) ADLOCVTIO 2) ADOPTIO TRIBVNIC POTEST 3) ADVENTVI AVG AFRICAE 4) ADVENTVI AVG ALEXANDRIAE 5) ADVENTVI AVG ARABIAE 6) ADVENTVI AVG ASIAE

7) ADVENTVI AVG BITHYNIAE 8) ADVENTVI AVG BRITANNIAE 9) ADVENTVI AVG CILICIAE 10) ADVENTVI AVG GALLIAE 11) ADVENTVI AVG HISPANIAE 12) ADVENTVI AVG ITALIAE

Hadrian reigns during the height of the Roman Golden Age. The immense amount of wealth pouring into Rome from all corners of the then known world translate into, among other things, an earnest pursuit of art. And this naturally includes the cash being made. As the years go by Hadrian ages gracefully on the coins he’s portrayed on from youth to full maturity. Every coin made seems to have been given special attention to convey a sense of realism and glory. And, thankfully, many of these look as though they were made just yesterday. These immaculately preserved coins come with dizzying price tags when in gold or copper but can be routinely found in silver for $100-$200 each. Considering that each and every one of them was handmade by a team of professionals almost 2,000 years ago that is a true bargain! If paying that much is regardless too much then you can still expect to get a lot of coin for $50 or so. A “starter” Denarius or As can be had for just a few dollars.

90 13) ADVENTVI AVG IVDAEAE 14) ADVENTVI AVG MACEDONIAE 15) ADVENTVI AVG MAVRETANIAE 16) ADVENTVI AVG MOESIAE 17) ADVENTVI AVG NORICI 18) ADVENTVI AVG PHRYGIAE 19) ADVENTVI AVG SICILIAE 20) ADVENTVI AVG THRACIAE 21) ADVENTVS AVG 22) ADVENTVS AVGVSTI 23) AEGYPTOS 24) AELIVS CAESAR 25) AEQVITAS AVG 26) AETERNITAS AVG 27) AETERNITAS AVGVSTI 28) AFRICA 29) ALEXANDRIA 30) ANN DCCLXXIIII NAT VRB P CIR CON 31) ANNONA AVG 32) ANNONA AVGVSTI 33) ASIA 34) BRITANNIA 35) CAPPADOCIA 36) CLEMENTIA AVG 37) CLEMENTIA AVG COS III PP 38) CLEMENTIA AVG PP COS III 39) COH PRAETOR 40) COHORT PRAETOR 41) CONCORDIA AVG 42) CONCORDIA EXERCITVVM 43) CONCORDIA TR POT COS II 44) CONSECRATIO 45) COS 46) COS III 47) COS III PP 48) COS III PP CLEMENTIA AVG 49) COS III PP IVSTITIA AVG 50) DAC PARTHICO PM TR P COS PP 51) DACIA 52) DIANA EPEHSIA COS 53) DIANA EPHESIA 54) DISCIPLINA AVG 55) DIVI NER NEP PM TR P COS 56) DIVIS PARENTIBVS 57) DIVO TRAIANO PART AVG PATRI 58) DIVO TRAIANO PATRI 59) DIVO TRAIANO PATRI AVG 60) DIVVS TRAIAN AVG PARTH PATER 61) ESERC SYRIACVS 62) EXER BRITANNICVS 63) EXER CAPPADOCICVS 64) EXER MOESIACVS 65) EXERC BRITAN 66) EXERC DACICVS 67) EXERC GERMA 68) EXERC HISPAN 69) EXERC HISPANICVS 70) EXERC SYRIAC 71) EXERC SYRIACVS 72) EXERCITVS DACICVS 73) EXERCITVS GERMANICVS 74) EXERCITVS MAVRETANICVS 75) EXERCITVS NORICVS 76) EXERCITVS RAETICVS 77) EXERCITVS SYRIACVS 78) FELIC AVG PM TR P COS III 79) FELICITAS AVG 80) FELICITAS AVG COS III PP 81) FELICITAS AVGVSTI 82) FELICITAS P R 83) FELICITATI 84) FELICITATI / AVG 85) FELICITATI / AVGG PP 86) FELICITATI AVG 87) FIDES PVBLICA 88) FORT RED 89) FORT REDVCI 90) FORT RFDVCI 91) FORTV AVGVS 92) FORTVNA AVG 93) FORTVNA AVGVST 94) FORTVNA EPHESIA 95) FORTVNA SPES 96) FORTVNAE REDVCA 97) FORTVNAE REDVCI 98) FORTVNAE REDVCI COS III PP 99) GENIO P R 100) GERMANIA 101) HADRIANVS AVG COS III PP

102) HADRIANVS AVGVSTVS 103) HILARITAS P R 104) HISPANIA 105) IMP CAES ANTONINVS 106) IMP CAES DIVI TRA PARTH F DIVI NER NEP TRAIANO

HADRIANO AVG 107) IMP CAES NER TRAIAN OPTIM AVG GERM DAC 108) IMP CAESAR AVGVSTVS 109) IMP CAESAR TRAIAN HADRIANVS AVG 110) IMP CAESAR TRAIANVS HADRIANVS AVG 111) IMP T AELIVS CAESAR ANTONINVS 112) INDVLGENTIA AVG 113) INDVLGENTIA AVG COS III PP 114) INDVLGENTIA AVG PP 115) IOVI CONSERVAT 116) IOVI CVSTODI 117) IOVI VICTORI 118) IOVIS OLYMPIVS 119) ITALIA 120) ITALIA FELIX 121) IVDAEA 122) IVSTITIA AVG 123) IVSTITIA AVG PP 124) L AELIVS CAESAR 125) LIBERALITAS AVG 126) LIBERALITAS AVG COS III PP 127) LIBERALITAS AVG III 128) LIBERALITAS AVG IIII 129) LIBERALITAS AVG PP 130) LIBERALITAS AVG VI 131) LIBERALITAS AVG VII 132) LIBERTAS PVBLICA 133) LOCVPLETATORI ORBIS TERRARVM 134) MARTI 135) MAVRETANIA 136) MONETA AVG 137) MONETA AVGVSTI 138) NILVS 139) PARTH F DIVI NER NEP PM TR P COS 140) PARTHIC DIVI NER NEP PM TR P 141) PARTHIC DIVI TRAIAN AVG F PM TR P COS PP 142) PATIENTIA AVGVSTI 143) PAX AVG 144) PIETAS AVG 145) PIETAS AVG COS III PP 146) PIETAS AVGVSTI 147) PIETATI AVG COS III PP 148) PLOTINAE AVG 149) PM TR P COS DES II 150) PM TR P COS DES III 151) PM TR P COS II 152) PM TR P COS III 153) PM TR POTES COS III 154) PONT MAX TR POT COS 155) PONT MAX TR POT COS DES II 156) PONT MAX TR POT COS DES III 157) PONT MAX TR POT COS II 158) PONT MAX TR POT COS III 159) PROVIDENTIA AVG 160) PROVIDENTIA AVGVSTI COS III 161) PROVIDENTIA DEORVM 162) RELIQVA VETERA H S NOVIES MILL ABOLITA 163) RESTITVTORI ACHAIAE 164) RESTITVTORI AFRICAE 165) RESTITVTORI ARABIAE 166) RESTITVTORI ASIAE 167) RESTITVTORI BYTHINIAE 168) RESTITVTORI GALLIAE 169) RESTITVTORI HISPANIAE 170) RESTITVTORI ITALIAE 171) RESTITVTORI LIBYAE 172) RESTITVTORI MACEDONIAE 173) RESTITVTORI NICOMEDIA 174) RESTITVTORI ORBIS TERRAR 175) RESTITVTORI ORBIS TERRARVM 176) RESTITVTORI PHRYGIAE 177) RESTITVTORI SICILIAE 178) ROMA 179) ROMA AETERNA 180) ROMA FELIX 181) ROMA FELIX COS III PP 182) ROMAE AETERNAE 183) ROMVLO CONDITORI 184) SABINA AVGVSTA 185) SABINA AVGVSTA HADRIANI 186) SALVS AVG 187) SALVS AVGVSTI 188) SALVS PVBLICA 189) SECVR PVB COS III PP

91 190) SECVRITAS AVG 191) SICILIA 192) SPES P R 193) SPQR 194) TELLVS STABIL 195) TRANQVILLITAS AVG 196) TRANQVILLITAS AVG COS III PP 197) TRANQVILLITAS AVG PP 198) TRIBVNIC POTESTAS COS III 199) VENERI GENETRICI

200) VENERIS FELICIS 201) VICTORIA AVG 202) VICTORIA AVGVSTI 203) VIRTVTI AVG 204) VIRTVTI AVGVSTI 205) VOT PVB 206) VOT PVB PM TR P COS III 207) VOTA PVBL 208) VOTA PVBLICA 209) No legend

Types:

1) Abundantia seated left, holding sickle over modius and cornucopia 2) Abundantia standing left, stepping on modius, holding sickle and cornucopia. 3) Aelius bare-headed bust right 4) Aequitas seated left, holding scale and cornucopia. 5) Aequitas standing left, holding scale and cornucopia. 6) Aequitas standing left, holding scale and scepter. 7) Aesculapius standing left, holding scepter with snake around it 8) Aeternitas standing left, holding heads of Sun and Moon 9) Africa lying left, holding grain ears and cornucopia 10) Africa lying left, holding scorpion and cornucopia; modius to left 11) Africa lying left, holding sistrum and resting arm on basket; modius to left 12) Africa lying left, resting arm on lion’s head 13) Alexandria lying left, holding grain ears and branch; grain ears on ground to left. 14) Alexandria standing left, holding sistrum and snake in basket. 15) Altar 16) Annona seated left, facing child with cornucopia; galley in background. 17) Annona seated right, facing child with cornucopia. 18) Annona seated right, holding cornucopia; modius with grain ears to lower right. 19) Annona standing left, holding grain ears and rudder; galley to left. 20) Annona standing left, holding grain ears over modius and cornucopia; galley prow to right 21) Annona standing left, holding grain ears over modius and rudder on galley prow 22) Annona standing right, hand on hip and holding cornucopia; modius with grain ears and galley prow to right. 23) Antoninus Pius bare headed, draped bust right 24) Antoninus Pius laureate bust right 25) Apollo standing left, holding raven and branch 26) Apollo standing right, holding deer and bow 27) Apollo standing right, holding plectrum and lyre 28) Asia standing left, stepping on galley prow, holding hook and rudder. 29) Britannia seated, facing, resting head on hand and holding scepter; shield to right 30) Caduceus 31) Cappadocia standing left, holding Mt. Argaeus and standard. 32) Capricorn standing right 33) Ceres advancing right, holding grain ears and scepter. 34) Ceres seated left, holding grain ears and cornucopia; modius to left 35) Ceres standing left, holding grain ears and scepter. 36) Ceres standing left, holding grain ears and torch. 37) Clementia standing left, holding patera and scepter. 38) Clementia standing left, sacrificing over altar and holding scepter. 39) Clementia standing left, sacrificing over altar and leaning on column, holding scepter. 40) Club 41) Concordia seated left, holding patera and resting arm on Spes 42) Concordia seated left, holding patera and resting arm on Spes; cornucopia below chair. 43) Concordia standing left, holding eagle and standard. 44) Concordia standing left, holding patera and scepter; galley prow to left. 45) Concordia standing left, leaning on column, holding patera and cornucopia. 46) Crescent; seven stars above 47) Crescent; star above 48) Crescent; star and dot above 49) Cybele seated left, holding patera over lion. 50) Dacia seated left, holding standard and scimitar 51) Diana standing right, holding arrow and bow. 52) Diana standing right, raising hand and holding bow; dog by feet. 53) Diana standing, facing, holding patera and bow; deer to left. 54) Eagle in center; peacock to left and owl on helmet to right. 55) Eagle standing right 56) Eagle standing right on globe 57) Eagle standing right on thunderbolt 58) Eagle standing right, standard on either side 59) Egypt lying left, holding sistrum and resting arm on bread basket; ibis to left. 60) Felicitas seated left, holding caduceus and cornucopia. 61) Felicitas seated left, holding cornucopia and branch. 62) Felicitas seated left, holding cornucopia and caduceus. 63) Felicitas standing left, holding branch and caduceus. 64) Felicitas standing left, holding branch and cornucopia. 65) Felicitas standing left, holding branch and scepter. 66) Felicitas standing left, holding caduceus and branch. 67) Felicitas standing left, holding caduceus and cornucopia. 68) Felicitas standing left, holding caduceus and cornucopia; wheel to lower left 69) Felicitas standing left, leaning on column, holding caduceus and cornucopia. 70) Felicitas standing right, holding caduceus and cornucopia. 71) Fides standing right, holding grain ears and fruit tray 72) Fortuna seated left, holding rudder and cornucopia 73) Fortuna seated left, holding rudder on globe and cornucopia 74) Fortuna standing left, holding patera and cornucopia 75) Fortuna standing left, holding patera and cornucopia with rudder on globe

92 76) Fortuna standing left, holding rudder and cornucopia. 77) Fortuna standing left, holding rudder on globe and cornucopia. 78) Fortuna standing left, leaning on column, holding rudder and cornucopia 79) Fortuna to left, holding rudder on globe across from Spes, holding flower and raising skirt. 80) Galley sailing left 81) Galley sailing right 82) Genius standing left, holding patera and cornucopia 83) Genius standing left, holding patera and grain ears. 84) Genius standing left, sacrificing over altar and holding cornucopia 85) Genius standing left, sacrificing over altar and holding grain ears. 86) Genius standing right on left, holding scepter, facing Genius to right, pouring cornucopia over altar and holding another cornucopia. 87) Genius standing right, stepping on globe, holding scepter and cornucopia. 88) Germania standing, facing, holding spear and resting hand on shield. 89) Germania standing, facing, resting hand on shield and holding spear. 90) Goat standing right, suckling child. 91) Grain ears 92) Griffin advancing left 93) Griffin advancing right 94) Griffin poised left. 95) Hadrian advancing right; (3) soldiers following, each holding a standard. 96) Hadrian advancing right; (4) soldiers following, each holding a standard. 97) Hadrian on horse to left, hailing (3) soldiers, each holding a standard 98) Hadrian on horse to right, hailing (3) soldiers, each holding a standard 99) Hadrian on horse to right, hailing (5) soldiers, each holding a standard 100) Hadrian riding eagle skywards 101) Hadrian riding horse left, raising hand 102) Hadrian riding horse left, raising hand and holding scepter 103) Hadrian riding horse right, holding spear 104) Hadrian riding horse right, raising hand. 105) Hadrian seated left, giving money to a citizen 106) Hadrian seated left, giving money to two citizens 107) Hadrian seated left, Liberalitas with coin counter in background, attendant gifting money to citizen on steps to lower left. 108) Hadrian seated left, raising hand; Liberalitas to left, pouring cornucopia into citizens’ togas. 109) Hadrian seated to right on pedestal facing woman to left, holding baby, with child to side. 110) Hadrian standing left on platform, raising hand, facing five citizens to left, raising hands; temple with four columns to right 111) Hadrian standing left on right, holding hand of kneeling Achaea to left; palm in vase between them. 112) Hadrian standing left on right, holding hand of kneeling Africa to left, holding grain ears; grain ears growing on ground between them. 113) Hadrian standing left on right, holding hand of kneeling Asia to left, holding scepter. 114) Hadrian standing left on right, holding hand of kneeling Bithynia to left, holding acrostolium. 115) Hadrian standing left on right, holding hand of kneeling Hispania to left, holding branch; rabbit on ground between them 116) Hadrian standing left on right, holding hand of kneeling Orbis to left 117) Hadrian standing left on right, holding hand of kneeling Phrygia to left, holding scimitar. 118) Hadrian standing left on right, holding hand of kneeling Sicilia to left, holding grain ears. 119) Hadrian standing left on right, receiving globe from Trajan to left 120) Hadrian standing left on right, sacrificing over altar; three citizens and sacrificial bull to left 121) Hadrian standing left on right, shaking hands with Roma to left, holding spear. 122) Hadrian standing left, holding rudder on globe and spear 123) Hadrian standing left, raising hand and holding spear; two standards to left, one to right. 124) Hadrian standing left, raising hand towards flying eagle bearing scepter. 125) Hadrian standing left, sacrificing over altar. 126) Hadrian standing right on left and Genius to right, sacrificing over altar between them. 127) Hadrian standing right on left, facing several soldiers 128) Hadrian standing right on left, facing two children; Judea to right standing left, sacrificing over altar. Third child to extreme right. 129) Hadrian standing right on left, holding globe with Trajan 130) Hadrian standing right on left, holding hand of kneeling Africa, holding grain ears; plants on ground between them. 131) Hadrian standing right on left, holding hand of kneeling Arabia. 132) Hadrian standing right on left, holding hand of kneeling Asia, holding scepter. 133) Hadrian standing right on left, holding hand of kneeling Bithynia, holding acrostolium. 134) Hadrian standing right on left, holding hand of kneeling Gallia 135) Hadrian standing right on left, holding hand of kneeling Hispania, holding branch; rabbit on ground between them. 136) Hadrian standing right on left, holding hand of kneeling Hispania; rabbit on ground in between them. 137) Hadrian standing right on left, holding hand of kneeling Italia, holding cornucopia. 138) Hadrian standing right on left, holding hand of kneeling Libya. 139) Hadrian standing right on left, raising hand, facing Africa, standing left, sacrificing over altar and holding cornucopia. 140) Hadrian standing right on left, raising hand, facing Africa, standing left, sacrificing over altar and holding cornucopia; calf by altar 141) Hadrian standing right on left, raising hand, facing Africa, standing left, sacrificing over altar and holding grain ears; calf by altar 142) Hadrian standing right on left, raising hand, facing Africa, standing left, sacrificing over altar and holding standard; calf by altar 143) Hadrian standing right on left, raising hand, facing Alexandria, standing left, sacrificing over altar and holding bird. 144) Hadrian standing right on left, raising hand, facing Arabia, standing left sacrificing over altar. 145) Hadrian standing right on left, raising hand, facing Asia, standing left, sacrificing over altar and holding scepter. 146) Hadrian standing right on left, raising hand, facing Bithinia, standing left, sacrificing over altar and holding rudder; calf by altar. 147) Hadrian standing right on left, raising hand, facing Cilicia, standing left, sacrificing over altar and holding standard. 148) Hadrian standing right on left, raising hand, facing Gallia, standing left, sacrificing over altar; calf by altar 149) Hadrian standing right on left, raising hand, facing Hispania, standing left, sacrificing over altar and holding branch. 150) Hadrian standing right on left, raising hand, facing Italia, standing left, sacrificing over altar and holding cornucopia. 151) Hadrian standing right on left, raising hand, facing Italia, standing left, sacrificing over altar and holding cornucopia; calf by feet or altar. 152) Hadrian standing right on left, raising hand, facing Judea, standing left, sacrificing over altar and child to either side of her; calf by feet or altar. 153) Hadrian standing right on left, raising hand, facing Judea, standing left, sacrificing over altar and child to either side of altar; calf by feet or altar. 154) Hadrian standing right on left, raising hand, facing Judea, standing left, sacrificing over altar and child to either side of her. 155) Hadrian standing right on left, raising hand, facing Macedonia, standing left, sacrificing over altar and holding whip. 156) Hadrian standing right on left, raising hand, facing Mauretania, standing left, sacrificing over altar and holding vexillum; calf by feet or altar. 157) Hadrian standing right on left, raising hand, facing Mauretania, standing left, sacrificing over altar and holding grain ears; calf by feet or altar. 158) Hadrian standing right on left, raising hand, facing Moesia, standing left, sacrificing over altar and holding quiver with arrows; calf by feet or altar. 159) Hadrian standing right on left, raising hand, facing Noricum, standing left, sacrificing over altar and holding standard; calf by feet or altar. 160) Hadrian standing right on left, raising hand, facing Phrygia, standing left, sacrificing over altar and holding scimitar; calf by feet or altar. 161) Hadrian standing right on left, raising hand, facing Sicilia, standing left, sacrificing over altar and holding grain ears; calf by feet or altar. 162) Hadrian standing right on left, receiving globe from Jupiter to right, holding thunderbolt; eagle between them. 163) Hadrian standing right on left, shaking hands with Felicitas to right, holding caduceus. 164) Hadrian standing right on left, shaking hands with Fortuna, seated to right, holding cornucopia

93 165) Hadrian standing right on left, shaking hands with Fortuna, standing to right, holding cornucopia 166) Hadrian standing right on left, shaking hands with Roma seated to right, holding spear. 167) Hadrian standing right on left, shaking hands with Roma standing to right, holding spear. 168) Hadrian standing right on left, shaking hands with Trajan to right 169) Hadrian standing right, raising hand, facing four soldiers to right; praetorian prefect to left 170) Hadrian standing right, stepping on crocodile, holding spear and parazonium. 171) Hadrian standing right, stepping on galley prow, holding spear and parazonium. 172) Hadrian standing, facing, under arch, holding phoenix on globe 173) Hercules seated left, holding club and two arrows. 174) Hercules seated right, holding club on shield and two arrows. 175) Hercules seated right, holding club on shield and Victory. 176) Hercules seated, facing, resting hand on club and holding distaff 177) Hercules standing right, resting hand on club and holding apple; galley prow to left and Tiber(?) to right. 178) Hercules standing right, resting hand on hip and holding club with lion skin. 179) Hilaritas standing left, holding palm and cornucopia; child on either side. 180) Hilaritas standing right, holding palm and touching head. 181) Hilaritas standing, facing, pulling veil with both hands 182) Hispania lying left, holding branch; rabbit to lower left. 183) Hispania lying left, holding branch; rabbit to lower right. 184) Indulgentia seated left, raising hand and holding scepter. 185) Italia standing left, holding scepter and cornucopia 186) Janus standing, facing, hand on hip and holding scepter. 187) Janus standing, facing, holding scepter and hand on hip. 188) Jupiter seated left, holding Diana Ephesia and scepter 189) Jupiter seated left, holding thunderbolt and scepter 190) Jupiter seated left, holding Victory and scepter. 191) Jupiter seated left, holding Victory and scepter; eagle by feet. 192) Jupiter seated right, holding scepter and Victory on globe; eagle by feet. 193) Jupiter standing left, holding eagle and scepter 194) Jupiter standing right, holding thunderbolt and scepter. 195) Jupiter standing, facing, holding axe and spear 196) Justitia seated left, holding patera and scepter 197) Liber standing left, pouring cup over panther and holding thrysus. 198) Liberalitas standing left, holding coin counter and cornucopia 199) Liberalitas standing right, pouring out cornucopia 200) Libertas seated left, holding branch and scepter 201) Libertas standing left, holding pileus and branch 202) Libertas standing left, holding pileus and cornucopia 203) Libertas standing left, holding pileus and scepter. 204) Lictor standing left, holding fasces, setting fire to documents. 205) Lictor standing left, holding fasces, setting fire to documents; two citizens to left, raising hands 206) Lictor standing left, holding fasces, setting fire to documents; three citizens to left, raising hands 207) Lictor standing right, holding fasces, setting fire to documents; two citizens to right, raising hands 208) Luna advancing right, holding torch in each hand. 209) Luna standing left, holding patera and torch; deer to left. 210) Lunus standing left, holding patera and scepter 211) Mars advancing right, holding spear and trophy 212) Mars standing left, holding spear and resting hand on shield. 213) Mauretania leading horse left and holding two spears 214) Mauretania leading horse right and holding two spears 215) Mauretania standing left, holding two spears and reins of horse behind 216) Mauretania standing right, holding reins of horse behind and two javelins. 217) Minerva advancing right, aiming spear and shield 218) Minerva seated left, holding Victory and scepter. 219) Minerva standing left, holding patera and spear with shield 220) Minerva standing left, holding spear and shield. 221) Minerva standing left, holding thunderbolt and spear; shield by feet. 222) Minerva standing left, raising hand and holding spear; tree to left, rabbit to lower left. 223) Minerva standing left, sacrificing over altar and holding spear. 224) Minerva standing left, sacrificing over candelabrum and, holding spear; snake on shield to side. 225) Minerva standing right, holding spear and resting hand on shield 226) Minerva standing right, holding spear and trophy 227) Minerva standing, facing, holding spear and shield 228) Modius with grain ears 229) Moneta standing left, holding scale and cornucopia 230) Nemeses (2) standing, facing each other, each pulling her dress 231) Nemesis advancing right, pulling dress and holding branch. 232) Nemesis standing left, holding sistrum; wheel by feet. 233) Nemesis standing left, pulling dress and holding purse; wheel by feet. 234) Nemesis standing right, pulling dress and resting hand on wheel. 235) Neptune sacrificing left over patera, holding trident. 236) Neptune standing left, holding dolphin and trident 237) Neptune standing left, stepping on galley prow, holding acrostolium and trident. 238) Neptune standing left, stepping on galley prow, holding acrostolium and dolphin 239) Neptune standing left, stepping on galley prow, holding scepter and dolphin 240) Neptune standing left, stepping on galley prow, holding trident and dolphin 241) Neptune standing left, stepping on galley prow, holding trident. 242) Neptune standing left, stepping on globe, holding acrostolium and dolphin 243) Neptune standing right, holding trident and seagull 244) Neptune standing right, stepping on galley prow, holding acrostolium and trident. 245) Neptune standing right, stepping on galley prow, holding dolphin and trident 246) Neptune standing right, stepping on galley prow, holding trident and dolphin 247) Neptune standing, facing, holding acrostolium and trident 248) Nilus lying left, holding reed and cornucopia with child hanging on; child riding hippopotamus to left, crocodile below. 249) Nilus lying left, holding reed and cornucopia; hippopotamus to left, crocodile below. 250) Nilus lying right, holding reed and cornucopia; child to left, child in center, child riding hippopotamus to right and crocodile below 251) Nilus lying right, holding reed and cornucopia; hippopotamus to right, crocodile below. 252) Nilus lying right, holding reed and cornucopia; reeds to right, crocodile below 253) Oceanus lying left, holding anchor.

94 254) Owl standing on helmet 255) Patientia seated left, raising hand and holding scepter 256) Pax seated left, holding branch and scepter. 257) Pax seated left, holding Victory and branch. 258) Pax standing left, holding branch and cornucopia 259) Pax standing left, holding branch and scepter 260) Pax standing left, stepping on galley prow, holding branch and cornucopia; anchor in left field. 261) Pegasus advancing left 262) Pegasus advancing right 263) Pietas seated left, holding patera and scepter. 264) Pietas standing left, raising hands 265) Pietas standing left, raising hands over altar 266) Pietas standing left, raising hands over altar; stork to right. 267) Pietas standing right, raising hands 268) Pietas standing right, raising hands over altar 269) Pietas standing, facing, raising hands 270) Providentia standing left, holding wand over globe and scepter. 271) Providentia standing left, leaning on column, raising hand over globe and holding cornucopia. 272) Providentia standing left, leaning on column, raising hand over globe and holding scepter 273) Providentia standing left, raising hand over globe and holding scepter. 274) Pudicitia advancing right. 275) Pudicitia seated left 276) Pudicitia standing left, pulling veil. 277) Pudicitia standing, facing 278) River god lying left, holding reed; water below 279) Roma seated left, holding branch and spear. 280) Roma seated left, holding branch and spear; shield to side. 281) Roma seated left, holding heads of Sun and Moon and spear; shield to side. 282) Roma seated left, holding Palladium and spear; shield to side. 283) Roma seated left, holding parazonium and spear 284) Roma seated left, holding Victory and cornucopia; shield to side 285) Roma seated left, holding Victory and spear; shield to side 286) Roma seated left, holding Victory and spear; snake on altar to right 287) Roma seated right, holding Victory and spear 288) Roma seated right; holding spear and parazonium; shield to side 289) Roma seated right; holding spear and shaking hands with Hadrian 290) Roma standing left, holding Palladium and spear 291) Roma standing left, holding Victory and spear 292) Roma standing right, holding spear and cornucopia. 293) Roma standing right, stepping on galley prow, holding spear and parazonium 294) Roma standing right, stepping on helmet, holding spear and cornucopia. 295) Roma standing right, stepping on helmet, holding spear and resting hand on shield 296) Roma standing right, stepping on helmet, holding Victory and cornucopia 297) Roma standing, facing, holding spear; Senate to left, Hadrian to right. 298) Romulus advancing right, holding spear and trophy. 299) Sabina draped bust left. 300) Sacrificial implements: knife, lituus, apex and simpulum on axe 301) Sacrificial implements: simpulum, cruet, lituus, etc. (variously arranged) 302) Salus seated left, feeding snake on altar 303) Salus seated left, feeding snake on altar and holding rudder on globe. 304) Salus seated left, sacrificing over altar 305) Salus standing left, feeding snake on altar and holding rudder on globe. 306) Salus standing left, feeding snake on altar and holding scepter. 307) Salus standing left, feeding snake on altar. 308) Salus standing left, sacrificing over altar and holding scepter. 309) Salus standing left, stepping on globe, holding patera and rudder. 310) Salus standing right, feeding snake on altar. 311) Salus standing right, holding and feeding snake. 312) Securitas seated left, holding cornucopia and resting head on hand. 313) Securitas seated left, holding scepter and resting head on hand. 314) Securitas seated right, resting head on hand and holding scepter 315) Sol radiate bust right 316) Sol riding quadriga left 317) Sol riding quadriga right 318) Spes advancing left, holding flower and raising skirt. 319) Spes standing left, holding flower and raising skirt. 320) Standards (3) 321) Statue of Artemis, grain ear on either side 322) Statue of Diana Ephesia, raising hands 323) Statue of Diana Ephesia, raising hands, deer on either side 324) Statue of Proserpina, holding grain ears 325) Statue of Venus, Cupid to lower right. 326) Tellus lying left, holding branch and leaning on fruit basket 327) Tellus lying left, holding resting hand on globe and leaning on fruit basket 328) Tellus standing left, holding plow handle and rake; two plants on right. 329) Temple with (10) columns 330) Temple with (2) columns, Hercules standing within, resting hand on club; attendant on either side; river god lying right below. 331) Temple with (2) columns, Hercules standing within, resting hand on club; river god lying left below. 332) Temple with (2) columns, Minerva holding patera and spear and shield by feet within 333) Temple with (2) columns, Proserpina within 334) Temple with (4) columns reading ROM S P AVG on frieze and COM BIT across fields; statue of Hadrian within, holding spear and Victory. 335) Temple with (4) columns, Apollo holding deer and bow within 336) Temple with (4) columns, Hercules standing within, resting hand on club and raising hand; indeterminate object below. 337) Temple with (4) columns, statue of Diana Ephesia within, raising hands 338) Temple with (4) columns, two Nemeses standing, facing each other within 339) Temple with (6) columns, statue of Ephesia within 340) Temple with (8) columns reading ROM S P AVG on frieze and COM BIT across fields. 341) Thunderbolt 342) Tiber lying left, holding rudder

95 343) Time(?) lying left, holding wheel. 344) Trajan bare headed bust right over diademed bust of Plotina 345) Trajan bust to left, facing bust of Plotina to right; star above each. 346) Trajan laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right 347) Trajan’s father seated left, holding branch and scepter. 348) Tranquillitas standing left, leaning on column, holding scepter 349) Triumphal arch 350) Trophy, shields at base. 351) Venus seated left 352) Venus seated left, holding Cupid and spear. 353) Venus standing, facing, holding Victory with trophy and resting hand on shield. 354) Vexillae (2) with standard on either side 355) Vexillum with standard on either side 356) Victory advancing right, holding trophy 357) Victory advancing left, holding wreath and palm. 358) Victory advancing right, holding wreath and palm. 359) Victory advancing right, pulling dress and holding branch. 360) Victory advancing right, raising hand to head and holding palm. 361) Victory seated left, holding wreath and palm 362) Victory standing left, holding eagle and palm. 363) Victory standing left, holding vexillum and palm 364) Victory standing left, holding wreath and palm. 365) Victory standing right, pulling dress and holding palm 366) Victory standing right, stepping on helmet, holding shield on palm. 367) Virtus standing left, holding parazonium and spear. 368) Virtus standing left, holding spear and parazonium. 369) Virtus standing left, stepping on helmet, holding parazonium and spear. 370) Virtus standing right, stepping on helmet, holding spear and parazonium 371) Virtus standing, facing, holding spear and resting hand on shield. 372) Weapons in a pile 373) Wolf standing left, suckling Romulus and Remus 374) Wolf standing right 375) Wolf standing right, suckling Romulus and Remus 376) Wreath, AELIANA PINCENSIA within 377) Wreath, COS III within 378) Wreath, IOVI OPTIMO MAXIMO SPQR within 379) Wreath, MET NOR within 380) Wreath, SC within 381) Wreath, SPQR AN FF HADRIANO AVG PP within 382) Wreath, VIC AVG within 383) Wreath, VOTA SVSCEPTA within

Mints:

1) Asia, locality uncertain 2) Bythinia, locality uncertain 3) Roma

AU Aureus Reference(s)

1) B02, O05, R122, T196 RIC II 252a, C 878 2) B02, O07, R047, T123 RIC II 204b, BMC 530, C 485 3) B03, O05, R104, T182 RIC II 305h, C 828 4) B04, O05, R028, T012 RIC II 298, BMC 808 5) B04, O05, R087, T071 RIC II 241, C 715 6) B08, O07, R045, T316 RIC II 168, BMC 378 7) B08, O07, R045, T373 Exe: III RIC II 193, BMC 448, C 422 8) B08, O29, R152, T247 RIC II 72, C 1079 9) B08, O29, R152, T331 RIC II 56, C 1083 10) B09, O24, R059, T346 RIC II 24b, BMC 45 11) B11, O07, R046, T102 RIC II 188e, BMC 439 12) B11, O08, R209, T104 Exe: COS III RIC II 348, C 410 13) B11, O14, R030, T343 RIC II 144, BMC 333, C 162 14) B11, O29, R151, T302 Exe: SALVS AVG RIC II 46, C 1349 15) B11, O29, R152, T286 BMC 133

AU Quinarius

16) B11, O07, R046, T302 RIC II 180, C 365

AR Tetradrachm

17) B02, O01, R091, T076 18) B02, O08, R046, T076 C 374 19) B02, O08, R046, T190 RIC II 499 20) B02, O08, R046, T192 RIC II 497, C 275 21) B02, O08, R046, T197 RIC II 485, C 323a 22) B02, O08, R046, T230 23) B02, O08, R046, T321 RIC II 510 24) B02, O08, R046, T323 RIC II 489 25) B02, O08, R053, T322 26) B02, O08, R052, T323 RIC II 527, C 539 27) B02, O08, R053, T323 RIC II 474

96 28) B02, O08, R209, T337 RIC II 475a 29) B04, O08, R046, T027 RIC II 482, C 285 30) B04, O08, R046, T053 31) B04, O08, R046, T193 C 275a 32) B04, O08, R046, T219 RIC II 503, C 294 33) B08, O08, R046, T284 RIC II 511, C 347f 34) B08, O15, R209, T340 RIC II 461a, C 240a

AR Denarius Reference(s)

35) B01, O05, R028, T010 RIC II 299g, C 139 36) B01, O07, R086, T080 Exe: COS III PP RIC II 209, C 653 37) B01, O07, R125, T199 38) B02, O05, R021, T121 RIC II 225, S 3455, C 84 39) B02, O05, R023, T059 RIC II 296a, C 96 40) B02, O05, R025, T006 RIC II 228, S 3457, C 122 41) B02, O05, R029, T014 RIC II 300, C 154 42) B02, O05, R031, T228 RIC II 230, C 170 43) B02, O05, R033, T028 RIC II 301, C 188 44) B02, O05, R046, T076 RIC II 379, C 376 45) B02, O05, R079, T066 RIC II 234a, C 614 46) B02, O05, R079, T163 RIC II 237, C 628 47) B02, O05, R082, T064 RIC II 238, S 3489, C 649 48) B02, O05, R087, T071 RIC II 241, C 716 49) B02, O05, R089, T165 RIC II 243, C 762 50) B02, O05, R090, T073 grain ear in exergue Curtis Clay collection 51) B02, O05, R092, T076 RIC II 244a, S 3494, C 762 52) B02, O05, R100, T088 RIC II 302, C 805 53) B02, O05, R104, T182 RIC II 305, C 822 54) B02, O05, R136, T229 RIC II 256a, S 3507, C 963 55) B02, O05, R138, T251 RIC II 309, C 989 56) B02, O05, R144, T265 RIC II 257a, C 1028 57) B02, O05, R159, T270 RIC II 261, C 1204 58) B02, O05, R159, T273 RIC II 262, S 3531, C 1201 59) B02, O05, R182, T282 RIC II 265, C 1312 60) B02, O05, R183, T298 RIC II 266a, C 1316 61) B02, O05, R186, T310 RIC II 267a, C 1334 62) B02, O05, R192, T319 RIC II 274, C 1411 63) B02, O05, R201, T361 RIC II 286a, S 3548, C 1461 64) B02, O07, R046, T314 Curtis Clay collection 65) B02, O07, R114, T184 Exe: COS III RIC II 212, C 846 66) B02, O07, R123, T196 Exe: COS III RIC II 215, C 894 67) B02, O07, R126, T199 RIC II 216, C 918 68) B02, O07, R145, T263 RIC II 218, C 1039 69) B03, O07, R037, T037 RIC II 606, C 221 70) B04, O05, R097, T165 RIC II 248 71) B04, O05, R201, T359 RIC II 282c, C 1455 72) B04, O07, R114, T184 Exe: COS III RIC II 213, C 857 73) B04, O07, R129, T199 RIC II 217, C 927 74) B04, O07, R147, T263 RIC II 219, C 1046 75) B04, O07, R196, T348 RIC II 222, C 1443 76) B06, O21, R139, T264 PIE TAS across fields RIC II 13, C 1023 77) B06, O26, R139, T042 Exe: CONCORD RIC II 9, C 248 78) B06, O26, R141, T196 Exe: IVSTITIA RIC II 6, C 875 79) B06, O29, R149, T042 Exe: CONCORD RIC II 17, C 251 80) B06, O29, R149, T196 Exe: IVSTITIA RIC II 19, C 876 81) B06, O29, R149, T258 Exe: PAX RIC II 21 82) B06, O29, R150, T302 Exe: SALVS AVG RIC II 51, C 1352 83) B06, O29, R151, T042 Exe: CONCORD RIC II 39, C 252 84) B06, O29, R151, T196 Exe: IVSTITIA RIC II 42, C 877 85) B06, O29, R151, T264 PIE TAS across fields RIC II 45, C 1027 86) B06, O29, R151, T267 VOT PVB across fields RIC II 47, C 1475 87) B06, O29, R152, T008 AETER AVG across fields RIC II 115, C 131 88) B06, O29, R152, T041 RIC II 82, C 1149 89) B06, O29, R152, T042 Exe: CONCORD RIC II 118b, C 255 90) B06, O29, R152, T067 FEL AVG across fields RIC II 119, C 599 91) B06, O29, R152, T067 FELIC AVG across fields RIC II 121, S 3487, C 601 92) B06, O29, R152, T067 RIC II 83, C 1143 93) B06, O29, R152, T076 RIC II 85, C 1157 94) B06, O29, R152, T078 RIC II 86b, S 3521, C 1155 95) B06, O29, R152, T085 RIC II 90a, C 1089 96) B06, O29, R152, T107 Exe: LIBERAL AVG / III RIC II 132, C 913 97) B06, O29, R152, T211 RIC II 67, S 3516, C 1073 98) B06, O29, R152, T257 RIC II 95, C 1148 99) B06, O29, R152, T259 RIC II 94, C 1123 100) B06, O29, R152, T267 VOT PVB across fields RIC II 52, C 1476 101) B06, O29, R152, T267 RIC II 97, S 3524, C 1116 102) B06, O29, R152, T269 RIC II 96, C 1115 103) B06, O29, R152, T270 PRO AVG across fields RIC II 133, S 3530, C 1198 104) B06, O29, R152, T277 PV DIC across fields RIC II 135, C 1260 105) B06, O29, R152, T284 RIC II 77c, C 1104 106) B06, O29, R152, T302 Exe: SAL AVG RIC II 137b, C 1326 107) B06, O29, R152, T302 Exe: SALVS AVG RIC II 139, C 1354 108) B06, O29, R152, T302 RIC II 98, C 1151 109) B07, O05, R186, T306 110) B07, O07, R037, T037 RIC II 206 111) B08, O05, R023, T059 RIC II 297, S 3456, C 99 112) B08, O05, R028, T010 RIC II 299d, C 138

97 113) B08, O05, R079, T066 RIC II 234d, C 615 114) B08, O05, R083, T080 Exe: AVGVSTI RIC II 240, C 712 115) B08, O05, R092, T074 RIC II 245 116) B08, O05, R092, T076 RIC II 244c, C 768 117) B08, O05, R097, T072 RIC II 247, C 783 118) B08, O05, R136, T229 RIC II 256d, C 966 119) B08, O05, R144, T263 RIC II 260 120) B08, O05, R144, T265 RIC II 257c, S 3513, C 1028 121) B08, O05, R168, T134 RIC II 324, C 1247 122) B08, O05, R169, T115 RIC II 327, C 1260 123) B08, O05, R169, T135 RIC II 326d, C 1270 124) B08, O05, R180, T279 RIC II 264, C 1304 125) B08, O05, R183, T298 RIC II 266c, S 3538, C 1317 126) B08, O05, R186, T302 RIC II 270, C 1342 127) B08, O05, R186, T306 RIC II 268, C 1329 128) B08, O05, R186, T310 RIC II 267d, C 1336 129) B08, O05, R194, T328 RIC II 276, C 1425 130) B08, O05, R201, T359 RIC II 282d, S 3547, C 1456 131) B08, O05, R201, T361 RIC II 286d, C 1461 132) B08, O05, R208, T125 RIC II 290, S 3550, C 1484 133) B08, O07, R046, T001 Exe: • RIC II 146 134) B08, O07, R046, T001 RIC II 170 135) B08, O07, R046, T002 RIC II 169, C 381 136) B08, O07, R046, T041 RIC II 172, S 3475, C 328 137) B08, O07, R046, T046 RIC II 202, C 465 138) B08, O07, R046, T048 RIC II 200, S 3484, C 460 139) B08, O07, R046, T051 RIC II 147, C 315 140) B08, O07, R046, T174 RIC II 149, C 330 141) B08, O07, R046, T175 RIC II 148, C 332 142) B08, O07, R046, T203 RIC II 175, C 374 143) B08, O07, R046, T217 RIC II 152 144) B08, O07, R046, T220 RIC II 154 145) B08, O07, R046, T228 RIC II 197 146) B08, O07, R046, T246 RIC II 155 147) B08, O07, R046, T274 Exe: • RIC II 179, C 394 148) B08, O07, R046, T275 RIC II 178, C 393 149) B08, O07, R046, T276 RIC II 176, C 392 150) B08, O07, R046, T280 RIC II 165, C 341 151) B08, O07, R046, T283 Exe: • RIC II 164, C 339 152) B08, O07, R046, T285 RIC II 161, S 3471, C 349 153) B08, O07, R046, T288 Exe: • RIC II 163, S 3472, C 337 154) B08, O07, R046, T300 RIC II 199, C 455 155) B08, O07, R046, T301 RIC II 398, C 454 156) B08, O07, R046, T319 RIC II 181, S 3479, C 390 157) B08, O07, R046, T361 RIC II 183, C 361 158) B08, O07, R046, T365 RIC II 182, C 358 159) B08, O07, R046, T370 RIC II 160, C 353 160) B08, O07, R180, T279 RIC II 220, C 1038 161) B08, O07, R189, T313 RIC II 221, S 3541, C 1399 162) B08, O08, R046, T001 RIC II 338, C 380 163) B08, O08, R046, T005 RIC II 399, C 382 164) B08, O08, R046, T047 RIC II 355, C 458 165) B08, O08, R046, T080 RIC II 351 166) B08, O08, R046, T225 RIC II 330d, C 295 167) B08, O08, R046, T275 RIC II 343, C 366 168) B08, O08, R046, T284 RIC II 333 169) B08, O08, R046, T288 RIC II 332, C 338 170) B08, O08, R046, T295 RIC II 337, C 354 171) B08, O08, R046, T361 RIC II 345, C 362 172) B08, O08, R152, T005 RIC II 381, C 1121 173) B08, O08, R152, T285 RIC II 380, C 1100 174) B08, O08, R197, T348 Curtis Clay collection 175) B08, O08, R209, T081 Exe: COS III RIC II 352 176) B08, O29, R151, T302 Exe: SALVS AVG RIC II 46, C 1330 177) B08, O29, R152, T005 RIC II 80, S 3520, C 1119 178) B08, O29, R152, T060 Exe: FEL P R RIC II 120, S 3486, C 600 179) B08, O29, R152, T078 RIC II 86a, S 3521, C 1155 180) B08, O29, R152, T080 RIC II 113a, C 1174 181) B08, O29, R152, T084 RIC II 88, S 3522, C 1094 182) B08, O29, R152, T085 RIC II 90b, C 1090 183) B08, O29, R152, T181 HI LAR and P R across fields RIC II 126, C 815 184) B08, O29, R152, T203 LIB PVB across fields RIC II 128, C 906 185) B08, O29, R152, T284 RIC II 77b, S 3591 186) B08, O29, R152, T302 Exe: LIB PVB RIC II 127a, C 903 187) B08, O29, R152, T302 Exe: SAL AVG RIC II 137a, S 3539, C 1324 188) B08, O29, R152, T306 SAL AVG across fields RIC II 138, C 1323 189) B08, O29, R152, T319 RIC II 100, C 1153 190) B08, O29, R152, T356 RIC II 101, S 3527, C 1131 191) B09, O21, R139, T072 Exe: FORT RED RIC II 10, C 749a 192) B09, O21, R139, T258 Exe: PAX 193) B09, O26, R141, T042 Exe: CONCORD RIC II 4, C 250 194) B09, O29, R151, T258 Exe: PAX RIC II 44, S 3511, C 1015b 195) B09, O29, R152, T302 Exe: SAL AVG RIC II 137c, C 1327 196) B10, O29, R152, T200 Exe: LIB PVB RIC II 127d, C 905b 197) B11, O08, R046, T005 RIC II 339e, S 3473, C 383 198) B11, O08, R046, T225 RIC II 330e, S 3468 199) B11, O08, R046, T301 C 456 200) B11, O08, R142, T255 201) B11, O26, R141, T168 Exe: ADOPTIO RIC II 3, C 4

98 202) B11, O29, R151, T072 Exe: FORT RED RIC II 41, S 3493, C 745 203) B11, O29, R152, T038 Exe: CLEM RIC II 117, S 3463 204) B11, O29, R152, T042 Exe: CONCORD RIC II 118c, C 255 205) B11, O29, R152, T080 RIC II 113c, C 1174 206) B11, O29, R152, T122 RIC II 110 207) B11, O29, R152, T194 RIC II 63, C 1059 208) B11, O29, R152, T200 Exe: LIB PVB RIC II 127c, C 904 209) B11, O29, R152, T217 RIC II 69, S 3517, C 1063 210) B11, O29, R152, T291 RIC II 76, C 1107 211) B13, O05, R029, T014 C 156b 212) B13, O05, R134, T212 C 951b 213) B13, O08, R112, T184 Exe: COS III RIC II 361 214) B13, O08, R122, T196 Exe: COS III RIC II 362 215) B13, O08, R195, T348 RIC II 367, C 1438 216) B13, O29, R152, T253 C 1111

AR Denarius (Posthumous) Reference(s)

217) B02, O03, R044, T056 RIC 389 (II, A. Pius), C 271

AR Quinarius

218) B06, O29, R152, T358 RIC II 103, C 1127 219) B06, O29, R152, T361 RIC II 108

AE Medallion

220) B11, O35, R137, T229 C 972

AE Sestertius

221) B04, O05, R003, T142 RIC II 872 222) B04, O05, R010, T148 Exe: SC RIC II 884, C 31 223) B04, O05, R012, T150 Exe: SC RIC II 888, S 3565, C 48 224) B04, O05, R015, T156 Exe: SC RIC II 897, C 63 225) B04, O05, R023, T059 Exe: SC RIC II 838, C 112 226) B04, O05, R168, T134 Exe: SC RIC II 950, C 1251 227) B04, O07, R084, T080 Exe: COS III PP RIC II 719, C 663 228) B04, O07, R085, T080 Exe: COS III C 699 229) B05, O08, R209, T231 RIC II 828, C 1373 230) B06, O12, R154, T072 Exe: FORT RED / SC 231) B06, O12, R155, T042 Exe: CONCORD RIC II 542 232) B06, O13, R050, T168 Exe: SC RIC II 534, C 523 233) B06, O31, R156, T020 Exe: ANNONA AVG RIC II 560, C 180 234) B06, O31, R157, T020 Exe: ANNONA AVG RIC II 548, C 178 235) B06, O31, R157, T042 Exe: CONCORDIA RIC II 550, C 264 236) B06, O31, R157, T072 Exe: FORT RED RIC II 551, C 756 237) B06, O31, R158, T067 RIC II 563 238) B06, O31, R158, T109 Exe: LIBERTAS RES / TITVTA RIC II 568, C 949 239) B06, O31, R158, T190 Exe: SC RIC II 561 240) B06, O35, R132, T200 Exe: SC RIC II 583, C 948 241) B06, O35, R146, T268 RIC II 587, C 1042 242) B06, O35, R161, T124 RIC II 589, C 1207 243) B06, O35, R162, T206 Exe: SC RIC II 592, C 1282 244) B06, O35, R162, T207 Exe: SC RIC II 593, C 1213 245) B06, O35, R174, T116 Exe: SC RIC II 594 246) B08, O05, R021, T167 Exe: SC RIC II 741, C 85 247) B08, O05, R023, T059 Exe: SC RIC II 839d, C 111 248) B08, O05, R025, T006 RIC II 743, C 125 249) B08, O05, R079, T068 RIC II 749, C 609 250) B08, O05, R209, T231 RIC II 779, C 1374 251) B08, O07, R046, T110 Exe: SC RIC II 640, C 417 252) B08, O07, R046, T237 RIC II 634 253) B08, O07, R046, T284 Exe: SC RIC II 636c, C 343 254) B08, O07, R049, T196 Exe: SC RIC II 710d, C 889 255) B08, O07, R086, T080 Exe: COS III PP RIC II 706 256) B08, O07, R152, T101 Exe: EXPED AVG RIC II 613a, C 592 257) B08, O08, R046, T073 Exe: FORT RED RIC II 969, C 729 258) B08, O08, R103, T179 Exe: COS III RIC II 970, C 819 259) B08, O08, R209, T379 RIC II 971, C 862 260) B11, O29, R152, T035 RIC III 610, C 1075 261) B12, O05, R176, T117 Exe: SC 262) B13, O05, R021, T167 Exe: SC RIC II 741, C 82 263) B13, O05, R028, T010 Exe: SC RIC II 840, C 144 264) B13, O05, R091, T074 RIC II 760, C 770 265) B13, O05, R096, T165 266) B13, O05, R163, T111 Exe: SC RIC II 938, C 1218 267) B13, O05, R209, T050 Exe: DACIA RIC II 849, C 528 268) B13, O05, R209, T096 Exe: DISCIPLINA AVG / SC RIC II 746, C 542 269) B13, O05, R209, T169 Exe: COHOR PRAETORI / SC 270) B13, O05, R209, T250 Exe: SC RIC II 781, C 1377 271) B13, O07, R046, T284 Exe: SC RIC II 636e, C 343 272) B13, O07, R047, T073 Exe: FORT RED RIC II 707, C 738 273) B13, O35, R136, T229 RIC II 586

99 AE Dupondius Reference(s)

274) B14, O31, R156, T020 Exe: ANNONA AVG RIC II 560, C 181 275) B14, O31, R157, T020 Exe: ANNONA AVG RIC II 555, C 179 276) B14, O31, R157, T072 Exe: FORT RED RIC II 557, C 759 277) B14, O35, R188, T309 RIC II 604, C 1358 278) B14, O35, R204, T370 279) B15, O07, R045, T262 Exe: SC / III RIC II 658, C 436 280) B15, O08, R103, T179 Exe: COS III RIC II 974, C 820 281) B15, O35, R146, T268 RIC II 608, C 1041 282) B17, O35, R137, T229 RIC II 600, C 977 283) B17, O35, R146, T268 RIC II 601

AE As

284) B01, O05, R170, T150 Exe: SC RIC II 957, C 1277 285) B02, O05, R031, T021 RIC II 796, C 166 286) B06, O31, R152, T258 RIC II 616b, C 1142 287) B06, O31, R157, T320 Exe: SC 288) B08, O05, R025, T006 RIC II 795 289) B08, O05, R031, T021 RIC II 797, C 165 290) B08, O05, R209, T217 RIC II 827, C 1359 291) B08, O07, R046, T292 RIC II 665 292) B08, O07, R046, T311 RIC II 669 293) B08, O07, R047, T294 RIC II 716, C 482 294) B08, O07, R048, T037 RIC II 714, C 510 295) B08, O07, R086, T080 Exe: COS III PP RIC II 719, C 667 296) B08, O07, R188, T307 Exe: COS III RIC II 678, S 3692, C 1357 297) B08, O08, R046, T311 RIC II 975 298) B08, O31, R152, T265 PIE AVG and S C across fields 299) B11, O35, R152, T258 RIC II 616d, C 1142 300) B13, O05, R028, T010 Exe: SC RIC II 840, C 144 301) B13, O05, R035, T031 RIC II 848, C 202 302) B13, O05, R092, T074 RIC II 812, C 773 303) B13, O05, R194, T327 Exe: SC RIC II 835, C 144 304) B13, O07, R046, T285 Exe: SC RIC II 666, C 346 305) B13, O07, R113, T184 Exe: SC RIC II 725

AE Semis

306) B11, O29, R152, T341 Exe: SC RIC II 619, C 1165 307) Ba, O31, R152, T341 Exe: SC RIC II 621, C 1166

Hadrian Busts

100

Hadrian Types

101

Hadrian Types (continued)

102

Hadrian Types (continued)

103

Hadrian Types (continued)

104

Sabina

b. ca.88 – d.137

Hadrian Types (continued)

Wife of Hadrian. Sabina was married to Hadrian at the age of twelve and the two never got along well. While Hadrian accused her of nagging the real problem seems to be her inability to accept her husband's relationship with Antinous, the young slave boy who was the true love of his life. The rumor mill of the time whispered that Hadrian had her commit suicide or that he poisoned her

himself. However, both these options seem unlikely in the face of her consecration by him as well as the fact that he had long before accepted his marriage. By the time she died he was gravely ill himself and would not survive her for more than a year.

Busts:

1) Diademed, draped bust left 2) Diademed, draped bust right (Style “A”: hair let down towards neck line) 3) Diademed, draped bust right (Style “B”: hair coiled up in bun) 4) Veiled, draped bust right with grain ears in veil

Obverses:

1) DIVA AVG SABINA 2) DIVA AVGVSTA SABINA 3) SABINA AVGVSTA 4) SABINA AVGVSTA HADRIANI AVG 5) SABINA AVGVSTA HADRIANI AVG PP 6) SABINA AVGVSTA IMP HADRIANI AVG PP

Reverses:

1) CONCORDIA AVG 2) CONCORDIA AVGVSTA 3) CONSECRATIO 4) COS III 5) INDVLGENTIA AVG PP 6) IVNONI REGINAE 7) MONETA AVG 8) PIETAS 9) PIETAS AVG 10) PIETATI 11) PVDICITIA 12) VENERI GENETRICI 13) VESTA 14) No legend

Types:

1) Altar 2) Ceres seated left, holding grain ears and torch. 3) Ceres seated left, holding grain ears and torch; modius to left.

Sabina is the earliest Roman empress that is easily found and affordable to most ancient coin collectors. Earlier emperors issued coins sporadically honoring their wives or other close relatives, often only posthumously, but these coins were often relegated to playing a minor role in the makeup of the available currency. It is a bit odd too considering that it was more or less an open secret how Sabina and Hadrian’s relationship was tense and distant. With some patience and luck one may find a good Denarius for around $50 on Ebay but the going rate seems to be two or three times that from a dealer or at a coin show. Bronzes typically survive in deplorable condition which while keeping prices down are more often than not relegated to “hole filler” status.

105 4) Concordia seated left, holding patera; cornucopia below. 5) Concordia seated left, holding patera and scepter; cornucopia below. 6) Concordia standing left, holding patera and cornucopia. 7) Concordia standing left, holding patera and two cornucopiae. 8) Concordia standing left, leaning on column, holding patera and cornucopia. 9) Crescent, star above. 10) Eagle standing left. 11) Indulgentia seated left, raising hand and holding scepter. 12) Juno standing left, extending hand and holding scepter. 13) Juno standing left, holding patera and cornucopia 14) Juno standing left, holding patera and scepter. 15) Juno standing left, holding patera and scepter; peacock by feet. 16) Pietas seated left, holding patera and scepter. 17) Pietas standing, facing, placing hands on head of a child on either side of her. 18) Pudicitia standing left, pulling veil. 19) Pudicitia standing left, raising hand. 20) Sabina riding eagle right 21) Venus standing left, pulling veil and holding apple. 22) Venus standing right, pulling veil and holding apple. 23) Venus standing right, pulling veil and holding Victory. 24) Venus standing right, leaning on column and with legs crossed, holding helmet and spear; shield behind column. 25) Vesta seated left, holding Palladium and scepter.

Mint:

1) Roma

AU Aureus Reference(s)

1) B1, O5, R01, T04 RIC 398 (II, Hadrian), BMC 901, C 13

AR Denarius

2) B1, O3, R04, T09 3) B1, O5, R01, T04 RIC 398a, l (II, Hadrian), S 3920 4) B1, O5, R06, T14 RIC 401b (II, Hadrian) 5) B2, O3, R01, T05 RIC 391 (II, Hadrian), C 24 6) B2, O3, R01, T07 RIC 390 (II, Hadrian), S 3918, C 3 7) B2, O3, R07, T07 Curtis Clay collection 8) B2, O3, R11, T22 RIC 396 (II, Hadrian), S 3924 9) B2, O3, R12, T25 10) B2, O5, R01, T04 RIC 398a, r (II, Hadrian), C 12 11) B2, O5, R01, T05 RIC 399 (II, Hadrian), C 25 12) B2, O5, R05, T11 Exe: COS III RIC 417 (II, Hadrian), C 36 13) B2, O5, R11, T18 RIC 407 (II, Hadrian), C 62 14) B2, O5, R13, T25 RIC 410 (II, Hadrian), S 3925, C 81 15) B3, O5, R14, T02 RIC 411 (II, Hadrian), C 91 16) B3, O5, R14, T19 RIC 415 (II, Hadrian), S 3931, C 95 17) B3, O5, R14, T24 RIC 412 (II, Hadrian), C 89 18) B3, O5, R14, T25 Exe: SC RIC 408 (II, Hadrian), C 64

AR Denarius (Posthumous)

19) B4, O1, R03, T10 RIC 421 (II, Hadrian), C 34 20) B4, O1, R10, T01 Exe: AVG RIC 422a (II, Hadrian), C 56

AE Sestertius

21) B2, O5, R12, T22 RIC 1035 (II, Hadrian), C 74 22) B2, O5, R13, T25 RIC 1036 (II, Hadrian), C 82 23) B3, O5, R01, T07 RIC 1017 (II, Hadrian), C 7 24) B3, O5, R14, T02 Exe: SC RIC 1019 (II, Hadrian), C 69

AE Dupondius

25) B3, O5, R14, T02 Exe: SC C 70

AE As

26) B1, O5, R01, T04 Exe: SC RIC 1037 (II, Hadrian), C 16 27) B3, O5, R14, T02 Exe: SC RIC 1023 (II, Hadrian), C 70

106

Sabina Busts

Sabina Types

107

Aelius

Caesar 136-137

Hadrian appointed Aelius as his Caesar to succeed him but died of illness shortly before his own death. Aelius would probably have made a fine emperor as he was well liked by Roman citizens and was a capable military leader.

Busts:

1) Bare head left 2) Bare head right 3) Bare headed, draped and cuirassed bust right 4) Bare headed, draped bust right

Obverse:

1) L AELIVS CAESAR

Reverses:

1) CONCORDIA 2) FELICITAS AVG 3) HISPANIA 4) TR POT COS II 5) TRIB POT COS II

Types:

1) Aelius standing on left, shaking hands with Roma seated on cuirass on right, holding spear. 2) Aelius standing on right, raising hand, facing Ceres to left, holding grain ears and torch 3) Aequitas standing left, holding scale and cornucopia 4) Concordia seated left, holding patera 5) Concordia seated left, holding patera; cornucopia under chair. 6) Concordia seated left, lying on cornucopia, holding patera 7) Concordia standing left, holding patera 8) Concordia standing left, holding patera and cornucopia. 9) Concordia standing left, leaning on column, holding patera. 10) Diana standing right, holding arrow and bow 11) Felicitas standing left, holding caduceus and cornucopia. 12) Fides standing right, holding grain ears and fruit basket 13) Fortuna standing left, holding flower and cornucopia; rudder to right 14) Hispania lying left, holding branch 15) Minerva standing left, holding Victory and spear with shield. 16) Pannonia standing, facing, holding standard 17) Pannonia standing, facing, holding vexillum 18) Pannonia standing, facing, holding vexillum and raising skirt. 19) Pietas standing left, raising hand and holding cornucopia 20) Pietas standing left, raising hand over altar and other hand over chest. 21) Pietas standing left, raising hand over altar. 22) Pietas standing left, sacrificing over altar and holding scepter 23) Pietas standing right, raising hand over altar 24) Pietas standing right, raising hand over altar and holding incense box. 25) Pietas standing right, raising hand over altar and other hand over chest. 26) Pietas standing, facing, raising hands, altar by feet. 27) Salus seated left, feeding snake on altar. 28) Salus standing left, feeding snake on altar and holding scepter 29) Spes advancing left, holding flower and raising skirt 30) Spes standing left, holding flower and raising skirt.

Mint:

1) Roma

AU Aureus Reference(s)

1) B1, O1, R4, T04 Exe: CONCORD RIC 443 (II, Hadrian), C 12 2) B1, O1, R4, T24 PIE TAS across fields RIC 444c (II, Hadrian), C 42

AU Quinarius 3) B2, O1, R3, T11 RIC 430 (II, Hadrian), C 51

Finding a coin of Aelius is a bit tricky. You’re not likely to just stumble onto one. He is equally well represented in silver and copper. The Denarii naturally tend to hold up better than the various bronze denominations but due to scarcity neither is abundantly available in the top grades. Given the wide states of preservation for the bronzes it’s difficult to pin down a price range. Suffice to say that any which is well enough preserved to be attributable will be marketable. For a worn Denarius expect to pay a minimum of $100 with $200-$500 being more typical.

108 AR Denarius Reference(s)

4) B2, O1, R1, T08 RIC 428 (II, Hadrian) 5) B2, O1, R3, T04 Exe: CONCORD RIC 436, (II, Hadrian) S 3967 6) B2, O1, R3, T11 RIC 430 (II, Hadrian), C 50 7) B2, O1, R3, T13 RIC 431 (II, Hadrian), C 52 8) B2, O1, R3, T24 PIE TAS across fields RIC 439 (II, Hadrian) 9) B2, O1, R3, T24 RIC 432 (II, Hadrian), C 53 10) B2, O1, R3, T30 RIC 435 (II, Hadrian) 11) B2, O1, R4, T04 Exe: CONCORD

AE Sestertius 12) B2, O1, R3, T27 Exe: SALVS RIC 1063 (II, Hadrian), C 44 13) B2, O1, R3, T30 RIC 1055 (II, Hadrian), C 56

AE Dupondius 14) B2, O1, R3, T13 RIC 1065 (II, Hadrian)

AE As 15) B2, O1, R3, T18 PANNO NIA across fields RIC 1071 (II, Hadrian), S 1217 16) B4, O1, R3, T29 RIC 1067 (II, Hadrian), C 59

Aelius Busts

Aelius Types

109

Antoninus Pius

Augustus 138-161

Antoninus succeeded Hadrian once the latter's death and gained the "Pius" suffix after his goodwill in securing a Senate proclamation consecrating Hadrian. Through a combination of good luck and an even-keeled, frugal personality, he was able to pull off the most exemplary and peaceful reign of any emperor before or since. He was more interested in modernizing Roman law and its infrastructure than on waging wars of conquest. After

his death he was consecrated himself and the empire started another slide into troubled times.

Busts: 1) Bare head left 2) Bare head right 3) Bare headed, cuirassed bust right 4) Bare headed, draped and cuirassed bust left 5) Bare headed, draped and cuirassed bust right 6) Bare headed, draped bust right 7) Laureate bust right 8) Laureate head left 9) Laureate head right 10) Laureate, cuirassed bust right 11) Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust left 12) Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right 13) Laureate, draped bust left 14) Laureate, draped bust right 15) Radiate head left 16) Radiate head right a) Eagle standing right

Obverses: 1) ANTONINVS AVG PIVS 2) ANTONINVS AVG PIVS COS III 3) ANTONINVS AVG PIVS P TR P XXII 4) ANTONINVS AVG PIVS PP 5) ANTONINVS AVG PIVS PP COS II 6) ANTONINVS AVG PIVS PP COS III 7) ANTONINVS AVG PIVS PP COS IIII 8) ANTONINVS AVG PIVS PP IMP II 9) ANTONINVS AVG PIVS PP TR P 10) ANTONINVS AVG PIVS PP TR P COS III 11) ANTONINVS AVG PIVS PP TR P COS IIII 12) ANTONINVS AVG PIVS PP TR P X 13) ANTONINVS AVG PIVS PP TR P XI 14) ANTONINVS AVG PIVS PP TR P XI COS IIII 15) ANTONINVS AVG PIVS PP TR P XII 16) ANTONINVS AVG PIVS PP TR P XIII 17) ANTONINVS AVG PIVS PP TR P XIIII 18) ANTONINVS AVG PIVS PP TR P XIX 19) ANTONINVS AVG PIVS PP TR P XV 20) ANTONINVS AVG PIVS PP TR P XVI 21) ANTONINVS AVG PIVS PP TR P XVII 22) ANTONINVS AVG PIVS PP TR P XVIII

23) ANTONINVS AVG PIVS PP TR P XX 24) ANTONINVS AVG PIVS PP TR P XXI 25) ANTONINVS AVG PIVS PP TR P XXII 26) ANTONINVS AVG PIVS PP TR P XXIII 27) ANTONINVS AVG PIVS PP TR P XXIIII 28) ANTONINVS AVG PIVS TR P COS II 29) ANTONINVS AVGVSTVS PIVS 30) DIVO PIO 31) DIVVS ANTONINVS 32) IMP ANTONINVS AVGVSTVS 33) IMP CAES AEL ANTONINVS AVG 34) IMP CAES AELIVS ANTONINVS AVG 35) IMP CAES T AEL HADR ANTONINVS AVG PIVS PP 36) IMP II 37) IMP T AEL CAES ANTONINVS 38) IMP T AEL CAES ANTONINVS AVG 39) IMP T AEL CAES HADR ANTONINVS 40) IMP T AEL CAES HADR ANTONINVS AVG PIVS 41) IMP T AEL CAES HADRI ANTONINVS 42) IMP T AEL CAES HADRI ANTONINVS AVG PIVS 43) IMP T AEL CAES HADRI ANTONINVS PIVS 44) IMP T AEL CAESAR HADR ANTONINVS 45) IMP T AELIVS CAESAR ANTONINVS

Reverses: 1) AED DIVI AVG REST 2) AEDE DIVI AVG REST 3) AEQVITAS AVG 4) AETERNITAS 5) AFRICA COS II 6) ALEXANDRIA 7) ALEXANDRIA COS II 8) ANNONA AVG 9) ANNONA AVG COS IIII 10) ANNONA AVG FELIX 11) APOLLINI AVGVSTO 12) ASIA COS II 13) AVG PIVS PM TR P COS DES II 14) AVG PIVS PM TR P COS II 15) AVG PIVS PM TR P COS II PP 16) AVGVSTA 17) AVRELIVS CAES AVG F COS 18) AVRELIVS CAES AVG P II F COS 19) AVRELIVS CAES AVG P II F COS DES 20) AVRELIVS CAES AVG P II P COS 21) AVRELIVS CAESAR AVG P II F COS 22) AVRELIVS CAESAR AVG P II F COS DES 23) BONO EVENTVI

24) BONO EVENTVI COS II 25) BONVS EVENTVS COS IIII 26) BRITANNIA 27) BRITANNIA COS IIII 28) CAPPADOCIA 29) CLEMENTIA AVG 30) CONCORD COS IIII 31) CONCORDIA AVG 32) CONCORDIA EXERCITVM 33) CONCORDIA EXERCITVVM 34) CONCORDIAE 35) CONG AVG VIIII COS IIII 36) CONSECRATIO 37) COS II 38) COS III 39) COS III DES IIII 40) COS IIII 41) COS IIII LIB V 42) COS IIII LIBERAL AVG V 43) COS IIII VOTA 44) DACIA 45) DARDANICI 46) DES IIII

Another long-reigning emperor at the height of the Pax Romana translates into a great deal of numismatic material available left over from the days of Mr. Pius. The Denarius spearheads the list, a nice one of which can be purchased for well under a hundred dollars. Copper comes in all shapes, sizes, colors and conditions range from the eyesore to the breathtaking with corresponding price tags. And for when a splurge is warranted even the golden Aureus is not too hard to find for a few thousand dollars.

110 47) DISCIPLIN AVG 48) DISCIPLINA AVG 49) DIVA FAVSTINA 50) DIVO PIO 51) FELIC SAEC COS IIII 52) FELICITAS AVG 53) FELICITAS AVG COS II 54) FELICITAS AVGVSTI 55) FELICITAS COS IIII 56) FELICITATI AVG COS IIII 57) FIDES EXERC COS IIII 58) FORTVNA AVG 59) FORTVNA AVG COS II 60) FORTVNA AVGVSTI COS II 61) FORTVNA COS IIII 62) FORTVNA OBSEQVENS 63) FORTVNA OPSEQVENS 64) GENIO SENATVS 65) GENIVS POP ROMANI 66) GENIVS POPVLI ROMANI 67) HILARITAS 68) HISPANIA 69) HONORI AVG COS IIII 70) IMP II 71) IMPERATOR 72) IMPERATOR II 73) IMPERATOR II BRITAN 74) IMPERATOR II BRITANNIA 75) IMPERATOR II MARTI VLT 76) INDVLGENTIA AVG COS IIII 77) IOVI LATIO 78) IOVI STATORI 79) ITALIA 80) IVNONI SISPITAE 81) LAETITIA COS IIII 82) LIB IIII 83) LIBERALITAS 84) LIBERALITAS AVG II 85) LIBERALITAS AVG III 86) LIBERALITAS AVG IIII COS IIII 87) LIBERALITAS AVG V 88) LIBERALITAS AVG VIIII COS IIII 89) LIBERALITAS AVGVS 90) LIBERALITAS COS II 91) LIBERALITAS IIII 92) LIBERALITAS V COS IIII 93) LIBERALITAS VII COS IIII 94) LIBERT 95) LIBERTAS COS IIII 96) LIBERTAS PVBLICA 97) LIBERTAS PVBLICA COS II 98) MARTI VLTORI 99) MAVRETANIA 100) MAVRETANIA COS III 101) MONETA AVG 102) MONETA AVGVSTI 103) MONETA AVGVSTI COS II 104) MVNIFICENTIA AVG COS IIII 105) OPI AVG 106) P II PP TR POT II COS II 107) PACI AVG COS IIII 108) PARTHIA 109) PAX AVG 110) PAX AVG COS IIII 111) PHOENICE 112) PIETAS AVG 113) PIETATI AVG COS IIII 114) PM TR P COS II 115) PM TR P IIII COS III PP 116) PM TR POT COS 117) PM TR POT COS DES II 118) PM TR POT COS II 119) PM TR POT COS III 120) PM TR POT COS IIII LIB III 121) PM TR POT XX COS IIII 122) PM TR POT XXI COS IIII LIB VIII 123) PONT MAX TR POT COS 124) PP TR P COS III 125) PRIMI DECENNALES 126) PROVIDENTIA DEORVM 127) PROVIDENTIAE DEORVM 128) REX ARMENIIS DATVS 129) REX QVADIS DATVS

130) ROMA AETERNA 131) ROMA COS IIII 132) ROMAE AETERNAE 133) ROMVLO AVGVSTO 134) SALVS AVG 135) SALVS AVG COS II 136) SALVS AVG COS IIII 137) SALVS AVGVSTI 138) SALVS PVBLICA 139) SALVTI AVG COS IIII 140) SCYTHIA 141) SECVRITAS AVG 142) SECVRITAS PVBLICA 143) SICILIA 144) SICILIA COS II 145) SPES PR 146) SYRIA 147) TEMPL DIV AVG REST 148) TEMPL DIVI AVG REST 149) TEMPLVM DIV AVG REST 150) TEMPLVM DIVI AVG REST 151) TEMPORVM FELICITAS 152) TIBERIS 153) TR P COS II 154) TR P COS III 155) TR P COS III DES IIII 156) TR P COS IIII IMP III 157) TR POT COS II 158) TR POT COS II G P R 159) TR POT COS II PAX 160) TR POT COS III 161) TR POT COS III DES IIII 162) TR POT COS III ITALIA 163) TR POT COS III TIBERIS 164) TR POT COS III VICT AVG 165) TR POT COS IIII 166) TR POT COS IIII ITALIA 167) TR POT COS IIII IVSTITIA 168) TR POT COS IIII LIBERALITAS AVG VIIII 169) TR POT COS IIII VICT AVG 170) TR POT XI COS IIII 171) TR POT XII COS IIII 172) TR POT XIIII COS IIII 173) TR POT XIIII COS IIII ANNONA AVG 174) TR POT XIIII COS IIII IVSTITIA 175) TR POT XIIII COS IIII MON AVG 176) TR POT XIIII COS IIII PIETAS 177) TR POT XIIII COS IIII PIETATI 178) TR POT XIIII COS IIII ROMA 179) TR POT XIX COS IIII 180) TR POT XV COS IIII 181) TR POT XV COS IIII ANNONA AVG 182) TR POT XV COS IIII ROMA 183) TR POT XVII COS IIII ANNONA AVG 184) TR POT XVIIII COS IIII ANNONA AVG 185) TR POT XX COS IIII 186) TR POT XXI COS IIII 187) TR POT XXI COS IIII LIB VIII 188) TR POT XXII COS IIII 189) TR POT XXIII COS IIII 190) TR POT XXIIII COS IIII 191) TRANQVILLITAS AVG 192) TRIB POT COS 193) TRIB POT COS DES II 194) TRIB POT COS DES II CONCORD 195) TRIB POT COS II PAX 196) TRIB POT COS III 197) TRIB POT COS PIETAS 198) VENERI FELICI 199) VICTORIA AVG 200) VICTORIA AVG 201) VICTORIA AVGVSTI 202) VIRTVS AVG 203) VOTA 204) VOTA SOL DEC II 205) VOTA SOL DECENN II 206) VOTA SVSCEP DEC III 207) VOTA SVSCEP DECENN III 208) VOTA SVSCEPTA DEC III 209) VOTA SVSCEPTA DECENNAL III 210) VOTA VIGENNALIA 211) No legend

111 Reverses: 1) Aeneas advancing right, carrying Anchises and holding hand of Ascanius to left 2) Aequitas standing left, holding scale and cornucopia 3) Aeternitas standing left, holding caduceus and phoenix on globe. 4) Aeternitas standing left, holding globe and pulling veil. 5) Aeternitas standing left, holding globe and scepter 6) Africa standing left, holding basket and cornucopia; lion’s head to lower left. 7) Africa standing left, holding crown and cornucopia 8) Africa standing left, holding crown and grain ears. 9) Alexandria standing left, holding crown and ibis. 10) Alexandria standing right 11) Altar. 12) Annona seated left, holding grain ears over modius and cornucopia. 13) Annona seated right, holding cornucopia 14) Annona seated right, holding cornucopia; modius to right. 15) Annona standing left, holding grain ears and anchor. 16) Annona standing left, holding grain ears and cornucopia 17) Annona standing left, holding grain ears and resting hand on modius on galley prow. 18) Annona standing left, holding grain ears and rudder. 19) Annona standing left, holding grain ears over modius and anchor 20) Annona standing left, holding grain ears over modius and rudder on galley prow. 21) Annona standing left, holding grain ears over modius and scepter. 22) Annona standing left, holding modius on cippus and grain ears over modius. 23) Annona standing left, holding tablet and rudder; in background, modius on galley prow to left and lighthouse to right. 24) Annona standing right, holding grain ears over modius and cornucopia; galley prow to right. 25) Annona standing right, resting hand on modius and holding branch over fruit basket 26) Annona standing right, stepping on galley prow, holding rudder on globe and modius 27) Antoninus Pius advancing right with one soldier to right and three to left 28) Antoninus Pius and Marcus Aurelius riding quadriga left 29) Antoninus Pius and Marcus Aurelius seated left on platform with a lictor standing on either side of platform. 30) Antoninus Pius riding horse left, raising hand and holding parazonium 31) Antoninus Pius riding horse left, raising hand and holding spear. 32) Antoninus Pius riding quadriga left, holding scepter with eagle atop. 33) Antoninus Pius riding quadriga of elephants left, holding branch. 34) Antoninus Pius seated left on platform facing Liberalitas to left, holding coin counter and cornucopia; citizen to far left 35) Antoninus Pius seated left on platform with Liberalitas to left, holding coin counter and cornucopia and lictor to right; citizen to far left 36) Antoninus Pius seated left, crowning King of Armenia 37) Antoninus Pius seated left, holding branch and scepter. 38) Antoninus Pius seated left, holding globe; being crowned by Victory hovering to right 39) Antoninus Pius standing left on right, touching Armenian king to left 40) Antoninus Pius standing left, holding branch and spear. 41) Antoninus Pius standing left, holding coin counter 42) Antoninus Pius standing left, holding globe. 43) Antoninus Pius standing left, sacrificing over altar 44) Antoninus Pius standing left, sacrificing over altar; bull by altar. 45) Antoninus Pius standing right on left, holding Concordia, shaking hands with Faustina I to right 46) Antoninus Pius standing right on left, holding Concordia, shaking hands with Faustina I to right; Marcus Aurelius and Faustina below in center, also shaking

hands. 47) Antoninus Pius standing right, sacrificing over altar; two witnesses to right and temple in background. 48) Apollo seated left, holding branch; statue on column to right 49) Apollo standing, facing, holding patera and lyre. 50) Asia standing left, holding crown and anchor. 51) Asia standing left, holding crown and anchor; galley prow to left. 52) Britannia seated left, holding spear. 53) Britannia seated left, holding standard and spear; shield to right 54) Britannia seated left, holding standard. 55) Britannia seated left, resting head on hand; shield and scepter to left 56) Cappadocia standing left, holding crown and vexillum. 57) Capricornii (2) back to back over globe 58) Ceres seated left, holding scepter and grain ears. 59) Ceres seated left, holding torch and grain ears. 60) Ceres standing right on left, holding grain ears next to Proserpina to right, holding pomegranate. 61) Clementia seated left, holding patera and scepter. 62) Clementia standing left, holding patera and raising skirt. 63) Clementia standing left, holding patera and scepter 64) Club and winged caduceus, crossed. 65) Column with statue of Antoninus Pius atop. 66) Concordia seated left, holding patera and resting arm on Spes 67) Concordia standing left, holding patera and scepter 68) Concordia standing left, holding patera and two cornucopiae 69) Concordia standing left, holding standard in each hand 70) Concordia standing left, holding vexillum and cornucopia 71) Concordia standing left, holding Victory and standard 72) Concordia standing left, leaning on column, holding patera 73) Concordia standing, facing, holding scepter and cornucopia 74) Cornucopia 75) Cornucopiae (2), crossed, caduceus in between. 76) Cornucopiae (2), crossed, child’s head atop each. 77) Cornucopiae (2), crossed, winged caduceus in between. 78) Eagle standing center on thunderbolts with owl on globe to left and peacock to right 79) Eagle standing center with owl to left and peacock to right 80) Eagle standing center with peacock to left and owl to right 81) Eagle standing left on globe 82) Eagle standing right 83) Eagle standing right on altar 84) Eagle standing right on globe. 85) Elephant advancing left.

112 86) Elephant advancing right. 87) Faustina I draped bust right 88) Felicitas standing left, holding branch and caduceus 89) Felicitas standing left, holding caduceus and branch 90) Felicitas standing left, holding caduceus and cornucopia 91) Felicitas standing left, holding capricornus and caduceus. 92) Felicitas standing left, holding globe and cornucopia 93) Felicitas standing left, leaning on column, holding caduceus 94) Felicitas standing left, leaning on column, holding globe and cornucopia 95) Fides standing left, holding standard in each hand. 96) Fides standing right, holding grain ears and fruit dish 97) Fides standing, facing, holding a standard in each hand. 98) Fortuna standing left, holding rudder and cornucopia. 99) Fortuna standing left, holding rudder on globe and cornucopia. 100) Fortuna standing right, holding rudder and cornucopia. 101) Fortuna standing right, holding rudder on globe and cornucopia. 102) Funeral pyre. 103) Genius standing left, holding branch and scepter. 104) Genius standing left, holding patera and grain ears. 105) Genius standing left, sacrificing over altar and holding cornucopia. 106) Genius standing left, sacrificing over altar and holding grain ears. 107) Genius standing, facing, holding scepter and cornucopia. 108) Hands, in handshake, grasping winged caduceus and grain ears. 109) Hercules seated on cuirass, facing, holding club and arrows. 110) Hercules standing left, holding club and bow with arrow. 111) Hilaritas standing left, holding palm and cornucopia. 112) Hispania standing left, holding crown and branch; rabbit by feet. 113) Honos standing, facing, holding branch and cornucopia 114) Honos standing, facing, holding rudder and cornucopia. 115) Indulgentia seated left, raising hand and holding scepter. 116) Italia seated left on globe, holding cornucopia and scepter. 117) Janus standing, facing, holding scepter. 118) Juno advancing right, aiming spear and holding spear; snake to right 119) Jupiter seated left, holding thunderbolt and scepter. 120) Jupiter seated left, holding Victory and scepter 121) Jupiter standing left, holding thunderbolt and scepter; eagle to left. 122) Jupiter standing, facing, holding scepter and thunderbolt. 123) Jupiter standing, facing, holding thunderbolt and scepter 124) Jupiter standing, facing, resting hand on hip and holding scepter; eagle to lower right. 125) Justitia seated left, holding patera and globe. 126) Justitia seated left, holding patera and scepter. 127) Liberalitas standing left, holding coin counter and cornucopia 128) Liberalitas standing left, holding coin counter and scepter 129) Liberalitas standing left, holding coin counter and vexillum 130) Liberalitas standing left, holding vexillum and cornucopia 131) Liberalitas standing left, pouring out cornucopia. 132) Libertas standing left, holding pileus and scepter 133) Libertas standing left, raising hand and holding pileus. 134) Libertas standing right, holding pileus and raising hand. 135) Luna (Diana) standing right, holding arrow and bow 136) Marcus Aurelius bare head left 137) Marcus Aurelius bare head right 138) Marcus Aurelius bare headed, draped and cuirassed bust left 139) Marcus Aurelius bare headed, draped and cuirassed bust right 140) Marcus Aurelius bare headed, draped bust left 141) Marcus Aurelius bare headed, draped bust right 142) Marcus Aurelius laureate head right. 143) Mars advancing right, holding spear and trophy. 144) Mars hovering right on left, facing Rhea Sylvia lying left 145) Mars standing left, holding Victory and spear. 146) Mars standing right, holding spear and resting hand on shield. 147) Mars standing right, holding spear with shield 148) Mauretania standing left, holding crown and spear. 149) Mauretania standing left, holding crown and two spears. 150) Minerva advancing right, aiming javelin and holding shield. 151) Minerva standing left, holding Victory and spear with shield. 152) Modius with grain ears 153) Moneta standing left, holding scale and cornucopia. 154) Munificentia standing left, holding wreath and scepter; lion by feet. 155) Ops seated left, holding scepter and pulling veil 156) Ops seated left, resting hand on globe and cradling scepter. 157) Parthia standing left, holding crown and quiver with arrows and bow. 158) Pax seated left, holding branch and scepter 159) Pax standing left, holding branch and cornucopia. 160) Pax standing left, holding branch and scepter. 161) Pax standing left, setting fire to pile of weapons and holding torch. 162) Phoenicia standing left, holding wreath and scepter; galley prow to left and palm tree to right. 163) Pietas seated left, holding patera and scepter. 164) Pietas standing left, holding baby in each arm; child on either side. 165) Pietas standing left, holding globe and baby, child on either side. 166) Pietas standing left, raising hand over altar 167) Pietas standing left, sacrificing over altar and holding incense box 168) Pietas standing right, sacrificing over altar and holding incense box. 169) Pietas standing, facing, holding deer hind quarter and fruit basket over modius. 170) Pig with piglets kneeling right under tree 171) Providentia standing left, raising hand over globe and holding scepter. 172) Roma seated left leaning on shield on galley prow, holding Victory and spear 173) Roma seated left, holding Palladium and spear; shield to side. 174) Roma seated left, holding spear; shield to side

113 175) Roma seated left, holding Victory and spear 176) Roma seated left, holding Victory and spear; shield to side. 177) Romulus advancing right, holding spear and trophy. 178) Sacrificial implements: simpulum, cruet, lituus, etc. (variously arranged) 179) Salus seated left, feeding snake on altar 180) Salus seated left, feeding snake on altar and holding rudder on globe 181) Salus seated left, feeding snake on altar and holding scepter. 182) Salus standing left, feeding snake on altar 183) Salus standing left, feeding snake on altar and holding rudder on globe. 184) Salus standing left, feeding snake on altar and holding scepter. 185) Salus standing right, holding and feeding snake 186) Scythia standing left, holding crown and grain ears. 187) Securitas seated left, holding patera. 188) Securitas seated left, holding scepter 189) Securitas seated left, holding scepter and resting head on hand. 190) Securitas seated right, resting head on hand and holding scepter 191) Securitas standing left, leaning on column, holding scepter. 192) Shields (2) with extensions top and bottom. 193) Spes advancing left, holding flower and raising skirt. 194) Standards (3) 195) Syria standing left, holding crown and cornucopia. 196) Temple with (2) columns, Antoninus Pius standing within, holding scepter with eagle atop and branch 197) Temple with (4) columns, Vesta standing within, holding branch and Palladium 198) Temple with (8) columns, Augustus and Livia within 199) Temple with ten columns 200) Temple with ten columns, Roma seated within. 201) Thracia standing left, holding crown and palm. 202) Throne with winged thunderbolt 203) Thunderbolt, winged 204) Tiber lying left, holding reed. 205) Tranquilitas standing left, holding rudder and grain ears. 206) Tranquilitas standing right, holding rudder and grain ears. 207) Venus standing left, holding apple and cornucopia. 208) Vesta seated left, holding Palladium and scepter. 209) Vesta standing left, holding simpulum and Palladium. 210) Vesta standing left, sacrificing over altar and holding Palladium 211) Victory advancing left, holding shield reading BRITAN 212) Victory advancing left, holding shield reading SPQR 213) Victory advancing left, holding wreath and palm. 214) Victory advancing right, holding trophy 215) Victory advancing right, holding wreath and palm. 216) Victory flying left, placing opened wreath on shield on column. 217) Victory riding quadriga right. 218) Victory seated left, holding patera and palm 219) Victory seated left, holding wreath and palm 220) Victory standing left on globe, holding wreath and palm 221) Victory standing left, holding wreath and palm 222) Virtus standing left, holding spear and parazonium 223) Virtus standing right, stepping on globe, holding spear and parazonium 224) Wolf standing left, suckling Remus and Romulus 225) Wolf standing right, suckling Remus and Romulus 226) Wolf standing right, suckling Remus and Romulus; cave ceiling above 227) Wolf standing right, suckling Remus and Romulus; tree in background. 228) Wreath, AN F F OPTIMO PRINCIPI within. 229) Wreath, PRIMI / DECEN / COS IIII within 230) Wreath, PRIMI / DECEN / NALES / COS IIII within. 231) Wreath, SECVND DECEM ANNALES COS IIII within. 232) Wreath, SPQR / OPTIMO / PRINCIPI within 233) Wreath, SPQR AMPLIATORI CIVIVM within 234) Wreath, SPQR AN F F OPTIMO PRINCIPI within 235) Wreath, TR POT / XIX / COS IIII within.

Mint: 1) Roma

AU Aureus Reference(s) 1) B02, O15, R040, T002 RIC III 177, C 237 2) B02, O17, R081, T060 RIC III 199a, C 477 3) B02, O35, R180, T042 RIC III 214 4) B02, O35, R180, T160 Exe: PAX RIC III 216a 5) B02, O37, R192, T066 Exe: CONCORD RIC 453 (III, Hadrian), C 477 6) B02, O39, R013, T166 RIC III 14b 7) B08, O10, R018, T141 RIC III 421c 8) B08, O10, R021, T137 C 20 9) B08, O10, R211, T223 RIC III 105a, C 1172 10) B08, O11, R165, T151 RIC III 158, C 1147 11) B08, O19, R040, T042 RIC III 206, C 305 12) B08, O21, R040, T042 RIC III 233e, C 314 13) B09, O08, R185, T213 RIC III 266, C 1013 14) B09, O10, R021, T137 15) B09, O10, R134, T181 16) B09, O11, R211, T034 Exe: LIB IIII RIC III 141, C 495 17) B09, O15, R040, T002 RIC III 48, C 239

114 18) B09, O19, R093, T129 RIC III 207 19) B09, O20, R040, T042 RIC III 226c, C 309 20) B09, O25, R208, T043 Exe: COS IIII RIC III 294a 21) B14, O04, R165, T173 RIC III 147d 22) B14, O15, R151, T076 Exe: COS IIII RIC III 185, C 812 23) B14, O21, R040, T042 RIC III 233a

AU Aureus (Posthumous) Reference(s) 24) B02, O31, R036, T102 RIC 435 (III, M. Aurelius), C 163

AR Antoninianus (Posthumous) 25) B16, O30, R036, T011 RIC 90 (IViii, Trajan Decius), C 1189

AR Denarius 26) B01, O41, R013, T002 RIC III 10d, C 78 27) B02, O04, R153, T215 28) B02, O04, R157, T152 RIC III 58b, C 875 29) B02, O04, R157, T159 RIC III 51, C 857a 30) B02, O04, R160, T226 RIC III 95a, C 914 31) B02, O10, R011, T049 RIC III 63b(a), C 59 32) B02, O10, R029, T063 RIC III 64a, S 4061, C 123 33) B02, O10, R031, T073 RIC III 65a, C 135 34) B02, O37, R123, T096 RIC III 5a, C 668 35) B02, O37, R192, T068 36) B02, O37, R192, T135 RIC 447a (III, Hadrian), C 1058 37) B02, O37, R192, T151 RIC 448 (III, Hadrian), C 1057 38) B02, O39, R013, T090 RIC III 11a 39) B02, O39, R013, T159 RIC III 23a, C 84 40) B02, O39, R015, T099 RIC III 34 41) B02, O39, R015, T159 RIC III 35 42) B02, O39, R015, T215 RIC III 25, C 86 43) B02, O39, R192, T090 44) B02, O41, R013, T096 RIC III 12a, C 79 45) B02, O41, R013, T002 RIC III 10a, S 4053, C 78 46) B02, O41, R013, T151 RIC III 9a, S 4052, C 67 47) B02, O41, R123, T090 RIC 446 (III, Hadrian) 48) B07, O08, R179, T179 RIC III 254, S 4126, C 982 49) B08, O15, R040, T098 50) B09, O04, R039, T159 RIC III 117, C 187 51) B09, O04, R039, T222 RIC III 118, S 4064 52) B09, O04, R040, T002 RIC III 127a, S 4066 53) B09, O04, R040, T067 RIC III 129, S 4070, C 203 54) B09, O04, R040, T088 RIC III 130, C 258 55) B09, O04, R040, T108 RIC III 136, C 344 56) B09, O04, R040, T202 RIC III 137, S 4079, C 345 57) B09, O04, R149, T198 RIC III 143d, C 809 58) B09, O04, R153, T108 RIC III 43, C 833 59) B09, O04, R153, T152 RIC III 44, C 814 60) B09, O04, R153, T159 RIC III 42, C 831 61) B09, O04, R153, T178 RIC III 46, C 836 62) B09, O04, R157, T098 RIC III 49, C 836 63) B09, O04, R157, T108 RIC III 54b, C 873 64) B09, O04, R157, T132 RIC III 50, C 861 65) B09, O04, R157, T152 RIC III 58a, C 875 66) B09, O04, R157, T178 RIC III 56, C 876 67) B09, O04, R160, T226 RIC III 95c, C 915 68) B09, O04, R165, T127 LIB IIII across fields RIC III 155, C 491 69) B09, O04, R165, T127 RIC III 150, C 940 70) B09, O04, R165, T130 Exe: LIB IIII RIC III 156, S 4089, C 490 71) B09, O04, R165, T159 RIC III 153 72) B09, O04, R165, T222 RIC III 154, S 4121, C 945 73) B09, O04, R204, T044 Exe: COS IIII RIC III 291a 74) B09, O04, R208, T043 Exe: COS IIII C 1115 75) B09, O04, R208, T043 Exe: COS IIII RIC III 283a 76) B09, O06, R101, T153 RIC III 76b 77) B09, O06, R109, T159 RIC III 78b 78) B09, O08, R121, T014 RIC III 262, C 1021 79) B09, O08, R121, T025 RIC III 260, C 1016 80) B09, O08, R121, T059 RIC III 259, S 4127, C 1006 81) B09, O08, R121, T179 RIC III 264, C 1023 82) B09, O08, R179, T014 RIC III 250, C 985 83) B09, O08, R179, T016 84) B09, O08, R179, T017 RIC III 249, C 983 85) B09, O08, R179, T101 RIC III 251, C 987 86) B09, O08, R179, T159 RIC III 252, C 979 87) B09, O08, R186, T020 RIC III 274, S 4131, C 1038 88) B09, O08, R186, T026 RIC III 275, C 1039 89) B09, O10, R003, T002 RIC III 61a, S 4049, C 13 90) B09, O10, R008, T152 RIC III 62b, C 33 91) B09, O10, R018, T137 92) B09, O10, R018, T140 RIC III 63b(c), C 60 93) B09, O10, R018, T141 RIC III 417b, C 14 94) B09, O10, R031, T068 RIC III 66, C 136

115 95) B09, O10, R064, T103 RIC III 69a, S 4084, C 398 96) B09, O10, R065, T107 RIC III 70d, C 407 97) B09, O10, R072, T219 RIC III 111a 98) B09, O10, R112, T167 RIC III 79, C 619 99) B09, O10, R127, T203 RIC III 80a, C 681 100) B09, O10, R202, T222 RIC III 102c 101) B09, O10, R202, T223 RIC III 105c, C 1176b 102) B09, O12, R150, T198 103) B09, O13, R040, T017 RIC III 163, C 286 104) B09, O13, R040, T019 RIC III 162, S 4067, C 283 105) B09, O13, R040, T043 RIC III 164, C 217 106) B09, O13, R040, T043 RIC III 168d, C 301 107) B09, O13, R040, T180 RIC III 167, C 280 108) B09, O13, R211, T229 RIC III 171a, C 670 109) B09, O13, R211, T230 RIC III 172, C 673 110) B09, O15, R040, T002 RIC III 177a, C 238 111) B09, O15, R040, T019 RIC III 175, C 284 112) B09, O15, R040, T043 RIC III 183, C 304 113) B09, O15, R040, T090 RIC III 178, S 4071, C 252 114) B09, O15, R040, T098 RIC III 179, C 263 115) B09, O15, R040, T104 RIC III 180, C 218 116) B09, O15, R040, T183 RIC III 181, S 4075 117) B09, O16, R040, T104 RIC III 189, C 219 118) B09, O17, R040, T099 RIC III 194, C 265 119) B09, O17, R040, T104 RIC III 196, C 220 120) B09, O18, R040, T017 RIC III 244a, C 293 121) B09, O18, R040, T159 RIC III 246, C 256 122) B09, O18, R040, T210 RIC III 243, C 202 123) B09, O19, R040, T017 RIC III 204, C 288 124) B09, O19, R040, T099 RIC III 205, C 267 125) B09, O19, R040, T209 RIC III 203, C 196 126) B09, O20, R040, T017 RIC III 221, C 290 127) B09, O20, R040, T101 RIC III 222, S 4073 128) B09, O20, R040, T209 RIC III 219, S 4065, C 197 129) B09, O21, R040, T017 RIC III 231, C 291 130) B09, O21, R040, T100 RIC III 232, C 291 131) B09, O21, R040, T209 RIC III 229a, C 198 132) B09, O21, R040, T210 RIC III 229b, C 200 133) B09, O21, R093, T041 RIC III 237, C 518 134) B09, O21, R093, T131 RIC III 234 135) B09, O22, R040, T017 RIC III 239, C 292 136) B09, O22, R040, T017 RIC III 240, C 272 137) B09, O22, R040, T209 138) B09, O22, R040, T210 RIC III 238, C 201 139) B09, O22, R113, T164 RIC III 313c, S 4098 140) B09, O22, R139, T184 RIC III 305, C 741 141) B09, O25, R001, T198 Exe: COS IIII RIC III 284, C 2 142) B09, O25, R040, T196 RIC III 285, S 4077, C 331 143) B09, O25, R063, T098 Exe: COS IIII RIC III 286, S 4083, C 390 144) B09, O25, R139, T184 RIC III 288, C 740 145) B09, O25, R149, T198 Exe: COS IIII RIC III 272a, C 802 146) B09, O25, R149, T198 Exe: COS IIII RIC III 290a, S 4107, C 804 147) B09, O25, R150, T198 Exe: COS IIII C 799 148) B09, O25, R205, T044 Exe: COS IIII RIC III 292a, S 4139, C 111 149) B09, O25, R207, T043 Exe: COS IIII RIC III 293a, s 4140 150) B09, O26, R051, T093 RIC III 298, S 4080, C 360 151) B09, O26, R056, T092 RIC III 299, C 374 152) B09, O26, R061, T101 RIC III 300a, C 383 153) B09, O26, R107, T160 RIC III 301, C 573 154) B09, O26, R131, T175 RIC III 303, S 4104, C 696 155) B09, O26, R136, T184 RIC III 304, C 735 156) B09, O35, R172, T160 Exe: PAX RIC III 200c, S 4095, C 582 157) B09, O35, R172, T206 Exe: TRANQ RIC III 202 158) B09, O35, R180, T017 RIC III 210, S 4123 159) B09, O35, R180, T160 Exe: PAX RIC III 216a, C 585 160) B09, O35, R180, T169 RIC III 217, S 4097, C 617 161) B09, O35, R180, T206 RIC III 218, C 826 162) B09, O39, R014, T108 RIC III 26, C 91 163) B09, O41, R013, T096 RIC III 12c, S 4055, C 80

AR Denarius (Posthumous) Reference(s) 164) B02, O31, R036, T082 RIC 429 (III, M. Aurelius), C 247 165) B02, O31, R036, T083 RIC 430 (III, M. Aurelius), C 155 166) B02, O31, R036, T102 RIC 436 (III, M. Aurelius), S 5193 167) B02, O31, R050, T037 RIC 442 (III, M. Aurelius), S 5194

AE Medallion 168) B09, O14, R211, T048

AE Sestertius 169) B02, O45, R193, T167 PIE TAS and S C across fields RIC 1093 (III, Hadrian), C 610 170) B07, O09, R069, T113 171) B07, O10, R046, T183

116 172) B08, O21, R076, T115 Exe: SC RIC III 914 anecdotal 173) B09, O04, R154, T118 174) B09, O04, R156, T225 Exe: SC RIC III 788 175) B09, O04, R157, T090 RIC III 545a 176) B09, O04, R157, T096 RIC III 546, S 4238, C 846 177) B09, O04, R160, T225 Exe: SC RIC III 648, C 917 178) B09, O04, R160, T226 Exe: SC RIC III 650 179) B09, O04, R204, T044 Exe: COS IIII RIC III 792, C 1107 180) B09, O04, R208, T043 Exe: COS IIII RIC III 794 181) B09, O06, R018, T141 Exe: SC RIC III 1212, C 34 182) B09, O07, R052, T091 RIC III 770, C 363 183) B09, O08, R179, T097 RIC III 943a, C 988 184) B09, O08, R185, T026 RIC III 964, C 1017 185) B09, O08, R185, T188 Exe: SC RIC III 967, C 1008 186) B09, O09, R040, T035 Exe: LIBERALITAS / AVG IIII RIC III 774, C 498 187) B09, O09, R040, T040 RIC III 765, C 318 188) B09, O09, R040, T161 PAX AVG and S C across fields RIC III 777, C 594 189) B09, O09, R040, T172 Exe: SC RIC III 759, C 225 190) B09, O09, R069, T113 RIC III 772, C 414 191) B09, O09, R211, T032 Exe: COS IIII / SC RIC III 767a, C 320 192) B09, O10, R008, T024 RIC III 597 193) B09, O10, R011, T049 RIC III 598, C 62 194) B09, O10, R033, T071 RIC III 600, C 139 195) B09, O10, R034, T046 RIC III 601, C 146 196) B09, O10, R064, T103 RIC III 605, S 4177, C 400 197) B09, O10, R072, T053 Exe: BRITANNIA RIC III 745, C 119 198) B09, O10, R072, T096 RIC III 716, C 426 199) B09, O10, R072, T214 RIC III 717a, C 433 200) B09, O10, R072, T220 BRI TAN and S C across fields RIC III 719, C 114 201) B09, O10, R078, T122 RIC III 607, C 460 202) B09, O10, R098, T146 RIC III 609, C 550 203) B09, O10, R101, T153 RIC III 610, C 556 204) B09, O10, R105, T155 Exe: SC RIC III 612 205) B09, O10, R109, T159 RIC III 616, S 4200, C 589 206) B09, O10, R128, T039 Exe: SC RIC III 619, C 686 207) B09, O10, R132, T199 RIC III 622, C 699 208) B09, O10, R132, T200 Exe: SC RIC III 623, C 703 209) B09, O10, R133, T170 Exe: SC RIC III 629, C 775 210) B09, O10, R134, T184 RIC III 635a, C 710 211) B09, O10, R141, T191 RIC III 640 212) B09, O10, R198, T199 Exe: SC RIC III 651, C 1075 213) B09, O10, R211, T116 Exe: IATALIA RIC III 746, C 464 214) B09, O10, R211, T170 Exe: SC RIC III 628 215) B09, O10, R211, T193 RIC III 626, C 754 216) B09, O10, R211, T217 Exe: VICTORIA AVG / SC RIC III 654 217) B09, O11, R087, T034 Exe: SC RIC III 775, C 511 218) B09, O11, R211, T143 RIC III 778, C 751 219) B09, O11, R211, T151 RIC III 779, C 745 220) B09, O11, R211, T175 Exe: SC RIC III 780, C 753 221) B09, O13, R008, T019 Exe: COS IIII RIC III 840, C 39 222) B09, O15, R040, T002 RIC III 855, C 232 223) B09, O15, R151, T076 Exe: COS IIII RIC III 857, C 813 224) B09, O19, R040, T101 RIC III 885, C 268 225) B09, O19, R139, T184 RIC III 886, C 728 226) B09, O20, R136, T184 RIC III 906, C 732 227) B09, O22, R095, T132 RIC III 929, C 543 228) B09, O22, R095, T134 RIC III 916a, C 535 229) B09, O25, R040, T196 Exe: SC RIC III 999, C 332 230) B09, O25, R149, T198 Exe: COS IIII RIC III 1004, C 805 231) B09, O25, R204, T043 Exe: COS IIII RIC III 1026, C 1105 232) B09, O25, R208, T043 Exe: COS IIII RIC III 1010 233) B09, O26, R113, T165 RIC III 1031, C 621 234) B09, O27, R113, T164 RIC III 1045, C 628 235) B09, O27, R113, T167 PIE TAS and S C across fields RIC 1083a (III, Hadrian), C 604 236) B09, O35, R118, T096 RIC III 530b, C 653 237) B09, O35, R172, T038 Exe: SC RIC III 889 238) B09, O35, R172, T174 RIC III 874, C 690 239) B12, O10, R134, T184 RIC III 635b, C 712

AE Sestertius (Posthumous) Reference(s) 240) B02, O31, R036, T102 RIC 1266 (III, M. Aurelius), C 165 241) B09, O31, R036, T081 RIC 1265 (III, M. Aurelius), C 162

AE Dupondius 242) B16, O08, R179, T014 Exe: SC RIC III 956, C 986 243) B16, O08, R179, T120 244) B16, O08, R179, T171 245) B16, O08, R179, T171 RIC III 953, C 978 246) B16, O09, R037, T183 RIC III 551 247) B16, O09, R069, T113 RIC III 802, C 415 248) B16, O10, R008, T024 RIC III 656, S 4264, C 36 249) B16, O10, R052, T089 RIC III 658 250) B16, O10, R052, T091 RIC III 659 251) B16, O10, R064, T103 RIC III 660a, C 403 252) B16, O10, R072, T214

117 253) B16, O10, R134, T184 RIC III 668, S 4283, C 714 254) B16, O11, R211, T143 RIC III 807, C 752 255) B16, O15, R040, T002 RIC III 858, C 233 256) B16, O18, R095, T132 RIC III 950, C 545 257) B16, O20, R136, T184 RIC III 909a, C 733 258) B16, O22, R095, T134 RIC III 932, C 541 259) B16, O22, R179, T208 260) B16, O26, R113, T165 RIC III 1035, C 625 261) B16, O35, R172, T012 Exe: ANNONA RIC III 898, C 51

AE As Reference(s) 262) B02, O45, R192, T108 Exe: SC RIC III 1088a, S 4322, C 1066 263) B08, O04, R160, T190 Exe: SC 264) B09, O04, R058, T098 RIC III 533b, C 650 265) B09, O04, R058, T098 RIC III 558 266) B09, O04, R157, T096 RIC III 546, C 846 267) B09, O04, R157, T150 RIC III 563, C 842 268) B09, O04, R157. T090 RIC III 565, C 854 269) B09, O04, R160, T099 RIC III 700a 270) B09, O04, R160, T144 RIC III 694, C 885 271) B09, O06, R072, T170 RIC III 733, C 450 272) B09, O08, R179, T014 Exe: SC RIC III 956, C 986 273) B09, O08, R179, T097 RIC III 943a, C 988 274) B09, O08, R179, T159 RIC III 945, C 980 275) B09, O08, R179, T171 RIC III 957, C 977 276) B09, O08, R211, T235 RIC III 958, C 999 Exe: SC 277) B09, O09, R040, T098 RIC III 760 278) B09, O10, R023, T106 RIC III 676, C 106 279) B09, O10, R033, T071 RIC III 678, C 140 280) B09, O10, R072, T132 Exe: LIBERT RIC III 738, C 533 281) B09, O10, R072, T192 Exe: ANCILIA RIC III 736a, C 30 282) B09, O11, R211, T049 RIC III 824, C 748 283) B09, O11, R211, T232 Exe: SC RIC III 827a, C 791 284) B09, O13, R008, T019 Exe: COS IIII RIC III 840 285) B09, O15, R040, T196 Exe: SC 286) B09, O18, R040, T159 RIC III 955, C 257 287) B09, O21, R009, T024 RIC III 921, C 45 288) B09, O22, R027, T055 Exe: SC RIC III 934, C 117 289) B09, O22, R052, T089 RIC III 937 290) B09, O22, R052, T090 RIC III 936, C 372 291) B09, O35, R172, T126 Exe: IVSTITIA RIC III 881, C 474 292) B12, O04, R160, T144 RIC III 694c, S 4315, C 885

AE As (Posthumous) 293) B02, O31, R036, T084 RIC 1262 (III, M. Aurelius)

AE Quadrans 294) B09, O04, R040, T057 RIC III 711, C 181 295) Ba, O36, R040, T202

Antoninus Pius Busts

118

Antoninus Pius Types

119

Antoninus Pius Types (continued)

120

Antoninus Pius Types (continued)

121

Faustina I

b. ca.100 - d.141

Wife of Antoninus Pius. Her death was deeply mourned by Antoninus despite widely circulating rumors of her being unfaithful to him. Her daughter Faustina II, another woman of questionable repute, married Marcus Aurelius who would also eventually go on to grieve the loss of his wife.

Busts:

1) Diademed, draped bust left 2) Diademed, draped bust right 3) Draped bust right 4) Veiled bust left 5) Veiled bust right 6) Veiled, diademed bust left 7) Veiled, diademed bust right

Obverses: 1) DIVA AVG FAVSTINA 2) DIVA AVGVSTA FAVSTINA 3) DIVA FAVSTINA 4) DIVAE FAVSTINAE 5) DIVA I FAVSTINA 6) FAVSTINA AVG ANTONINI AVG 7) FAVSTINA AVG ANTONINI AVG PP 8) FAVSTINA AVG ANTONINI AVG PII PP 9) FAVSTINA AVGVSTA

Reverses: 1) AED DIV FAVSTINAE 2) AETERNITAS 3) AVGVSTA 4) CERES 5) CONCORDIA AVG 6) CONCORDIAE 7) CONSECRATIO 8) COS IIII 9) DEDICATIO AEDIS 10) DIVA FAVSTINA 11) EX SENATVS CONSVLTO

12) FAVSTINIANAE 13) IMP II 14) IMPERATOR II 15) IVNO 16) IVNONI LVCINAE 17) IVNONI REGINAE 18) MATRI DEVM SALVTARI 19) PIET AVG 20) PIETAS AVG 21) PM TR P VI IMP IIII 22) PROV DEOR TR P COS II

23) PVELLAE FAVSTINIANAE 24) SALVTI AVG 25) SALVTI AVGVSTAE 26) TR P VI IMP IIII COS II PAX 27) TR POT COS II 28) VENERI AVGVSTAE 29) VENVS 30) VESTA 31) VOTA PVBLICA 32) No legend

Types: 1) Aequitas standing left, holding scale and cornucopia 2) Aeternitas advancing left, holding starry mantle overhead 3) Aeternitas seated left on globe, raising hand and holding scepter. 4) Aeternitas seated left, holding Phoenix on globe and scepter 5) Aeternitas standing left, holding Phoenix and raising skirt 6) Aeternitas standing right, pulling veil and holding scepter 7) Altar 8) Carpentum pulled by two mules right 9) Ceres seated left, holding grain ears and torch. 10) Ceres standing left, holding grain ears and torch. 11) Ceres standing left, holding torch and grain ears 12) Ceres standing right, holding scepter and grain ears. 13) Concordia seated left, holding patera and resting arm on cornucopia 14) Concordia seated left, holding patera and resting arm on Spes 15) Concordia seated left, holding Spes and scepter. 16) Concordia standing left, holding patera and cornucopia 17) Concordia standing left, leaning on column, holding patera and cornucopia. 18) Concordia standing left, leaning on column, holding patera and two cornucopiae. 19) Concordia standing right, holding scepter and cornucopia 20) Cornucopiae (2), crossed, caduceus in between 21) Crescent, seven stars above. 22) Cybele riding lion left, holding drum 23) Cybele seated left, holding drum and branch 24) Cybele seated right, holding drum; lion on either side. 25) Cybele, holding drum, riding carriage led by two lions left 26) Dove standing right 27) Eagle standing right 28) Faustina I and Antoninus Pius riding quadriga left 29) Faustina I and Antoninus Pius standing on pedestal, together holding Fortuna; Marcus Aurelius and Faustina II beneath, shaking hands over altar. 30) Faustina I and her family in diagram of a two storey house; adults in upper floor and children in lower. 31) Faustina I draped bust right 32) Faustina I riding biga left. 33) Faustina I riding quadriga right, holding torch. 34) Faustina I standing by Antoninus Pius, seated left, both on platform, receiving their children from assistants.

Among the most common of empresses to be found are the “Faustinas”. This mother-daughter duo were both honored while living and quite a while posthumously. In fact, in the case of Faustina senior the bulk of her coinage happens after her death. Marginal coins of Faustina start at under $10 and a nice Denarius can be bought for around $30 or so. There is much to be seen in the bronzes, especially lower grade Asses which also typically cost only a few dollars but with bronzes as the coin’s grade increases the price does so exponentially.

122 35) Faustina I standing left on right, holding scepter, shaking hands with Antoninus Pius to left, holding scroll. 36) Faustina I, holding grain ears and torch, riding carriage with two elephants left 37) Faustina I, holding scepter, riding carriage with two elephants left 38) Faustina I, holding scepter, riding carriage with two elephants right 39) Faustina I, holding scepter, riding eagle left, upwards. 40) Faustina I, holding scepter, riding eagle right, upwards. 41) Faustina I, holding torch and grain ears, riding carriage with two elephants left 42) Faustina I, holding torch and grain ears, riding carriage with two elephants right 43) Faustina I, holding torch, riding carriage with two elephants right 44) Fecunditas standing right, holding scepter and baby. 45) Fortuna standing left, holding globe and rudder 46) Fortuna standing left, holding patera and rudder 47) Fortuna standing left, holding patera and rudder on globe 48) Fortuna standing left, holding rudder and cornucopia 49) Funeral pyre, Faustina I riding biga right atop. 50) Isis riding oncoming dog, holding sistrum 51) Juno seated right, holding scepter. 52) Juno standing left raising hand and skirt. 53) Juno standing left, holding patera and scepter. 54) Juno standing left, holding patera and scepter; peacock to left. 55) Juno standing left, holding torch and raising skirt 56) Juno standing left, holding torch and scepter 57) Juno standing left, holding torch in each hand 58) Juno standing left, raising hand and holding torch 59) Juno standing right, holding scepter 60) Juno standing right, raising hand and holding scepter. 61) Juno standing, facing, raising hand and holding scepter 62) Marcus Aurelius and Faustina II standing, shaking hands; Concordia between them in background. 63) Pax standing left, holding branch and cornucopia. 64) Pax standing, facing, holding branch and scepter 65) Peacock advancing left 66) Peacock advancing right 67) Peacock standing, facing, with tail spread. 68) Pietas standing left, raising hand and holding incense box 69) Pietas standing left, raising hand over altar and holding incense box 70) Pietas standing left, raising hands over altar 71) Providentia standing left, holding globe and veil over head 72) Providentia standing left, holding globe and cornucopia 73) Providentia standing left, holding globe and scepter. 74) Providentia standing left, raising hand and holding globe 75) Salus seated left, feeding snake on altar 76) Salus standing left, feeding snake on altar and holding scepter 77) Salus standing left, holding snake and leaning on tree 78) Star 79) Temple with (6) columns. 80) Temple with (6) columns; Faustina I seated within 81) Throne; peacock in front, standing left 82) Throne with scepter. 83) Throne with scepter; peacock in front, facing. 84) Throne with scepter; peacock in front, standing right. 85) Throne with wreath and scepter. 86) Throne with wreath and scepter; peacock to left, fruit basket to right. 87) Venus standing left, holding apple and resting hand on shield. 88) Venus standing left, holding arrow and bow 89) Venus standing right, pulling dress and holding apple. 90) Venus standing right, pulling veil and holding apple. 91) Venus standing, facing, pulling veil and holding scepter. 92) Vesta seated left, holding Palladium and scepter 93) Vesta seated left, holding patera and scepter 94) Vesta seated left, holding scepter 95) Vesta standing left, holding Palladium and scepter 96) Vesta standing left, holding Palladium and torch. 97) Vesta standing left, holding simpulum and Palladium 98) Vesta standing left, holding torch and Palladium 99) Vesta standing left, sacrificing over altar and holding Palladium. 100) Vesta standing left, sacrificing over altar and holding torch. 101) Victory standing left, holding wreath and palm.

Mint: 1) Roma

AU Aureus Reference(s) 1) B2, O9, R17, T054 RIC 338 (III, Antoninus Pius), C 214

AU Aureus (Posthumous) 2) B2, O1, R02, T047 RIC 349a (III, Antoninus Pius), BMC 285 3) B2, O1, R32, T061 RIC 404c (III, Antoninus Pius) 4) B2, O2, R20, T069 RIC 394c (III, Antoninus Pius), C 232 5) B2, O3, R02, T080 RIC 354 (III, Antoninus Pius), BMC 83, C 64 6) B2, O3, R03, T056 RIC 356 (III, Antoninus Pius), C 97 7) B6, O3, R03, T057 RIC 375a (III, Antoninus Pius), BMC 406, C 76

123

AR Denarius Reference(s) 8) B2, O7, R05, T013 RIC 328a (III, Antoninus Pius), C 148 9) B2, O9, R17, T054 RIC 338d (III, Antoninus Pius), S 4669, C 215 10) B2, O9, R17, T083 RIC 339a (III, Antoninus Pius), C 214 11) B2, O9, R30, T092 RIC 342a (III, Antoninus Pius) 12) B9, O9, R17, T081 Tom Mullally collection

AR Denarius (Posthumous) 13) B2, O1, R02, T073 RIC 350a (III, Antoninus Pius), C 35 14) B2, O1, R02, T078 RIC 355 (III, Antoninus Pius), C 63 15) B2, O1, R02, T091 RIC 346b (III, Antoninus Pius), C 41 16) B2, O1, R06, T035 RIC 381b (III, Antoninus Pius), C 159 17) B2, O1, R07, T058 RIC 382a (III, Antoninus Pius), C 32 18) B2, O1, R09, T079 RIC 388 (III, Antoninus Pius) 19) B2, O1, R20, T069 RIC 394 (III, Antoninus Pius), S 4598, C 234 20) B2, O1, R32, T012 RIC 404b (III, Antoninus Pius) 21) B2, O3, R01, T080 RIC 343 (III, Antoninus Pius), S 4573, C 1 22) B2, O3, R02, T005 RIC 347 (III, Antoninus Pius), S 4576, C 11 23) B2, O3, R02, T046 RIC 348 (III, Antoninus Pius), S 4577, C 6 24) B2, O3, R02, T061 RIC 344 (III, Antoninus Pius), S 4574, C 26 25) B2, O3, R02, T071 RIC 351 (III, Antoninus Pius), S 4578, C 32 26) B2, O3, R02, T084 RIC 353a (III, Antoninus Pius), C 61 27) B2, O3, R03, T010 RIC 360a (III, Antoninus Pius), S 4582 28) B2, O3, R03, T012 RIC 358 (III, Antoninus Pius), S 4581, C 94 29) B2, O3, R03, T051 RIC 363 (III, Antoninus Pius), C 128 30) B2, O3, R03, T055 RIC 362 (III, Antoninus Pius), S 4584, C 104 31) B2, O3, R03, T056 RIC 356 (III, Antoninus Pius), C 96 32) B2, O3, R03, T059 RIC 361 (III, Antoninus Pius), C 101 33) B2, O3, R03, T069 RIC 373 (III, Antoninus Pius), S 4589, C 124 34) B2, O3, R03, T082 RIC 377 (III, Antoninus Pius), S 4590, C 131 35) B2, O3, R03, T087 RIC 366 (III, Antoninus Pius), C 73 36) B2, O3, R03, T092 RIC 400 (III, Antoninus Pius), S 4601, C 291 37) B2, O3, R03, T093 RIC 371 (III, Antoninus Pius), S 4588, C 72 38) B2, O3, R03, T095 RIC 369a (III, Antoninus Pius), C 109 39) B2, O3, R03, T097 RIC 368 (III, Antoninus Pius), C 108 40) B2, O3, R03, T099 RIC 370 (III, Antoninus Pius), C 116 41) B2, O3, R04, T009 RIC 379a (III, Antoninus Pius), C 144 42) B2, O3, R04, T010 RIC 378a (III, Antoninus Pius), S 4591 43) B2, O3, R07, T058 RIC 382b (III, Antoninus Pius), S 4593, C 165 44) B2, O3, R07, T066 RIC 384a (III, Antoninus Pius), S 4584, C 175 45) B2, O3, R15, T053 RIC 391 (III, Antoninus Pius), S 4597, C 209 46) B2, O3, R23, T034 RIC 399 (III, Antoninus Pius), C 262 47) B2, O5, R13, T020 48) B3, O3, R07, T007 49) B3, O3, R04, T010 RIC 359 (III, Antoninus Pius) 50) B7, O1, R04, T027 RIC 387 (III, Antoninus Pius), C 181 51) B7, O1, R20, T069 52) B7, O3, R02, T061 RIC 345 (III, Antoninus Pius), C 27 53) B7, O3, R02, T084 RIC 353b (III, Antoninus Pius), C 61

AE Sestertius (Posthumous) 54) B2, O1, R03, T010 RIC 1169 (III, Antoninus Pius) 55) B2, O2, R07, T049 RIC 1135 (III, Antoninus Pius), C 186 56) B2, O2, R15, T053 RIC 1143 (III, Antoninus Pius), C 210 57) B2, O2, R20, T069 RIC 1146a (III, Antoninus Pius), C 240 58) B2, O2, R20, T079 RIC 1147 (III, Antoninus Pius), C 254 59) B2, O2, R32, T008 RIC 1141 (III, Antoninus Pius) 60) B2, O2, R32, T041 RIC 1140 (III, Antoninus Pius) 61) B2, O3, R02, T004 RIC 1103 (III, Antoninus Pius), C 15 62) B2, O3, R02, T005 RIC 1105 (III, Antoninus Pius), C 12 63) B2, O3, R02, T041 RIC 1113 (III, Antoninus Pius) 64) B2, O3, R02, T061 RIC 1102 (III, Antoninus Pius), C 28 65) B2, O3, R03, T011 RIC 1118 (III, Antoninus Pius), C 88 66) B7, O2, R02, T073 RIC 1108 (III, Antoninus Pius), C 37

AE Dupondius (Posthumous) 67) B2, O2, R20, T069 C 241

AE As 68) B2, O8, R05, T013 RIC 1087 (III, Antoninus Pius) 69) B2, O8, R05, T014 RIC 1086 (III, Antoninus Pius), C 149 70) B2, O8, R05, T018 RIC 1088 (III, Antoninus Pius), C 152 71) B2, O8, R17, T083 RIC 1092 (III, Antoninus Pius), C 226 72) B2, O8, R28, T089 RIC 1097 (III, Antoninus Pius), S 4685, C 152

AE As (Posthumous)

124 73) B2, O1, R02, T004 74) B2, O1, R02, T069 C 343 75) B2, O2, R02, T073 RIC 1163a (III, Antoninus Pius), C 38 76) B2, O2, R19, T007 Exe: SC RIC 1191 (III, Antoninus Pius), S 4654, C 258 77) B2, O2, R20, T070 RIC 1194 (III, Antoninus Pius), C 252 78) B2, O2, R20, T079 Exe: SC RIC 1195 (III, Antoninus Pius), C 255 79) B2, O3, R02, T004 RIC 1156a (III, Antoninus Pius), S 4637, C 18 80) B2, O3, R02, T073 RIC 1163b (III, Antoninus Pius) 81) B2, O3, R03, T096 RIC 1178 (III, Antoninus Pius) 82) B2, O3, R03, T099 RIC 1126 (III, Antoninus Pius), S 4619, C 117 83) B2, O3, R03, T100 RIC 1180 (III, Antoninus Pius), C 118 84) B7, O2, R32, T021 Exe: SC RIC 1199 (III, Antoninus Pius), C 276

Faustina I Busts

Faustina I Types

125 Faustina I Types (continued)

126

Marcus Aurelius

Augustus 161-180

Marcus Aurelius owes much of him becoming Augustus to Hadrian who groomed him from childhood for the post. He became Caesar shortly after Hadrian died and the political grooming continued under Antoninus Pius. He had to wait another twenty years or so to become Augustus himself in the year 161. No sooner did this happen than he was thrust in a series of wars that would eat up the rest of his time in office.

He died while fighting the ever-harassing tribes of the Germanic region and power then passed to his son Commodus.

During his lengthy reign he is remembered as being among the noblest and most even-keeled of emperors. He preferred to use the considerable power of his post to pursue a period of enlightenment out of character not only for his age but clear across time to our very own. Gibbon summarizes that he "was severe to himself, indulgent to the imperfections of others, just and beneficent to all mankind."

Busts: 1) Bare bust right 2) Bare head left 3) Bare head right 4) Bare headed, cuirassed bust left 5) Bare headed, cuirassed bust right 6) Bare headed, draped and cuirassed bust left 7) Bare headed, draped and cuirassed bust right 8) Bare headed, draped bust left 9) Bare headed, draped bust right 10) Laureate head left 11) Laureate head right 12) Laureate, cuirassed bust left 13) Laureate, cuirassed bust right 14) Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right 15) Laureate, draped bust left 16) Laureate, draped bust right 17) Radiate head right 18) Radiate, cuirassed bust right 19) Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right

a) Eagle, standard on either side; LEG VI across lower fields b) Woman’s laureate, draped bust right Obverses: 1) ANTONINVS AVG 2) ANTONINVS AVG ARMENIACVS 3) ANTONINVS ET VERVS AVG REST 4) ANTONIVS AVGVR III VIR R P C 5) AVRELIVS CAES ANTON AVG P II F 6) AVRELIVS CAES ANTON AVG P II FIL 7) AVRELIVS CAES AVG P II FIL 8) AVRELIVS CAESAR ANTONINI AVG P II F 9) AVRELIVS CAESAR ANTONINI AVG P II FIL 10) AVRELIVS CAESAR AVG P II F 11) AVRELIVS CAESAR AVG P II F COS 12) AVRELIVS CAESAR AVG P II F COS II 13) AVRELIVS CAESAR AVG P II FIL 14) CAES M AVREL ANTONINVS AVG COS III 15) DIVVS M ANTONINVS PIVS 16) IMP CAES M AVR ANTONINVS AVG 17) IMP CAES M AVREL ANTONINVS AVG 18) IMP CAES M AVREL ANTONINVS AVG PM 19) IMP M ANTONINVS AVG 20) IMP M ANTONINVS AVG TR P XXV 21) IMP M AVREL ANTONINVS AVG 22) IMP M AVREL ANTONINVS AVG PM 23) M ANTONINVS AVG 24) M ANTONINVS AVG ARM PARTH MAX 25) M ANTONINVS AVG ARM PARTH MAX MEDIC 26) M ANTONINVS AVG ARMEN PM 27) M ANTONINVS AVG ARMENIACVS 28) M ANTONINVS AVG ARMENIACVS PM 29) M ANTONINVS AVG GERM 30) M ANTONINVS AVG GERM SARM 31) M ANTONINVS AVG GERM SARM TR P XXXI 32) M ANTONINVS AVG GERM SARMATICVS 33) M ANTONINVS AVG GERM TR P XXIX 34) M ANTONINVS AVG GERM TR P XXX 35) M ANTONINVS AVG GERM TR P XXX PP 36) M ANTONINVS AVG IMP II 37) M ANTONINVS AVG PM

From awesome, big Sestertii to pristine Denarii to gorgeous Aureii Marcus Aurelius continues to offer us the finest of Roman classical art on coins. While low grade material is ubiquitous and cheap the collector can’t help but notice the often very affordable coins that have passed down through the ages with nary a scratch. Having enjoyed a long reign starting with his Caesarship soon after Antoninus Pius came to power we are left with delicate renderings of his portraits as he passed from childhood into adolescence and then into the grave, bearded maturity of the wise philosopher-king. And because of the continued golden age of the empire we are assured of a good supply of these coins today. As a general pointer, superbly preserved Denarii can be bought in the $100 region on Ebay or somewhat more directly from a coin dealer. While museum-grade bronze pieces will undoubtedly cost an arm and a leg many will find comfort in knowing they can own a downright handsome Sestertius, Dupondius or As for just a few hundred dollars that may well become the highlight of their collection.

127 38) M ANTONINVS AVG TR P XX 39) M ANTONINVS AVG TR P XXIII 40) M ANTONINVS AVG TR P XXIIII 41) M ANTONINVS AVG TR P XXIX 42) M ANTONINVS AVG TR P XXV 43) M ANTONINVS AVG TR P XXVI 44) M ANTONINVS AVG TR P XXVII 45) M ANTONINVS AVG TR P XXVIII 46) M ANTONINVS AVG TR P XXXI 47) M AVREL ANTONINVS AVG 48) M AVREL ANTONINVS AVG ARM PARTH 49) M AVREL ANTONINVS AVG ARM PARTH MAX

50) M AVREL ANTONINVS AVG ARMENIACVS PM 51) M AVREL ANTONINVS AVG GERM SARM 52) M AVREL ANTONINVS AVG PM 53) M AVREL ANTONINVS AVG TR P XXXII 54) M AVREL ANTONINVS AVG TR P XXXIII 55) M AVREL ANTONINVS AVG TR P XXXIIII 56) M AVREL CAESAR AVG F II FIL 57) M AVRELIVS CAESAR ANTONINI AVG P II FIL 58) M AVRELIVS CAESAR AVG P II F 59) M AVRELIVS CAESAR AVG P II F COS 60) M AVRELIVS CAESAR AVG P II FIL 61) No legend

Reverses: 1) ANNONA AVG IMP VII COS III 2) ANTONIVS AVGVR 3) CLEMENTIA AVG IMP VI COS III 4) CLEMENTIA AVG TR P XXX IMP VIII COS III 5) COMMODVS CAES AVG FIL GERM 6) CONCORD AVG TR P XV 7) CONCORD AVG TR P XVI 8) CONCORD AVG TR P XVII 9) CONCORD AVG TR P XVIII 10) CONCORD AVGVSTOR TR P XV 11) CONCORD AVGVSTOR TR P XVI 12) CONCORD EXERC IMP VII 13) CONCORDIA 14) CONCORDIA COS II 15) CONCORDIA EXERCITVVM COS III 16) CONCORDIA TR POT III 17) CONCORDIAE AVGVSTOR TR P XV COS III 18) CONCORDIAE AVGVSTOR TR P XVI COS III 19) CONG AVG III TR P XX IMP III COS III 20) CONG AVG III TR POT XX IMP III COS III 21) CONG AVG IIII TR P XXI IMP IIII COS III 22) CONSECRATIO 23) COS DES II 24) COS II 25) COS III 26) COS III PP 27) DES II 28) DIVVS VERVS 29) FAVSTINAE AVG P II AVG F COMMOD

CAES FIL AVG 30) FEL TEMP TR P XV COS III 31) FELIC AVG IMP VI COS III 32) FELICITAS AVG COS III 33) FELICITAS AVG IMP VI COS III 34) FELICITAS AVG IMP VIIII COS III PP 35) FELICITAS AVG IMP X COS III PP 36) FELICITATI CAES 37) FIDES EXERCITVVM 38) FIDES EXERCITVVM IMP VIIII COS III PP 39) FORT DVCI TR P XXX IMP VIII COS III 40) FORT RED COS III 41) FORT RED TR P XXI IMP V 42) FORT RED TR P XXIII IMP V 43) GERMANIA SVBACTA IMP VI COS III 44) GERMANICO AVG IMP VI COS III 45) HILARITAS 46) HONOS 47) IMP CAES L AVREL VERVS AVG 48) IMP VI COS III 49) IMP VII COS III 50) IMP VIII COS III 51) IMP VIII COS III CLEMENTIA AVG 52) IMP VIII COS III DE GERMANIS 53) IMP VIII COS III PAX AETERNA AVG 54) IMP VIII COS III PP PAX AETERNA AVG 55) IMP VIIII COS III PP 56) IMP X COS III PP 57) IMPERATOR II 58) IVSTITIA AVG TR P XXXIII IMP X COS III PP 59) IVVENTAS 60) L AVREL COMMODVS CAES AVG FIL

GERM 61) LIB AVG III TR P XX COS III 62) LIB AVGVSTOR TR P XV

63) LIB AVGVSTOR TR P XV COS III 64) LIB AVGVSTOR TR POT XX IMP III

COS III 65) LIBERAL AVG TR P XIX IMP II COS III 66) LIBERAL AVG V COS III 67) LIBERAL AVG VI IMP VII COS III 68) LIBERAL AVGVSTOR IMP VIII COS III 69) LIBERALITAS AVG VI IMP VII COS III 70) LIBERALITAS AVG VII IMP VII COS III 71) LIBERALITAS AVG VII IMP VIIII COS III

PP 72) M ANTONINVS AVG 73) M ANTONINVS AVG TR P XXVIII 74) MARTI VICTORI IMP VI COS III 75) MARTI VICTORI IMP VII COS III 76) PAX AVG TR P XX COS III 77) PIET AVG TR P XXXI IMP VIII COS III

PP 78) PIETAS AVG 79) PIETAS AVG IMP VIII COS III 80) PIETAS AVG IMP VIIII COS III PP 81) PIETAS AVG TR P XX COS III 82) PM TR P XIX IMP II COS III 83) PM TR P XIX IMP III COS III 84) PM TR P XVIII COS III 85) PM TR P XVIII IMP II COS III 86) PM TR P XX IMP III COS III 87) PROPVGNATORI IMP VIIII COS III 88) PROV DEOR TR P COS II 89) PROV DEOR TR P XV COS III 90) PROV DEOR TR P XVI COS III 91) PROV DEOR TR P XVII COS III 92) PROV DEOR TR P XVIII COS III 93) RELIG AVG IMP VI COS III 94) RESTITVTORI ITALIAE IMP VI COS III 95) SALVTI AVG COS III 96) SALVTI AVGVSTAE 97) SALVTI AVGVSTOR TR P XV 98) SALVTI AVGVSTOR TR P XVI 99) SALVTI AVGVSTOR TR P XVII 100) SALVTI AVGVSTOR TR P XVIII 101) SECVRIT PVB TR P XXIX 102) SECVRIT PVB TR P XXX 103) SECVRITAS PVBLICA IMP VI COS III 104) TR P XIX IMP II COS III 105) TR P XV COS II VIRTVS 106) TR P XV COS III 107) TR P XVII IMP II COS III 108) TR P XVIII COS III 109) TR P XVIII IMP II COS III 110) TR P XX IMP III COS III 111) TR P XX IMP IIII COS III 112) TR P XXI COS IIII 113) TR P XXI IMP IIII COS III 114) TR P XXII IMP IIII COS III 115) TR P XXII IMP V COS III 116) TR P XXIII IMP V COS III 117) TR P XXIIII COS III 118) TR P XXIX IMP VIII COS III 119) TR P XXVI COS III 120) TR P XXVII IMP VI COS III 121) TR P XXX IMP VIII COS III 122) TR P XXX IMP VIII COS III PP 123) TR P XXXI IMP VIII COS III PP

124) TR P XXXII IMP VIIII COS III PP 125) TR P XXXIII IMP VIIII COS III PP 126) TR P XXXIII IMP X COS III PP 127) TR P XXXIII IMP X COS III PP 128) TR P XXXIIII IMP X COS III 129) TR P XXXIIII IMP X COS III PP 130) TR POT COS II 131) TR POT COS III 132) TR POT II COS II 133) TR POT III COS II 134) TR POT III COS II CLE 135) TR POT III COS II CLEM 136) TR POT III COS II HONOS 137) TR POT III COS II IVVENTAS 138) TR POT III COS II PIETAS 139) TR POT III COS II VIRTVS 140) TR POT IIII COS II 141) TR POT IIII COS II HONOS 142) TR POT IIII COS II VIRTVS 143) TR POT VI COS II 144) TR POT VI COS II HONOS 145) TR POT VI COS II VIRTVS 146) TR POT VII COS II 147) TR POT VIII COS II 148) TR POT VIIII COS II 149) TR POT X COS II 150) TR POT XI COS II 151) TR POT XII COS II 152) TR POT XIII COS II 153) TR POT XIIII COS II 154) TR POT XIIII COS II DESIG III 155) TR POT XIX IMP II COS III 156) TR POT XIX IMP III COS III 157) TR POT XV COS II DESIG III 158) TR POT XV COS II VIRTVS 159) TR POT XV COS III 160) TR POT XX IMP II COS III 161) TR POT XX IMP III COS III 162) TR POT XX IMP IIII COS III 163) TR POT XXI IMP IIII COS III 164) TR POT XXII IMP IIII COS III 165) TR POT XXII IMP V COS III 166) TR POT XXIII IMP V COS III 167) VENERI GENETRICI 168) VICT AVG COS III 169) VICT AVG COS III PP 170) VICT AVG TR P XVIII IMP II COS III 171) VICT AVG TR P XX COS III 172) VICT AVG TR P XX IMP IIII COS III 173) VICT AVG TR POT XX IMP III COS III 174) VICT AVG TR POT XX IMP IIII COS III 175) VIRTVS AVG IMP X COS III PP 176) VIRTVS COS II 177) VOTA DEC ANN SVSC TR P XX IMP IIII

COS III 178) VOTA PVBLICA 179) VOTA PVBLICA IMP VIIII COS III 180) VOTA PVBLICA IMP VIIII COS III PP 181) VOTA SOL DECENN COS III 182) VOTA SOLVTA DECENNALIVM COS III 183) VOTA SVSCEP DECENN II 184) No legend

Types: 1) Aequitas seated left, holding scale and cornucopia. 2) Aequitas standing left, holding scale and scepter. 3) Aesculapius standing left, holding staff with snake coiled around it. 4) Altar, eagle atop

128 5) Altar, FORT REDVCI within 6) Annona standing left, holding grain ears over modius and cornucopia; galley prow to right 7) Annona standing left, holding grain ears over modius and cornucopia. 8) Annona standing left, pouring cornucopia into modius. 9) Annona standing right, holding grain ears and fruit basket. 10) Apollo standing left, holding patera and lyre. 11) Armenia seated left, resting head on hand; trophy to right. 12) Armenia seated left, shield and vexillum behind in background. 13) Captive seated left, trophy in background. 14) Captive seated right, trophy in background. 15) Captive seated right, trophy, spear and shield in background. 16) Captives (2), seated back to back on shields, trophy in between. 17) Clementia standing left holding patera 18) Clementia standing left, holding patera and raising skirt. 19) Clementia standing left, holding patera and scepter 20) Clementia standing left, holding patera in each hand 21) Commodus bare-headed, cuirassed bust right. 22) Commodus bare-headed, draped bust right. 23) Commodus head right. 24) Concordia seated left, holding patera and resting arm on Spes on cornucopia 25) Concordia standing left, holding patera and two cornucopiae. 26) Concordia standing left, holding standard in each hand. 27) Diana standing left, holding arrow and bow. 28) Eagle flying right, scepter in claws 29) Eagle standing left on altar 30) Eagle standing left on globe 31) Eagle standing left, wreath in beak 32) Eagle standing right 33) Eagle standing right on altar 34) Eagle standing right on globe 35) Eagle standing right on thunderbolt 36) Eagle standing right, wreath in beak 37) Faustina II head right facing Commodus head left. 38) Felicitas seated right, holding caduceus and cornucopia. 39) Felicitas standing left, holding caduceus and cornucopia 40) Felicitas standing left, holding caduceus and cornucopia; globe to lower left. 41) Felicitas standing left, holding caduceus and scepter. 42) Felicitas standing left, holding caduceus and standard 43) Felicitas standing left, holding patera and caduceus. 44) Felicitas standing left, leaning on column, holding caduceus and scepter. 45) Fides standing left, holding globe and standard 46) Fides standing left, holding spear; two standards on either side 47) Fides standing left, holding Victory and standard. 48) Fides standing right, holding grain ears and fruit basket. 49) Fortuna seated left, holding rudder and cornucopia. 50) Fortuna seated left, holding rudder and cornucopia; wheel under chair 51) Fortuna seated left, holding rudder on globe and cornucopia. 52) Fortuna standing left, holding rudder and cornucopia. 53) Fortuna standing left, raising skirt and holding rudder. 54) Fortuna standing right, holding rudder and raising skirt. 55) Funeral pyre 56) Galley sailing left 57) Galley sailing right 58) Genius standing left, holding patera and grain ears. 59) Genius standing left, sacrificing over altar and holding grain ears 60) Genius standing right, holding scepter and cornucopia. 61) Germania seated left; trophy in background. 62) Germania seated left; trophy with weapons in background. 63) Germania seated right; trophy in background. 64) Germania seated right; trophy with weapons in background. 65) Hands, in handshake, holding caduceus. 66) Hands, in handshake, holding grain ears 67) Hands, in handshake, holding legionary eagle. 68) Hands, in handshake, holding standard. 69) Hilaritas standing left, holding palm and cornucopia. 70) Honos standing left, holding branch and cornucopia 71) Honos standing, facing, holding scepter and cornucopia 72) Jupiter head right 73) Jupiter seated left, holding thunderbolt and scepter. 74) Jupiter seated left, holding Victory and scepter. 75) Jupiter standing right, aiming thunderbolt at enemy lying to right. 76) Justitia seated left, holding patera and scepter. 77) Juventas standing left, holding branch and scepter. 78) Juventas standing left, sacrificing over candelabrum and holding patera. 79) Juventas standing left, holding branch; trophy to right with shield at base 80) Liberalitas standing left, holding coin counter and cornucopia. 81) Libertas standing left, holding pileus and scepter. 82) Lucius Verus bare head right. 83) Marcus Aurelius advancing left over bridge followed by 2 soldiers; three boats under bridge. 84) Marcus Aurelius advancing left over bridge followed by 5 soldiers; three boats under bridge. 85) Marcus Aurelius advancing left over bridge followed by 6 soldiers; three boats under bridge. 86) Marcus Aurelius and Commodus riding quadriga right. 87) Marcus Aurelius and Commodus seated left on platform, attended by lictor and officer giving donative to citizen on steps to lower left. 88) Marcus Aurelius and Commodus seated left on platform; Liberalitas to left, holding coin counter and scepter, citizen on steps to lower left. 89) Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus riding quadriga left. 90) Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus seated left on platform, attended by lictor and officer giving donative to citizen on steps to lower left. 91) Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus seated left on platform; Liberalitas to left, holding coin counter and scepter, citizen on steps to lower left. 92) Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus standing, facing each other, shaking hands. 93) Marcus Aurelius bare head right.

129 94) Marcus Aurelius laureate head right 95) Marcus Aurelius riding eagle right, holding scepter. 96) Marcus Aurelius riding elephant quadriga right 97) Marcus Aurelius riding horse right, holding spear, soldier to right and 2 soldiers to left 98) Marcus Aurelius riding horse right, holding spear, soldier to right and 3 soldiers to left 99) Marcus Aurelius riding horse right, raising hand and holding parazonium. 100) Marcus Aurelius riding quadriga left, holding scepter with eagle atop. 101) Marcus Aurelius riding quadriga right. 102) Marcus Aurelius left on right, holding hand of kneeling Italia, holding globe, and scepter. 103) Marcus Aurelius left on right, shaking hands with Faustina II to left; Concordia between them, in background 104) Marcus Aurelius seated left, holding branch and scepter. 105) Marcus Aurelius standing left, holding branch and scepter. 106) Marcus Aurelius standing left, holding globe. 107) Marcus Aurelius standing left, holding thunderbolt and spear, being crowned by Victory from behind, holding palm. 108) Marcus Aurelius standing left, sacrificing over altar 109) Marcus Aurelius standing left, sacrificing over altar and holding scepter 110) Marcus Aurelius standing left, sacrificing over altar and holding standard 111) Marcus Aurelius standing left, sacrificing over altar; bull to left 112) Marcus Aurelius standing right on platform, attended by two lictors, addressing three soldiers below. 113) Mars advancing left, holding trophy and spear. 114) Mars advancing left, holding Victory and trophy. 115) Mars advancing right, holding spear and trophy. 116) Mars standing right, holding shield reading SC and spear. 117) Mars standing right, holding shield reading SC on captive and spear 118) Mercury standing left, holding purse and caduceus. 119) Mercury standing left, holding purse and caduceus; cock by feet. 120) Minerva advancing right, aiming spear and holding shield. 121) Minerva seated right, holding spear and pulling veil; shield to side. 122) Minerva seated right, holding spear and shield. 123) Minerva standing left, holding branch and spear with shield 124) Minerva standing left, holding owl and resting hand on shield. 125) Minerva standing left, holding owl and spear with shield. 126) Minerva standing left, holding Victory and spear with shield. 127) Minerva standing right, holding spear and resting hand on shield. 128) Modius with grain ears 129) Pax seated left, holding branch and cornucopia. 130) Pax standing left, holding branch and cornucopia. 131) Pax standing left, setting weapons on fire and holding cornucopia 132) Pietas standing left, holding baby in either arm; child on either side. 133) Pietas standing left, holding patera and scepter. 134) Pietas standing left, raising hand over altar and holding incense box. 135) Pietas standing left, raising hand over child and holding baby. 136) Pietas standing left, raising hand over child and holding incense box 137) Pietas standing left, sacrificing over altar and holding incense box. 138) Pietas standing left, touching child to left and holding baby. 139) Pietas standing, facing, holding patera and scepter. 140) Providentia standing left, holding globe and cornucopia. 141) Providentia standing left, holding wand over globe and scepter. 142) Providentia standing left, leaning on column, raising hand over globe and holding scepter. 143) Roma seated left, holding Palladium and parazonium; shield below 144) Roma seated left, holding Palladium and spear; shield below 145) Roma seated left, holding spear; shield below 146) Roma seated left, holding Victory and cornucopia. 147) Roma seated left, holding Victory and parazonium. 148) Roma seated left, holding Victory and spear; shield below 149) Roma standing left, holding Victory and spear 150) Roma standing left, stepping on helmet, holding Victory and spear. 151) Sacrificial implements: simpulum, cruet, lituus, etc. (variously arranged) 152) Salus seated left, feeding snake 153) Salus seated left, feeding snake on altar. 154) Salus standing left, feeding snake on altar 155) Salus standing left, feeding snake on altar and holding scepter. 156) Salus standing right, holding and feeding snake. 157) Securitas seated left, holding scepter 158) Securitas seated right, resting head on hand and cradling scepter. 159) Securitas standing left, holding wreath and palm. 160) Securitas standing left, leaning on column, raising hand and holding scepter. 161) Securitas standing right, holding wreath over head and palm. 162) Spes advancing left, holding flower and raising skirt. 163) Spes standing left, leaning on column, holding flower. 164) Temple with (4) columns, Mercury within. 165) Thunderbolt, winged 166) Tiber lying left, resting arm on boat and cradling scepter. 167) Trophies (3) 168) Trophy; seated captive to left, standing captive to right. 169) Trophy; standing captive to left, seated captive to right. 170) Venus standing left, raising hand and holding shield. 171) Vesta standing right, holding Palladium and scepter. 172) Victory advancing left, holding opened wreath with both hands. 173) Victory advancing left, holding trophy and wreath. 174) Victory advancing left, holding wreath and palm 175) Victory advancing left, holding wreath and trophy 176) Victory advancing right, holding trophy and wreath. 177) Victory advancing right, holding wreath and palm. 178) Victory seated left, holding patera and palm. 179) Victory standing left on globe, holding wreath and palm. 180) Victory standing left on globe, holding wreath and trophy. 181) Victory standing left, holding wreath and trophy. 182) Victory standing right, holding palm and shield reading VIC / AVG on palm

130 183) Victory standing right, holding palm and shield reading VIC / GER on palm 184) Victory standing right, holding palm and shield reading VIC / PAR on palm 185) Victory standing right, holding trophy; seated captive to right. 186) Virtus seated left, holding parazonium and spear. 187) Virtus seated left, holding patera and palm. 188) Virtus seated right, holding spear and parazonium. 189) Virtus standing left, holding parazonium and spear. 190) Virtus standing left, holding Victory and parazonium 191) Virtus standing right, holding spear and resting hand on shield. 192) Virtus standing right, stepping on helmet, holding spear and parazonium. 193) Weapons, in a pile. 194) Wolf standing right, suckling Romulus and Remus 195) Wreath, METAL / AVRELIA / NIS within 196) Wreath, IVVENTVS within 197) Wreath, PRIMI / DECEN / NALES / COS / III within 198) Wreath, VICT / GERM / IMP VI / COS III within 199) Wreath, VICT / GERMA / IMP VI / COS III within 200) Wreath, VOTA PVBLICA within.

Mints: 1) Caesarea 2) Roma

AU Aureus Reference(s) 1) B02, O09, R143, T018 RIC 456c (III, A. Pius), C 26 2) B03, O11, R045, T069 RIC 432a (III, A. Pius), BMC 606, C 233 3) B03, O11, R078, T151 RIC 424a (III, A Pius), BMC 276, C 450 4) B03, O12, R178, T103 RIC 434 (III, A. Pius), BMC 610, C 1021 5) B06, O19, R099, T155 Exe: COS III RIC 77 (III, M. Aurelius), BMC 226, C 560 6) B07, O07, R153, T115 RIC 481 (III, A. Pius), C 753 7) B07, O09, R146, T147 RIC 457b (III, A. Pius), C 660 8) B07, O24, R113, T184 9) B09, O10, R132, T127 RIC 438a (III, A. Pius), C 606 10) B09, O11, R045, T069 RIC 432b (III, A. Pius), BMC 608, C 234 11) B11, O24, R115, T001 RIC 189 (III, M. Aurelius), BMC 465, C 898 12) B13, O45, R048, T099 RIC 295 (III, M. Aurelius) 13) B14, O17, R089, T140 RIC 20 (III, M. Aurelius), BMC 14 14) B14, O20, R182, T106 RIC 250 (III, M. Aurelius), BMC 552a 15) B14, O24, R113, T174 RIC 174 (III, M. Aurelius), C 883 16) B14, O26, R107, T011 Exe: ARMEN RIC 86 (III, M. Aurelius), C 11 17) B14, O27, R083, T040 RIC 136 (III, M. Aurelius), BMC 375, C 479 18) B14, O30, R121, T041 19) B14, O47, R129, T109 RIC 408 (III, M. Aurelius), BMC 792

AU Quinarius 20) B03, O13, R146, T190 RIC 457a (III, A. Pius), C 26

AR Denarius 21) B03, O02, R082, T191 RIC 123 (III, M. Aurelius), C 472 22) B03, O02, R085, T191 RIC 91 (III, M. Aurelius), C 468 23) B03, O05, R149, T002 RIC 466a (III, A. Pius), S 4792 24) B03, O05, R149, T189 RIC 468 (III, A. Pius) 25) B03, O05, R150, T041 RIC 470 (III, A. Pius), C 709 26) B03, O05, R150, T189 RIC 473 (III, A. Pius), C 721 27) B03, O05, R151, T041 RIC 475a (III, A. Pius), C 727 28) B03, O05, R151, T162 RIC 476 (III, A. Pius), C 731 29) B03, O10, R023, T070 RIC 426 (III, A. Pius), C 100 30) B03, O10, R024, T163 RIC 431 (III, A. Pius), S 4783 31) B03, O10, R130, T192 RIC 433 (III, A. Pius), C 1006 32) B03, O10, R132, T048 RIC 436 (III, A. Pius), C 602 33) B03, O10, R133, T127 RIC 438b (III, A. Pius), C 608 34) B03, O10, R149, T002 RIC 466b (III, A. Pius), C 701 35) B03, O11, R024, T070 RIC 429a (III, A. Pius), S 4784, C 105 36) B03, O11, R046, T070 RIC 422 (III, A. Pius), C 236 37) B03, O11, R078, T151 RIC 424 (III, A. Pius), S 4786, C 451 38) B03, O13, R133, T018 RIC 448b (III, A. Pius), S 4781 39) B03, O13, R133, T141 RIC 446 (III, A. Pius), S 4789, C 628 40) B03, O13, R143, T110 RIC 453 (III, A. Pius), C 645 41) B03, O13, R146, T110 RIC 458 (III, A. Pius), C 661 42) B03, O13, R147, T110 RIC 461 (III, A. Pius), C 673 43) B03, O13, R148, T125 RIC 463a (III, A. Pius), C 676 44) B03, O13, R153, T120 RIC 483 (III, A. Pius), C 762 45) B03, O19, R008, T024 Exe: COS III RIC 59 (III, M. Aurelius) 46) B03, O21, R006, T024 Exe: COS III RIC 2 (III, M. Aurelius), C 30 47) B03, O21, R007, T024 Exe: COS III RIC 35 (III, M. Aurelius), C 35 48) B03, O21, R089, T140 RIC 22 (III, M. Aurelius), C 507 49) B03, O21, R090, T140 RIC 50 (III, M. Aurelius), C 519 50) B03, O36, R008, T024 Exe: COS III RIC 62 (III, M. Aurelius), C 42 51) B03, O36, R091, T140 RIC 70 (III, M. Aurelius), C 526

131 52) B03, O36, R108, T038 RIC 110 (III, M. Aurelius), C 852 53) B03, O36, R108, T123 RIC 102 (III, M. Aurelius), C 847 54) B11, O02, R082, T008 RIC 125 (III, M. Aurelius), C 474 55) B11, O02, R082, T012 Exe: ARMEN RIC 122 (III, M. Aurelius), C 9 56) B11, O02, R082, T040 RIC 132 (III, M. Aurelius), C 476 57) B11, O02, R082, T191 RIC 124 (III, M. Aurelius), C 473 58) B11, O02, R085, T012 Exe: ARMEN RIC 81 (III, M. Aurelius), S 4881 59) B11, O02, R085, T191 RIC 92 (III, M. Aurelius), C 469 60) B11, O16, R006, T024 Exe: COS III RIC 1 (III, M. Aurelius),C 32 61) B11, O19, R008, T024 Exe: COS III RIC 60 (III, M. Aurelius), C 40 62) B11, O19, R091, T140 RIC 73 (III, M. Aurelius), C 525 63) B11, O20, R025, T073 RIC 228 (III, M. Aurelius), S 4884, C 114 64) B11, O20, R183, T108 Exe: COS III RIC 251 (III, M. Aurelius), C 1036 65) B11, O20, R184, T197 RIC 245 (III, M. Aurelius), S 4924, C 493 66) B11, O21, R006, T024 Exe: COS III RIC 3 (III, M. Aurelius), C 31 67) B11, O21, R007, T024 Exe: COS III RIC 37 (III, M. Aurelius), BMC 185, C 36 68) B11, O21, R030, T039 RIC 14 (III, M. Aurelius), C 196 69) B11, O21, R089, T140 RIC 23 (III, M. Aurelius), C 508 70) B11, O21, R090, T140 RIC 51 (III, M. Aurelius), C 518 71) B11, O23, R026, T191 RIC 418 (III, M. Aurelius), C 147 72) B11, O24, R041, T049 RIC 185 (III, M. Aurelius), C 208 73) B11, O24, R081, T137 RIC 149 (III, M. Aurelius), C 464 74) B11, O24, R111, T130 RIC 164 (III, M. Aurelius), C 880 75) B11, O24, R111, T184 RIC 163 (III, M. Aurelius), S 4933, C 878 76) B11, O24, R113, T002 RIC 171 (III, M. Aurelius), C 882 77) B11, O24, R113, T141 RIC 170 (III, M. Aurelius), C 881 78) B11, O24, R114, T002 RIC 178 (III, M. Aurelius), C 892 79) B11, O24, R114, T141 RIC 176 (III, M. Aurelius), C 890 80) B11, O24, R115, T001 RIC 191 (III, M. Aurelius), C 899 81) B11, O24, R115, T002 RIC 192 (III, M. Aurelius), C 901 82) B11, O26, R109, T191 RIC 120 (III, M. Aurelius), C 868 83) B11, O27, R081, T137 RIC 148 (III, M. Aurelius), C 463 84) B11, O27, R083, T006 RIC 142 (III, M. Aurelius), C 484 85) B11, O27, R083, T144 RIC 138 (III, M. Aurelius), C 481 86) B11, O30, R077, T133 RIC 380 (III, M. Aurelius), C 442 87) B11, O30, R101, T157 RIC 325 (III, M. Aurelius) 88) B11, O30, R118, T058 RIC 327 (III, M. Aurelius), C 917 89) B11, O30, R121, T002 RIC 359 (III, M. Aurelius), C 938 90) B11, O30, R121, T039 RIC 356 (III, M. Aurelius), C 93 91) B11, O30, R121, T115 RIC 349 (III, M. Aurelius), C 926 92) B11, O30, R121, T149 RIC 352 (III, M. Aurelius) 93) B11, O30, R123, T045 RIC 374 (III, M. Aurelius), C 945 94) B11, O30, R123, T069 RIC 375 (III, M. Aurelius), C 946 95) B11, O30, R123, T174 RIC 378 (III, M. Aurelius), S 4944, C 949 96) B11, O30, R123, T193 RIC 367 (III, M. Aurelius), C 173 97) B11, O36, R108, T038 RIC 112 (III, M. Aurelius) 98) B11, O39, R032, T041 RIC 203 (III, M. Aurelius), S 4498 99) B11, O39, R066, T080 RIC 206 (III, M. Aurelius) 100) B11, O39, R095, T155 RIC 207 (III, M. Aurelius), C 543 101) B11, O40, R025, T027 RIC 212 (III, M. Aurelius), C 130 102) B11, O40, R025, T120 RIC 211 (III, M. Aurelius), C 211 103) B11, O40, R025, T156 RIC 216 (III, M. Aurelius), C 139 104) B11, O40, R040, T049 RIC 220 (III, M. Aurelius), C 205 105) B11, O40, R095, T155 RIC 222 (III, M. Aurelius), C 546 106) B11, O40, R168, T175 RIC 225 (III, M. Aurelius), 9 107) B11, O41, R049, T039 RIC 314 (III, M. Aurelius) 108) B11, O41, R049, T115 RIC 310 (III, M. Aurelius), C 315 109) B11, O41, R049, T149 RIC 316 (III, M. Aurelius), C 341 110) B11, O41, R049, T178 RIC 312 (III, M. Aurelius) 111) B11, O41, R050, T178 RIC 324 (III, M. Aurelius), C 355 112) B11, O42, R025, T074 RIC 227 (III, M. Aurelius), C 113 113) B11, O42, R048, T174 RIC 237 (III, M. Aurelius) 114) B11, O43, R048, T002 RIC 252 (III, M. Aurelius), S 4903 115) B11, O43, R048, T148 RIC 259 (III, M. Aurelius), S 4902, C 280 116) B11, O43, R048, T191 RIC 261 (III, M. Aurelius), S 4901, C 290 117) B11, O44, R048, T015 RIC 278 (III, M. Aurelius), C 297 118) B11, O44, R048, T105 RIC 282 (III, M. Aurelius) 119) B11, O44, R048, T177 RIC 273 (III, M. Aurelius), S 4904, C 261 120) B11, O44, R048, T191 RIC 276 (III, M. Aurelius), C 292 121) B11, O45, R031, T043 RIC 285b (III, M. Aurelius) 122) B11, O45, R048, T014 RIC 289 (III, M. Aurelius), C 298 123) B11, O45, R048, T106 RIC 296 (III, M. Aurelius), C 306 124) B11, O45, R048, T115 RIC 286 (III, M. Aurelius), C 254 125) B11, O45, R048, T177 RIC 287 (III, M. Aurelius), C 263 126) B11, O45, R049, T039 RIC 304 (III, M. Aurelius), C 331 127) B11, O47, R026, T147 RIC 420 (III, M. Aurelius), C 148 128) B11, O47, R124, T152 RIC 385 (III, M. Aurelius), C 954 129) B11, O47, R125, T153 RIC 399 (III, M. Aurelius), C 965 130) B11, O47, R125, T191 RIC 396 (III, M. Aurelius), C 963 131) B11, O47, R129, T153 RIC 403 (III, M. Aurelius), C 968 132) B13, O02, R082, T008 RIC 126 (III, M. Aurelius) 133) B13, O23, R026, T006 RIC 424 (III, A. Pius), C 151 134) B13, O43, R048, T191 RIC 262 (III, M. Aurelius), C 291 135) B13, O44, R048, T148 136) B14, O24, R113, T002 137) B14, O27, R085, T012 Exe: ARMEN RIC 82a (III, M. Aurelius), C 7d 138) B14, O44, R048, T105 RIC 283 (III, M. Aurelius) 139) B14, O45, R048, T177 RIC 288 (III, M. Aurelius), C 264 140) B14, O47, R129, T050 RIC 409 (III, M. Aurelius), C 972

132 141) B16, O21, R089, T140 RIC 25 (III, M. Aurelius), C 510 142) Ba, O03, R002, T058 RIC 443 (III, M. Aurelius)

AR Denarius (Posthumous) Reference(s) 143) B03, O15, R022, T030 RIC 274 (III, Commodus), C 88 144) B03, O15, R022, T031 RIC 267 (III, Commodus), C 80 145) B03, O15, R022, T032 RIC 265 (III, Commodus) 146) B03, O15, R022, T033 RIC 272 (III, Commodus), C 84 147) B03, O15, R022, T034 RIC 273 (III, Commodus), C 91 148) B03, O15, R022, T035 RIC 269 (III, Commodus), C 83 149) B03, O15, R022, T055 RIC 275 (III, Commodus), C 97 150) Ba, O02, R002, T056 RIC 443 (III, Commodus)

AE Sestertius 151) B03, O12, R184, T120 RIC 1243a (III, A. Pius), C 576 152) B03, O18, R010, T092 Exe: COS III RIC 795 (III, M. Aurelius) 153) B03, O54, R132, T048 RIC 1270 (III, A. Pius), C 614 154) B03, O59, R059, T079 RIC 1233a (III, A. Pius), C 394 155) B03, O59, R078, T151 Exe: SC RIC 1234a (III, A. Pius), C 454 156) B09, O60, R148, T125 RIC 1321 (III, A. Pius), C 678 157) B11, O18, R011, T092 Exe: COS III RIC 826 (III, M. Aurelius), C 54 158) B11, O18, R098, T155 Exe: COS III RIC 835 (III, M. Aurelius) 159) B11, O18, R099, T155 Exe: COS III RIC 844 (III, M. Aurelius), C 564 160) B11, O31, R055, T193 Exe: DE GERMANIS RIC 1184 (III, M. Aurelius), C 163 161) B11, O40, R025, T098 Exe: PROFECTIO AVG / SC RIC 977 (III, M. Aurelius), C 502 162) B11, O40, R095, T155 RIC 979 (III, M. Aurelius), C 547 163) B11, O41, R050, T042 RIC 1136 (III, M. Aurelius), C 163 164) B11, O42, R025, T073 RIC 989 (III, M. Aurelius) 165) B11, O42, R025, T115 RIC 992 (III, M. Aurelius), C 127 166) B11, O42, R048, T183 RIC 1001 (III, M. Aurelius), C 269 167) B11, O42, R184, T197 RIC 1003 (III, M. Aurelius), C 495 168) B11, O43, R043, T013 RIC 1021 (III, M. Aurelius) 169) B11, O43, R048, T183 RIC 1029 (III, M. Aurelius), C 272 170) B11, O44, R044. T168 Exe: SC RIC 1062 (III, M. Aurelius), C 229 171) B11, O44, R184, T198 Exe: SC RIC 1090 (III, M. Aurelius), C 995 172) B11, O48, R161, T184 RIC 931 (III, M. Aurelius), C 807 173) B11, O50, R160, T191 RIC 898 (III, M. Aurelius), C 796 174) B13, O44, R048, T164 Exe: RELIG AVG RIC 1076 (III, M. Aurelius), C 534 175) B13, O54, R034, T041 RIC 1237 (III, A. Pius), C 185 176) B13, O55, R175, T188 RIC 1250 (III, M. Aurelius), C 576

AE Sestertius (Posthumous) 177) B03, O15, R022, T029 RIC 658 (III, Commodus) 178) B03, O15, R022, T033 RIC 657 (III, Commodus) 179) B03, O15, R022, T055 RIC 662 (III, Commodus), C 98

AE Dupondius 180) B17, O18, R011, T092 Exe: COS III RIC 828 (III, M. Aurelius), S 5021, C 58 181) B17, O20, R037, T047 RIC 999 (III, M. Aurelius), C 200 182) B17, O39, R095, T155 RIC 965 (III, M. Aurelius) 183) B17, O42, R184, T197 RIC 1004 (III, M. Aurelius), C 496 184) B17, O43, R048, T148 RIC 1035 (III, M. Aurelius)

AE As 185) B03, O05, R149, T071 HO NOS and S C across fields RIC 1279 (III, A. Pius), S 4803, C 242 186) B03, O07, R176, T192 187) B03, O10, R130, T048 RIC 1288 (III, A. Pius) 188) B03, O10, R152, T192 189) B03, O11, R045, T069 RIC 1260 (III, A. Pius) 190) B03, O11, R078, T151 Exe: SC RIC 1240a (III, A. Pius), S 4834, C 455 191) B03, O12, R184, T127 RIC 1264 (III, A. Pius), C 573 192) B09, O05, R149, T137 RIC 1333 (III, A. Pius) 193) B09, O11, R078, T151 Exe: SC RIC 1234b (III, A. Pius), C 457 194) B11, O44, R103, T161 RIC 1083 (III, M. Aurelius), C 584 195) B11, O46, R054, T131 RIC 1202 (M. Aurelius), C 363

AE As (Posthumous) 196) B03, O15, R022, T033 RIC 664 (III, Commodus), C 86

AE Semis 197) Bb, O61, R184, T195

133

Marcus Aurelius Busts

Marcus Aurelius Types

134

Marcus Aurelius Types (continued)

135

Marcus Aurelius Types (continued)

136

Faustina II

b. ca.128 - d.175

Daughter of Antoninus Pius and Faustina Sr. and wife of Marcus Aurelius. She was also the mother of Commodus and Lucilla, wife of Lucius Verus. Her claim to fame, or rather notoriety, was her rampant unfaithfulness to Marcus Aurelius who, it seemed, was the only Roman who wasn't on to her. Upon her death a mournful Aurelius asked for her deification. Alarmed at

the possible scandal but unwilling to test the will of the beloved emperor the Senate complied.

Busts:

1) Diademed, draped bust right 2) Draped bust left 3) Draped bust right 4) Veiled, draped bust right

Obverses:

1) DIVA AVG FAVSTINA 2) DIVA FAVSTINA PIA 3) DIVAE FAVSTIN AVG MATR CASTROR 4) DIVAE FAVSTINAE PIAE 5) FAVSTINA AVG ANTONINI AVG 6) FAVSTINA AVG P II AVG FIL 7) FAVSTINA AVGVSTA 8) FAVSTINA AVGVSTA AVG P II F 9) FAVSTINA AVGVSTA AVG P II FIL 10) FAVSTINA AVGVSTA P II AVG FIL 11) FAVSTINAE AVG ANTONINI AVG P II FIL 12) FAVSTINAE AVG P II AVG F 13) FAVSTINAE AVG P II AVG FIL

Reverses:

1) AETERNITAS 2) AVGVSTA 3) AVGVSTI P II FIL 4) CERES 5) CONCORDIA 6) CONCORDIA AVG 7) CONSECRATIO 8) DIANA LVCIF 9) DIANA LVCINA 10) DIVA FAVSTINA 11) FECVND AVGVSTAE 12) FECVNDITAS 13) FECVNDITAS AVGVST 14) FECVNDITAS AVGVSTAE 15) FELICITAS

16) FORTVNAE MVLIEBRI 17) HILARITAS 18) INDVLGENTIA AVG 19) IVNO 20) IVNONI LVCINAE 21) IVNONI REGINAE 22) LAETITIA 23) LAETITIA PVB 24) LAETITIA PVBLICAE 25) LAETITIAE PVBLICAE 26) MATRI CASTRORVM 27) MATRI MAGNAE 28) PIETAS 29) PVDICITIA 30) SAECVLI FELICIT

31) SALVS 32) SALVTI AVG COS TRIB POT 33) SALVTI AVGVSTAE 34) SIDERIBVS RECEPTA 35) TEMPOR FELIC 36) VENERI AVGVSTAE 37) VENERI FELICI 38) VENERI GENETRICI 39) VENERI VICTRICI 40) VENVS 41) VENVS FELIX 42) VENVS GENETRIX 43) VENVS VICTRIX 44) VESTA 45) No legend

Types:

1) Aeternitas standing left, holding globe and pulling veil. 2) Aeternitas standing left, holding globe and raising skirt. 3) Aeternitas standing left, leaning on column, holding phoenix on globe. 4) Aeternitas standing, facing, pulling veil and holding torch. 5) Altar 6) Ceres seated left, holding grain ears and raising skirt. 7) Ceres seated left, holding grain ears and torch. 8) Ceres standing left, holding grain ears and torch. 9) Children (2) seated, facing, stars above 10) Concordia seated left, holding flower; globe below. 11) Concordia seated left, holding patera. 12) Concordia standing left, holding patera and cornucopia. 13) Concordia standing left, holding patera and two cornucopiae. 14) Concordia standing, facing, raising skirt and holding cornucopia. 15) Crescent surrounded by seven stars 16) Cybele seated left, holding branch and resting arm on drum; lion below 17) Cybele seated left, holding drum; lion on either side. 18) Cybele seated right, holding drum; lion on either side. 19) Dove standing right 20) Eagle 21) Faustina II riding biga right 22) Faustina II riding eagle left, upwards 23) Faustina II riding elephant biga left, holding scepter. 24) Faustina II seated left, holding scepter and phoenix on globe; standards (2) to left. 25) Faustina II seated left, holding scepter and phoenix on globe; standards (3) to left. 26) Faustina II seated left, holding scepter, dancer with veil overhead on either side.

Just as with the rest of the coins of this period the Denarius becomes the default denomination that collectors will find available. But her bronze series is well represented as well with the three main denominations of the Sestertius, Dupondius and As. Many of these can be located in very nice grades although, as usual, the truly top end coins are normally carried via the bigger numismatic firms. A decent Denarius can be had for as little as $20 and a very nice example for just two or three times that much.

137 27) Faustina II standing left, sacrificing over altar and holding incense box; standards (2) in background. 28) Faustina II standing left, sacrificing over altar and holding incense box; standards (3) in background. 29) Fecunditas standing left, holding baby in each arm; child on either side. 30) Fecunditas standing left, holding scepter and baby. 31) Fecunditas standing right, holding baby in each arm; child on either side. 32) Fecunditas standing right, holding baby; child on either side. 33) Fecunditas standing right, holding scepter and baby. 34) Fortuna seated left, holding rudder on globe and cornucopia 35) Funeral pyre 36) Hilaritas standing left, holding palm and cornucopia. 37) Hilaritas standing right, pulling veil and holding palm. 38) Indulgentia seated left, holding patera. 39) Juno seated left, holding child on lap and scepter; another child to left, holding grain ears. 40) Juno seated left, holding patera and scepter. 41) Juno seated left, holding patera and scepter; peacock to left. 42) Juno standing left, holding patera and scepter. 43) Juno standing left, holding patera and scepter; peacock to left. 44) Laetitia standing left, holding globe and scepter. 45) Laetitia standing left, holding wreath and scepter. 46) Laetitia standing right, holding scepter and wreath 47) Luna (Diana) standing left, holding arrow and bow 48) Luna (Diana) standing left, holding arrow and resting hand on bow 49) Luna (Diana) standing left, holding scepter with both hands 50) Luna (Diana) standing left, holding torch with both hands. 51) Luna (Diana) standing right, holding scepter with both hands 52) Luna (Diana) standing right, holding torch with both hands. 53) Minerva standing left, holding branch and spear with shield. 54) Peacock flying left, bearing Faustina II towards heaven. 55) Peacock standing left 56) Peacock standing right 57) Peacock standing, facing 58) Pietas seated left, raising skirt and holding cornucopia; child to left. 59) Pietas standing left, holding flower and cornucopia; child to left. 60) Pietas standing left, sacrificing over altar and holding scepter. 61) Pudicitia seated left, pulling veil 62) Pudicitia standing left, pulling veil and raising skirt. 63) Pudicitia standing left, raising hand and pulling dress 64) Pudicitia standing left, sacrificing over altar. 65) Pudicitia standing left, touching head. 66) Pudicitia standing, facing, raising skirt and holding cornucopia 67) Sacrificial ceremony with six members in front of temple with six columns. 68) Salus seated left, feeding snake on altar 69) Salus seated left, feeding snake on altar and holding scepter. 70) Spes standing left, holding flower and raising skirt. 71) Throne with two children 72) Throne with two children; stars above. 73) Throne with scepter across and peacock in front 74) Venus seated left, holding Victory and scepter. 75) Venus standing left, holding apple and rudder on dove 76) Venus standing left, holding apple and rudder with dolphin coiled around 77) Venus standing left, holding apple and scepter 78) Venus standing left, holding apple and touching head. 79) Venus standing left, holding apples and baby wrapped in blankets. 80) Venus standing left, holding dove and scepter. 81) Venus standing left, holding rudder 82) Venus standing left, holding rudder with dolphin coiled around 83) Venus standing left, holding Victory and resting hand on shield 84) Venus standing left, holding Victory and resting hand on shield on helmet. 85) Venus standing left, pulling veil and holding apple. 86) Venus standing right on left, holding arm of Mars to right, holding shield. 87) Venus standing right, holding scepter and apple. 88) Venus standing right, leaning on column, holding spear and helmet 89) Venus standing, facing, pulling veil and holding apple 90) Vesta seated left, holding Palladium and scepter. 91) Vesta seated left, holding simpulum and Palladium. 92) Vesta standing left, holding globe and scepter 93) Victory advancing right, holding torch, carrying Faustina II upwards 94) Wreath, PRIMI DECENNALES COS III within.

Mint:

1) Roma

AU Aureus Reference(s)

1) B1, O07, R33, T68 RIC 717a (III, M. Aurelius), C 199 2) B2, O07, R03, T47 RIC 494b (III, Ant. Pius), C 19 3) B3, O06, R05, T19 RIC 503a (III, Ant. Pius), C 61 4) B3, O13, R40, T76 RIC 515b (III, Ant. Pius), C 260 5) B3, O13, R40, T89 RIC 514 (III, Ant. Pius), C 256

AU Quinarius(s)

6) B3, O13, R40, T89 RIC 514 (III, A. Pius), BMC 1061, C 256

138 AR Denarius Reference(s)

7) B1, O07, R21, T41 RIC 698 (III, M. Aurelius), S 5257, C 145 8) B1, O07, R21, T43 RIC 696 (III, M. Aurelius) 9) B1, O07, R22, T45 RIC 701 (III, M. Aurelius), C 148 10) B1, O07, R30, T71 RIC 712 (III, M. Aurelius), C 191 11) B1, O13, R25, T45 RIC 506c (III, Ant. Pius), S 4705 12) B2, O06, R05, T10 RIC 502b (III, Ant. Pius), C 55 13) B2, O07, R03, T84 RIC 495b (III, Ant. Pius), C 15a 14) B3, O05, R06, T13 15) B3, O06, R05, T11 RIC 502a (III, Ant. Pius), S 4704, C 54 16) B3, O06, R29, T66 Curtis Clay collection 17) B3, O07, R03, T70 RIC 497 (III, Ant. Pius), S 4702, C 24 18) B3, O07, R03, T84 RIC 495a (III, Ant. Pius), S 4700, C 15 19) B3, O07, R05, T07 RIC 669 (III, M. Aurelius), C 35 20) B3, O07, R08, T50 RIC 674 (III, M. Aurelius), C 85 21) B3, O07, R11, T31 RIC 676 (III, M. Aurelius), S 5251, C 95 22) B3, O07, R12, T33 RIC 677 (III, M. Aurelius), S 5252, C 99 23) B3, O07, R15, T34 RIC 683 (III, M. Aurelius), C 107 24) B3, O07, R17, T36 RIC 686 (III, M. Aurelius), S 5254, C 111 25) B3, O07, R19, T41 RIC 689 (III, M. Aurelius), C 126 26) B3, O07, R19, T42 RIC 690 (III, M. Aurelius) 27) B3, O07, R19, T43 RIC 688 (III, M. Aurelius), S 5255, C 120 28) B3, O07, R21, T41 RIC 697 (III, M. Aurelius), C 144 29) B3, O07, R21, T43 RIC 694 (III, M. Aurelius), C 141 30) B3, O07, R27, T16 RIC 706 (III, M. Aurelius), S 5259, C 172 31) B3, O07, R29, T64 RIC 708 (III, M. Aurelius) 32) B3, O07, R30, T71 RIC 711 (III, M. Aurelius) 33) B3, O07, R31, T68 RIC 714 (III, M. Aurelius), C 195 34) B3, O07, R31, T69 RIC 715 (III, M. Aurelius), C 197 35) B3, O07, R35, T29 RIC 719 (III, M. Aurelius), C 221 36) B3, O07, R36, T74 RIC 721 (III, M. Aurelius), S 5264, C 226 37) B3, O07, R40, T77 RIC 728 (III, M. Aurelius), C 249 38) B3, O07, R40, T80 RIC 730 (III, M. Aurelius), S 5266 39) B3, O07, R42, T74 RIC 735 (III, M. Aurelius), C 281 40) B3, O07, R42, T83 RIC 734 (III, M. Aurelius), S 5268, C 280 41) B3, O07, R44, T90 RIC 737 (III, M. Aurelius), S 5270, C 286 42) B3, O08, R29, T64 RIC 508a (III, Ant. Pius), C 184 43) B3, O11, R05, T14 RIC 500b (III, Ant. Pius), S 4703, C 42 44) B3, O13, R29, T62 RIC 507a (III, Ant. Pius), C 176 45) B3, O13, R40, T75 RIC 515b (III, Ant. Pius), C 261 46) B3, O13, R40, T76 RIC 517a (III, Ant. Pius), C 266

AR Denarius (Posthumous)

47) B3, O02, R01, T03 RIC 740 (III, M. Aurelius), C 6 48) B3, O02, R01, T04 RIC 739 (III, M. Aurelius), C 2 49) B3, O02, R07, T05 RIC 746 (III, M. Aurelius), C 75 50) B3, O02, R07, T15 RIC 750 (III, M. Aurelius), S 5219, C 83 51) B3, O02, R07, T56 RIC 744 (III, M. Aurelius), S 5215, C 71 52) B3, O02, R07, T57 RIC 743 (III, M. Aurelius), C 70 53) B3, O02, R07, T73 RIC 745 (III, M. Aurelius), S 5216, C 73 54) B4, O02, R07, T35 RIC 747 (III, M. Aurelius), C 77

AE Sestertius

55) B1, O07, R12, T33 RIC 1638 (III, M. Aurelius), C 100 56) B1, O07, R21, T43 RIC 1651 (III, M. Aurelius), C 142 57) B1, O07, R33, T68 Exe: SC RIC 1668 (III, M. Aurelius), C 200 58) B1, O07, R38, T84 RIC 1679 (III, M. Aurelius) 59) B1, O13, R29, T61 RIC 1404b (III, Ant. Pius), C 187 60) B3, O06, R28, T59 RIC 1379 (III, Ant. Pius), S 4715, C 173 61) B3, O07, R22, T45 RIC 1654 (III, M. Aurelius), C 149 62) B3, O07, R30, T71 63) B3, O07, R30, T71 Exe: SC 64) B3, O09, R44, T92 RIC 1387 (III, Ant. Pius), C 250 65) B3, O09, R45, T48 RIC 1383 (III, Ant. Pius), C 210

AE Sestertius (Posthumous)

66) B3, O02, R01, T03 RIC 1692 (III, M. Aurelius), C 4 67) B3, O02, R01, T26 RIC 1697 (III, M. Aurelius), C 10 68) B3, O02, R01, T93 RIC 1699 (III, M. Aurelius), C 12 69) B3, O02, R07, T05 RIC 1706 (III, M. Aurelius), C 72 70) B3, O02, R07, T55 RIC 1703 (III, M. Aurelius), C 72 71) B3, O02, R07, T73 RIC 1705 (III, M. Aurelius) 72) B3, O02, R34, T21 RIC 1717 (III, M. Aurelius), C 217 73) B3, O02, R34, T50 RIC 1716 (III, M. Aurelius), C 216 74) B3, O02, R34, T52 RIC 1715 (III, M. Aurelius), C 215

AE Dupondius

75) B3, O09, R45, T48 RIC 1383 (III, Ant. Pius), C 211

139 AE As Reference(s)

76) B1, O07, R05, T11 RIC 1626 (III, M. Aurelius), C 59 77) B1, O07, R33, T68 Exe: SC RIC 1671 (III, M. Aurelius), C 201 78) B1, O13, R25, T45 RIC 1401c (III, Ant. Pius) 79) B3, O07, R39, T86 RIC 1680 (III, M. Aurelius), C 241 80) B3, O07, R45, T15 Exe: SC RIC 1714 (III, M. Aurelius), C 213 81) B3, O13, R29, T62 RIC 1403 (III, Ant. Pius), C 179

Faustina II Busts

Faustina II Types

140

Faustina II Types (continued)

141

Lucius Verus

Augustus 161-169

Sharing the title of Augustus with his brother Marcus Aurelius, history records Verus in a less-than-glowing light. Although an intelligent and handsome man, he didn't seem much interested in political or military affairs. Going through the motions, he followed his war generals who did the dirty work while it was noted he enjoyed a hedonistic lifestyle on the road complete with a traveling theater and frequent banquets to entertain him. It was on the return

of one of these battles that he died after a stroke. Consensus holds that his greatest accomplishment was, unflatteringly enough, that he delegated administrative duties to his much more capable brother.

Busts: 1) Bare head left 2) Bare head right 3) Bare headed, cuirassed bust right 4) Bare headed, draped bust left 5) Bare headed, draped bust right 6) Bare headed, draped and cuirassed bust right 7) Laureate head right 8) Laureate, cuirassed bust right 9) Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right 10) Laureate, draped bust right 11) Radiate head right 12) Radiate, cuirassed bust right 13) Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right 14) Radiate, draped bust right

Obverses: 1) DIVVS VERVS 2) IMP CAES L AVREL VERVS AVG 3) IMP CAES L VERVS AVG 4) IMP CAESAR L AVRELIVS VERVS AVG 5) IMP L AVREL VERVS AVG 6) IMP L VERVS AVG 7) L AVREL VERVS ARMENIACVS 8) L AVREL VERVS AVG 9) L AVREL VERVS AVG ARMENIACVS 10) L VERVS AVG 11) L VERVS AVG ARM PARTH MAX 12) L VERVS AVG ARM PARTH MAX MEDIC 13) L VERVS AVG ARMENIACVS 14) VERVS AVG 15) VERVS AVG IMP PARTH MAX

Reverses: 1) ADLOCVT AVG 2) CONCORD AVG COS II 3) CONCORD AVG TR P 4) CONCORD AVGVSTOR 5) CONCORD AVGVSTOR COS II 6) CONCORD AVGVSTOR TR P 7) CONCORD AVGVSTOR TR P COS II 8) CONCORD AVGVSTOR TR P II 9) CONCORDIAE AVGVSTOR 10) CONCORDIAE AVGVSTOR COS II 11) CONCORDIAE AVGVSTOR TR P 12) CONCORDIAE AVGVSTOR TR P II 13) CONCORDIAE AVGVSTORVM COS II 14) CONG AVG IIII TR P VII IMP IIII COS III 15) CONSECRATIO 16) COS II 17) FEL TEM COS II 18) FELIC AVG TR P III 19) FORT RED TR P V IMP II COS II 20) FORT RED TR P VIII IMP V 21) FORT RED TR P VIIII IMP V COS III 22) FORT RED TR POT II COS II 23) FORT RED TR POT III 24) HERC PAC TR P IIII IMP II COS II 25) HILARITAS 26) IMP II TR P IIII COS II 27) INDVLGENTIA AVG 28) IVNO 29) L VERVS AVG ARM PARTH MAX 30) LIB AVG III TR P VI COS II 31) LIB AVGVSTOR TR P COS II 32) LIBERAL AVG TR P V IMP II COS II

33) PAX AVG TR P VI COS II 34) PIETAS 35) PIETAS AVG TR P VI COS II 36) PROFECTIO AVG TR P II COS II 37) PROFECTIO AVG TR P III COS II 38) PROV DEOR TR P COS II 39) PROV DEOR TR P II COS II 40) PROV DEOR TR P III COS II 41) SALVTI AVGSTOR TR P III 42) SALVTI AVGVSTAE 43) SALVTI AVGVSTOR TR P II COS II 44) TR P II COS II 45) TR P III IMP II COS II 46) TR P IIII COS II 47) TR P IIII IMP II COS II 48) TR P V IMP II COS II 49) TR P V IMP III COS II 50) TR P VI IMP III COS II 51) TR P VI IMP IIII COS II 52) TR P VII COS III 53) TR P VII IMP IIII COS III 54) TR P VIII COS III 55) TR P VIII IMP IIII COS III 56) TR P VIII IMP V COS III 57) TR P VIIII IMP V COS III 58) TR P XIX IMP II COS III 59) TR POT COS II 60) TR POT II COS II 61) TR POT III COS II 62) TR POT IIII IMP II COS II 63) TR POT V IMP II COS II 64) TR POT V IMP III COS II

Many choice, well-preserved coins remain for this emperor. Most commonly offered will be Denarii some of which may cost less than $100 and still be very attractive. Even mint state ones will not cost significantly more. The story changes, predictably, for bronzes which, largely in part due to the weathering of nearly two millennia, are much more difficult to find in the higher grades. While an As or Dupondius may cost only $20 or $30 do not expect it to be especially attractive at these prices. A nearly flawless Sestertius will easily cost several thousand dollars of this or any other “common” emperor. Gold, too, is available although it hardly need be mentioned that an Aureus, regardless of emperor, is likely to cost thousands of dollars except for the worn and/or problem coins.

142 65) TR POT VI IMP III COS II 66) TR POT VII IMP IIII COS III 67) TR POT VIII IMP IIII COS III 68) TR POT VIII IMP V COS III 69) TR POT VIIII COS III 70) TR POT VIIII IMP V COS III 71) TR POT XIIII COS IIII

72) VENVS 73) VICT AVG TR P III IMP II COS II 74) VICT AVG TR P IIII IMP II COS II 75) VICT AVG TR P VI COS II 76) VICT AVG TR POT VI IMP III COS II 77) No legend

Types: 1) Aequitas seated left, holding scale and cornucopia. 2) Aequitas standing left, holding scale and cornucopia. 3) Annona standing left, holding roll and oar; modius on galley prow to left. 4) Armenia seated left, resting head on hand, shield and standard behind. 5) Armenia seated left, resting head on hand; trophy behind. 6) Captive, bound, seated right by weapons and trophy. 7) Captive, bound, seated right by weapons. 8) Concordia seated left, holding patera 9) Cybele seated left, holding drum; lion below. 10) Eagle 11) Eagle perched on globe 12) Fortuna seated left, holding rudder and cornucopia. 13) Funeral pyre 14) Galley sailing left 15) Galley sailing left, Nike at prow 16) Galley sailing right, Nike at prow 17) Hercules standing, facing, holding branch and club with lion skin. 18) Hercules standing, facing, holding branch and club. 19) Indulgentia seated left, holding scepter. 20) Juno standing left, holoding patera and scepter; peacock to lower left. 21) Liberalitas standing, facing, holding coin counter and cornucopia. 22) Lucius Verus and Marcus Aurelius riding quadriga left, one holding scepter with eagle atop, the other a branch. 23) Lucius Verus and Marcus Aurelius seated left on platform, citizen on steps to lower left. 24) Lucius Verus and Marcus Aurelius seated left on platform, Liberalitas holding coin counter and citizen on steps to lower left. 25) Lucius Verus and Marcus Aurelius standing, facing each other, shaking hands. 26) Lucius Verus laureate head right 27) Lucius Verus riding elephant quadriga left 28) Lucius Verus riding elephant quadriga right 29) Lucius Verus riding horse right, holding spear. 30) Lucius Verus riding horse right, spearing enemy. 31) Lucius Verus seated left on platform, attended by two lictors; Armenian king Soemias to lower left, touching head. 32) Lucius Verus standing left on platform, attended by lictor, addressing several soldiers. 33) Lucius Verus standing left, holding globe. 34) Lucius Verus standing right on left, receiving Victory on globe from Roma seated to right, holding spear; shield to side. 35) Lucius Verus standing right on left, shaking hands with Roma seated to right, holding spear. 36) Mars advancing left, holding spear and trophy 37) Mars advancing left, holding trophy and parazonium 38) Mars advancing right, holding spear and trophy 39) Mars standing right, holding spear and resting hand on shield. 40) Minerva standing left, holding branch and spear with shield 41) Minerva standing, facing, holding spear and resting hand on shield 42) Pax standing left, holding branch and cornucopia 43) Pietas standing left, sacrificing over altar and holding incense box. 44) Providentia standing left, holding globe and cornucopia 45) Roma advancing left, holding Victory and trophy. 46) Roma standing left, stepping on helmet, holding Victory and spear. 47) Salus seated left, feeding snake on altar 48) Salus standing left, feeding snake on altar and holding scepter 49) Trophies (3) 50) Trophies (3); seated captive in front of each one. 51) Two hands holding standard 52) Venus standing left, holding apple and scepter 53) Victory advancing left, holding open wreath with both hands. 54) Victory advancing left, holding wreath and palm. 55) Victory standing left on globe, holding wreath and palm. 56) Victory standing left, touching trophy with shield by base. 57) Victory standing left, touching trophy. 58) Victory standing right, holding shield reading VIC / AVG on palm. 59) Victory standing right, holding shield reading VIC / PAR on palm. 60) Victory standing right, holding shield reading VIC / PAR on palm; shield leaning against palm. 61) Victory standing right, holding trophy with Armenia seated by its base.

Mint: 1) Roma

AU Aureus Reference(s) 1) B02, O13, R45, T58 RIC 522 (III, Marcus Aurelius), BMC 294 2) B02, O13, R46, T31 Exe: REX ARMEN / DAT RIC 512 (III, Marcus Aurelius), BMC 300 3) B06, O02, R41, T48 Exe: COS II RIC 496 (III, Marcus Aurelius), BMC 232 4) B06, O13, R46, T05 Exe: ARMEN BMC 236 5) B07, O02, R11, T25 Exe: COS II RIC 456 (III, Marcus Aurelius), C 51 6) B08, O11, R56, T30 RIC 543 (III, Marcus Aurelius), BMC 391 7) B09, O11, R14, T21 RIC 658 (III, Marcus Aurelius), C 52

143 8) B10, O11, R33, T42 RIC 559 (III, Marcus Aurelius), C 30 9) B10, O13, R45, T58 RIC 525 (III, Marcus Aurelius)

AR Denarius Reference(s) 10) B02, O05, R03, T08 Exe: COS II RIC 447 (III, Marcus Aurelius), C 21 11) B02, O05, R38, T44 RIC 463 (III, Marcus Aurelius), C 144 12) B02, O05, R39, T44 RIC 482 (III, Marcus Aurelius), C 155 13) B02, O06, R40, T44 RIC 491 (III, Marcus Aurelius), C 156 14) B02, O13, R47, T04 Exe: ARMEN RIC 501 (III, Marcus Aurelius), C 6 15) B02, O13, R47, T39 RIC 515 (III, Marcus Aurelius), C 229 16) B06, O02, R16, T33 RIC 457 (III, Marcus Aurelius), C 61 17) B07, O11, R20, T12 RIC 586 (III, Marcus Aurelius), C 111 18) B07, O11, R33, T42 RIC 555 (III, Marcus Aurelius), C 127 19) B07, O11, R49, T07 RIC 540 (III, Marcus Aurelius), C 273 20) B07, O11, R50, T07 RIC 548 (III, Marcus Aurelius), C 286 21) B07, O11, R51, T42 Exe: PAX RIC 561 (III, Marcus Aurelius), C 126 22) B07, O11, R51, T59 RIC 566 (III, Marcus Aurelius), C 279 23) B07, O11, R53, T02 RIC 576 (III, Marcus Aurelius), C 297 24) B07, O11, R55, T02 RIC 578 (III, Marcus Aurelius), C 310 25) B07, O11, R56, T02 RIC 590 (III, Marcus Aurelius), C 316 26) B07, O11, R56, T54 RIC 581 (III, Marcus Aurelius), C 313 27) B07, O11, R75, T53 RIC 553 (III, Marcus Aurelius), C 339 28) B07, O13, R48, T39 RIC 529 (III, Marcus Aurelius), C 263 29) B07, O13, R48, T45 RIC 537 (III, Marcus Aurelius), C 270 30) B08, O11, R51, T59 31) B08, O13, R47, T39 RIC 514 (III, Marcus Aurelius), C 228 32) B10, O05, R38, T44

AR Denarius (Posthumous) 33) B02, O01, R15, T10 RIC 596a (III, Marcus Aurelius), C 55 34) B02, O01, R15, T13 RIC 596b (III, Marcus Aurelius), C 58

AE Medallion 35) B09, O11, R53, T32 C 288

AE Sestertius 36) B02, O02, R60, T12 Exe: FORT RED RIC 1317 (III, Marcus Aurelius), C 87 37) B02, O11, R51, T06 RIC 1443 (III, Marcus Aurelius), C 201 38) B07, O02, R06, T25 Exe: COS II RIC 1284 (III, Marcus Aurelius), C 161 39) B07, O02, R08, T25 Exe: COS II RIC 1309 (III, Marcus Aurelius) 40) B07, O02, R18, T16 Exe: COS II C 83 41) B07, O09, R47, T58 RIC 1397 (III, Marcus Aurelius), C 250 42) B07, O11, R53, T35 Exe: SC RIC 1463 (III, Marcus Aurelius), C 299 43) B08, O09, R47, T31 Exe: REX ARMEN DAT RIC 1371 (III, Marcus Aurelius), C 161

AR Sestertius (Posthumous) 44) B02, O01, R15, T13 RIC 1511 (III, Marcus Aurelius), C 59

AE Dupondius 45) B11, O11, R66, T54 RIC 1462 (III, Marcus Aurelius), C 210 46) B12, O02, R18, T14 Exe: COS II RIC 1330 (III, Marcus Aurelius), C 75

AE As 47) B02, O13, R45, T30 RIC 1404 (III, Marcus Aurelius), C 257 48) B07, O11, R57, T03 RIC 1489 (III, Marcus Aurelius), C 326

144

Lucius Verus Busts

Lucius Verus Types

145

Lucilla

c.149 –182

Lucilla was the wife of Lucius Verus. After his death she remained influential through the marriage of a senator. In 182 a plot to overthrow Commodus was uncovered in which she played a role and she was subsequently banished to the island of Capri. Fearing that this might not be enough to prevent any future plans of the sort, Commodus had her executed shortly afterwards.

Bust:

1) Draped bust right

Obverses:

1) LVCILLA AVG ANTONINI AVG F 2) LVCILLA AVGVSTA 3) LVCILLAE AVG ANTONINI AVG F 4) LVCILLAE AVGVSTAE

Reverses:

1) CERES 2) CONCORDIA 3) DIANA LVCIFERA 4) FECVNDITAS 5) FECVNDITAS AVGVSTA 6) HILARITAS 7) IVNO REGINA 8) IVNONI LVCINAE 9) LAETITIA 10) MATRI MAGNAE 11) PIETAS 12) PVDICITIA 13) SALVS 14) VENERI GENETRICI 15) VENVS 16) VENVS GENETRIX 17) VENVS VICTRIX 18) VESTA 19) VOTA PVBLICA 20) No legend

Types:

1) Altar 2) Ceres seated right, holding grain ears and torch 3) Ceres standing left, holding grain ears and torch. 4) Concordia seated left, holding patera 5) Concordia seated left, holding patera and cornucopia. 6) Concordia seated left, holding patera and two cornucopiae. 7) Concordia seated left, holding patera; cornucopia under seat. 8) Concordia standing left, holding patera and cornucopia. 9) Cybele seated, holding drum; lion on either side. 10) Diana standing left, holding torch with both hands. 11) Diana standing right, holding torch with both hands. 12) Fecunditas seated left, holding baby; child on either side. 13) Fecunditas seated left, raising hand; child to right. 14) Fecunditas seated right, holding baby; child on either side. 15) Fecunditas seated right, holding baby; child to left. 16) Fecunditas seated right, holding baby; child to right. 17) Fecunditas standing left, holding patera and scepter. 18) Fecunditas standing right, holding baby and scepter. 19) Hilaritas standing left, holding palm and cornucopia 20) Juno seated left, holding flower and baby. 21) Juno seated left, holding patera and scepter. 22) Juno standing left, holding patera and scepter; peacock to left. 23) Juno standing left, raising hand and holding baby. 24) Laetitia standing, facing, holding wreath and rudder. 25) Pietas seated left, holding incense box; lit altar to left. 26) Pietas standing left, raising hand over altar and holding incense box. 27) Pudicitia seated left, holding hand over chest 28) Pudicitia seated left, touching head. 29) Pudicitia standing left, holding hand over chest 30) Pudicitia standing left, pulling veil and raising skirt. 31) Salus seated left, feeding snake on altar. 32) Salus standing left, sacrificing over altar and holding scepter. 33) Venus seated left, holding apple and scepter; Cupid to left.

Compared to the two Faustinae, the easiest of the 2nd

century empresses to find, Lucilla’s coins are not considerably more difficult to locate and not much more expensive either.

Her coins are well represented in all denominations of the period but finding high grade copper will be challenging. An Aureus may be found in pricey auctions with reasonable frequency. This leaves Denarii as the most commonly available coins featuring this empress.

In terms of rarity and prices her coins are right on par with those of Crispina.

146 34) Venus seated left, holding Victory and scepter. 35) Venus standing left, holding apple and lifting dress off shoulder. 36) Venus standing left, holding apple and scepter. 37) Venus standing left, holding Victory and resting hand on shield on helmet. 38) Venus standing left, holding Victory and resting hand on shield. 39) Venus standing left, raising hand and holding scepter. 40) Vesta standing left, holding simpulum and Palladium. 41) Vesta standing left, holding simpulum over altar and Palladium. 42) Vesta standing left, holding simpulum over altar and torch. 43) Vestal Virgins (6) sacrificing over altar; Temple of Vesta in background. 44) Wreath, dot within 45) Wreath, VOTA / PVBLI / CA within.

Mint:

1) Roma

AU Aureus Reference(s)

1) B1, O3, R11, T26 RIC 773 (III, Marcus Aurelius) 2) B1, O3, R15, T36 RIC 783 (III, Marcus Aurelius), C 69 3) B1, O3, R20, T45 RIC 790 (III, Marcus Aurelius), C 97

AR Denarius

4) B1, O2, R04, T16 RIC 765 (III, Marcus Aurelius), C 19 5) B1, O2, R06, T19 RIC 769 (III, Marcus Aurelius), C 28 6) B1, O2, R08, T20 RIC 770 (III, Marcus Aurelius), C 36 7) B1, O2, R08, T23 Curtis Clay collection 8) B1, O2, R12, T27 RIC 781 (III, Marcus Aurelius), S 5490 9) B1, O2, R12, T29 RIC 780 (III, Marcus Aurelius), C 80 10) B1, O2, R15, T36 RIC 785 (III, Marcus Aurelius), C 71 11) B1, O2, R16, T38 RIC 786 (III, Marcus Aurelius), S 5492 12) B1, O2, R20, T45 RIC 791 (III, Marcus Aurelius), S 5494 13) B1, O3, R02, T04 RIC 758 (III, Marcus Aurelius), S 5479 14) B1, O3, R02, T06 RIC 759 (III, Marcus Aurelius), C 7 15) B1, O3, R03, T10 RIC 762 (III, Marcus Aurelius), C 14 16) B1, O3, R08, T23 RIC 771 (III, Marcus Aurelius), C 38 17) B1, O3, R11, T26 RIC 775 (III, Marcus Aurelius), C 50 18) B1, O3, R15, T36 RIC 784 (III, Marcus Aurelius), C 70 19) B1, O3, R18, T41 RIC 788 (III, Marcus Aurelius), C 92 20) B1, O3, R18, T42 RIC 789 (III, Marcus Aurelius), C 93

AE Medallion

21) B1, O3, R20, T43 C 105

AE Sestertius

22) B1, O2, R04, T14 RIC 1736 (III, Marcus Aurelius), C 21 23) B1, O3, R02, T04 RIC 1730 (III, Marcus Aurelius), C 8 24) B1, O3, R03, T11 RIC 1734 (III, Marcus Aurelius), C 15 25) B1, O3, R08, T20 RIC 1747 (III, Marcus Aurelius), C 37 26) B1, O3, R10, T26 RIC 1756 (III, Marcus Aurelius), C 54 27) B1, O3, R15, T35 RIC 1767 (III, Marcus Aurelius), C 77 28) B1, O3, R15, T36 RIC 1763 (III, Marcus Aurelius), C 72 29) B1, O3, R18, T41 RIC 1779 (III, Marcus Aurelius), S 5510

AE As

30) B1, O3, R12, T27 RIC 1759 (III, Marcus Aurelius), C 64 31) B1, O3, R13, T32 RIC 1761 (III, Marcus Aurelius), C 61 32) B1, O3, R15, T36 RIC 1764 (III, Marcus Aurelius), C 73

147

Lucilla Bust

Lucilla Types

148

Commodus

Augustus 177-192

Commodus vies with Caligula and Nero as Roman history's most perverse and sadistic of rulers. Like Caligula and Nero before, Commodus was an ordinary (by imperial standards) ruler who succeeded Marcus Aurelius, his father, upon his death. In his one major positive deed, Commodus called off the expedition against the Germans which his father had commenced on terms favorable to Rome. He sped off to Rome where he much preferred

living the perks of an emperor to the dirty business of waging wars. While he whiled away his time pursuing a hedonistic lifestyle he was happy to delegate administrative responsibilities to others.

Unfortunately, his appointees never seemed to last long on the job. Whether through incompetence, bad luck or corruption, one by one these fell and needed replacement. Commodus little by little began gaining a taste for power as the shuffling of his foremen took place and, finally, he decided to manage the empire himself. It is starting with this period that Commodus began to act increasingly unpredictably and cruel. A botched conspiracy against him, orchestrated by no less than his beloved sister Lucilla, was discovered and his surviving the episode turned him afterwards into a highly paranoid individual who had countless officials executed for disloyalty imagined or real.

In his final year of life he shocked Romans of all classes by personally moonlighting as a gladiator. Of course, these fights were arranged so that he could invariably come out the victor. Because of this a record-breaking 700+ victories were scored in his name, each one ending in the deaths of one or more gladiators and/or wild beasts at the Colosseum. A successful conspiracy against him was finally hatched by one of his lovers who first tried poisoning him but he threw up and a wrestler was summoned who strangled him to death on the last day of the year 192.

Busts: 1) Bare head right 2) Bare headed, draped and cuirassed bust right 3) Bare headed, draped bust right 4) Head right, wearing lion skin 5) Laureate bust left 6) Laureate head left 7) Laureate head right 8) Laureate, cuirassed bust right 9) Laureate, cuirassed torso right 10) Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust left 11) Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right 12) Laureate, draped bust right 13) Radiate bust right, with lion skin and club 14) Radiate head right 15) Radiate, cuirassed bust right 16) Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right 17) Radiate, draped bust right

Obverses: 1) COMM ANT AVG P BRIT 2) COMMODO CAES AVG FIL GERM 3) COMMODO CAES AVG FIL GERM SARM 4) COMMODVS ANTONINVS AVG 5) COMMODVS CAES AVG FIL 6) COMMODVS CAES AVG FIL GERM SARM 7) COMMODVS CAES AVG FIL GERM SARM COS 8) DIVO COMMODO 9) IMP CAES L AVREL COMMODVS GERM SARM 10) IMP L AVREL COMMODVS AVG GERM SARM 11) L AEL AVR COM AVG PF 12) L AEL AVR COMM AVG P FEL 13) L AEL AVREL COMM AVG P FEL 14) L AVREL COMMODO CAES AVG FIL GERM 15) L AVREL COMMODO CAES AVG FIL GERM SARM 16) L AVREL COMMODVS AVG 17) L AVREL COMMODVS AVG GERM SARM 18) L AVREL COMMODVS AVG TR P III 19) L AVREL COMMODVS AVG TR P IIII 20) L AVREL COMMODVS AVG TR P V 21) L AVREL COMMODVS CAES AVG FIL GERM 22) L COMMODVS AVG 23) M ANTONINVS COMMODVS AVG

24) M COMM ANT AVG P BRIT FEL 25) M COMM ANT AVG PIVS BRIT 26) M COMM ANT P FEL AVG BRIT 27) M COMM ANT P FEL AVG BRIT PP 28) M COMM ANT P FELIX AVG BRIT 29) M COMM ANT P FELIX AVG BRIT PP 30) M COMM ANT P PEL AVG BRIT 31) M COMM ANTO AVG PIVS FEL 32) M COMM ANTON AVG PIVS BRIT 33) M COMM ANTON AVG PIVS FEL 34) M COMM ANTONIN AVG BRIT 35) M COMMOD ANT P FELIX AVG BRIT PP 36) M COMMODVS ANT AVG P BRIT FELIX 37) M COMMODVS ANT FELIX AVG P BRIT 38) M COMMODVS ANT P FELIX AVG BRIT 39) M COMMODVS ANTON AVG PIVS 40) M COMMODVS ANTON AVG PIVS BRIT 41) M COMMODVS ANTONINVS AVG 42) M COMMODVS ANTONINVS AVG PIVS 43) M COMMODVS ANTONINVS PIVS FELIX AVG BRIT 44) M COMMODVS AVG PIVS BRIT 45) M COMMODVS N AVG PIVS BRIT

For the period, Commodus’s coins are no different in terms of prices and availability compared to that of his immediate predecessors. However, it is somewhat surprising that few Denarii remain in mint state or even close to it. While the ever declining fineness of the silver content in the coins themselves is partly to blame one may wonder about the even baser Denarii of Caracalla or Elagabalus which are downright plentiful in truly gem condition. Because of the historical significance, coins featuring Commodus’s portrait wearing a lion’s head skin, the symbolism of which is associated with Hercules, are particularly prized.

149 Reverses: 1) ADVENTVS AVG IMP IIII COS II PP 2) ADVENTVS CAES 3) ANN AVG 4) ANN AVG PM TR P VIIII IMP VI COS IIII PP 5) ANN AVG TR P VI IMP IIII COS III PP 6) ANN AVG TR P VII IMP IIII COS III 7) ANN AVG TR P VII IMP IIII COS III PP 8) ANN AVG TR P VIIII IMP VI COS IIII PP 9) ANN PM TR P VIIII IMP VII COS IIII PP 10) ANN PM TR P X IMP VII COS IIII PP 11) ANNO AVG TR P VIIII IMP VII COS IIII PP 12) APOL MONET PM TR P XV 13) APOL MONETAE PM TR P XV IMP VIII COS VI 14) APOL MONETAE PM TR P XVI IMP VIII COS VI 15) APOL PAL 16) APOL PAL PM TR P XVI COS VI 17) APOL PALAT PM TR P XVI COS VI 18) APOLLINI PALATINO 19) AVCT PIET PM TR P XII IMP VIII COS V PP 20) AVCTOR PIETAT PM TR P XII IMP VIII COS V PP 21) AVCTOR PIETAT PM TR P XIIII IMP VIII COS V PP 22) BRITT PM TR P VIIII IMP VII COS IIII PP 23) CONC COM PM TR P XVI COS VI 24) CONC COMMODI 25) CONC MIL 26) CONC MIL PM TR P X IMP VII COS IIII PP 27) CONC MIL PM TR P XI IMP VII COS IIII PP 28) CONC MIL PM TR P XI IMP VII COS V PP 29) CONCOR COMMODI 30) CONCORDIAE COMMODI AVG 31) CONSECRATIO 32) COS PP 33) COS VI PP 34) COS VII PP 35) D P R C 36) DE GERMANIS 37) DE SARMATIS 38) FEL 39) FEL AVG TR P VI IMP IIII COS III PP 40) FEL PVBLICA 41) FELIC COM PM TR P XVII COS VII PP 42) FELIC PERPETVAE AVG 43) FELIC PERPETVAE AVG COS VI 44) FELICITATI CAES 45) FID EXERC 46) FID EXERC PM TR P X IMP VII COS IIII PP 47) FID EXERCIT 48) FIDEI COH PM TR P XII COS V 49) FIDEI COH PM TR P XVI COS VI 50) FIDEI COH PM TR P XVII COS VI 51) FIDEI COHORTIVM AVG 52) FOR FEL PM TR P XIIII COS V DES VI 53) FOR RED 54) FOR RED PM TR P X IMP VII COS IIII PP 55) FOR RED PM TR P XI IMP VII COS V PP 56) FOR RED PM TR P XIII IMP VIII COS V PP 57) FORT FEL PM TR P XIIII COS V PP 58) FORT FELI PM TR P XIIII IMP VIII COS V DES VI 59) FORT FELI PM TR P XIIII IMP VIII COS V PP 60) FORT MANENT PM TR P XIIII COS V PP 61) FORT RED 62) FORTVNAE MANENTI 63) GEN AVG FELIC COS VI 64) HER ROM COND COS VII PP 65) HERC COM PM TR P XVI COS VI 66) HERC COMMODIANO 67) HERC COMMODIANO PM TR P XVI COS VI 68) HERC ROM CONDITORI COS VII PP 69) HERC ROM CONDITORI PM TR P XVII IMP VIII COS VII PP 70) HERCVLI COMITI 71) HERCVLI ROMANO AVG 72) HERCVLI ROMANO AVGVSTO 73) HILAR AVG 74) HILARIT AVG 75) HILARIT AVG PM TR P XII IMP VIII COS V PP 76) HILARITAS 77) HILARITAS AVG 78) HILARITAS AVG TR P VIII IMP V COS III PP 79) IMP II COS II PP 80) IMP III COS II PP 81) IOM SPONSOR SEC AVG 82) IOM SPONSOR SEC AVG COS VI PP 83) IOV EXSVP PM TR P XI IMP VIII 84) IOV EXSVP PM TR P XII IMP VIII 85) IOV IVVEN PM TR P XIIII COS V DES VI 86) IOV IVVEN PM TR P XIIII COS V PP

87) IOVI CONSERVATORI 88) IOVI DEFENS SALVTIS AVG 89) IOVI DEFENS SALVTIS AVG COS VI 90) IOVI EXSVPER PM TR P XI IMP VIII COS V PP 91) IOVI EXSVPER PM TR P XII IMP VIII COS V PP 92) IOVI EXSVPER PM TR P XIIII IMP VIII COS V PP 93) IOVI IVVENI PM TR P XIIII IMP VIII COS V PP 94) IOVI VICTORI IMP III COS II PP 95) IOVI VLTORI 96) IVNO REGINA 97) IVPPITER CONSERVATOR 98) IVPPITER COSERVATOR TR P V IMP IIII COS II PP 99) LAET AVG PM TR P XII IMP VIII COS V PP 100) LAETITIA 101) LAETITIAE AVG 102) LIB AVG IIII 103) LIB AVG IIII TR P VI IMP IIII COS III PP 104) LIB AVG PM TR P XV COS VI 105) LIB AVG PM TR P XVII COS VII PP 106) LIB AVG TR P V IMP IIII COS II PP 107) LIB AVG V TR P VII IMP IIII COS III PP 108) LIB AVG VI 109) LIB AVG VI PM TR P XI IMP VII COS V PP 110) LIB AVG VIII 111) LIB AVG VIII PM TR P XVII COS VII PP 112) LIB AVG VIIII 113) LIBERAL AVG VI 114) LIBERAL AVG VII 115) LIBERAL V 116) LIBERALITAS AVG 117) LIBERALITAS AVG II 118) LIBERALITAS AVG II TR P III 119) LIBERALITAS AVG TR P V IMP IIII COS II PP 120) LIBERALITAS AVG VII 121) LIBERT AVG 122) LIBERT AVG PM TR P XI IMP VII COS V PP 123) LIBERT PM TR P XIII IMP VIIII COS V PP 124) LIBERTAS AVG IMP II COS PP 125) LIBERTAS AVG TR P VI IMP IIII COS III 126) MART PAC 127) MART PAC PM TR P XIIII COS V DES VI 128) MART PAC PM TR P XIIII COS V PP 129) MART PACAT PM TR P XIIII IMP VIII COS V PP 130) MARTI VLTORI AVG 131) MARTI VLTORI AVG COS VI 132) MARTI VLTORI AVG COS VI PP 133) MATRI DEV CONSERV AVG 134) MATRI DEVM CONSERV AVG COS VI 135) MAVRETANIA 136) MIN AVG PM TR P XVI COS VI 137) MIN VICT PM TR P XIIII COS V DES VI 138) MINER AVG 139) MINER AVG PM TR P XVI 140) MINER PAC 141) MINER VICT 142) MINER VICT PM TR P XIIII IMP VIII COS V 143) MINER VICT PM TR P XV IMP VIII COS VI 144) MVNIFICENTIA AVG TR P VIII IMP VI COS IIII PP 145) MVNIFICENTIA AVG TR P VIIII IMP VI COS IIII PP 146) NOBILIT AVG PM TR P XII IMP VIII COS V PP 147) NOBILITAS AVG 148) OPTIME MAXIME 149) PACI AETER PM TR P XIIII COS V PP 150) PACI AETER PM TR P XIIII IMP VIII 151) PACI AETERNAE COS V PP 152) PACI AETERNAE CV PP 153) PAT SENAT 154) PATER SENAT PM TR P XII IMP VIII COS V PP 155) PATER SENATVS 156) PIET SENAT PM TR P XIIII COS V PP 157) PIETAS AVG 158) PIETATI AETERNAE COS V PP 159) PIETATI SENATVS 160) PIETATI SENATVS CV PP 161) PM TR P VIII IMP VI COS IIII PP 162) PM TR P VIIII IMP VI COS IIII PP 163) PM TR P VIIII IMP VII COS IIII PP 164) PM TR P X IMP VII COS IIII PP 165) PM TR P XI IMP VII COS IIII PP 166) PM TR P XI IMP VII COS V PP 167) PM TR P XI IMP VIII COS V PP 168) PM TR P XII IMP VII COS V PP 169) PM TR P XII IMP VIII 170) PM TR P XII IMP VIII COS V PP 171) PM TR P XIII IMP VIII COS V PP 172) PM TR P XIIII IMP VIII COS V PP

150 173) PM TR P XV IMP VIII COS VI 174) PM TR P XVI COS VI 175) PM TR P XVII IMP VIII COS VII PP 176) PM TR P XVIII IMP VIII COS VII PP 177) PONTIF 178) PRINC IVVENT 179) PRINCIPI IVVENTVTIS 180) PROV AVG TR P VIII IMP VI COS IIII PP 181) PROV DEOR TR P VI IMP IIII COS III PP 182) PROVID AVG 183) PROVIDENTIAE AVG 184) PVBLIC FEL PM TR P XII IMP VIII COS V PP 185) PVBLICA FEL 186) ROM FEL PM TR P XVI COS VI 187) ROMAE AETERNAE COS V PP 188) ROMAE AETERNAE CV PP 189) ROMAE FELICI 190) ROMAE FELICI COS VI 191) SAEC FEL PM TR P XI IMP VII COS V PP 192) SAECVLI FELIC 193) SAL GEN HVM 194) SAL GEN HVM COS VI PP 195) SALVS AVG 196) SALVS AVG TR P VII IMP V COS III PP 197) SALVS AVG TR P VIII IMP V COS IIII PP 198) SEC ORB PM TRP XIIII COS V DES VI 199) SECVR ORB PM TR P XIIII 200) SECVRIT ORB 201) SECVRITAS PVBLICA 202) SECVRITAS PVBLICA TR P VI IMP III COS III PP 203) SERAPIDI CONSERV AVG 204) SERAPIDI CONSERV AVG COS VI PP 205) SERAPIDI COSERV AVG COS VI PP 206) SPES PVBLICA 207) TEMP FELI 208) TEMP FELIC 209) TEMP FELIC PM TR P XV IMP VIII COS VI 210) TEMP FELIC PM TR P XV IMP VIIII COS VI 211) TEMP FELIC PM TR P XVI COS VI 212) TEMPOR FELIC 213) TEMPORVM FELICITAS 214) TR P II COS PP 215) TR P II COS PP DE GERM 216) TR P II COS PP DE SARM 217) TR P II IMP II COS

218) TR P III IMP II COS PP 219) TR P IIII IMP II COS PP 220) TR P IIII IMP II COS II PP 221) TR P IIII IMP III COS II PP 222) TR P V IMP III COS II PP 223) TR P V IMP IIII COS II PP 224) TR P VI IMP IIII COS III PP 225) TR P VII IMP III COS III PP 226) TR P VII IMP IIII COS III PP 227) TR P VII IMP V COS III PP 228) TR P VIII IMP V COS IIII PP 229) TR P VIII IMP VI COS IIII PP 230) TR P VIIII IMP VI COS IIII PP 231) TR P VIIII IMP VII COS IIII PP 232) TR P X IMP VII COS IIII PP 233) TR P XI IMP VII COS V PP 234) TR P XV IMP VIII COS VI 235) TR P XVII IMP VIII COS VII PP 236) TR POT COS 237) TR POT II COS 238) TR POT II COS DE GERM 239) TR POT II COS PP 240) VICTORIAE FELICI 241) VIRT AETER AVG 242) VIRTVS AVG TR P V IMP III COS II PP 243) VIRTVT AVG PM TR P XII IMP VIII COS V PP 244) VIRTVTI AVGVSTI TR P VII IMP IIII COS III PP 245) VOT SOL DEC PM TR P XI IMP VIII 246) VOT SOLV PRO SAL PR 247) VOT SVSC DEC 248) VOT SVSC DEC PM TR P VIIII IMP VII COS IIII PP 249) VOT SVSC DEC PM TR P X IMP VII COS IIII PP 250) VOTA DEC ANN SVSC 251) VOTA DEC ANN SVSC TR P VI IMP IIII COS III PP 252) VOTA P 253) VOTA PVBLICA 254) VOTA PVBLICA IMP II COS II PP 255) VOTA SOLV PRO SAL PR 256) VOTA SVSCEP DECEN TR P VIIII IMP VII 257) No legend

Types: 1) Aequitas standing left, holding scale and cornucopia 2) Aequitas standing left, holding scales over globe and cornucopia. 3) Aesculapius standing left, holding hand of kneeling Salus to left and staff with snake coiled around. 4) Altar 5) Altar reading FORT REDVCI 6) Annona standing left, holding Ceres over modius and cornucopia; galley prow to right, two people within. 7) Annona standing left, holding grain ears over modius and cornucopia. 8) Apollo standing right, leaning on column and with legs crossed, resting head on hand. 9) Apollo standing, facing, holding patera and lyre. 10) Apollo standing, facing, holding plectrum and lyre on column. 11) Archway, Janus within, holding scepter. 12) Bow, club and quiver 13) Bow, quiver, club with lion skin and trident. 14) Britannia standing left, holding scythe and wreath 15) Castor leading horse left, holding spear. 16) Ceres standing left, stepping on galley prow, holding torch and cornucopia. 17) Commodus bare head right. 18) Commodus laureate head right 19) Commodus leading oxen right 20) Commodus riding horse right, holding spear, led by soldier and followed by three other soldiers. 21) Commodus riding horse right, raising hand. 22) Commodus riding horse right, spearing enemy. 23) Commodus riding horse right, spearing lion. 24) Commodus riding horse right, spearing panther. 25) Commodus riding quadriga left, holding branch and scepter; Victory crowning him from behind. 26) Commodus riding quadriga left, holding scepter with eagle atop 27) Commodus riding quadriga left, holding scepter with eagle atop, Victory crowning him. 28) Commodus riding quadriga right, holding scepter with eagle atop 29) Commodus seated left on platform accompanied by Liberalitas, holding coin counter and cornucopia; citizen on steps to lower left. 30) Commodus seated left on platform accompanied by lictor and Liberalitas, holding coin counter and cornucopia; citizen on steps to lower left. 31) Commodus seated left, holding branch and scepter. 32) Commodus seated left, holding globe, being crowned by hovering Victory from behind. 33) Commodus seated left, holding globe. 34) Commodus standing left on platform, raising hand and holding scepter, facing (3) soldiers below. 35) Commodus standing left on platform, raising hand and holding scepter, facing (4) soldiers below. 36) Commodus standing left on platform, raising hand and holding scepter, facing (5) soldiers below. 37) Commodus standing left on platform, raising hand and holding scepter, facing (6) soldiers below. 38) Commodus standing left on right, being crowned by Victory, shaking hands with Serapis and Isis to left; Isis holds sistrum. 39) Commodus standing left on right, holding cornucopia, shaking hands with Felicitas to left, holding caduceus.

151 40) Commodus standing left, holding branch and cradling scepter. 41) Commodus standing left, holding branch and scepter; trophy to right with weapons at its base. 42) Commodus standing left, holding globe and scepter; Jupiter behind him, standing left, touching his shoulder and holding thunderbolt. 43) Commodus standing left, sacrificing over altar. 44) Commodus standing left, sacrificing over altar; bull lying at altar’s base. 45) Commodus standing left, sacrificing over altar; child by altar, citizen slaying bull to left and musicians in background. 46) Commodus standing left, sacrificing over altar; victimarius with bull to left. 47) Commodus standing right on left, holding scepter, shaking hands with Senator to right, holding scepter. 48) Commodus standing right on left, raising hands, facing Victory on column to right; star in field. 49) Commodus standing to left, facing, holding branch and scepter, next to Jupiter to right, holding thunderbolt and scepter. 50) Commodus standing, facing, holding spear and parazonium. 51) Concordia standing left, holding patera and scepter. 52) Concordia standing, facing, holding standard in each hand. 53) Cornucopiae (2) crossed, caduceus within 54) Cornucopiae (2) crossed, winged caduceus within 55) Cybele riding lion right, holding drum and scepter. 56) Eagle standing left on globe 57) Eagle standing right 58) Elephant standing right 59) Felicitas standing left, holding caduceus and cornucopia. 60) Felicitas standing left, holding caduceus and cornucopia; modius to left. 61) Felicitas standing left, holding caduceus and scepter. 62) Felicitas standing left, holding patera and scepter. 63) Felicitas standing left, holding Victory and winged caduceus. 64) Fides standing left, holding globe and standard. 65) Fides standing left, holding grain ears and standard. 66) Fides standing left, holding scepter and cornucopia. 67) Fides standing left, holding standard and cornucopia 68) Fides standing right, holding grain ears and fruit basket 69) Fides standing right, holding standard and cornucopia. 70) Fortuna seated left, holding horse by bridle and cornucopia. 71) Fortuna seated left, holding rudder and cornucopia. 72) Fortuna seated left, holding rudder and cornucopia; wheel under chair. 73) Fortuna seated left, holding rudder on globe and cornucopia. 74) Fortuna seated left, holding rudder on globe and cornucopia; wheel under chair. 75) Fortuna seated left, holding thunderbolt and scepter. 76) Fortuna standing left, stepping on galley prow, holding caduceus and cornucopia. 77) Fortuna standing right, holding rudder on globe and cornucopia. 78) Four Seasons frolicking 79) Galley sailing left 80) Galley sailing right 81) Genius standing left, holding patera and grain ears. 82) Genius standing left, sacrificing over altar and holding grain ears. 83) Genius standing left, sacrificing over altar and holding cornucopia. 84) Hercules leading oxen left 85) Hercules leading oxen left, holding club with lion skin. 86) Hercules standing left on right, holding club and receiving grain ears from Africa to left, holding sistrum; lion by her feet. 87) Hercules standing left on right, stepping on galley prow, holding club with lion skin and receiving grain ears from Africa to left, holding sistrum. 88) Hercules standing left, sacrificing over altar and holding cornucopia; tree to left with lion skin. 89) Hercules standing left, touching trophy and holding club with lion skin. 90) Hercules standing right, resting hand on club and holding bow. 91) Hercules standing, facing, hand on hip and resting hand on club with lion skin. 92) Hercules standing, facing, holding club and bow. 93) Hercules standing, facing, holding patera and club. 94) Hilaritas standing left, holding palm and cornucopia. 95) Italia seated left on globe, holding cornucopia and scepter. 96) Juno advancing right, aiming spear at snake to lower right and holding shield. 97) Juno standing left, holding patera and scepter; peacock to left. 98) Jupiter advancing left, holding thunderbolt and scepter; seven stars in field. 99) Jupiter seated left, holding branch and scepter 100) Jupiter seated left, holding thunderbolt and scepter. 101) Jupiter seated left, holding Victory and scepter. 102) Jupiter standing left, holding thunderbolt and scepter. 103) Jupiter standing left, holding thunderbolt and scepter; eagle to left. 104) Jupiter standing left, holding thunderbolt and scepter; small Commodus to left, holding trophy. 105) Jupiter standing left, holding Victory and scepter; eagle to left. 106) Jupiter standing left, holding Victory; eagle to left. 107) Laetitia standing left, holding branch and palm. 108) Laetitia standing left, holding grain ears and rudder on globe. 109) Laetitia standing left, holding wreath and rudder. 110) Liberalitas standing left, holding coin counter and cornucopia. 111) Libertas standing left, holding pileus and scepter. 112) Mars advancing right, holding spear and trophy. 113) Mars standing left, holding branch and spear. 114) Mars standing left, holding branch and spear; weapons by feet. 115) Mars standing left, stepping on cuirass, holding branch and spear. 116) Mars standing right, holding spear and shield 117) Mauretania standing in front of horse, holding its bridle and scepter. 118) Minerva advancing right, aiming spear and holding shield. 119) Minerva advancing right, aiming spear and holding shield; owl to right. 120) Minerva advancing right, holding branch and shield. 121) Minerva standing left, holding branch and spear with shield. 122) Minerva standing left, holding Victory and spear; shield to left, trophy to right. 123) Minerva standing left, sacrificing over altar and holding spear with shield. 124) Modius with grain ears. 125) Monetae (3) holding scale and cornucopia. 126) Nobilitas standing right, holding scepter and Palladium 127) Pax seated left, holding branch and cornucopia. 128) Pax seated left, holding branch and scepter

152 129) Pax standing left, holding branch and cornucopia. 130) Pax standing left, holding branch and cornucopia; shield to left. 131) Pax standing left, holding branch and scepter. 132) Pax standing left, setting fire to weapons and holding scepter. 133) Pietas seated left, raising hand and holding scepter. 134) Pietas seated left, raising hand and holding scepter; child to left. 135) Pietas standing left, holding scepter and hand of kneeling child. 136) Pietas standing left, sacrificing over altar and holding incense box. 137) Providentia standing left, holding wand over globe and scepter 138) Roma seated left, holding Victory and cornucopia 139) Roma seated left, holding Victory and parazonium 140) Roma seated left, holding Victory and spear. 141) Roma seated right, holding Victory and parazonium 142) Roma standing left, holding spear. 143) Roma standing left, holding Victory and spear. 144) Romulus advancing right, holding spear and trophy. 145) Sacrificial implements: simpulum, cruet, lituus, etc. (variously arranged) 146) Salus seated left, feeding snake on altar. 147) Salus seated left, holding branch over snake. 148) Salus seated left, Sphinx under chair, feeding snake to left under tree and next to column with statue atop. 149) Salus standing left, feeding snake on altar and holding scepter. 150) Salus standing left, holding patera and scepter. 151) Salus standing right, holding and feeding snake 152) Securitas seated left, holding globe. 153) Securitas seated left, holding scepter and resting head on hand. 154) Securitas seated left, holding scepter. 155) Securitas seated right, holding scepter. 156) Serapis standing right, raising hand and holding scepter. 157) Serapis standing, facing, holding branch and scepter. 158) Shield, EQVESTER / ORDO / PRINCIPI / IVVENT within 159) Sol radiate, draped bust right. 160) Spes advancing left, holding flower and raising skirt. 161) Temple with (2) columns, Janus standing within, holding scepter. 162) Trophy; seated captive on either side. 163) Victory advancing left, holding opened wreath over shield on cippus. 164) Victory advancing left, holding opened wreath over shield reading SC on cippus reading COS V PP 165) Victory advancing left, holding opened wreath over two shields over base reading C V PP 166) Victory advancing left, holding trophy with both hands. 167) Victory advancing left, holding wreath and palm. 168) Victory advancing left, holding wreath and trophy. 169) Victory advancing right, holding trophy with both hands. 170) Victory advancing right, holding wreath and palm 171) Victory advancing right, holding wreath and trophy. 172) Victory seated left, holding patera and palm. 173) Victory seated right, holding shield 174) Victory standing right, holding shield on palm. 175) Victory standing right, holding shield on palm; seated captive to right of palm. 176) Victory standing right, holding Victory on globe on column 177) Victory standing right, stepping on globe, holding shield on palm reading VO / DE 178) Virtus seated left, holding Victory and spear. 179) Virtus seated right, holding spear and parazonium. 180) Virtus standing left, holding Victory and spear with shield. 181) Virtus standing right, holding spear and resting hand on shield. 182) Weapons in a pile 183) Wreath, club within; HER CVL / RO MAN / AV GV across fields 184) Wreath, EQVESTER ORDO PRINCIPI IVVENT within 185) Wreath, MAGN / IFICENT / IAE AVG / COS VII / PP within. 186) Wreath, PRIMI / DECEN PM / TR P X IMP VII / COS IIII PP / SC within. 187) Wreath, SPQR LAETITIAE CV within. 188) Wreath, TEMPORVM FELICITAS within 189) Wreath, VOT XX within 190) Wreath, VOTIS XX COS VI within

Mint: 1) Roma

AU Aureus Reference(s) 1) B02, O03, R002, T021 RIC 604 (III, Marcus Aurelius), BMC 641, C 1 2) B02, O03, R178, T041 Exe: PROVID AVG Calico 2316a 3) B08, O26, R167, T079 4) B08, O39, R162, T100 RIC III 69e, BMC 118 5) B11, O12, R071, T089 RIC 254b, C 201 6) B11, O16, R221, T112 RIC 659 (III, Marcus Aurelius), BMC 795, C 768 7) B11, O27, R065, T088 RIC III 221, C 180 8) B12, O10, R214, T182 Exe: DE GERM RIC 633 (III, Marcus Aurelius) 9) B12, O13, R111, T110 RIC III 239a, BMC 311 10) B12, O16, R218, T015 RIC 648 (III, Marcus Aurelius), C 760 11) B12, O24, R164, T034 Exe: FID EXERC RIC III 110, C 139 12) B12, O26, R169, T161 Exe: COS V PP

AU Quinarius 13) B11, O27, R173, T170 RIC III 211, BMC 279, C 553

153 AR Antoninianus (Posthumous) Reference(s) 14) B14, O08, R031, T057 RIC 93 (IViii, Trajan Decius), C 1009

AR Denarius 15) B01, O02, R116, T110 RIC 599 (III, Marcus Aurelius), C 291 16) B01, O02, R178, T041 RIC 603 (III, Marcus Aurelius), C 608 17) B03, O03, R036, T162 RIC 606 (III, Marcus Aurelius), S 5543, C 77a 18) B03, O03, R178, T041 RIC 617 (III, Marcus Aurelius) 19) B03, O03, R205, T161 RIC 622 (III, Marcus Aurelius), C 709 20) B04, O13, R257, T183 RIC III 251d, C 190 21) B07, O01, R231, T059 Exe: FEL RIC III 97 22) B07, O01, R231, T100 RIC III 88, C 457 23) B07, O01, R231, T124 RIC III 94, C 467 24) B07, O01, R231, T138 Exe: ROM RIC III 98a, S 5689, C 660 25) B07, O01, R231, T143 RIC III 90c, C 460 26) B07, O01, R232, T006 Exe: ANN RIC III 106, C 18 27) B07, O01, R232, T059 Exe: FEL RIC III 108, C 117 28) B07, O01, R232, T100 RIC III 101, C 472 29) B07, O01, R232, T138 Exe: ROM RIC III 112 30) B07, O01, R232, T143 RIC III 102, C 476 31) B07, O13, R042, T039 RIC III 249, C 120 32) B07, O13, R071, T089 RIC III 254a, S 5646 33) B07, O13, R081, T042 RIC III 255, S 5648, C 239 34) B07, O13, R088, T098 RIC III 256, C 245 35) B07, O13, R105, T111 RIC III 241, C 288 36) B07, O13, R111, T110 RIC III 239, C 325 37) B07, O13, R130, T180 RIC III 257, C 346 38) B07, O13, R175, T016 RIC III 230, C 582 39) B07, O13, R175, T067 * in left field RIC III 233, C 583 40) B07, O13, R175, T067 RIC III 232, C 584 41) B07, O13, R175, T076 * in left field RIC III 235, S 5685 42) B07, O13, R175, T134 * in left field RIC III 236, S 5686, C 575 43) B07, O13, R175, T167 * in left field RIC III 237, C 568 44) B07, O13, R183, T087 RIC III 259, C 643 45) B07, O13, R203, T157 RIC III 261, C 703 46) B07, O13, R246, T043 RIC III 262, S 5725, C 984 47) B07, O13, R257, T185 RIC III 248 48) B07, O16, R220, T147 RIC 663 (III, Marcus Aurelius) 49) B07, O16, R220, T168 RIC 664 (III, Marcus Aurelius), C 774 50) B07, O16, R221, T173 RIC 666 (III, Marcus Aurelius), C 775 51) B07, O23, R224, T007 RIC III 14b, C 811 52) B07, O23, R224, T059 RIC III 15b, C 805 53) B07, O23, R226, T007 RIC III 28, C 835 54) B07, O23, R226, T061 RIC III 29a, C 831 55) B07, O24, R168, T034 56) B07, O25, R146, T126 RIC III 155, S 5663, C 385 57) B07, O26, R019, T136 RIC III 146, S 5630, C 34 58) B07, O26, R057, T076 RIC III 172, C 162 59) B07, O26, R062, T070 Exe: CVPP RIC III 191a, S 5642 60) B07, O26, R083, T098 Exe: COSVPP RIC III 138, C 241 61) B07, O26, R084, T099 RIC III 152, C 242 62) B07, O26, R086, T103 RIC III 173, S 5650, C 259 63) B07, O26, R099, T107 RIC III 154, C 278 64) B07, O26, R101, T108 RIC III 201, S 5653, C 279 65) B07, O26, R122, T111 RIC III 135, C 340 66) B07, O26, R128, T113 RIC III 175, S 5659, C 350 67) B07, O26, R148, T102 Exe: CVPP RIC III 192, C 387 68) B07, O26, R167, T061 RIC III 137, C 514 69) B07, O26, R170, T059 RIC III 143, C 523 70) B07, O26, R170, T111 RIC III 144, C 521 71) B07, O26, R171, T001 RIC III 164d, C 537 72) B07, O26, R171, T073 RIC III 166a, C 540 73) B07, O26, R171, T081 RIC III 167, C 532 74) B07, O26, R171, T082 RIC III 384, C 532 75) B07, O26, R171, T111 RIC III 168, S 5681, C 542 76) B07, O26, R171, T146 RIC III 169, S 5682 77) B07, O26, R191, T177 RIC III 136, C 664 78) B07, O26, R199, T152 Exe: COSVPP RIC III 179, C 697 79) B07, O26, R233, T001 RIC III 120, C 499 80) B07, O26, R233, T032 RIC III 125, C 505 81) B07, O26, R233, T052 RIC III 126, C 53 82) B07, O26, R233, T073 RIC III 131, C 150 83) B07, O26, R233, T100 RIC III 117, C 486 84) B07, O26, R233, T167 RIC III 122a, C 492 85) B07, O26, R240, T165 RIC III 196, C 952 86) B07, O26, R243, T180 RIC III 160, C 966 87) B07, O26, R245, T044 RIC III 140, C 1000 88) B07, O27, R012, T008 COS VI across fields RIC III 205, C 22 89) B07, O27, R016, T010 RIC III 218, S 5629, C 24 90) B07, O27, R023, T051 RIC III 219, S 5631 91) B07, O27, R049, T065 RIC III 220, C 127 92) B07, O27, R063, T083 RIC III 227, S 5643 93) B07, O27, R085, T103 RIC III 187, C 260 94) B07, O27, R104, T111 RIC III 208d, S 5654, C 282 95) B07, O27, R120, T110 RIC III 202a, C 323

154 96) B07, O27, R127, T113 RIC III 188, C 351 97) B07, O27, R136, T120 RIC III 222, C 358 98) B07, O27, R137, T122 RIC III 189, C 366 99) B07, O27, R139, T120 RIC III 223a 100) B07, O27, R173, T031 RIC III 212, S 5683 101) B07, O27, R186, T140 RIC III 224, C 655 102) B07, O27, R198, T152 RIC III 190, C 695 103) B07, O27, R211, T053 RIC III 209, C 719 104) B07, O32, R154, T040 RIC III 157, C 397 105) B07, O32, R184, T062 RIC III 159, C 646 106) B07, O32, R230, T181 107) B07, O32, R231, T167 RIC III 93, S 5674, C 466 108) B07, O39, R227, T137 RIC III 44, C 846 109) B07, O39, R229, T112 RIC III 54 110) B07, O39, R229, T118 RIC III 56 111) B07, O39, R229, T129 RIC III 64 112) B07, O39, R229, T143 RIC III 58, C 885 113) B07, O39, R229, T149 RIC III 66, C 903 114) B07, O39, R230, T060 RIC III 74, C 445 115) B07, O39, R230, T068 RIC III 75, C 448 116) B07, O39, R230, T081 RIC III 76, C 435 117) B07, O39, R230, T119 RIC III 72, C 424 118) B07, O39, R230, T124 RIC III 81, C 447 119) B07, O39, R230, T130 RIC III 86, C 940 120) B07, O39, R230, T181 RIC III 71, C 427 121) B07, O41 R224, T007 RIC III 14a, C 812 122) B07, O41, R103, T110 RIC III 22, C 307 123) B07, O41, R106, T110 RIC III 10, C 302 124) B07, O41, R107, T109 RIC III 133, C 316 125) B07, O41, R107, T110 RIC III 36a, S 5655, C 311 126) B07, O41, R223, T162 RIC III 9a, S 5706, C 791 127) B07, O41, R224, T059 RIC III 15a, S 5711, C 805 128) B07, O41, R224, T129 RIC III 17, C 806 129) B07, O41, R224, T137 RIC III 19, C 804 130) B07, O41, R224, T140 RIC III 12, S 5707, C 803 131) B07, O41, R227, T112 RIC III 46, C 842 132) B07, O41, R228, T143 RIC III 49, C 854 133) B08, O09, R237, T149 RIC 626 (III, Marcus Aurelius) 134) B08, O16, R222, T179 135) B08, O39, R229, T129 136) B11, O09, R237, T101 RIC 636 (III, Marcus Aurelius) 137) B11, O09, R237, T149 RIC 641 (III, Marcus Aurelius), S 5698 138) B11, O09, R237, T167 RIC 642 (III, Marcus Aurelius) 139) B11, O16, R032, T144 RIC 651 (III, Marcus Aurelius), C 64 140) B11, O16, R218, T144 RIC 650 (III, Marcus Aurelius), C 761 141) B11, O16, R218, T146 RIC 649 (III, Marcus Aurelius), S 5702 142) B11, O16, R222, T074 RIC III 2, C 779 143) B11, O17, R218, T147 RIC 647 (III, Marcus Aurelius) 144) B11, O22, R032, T148 RIC 654 (III, Marcus Aurelius), C 66

AR Denarius (Posthumous) Reference(s) 145) B07, O33, R031, T056 RIC 72a (IVi, Septimius Severus), C 61

AR Quinarius 146) B12, O16, R032, T167 RIC 656 (III, Marcus Aurelius), C 65

AE Medallion 147) B09, O43, R150, T129 Exe: COSVPP

AE Sestertius 148) B04, O13, R257, T184 RIC III 637, C 192 149) B07, O12, R071, T089 Exe: SC RIC III 640, C 203 150) B07, O12, R183, T087 Exe: SC RIC III 641, C 644 151) B07, O13, R175, T059 RIC III 607 152) B07, O13, R175, T176 * over SC in field RIC III 613, C 590 153) B07, O38, R129, T114 RIC III 527, C 352 154) B07, O38, R142, T123 RIC III 528, C 369 155) B07, O38, R146, T127 RIC III 501 156) B07, O38, R159, T047 Exe: COS V PP RIC III 549, C 410 157) B07, O38, R166, T032 RIC III 463, C 506 158) B07, O38, R166, T161 RIC III 460, C 489 159) B07, O38, R171, T073 Exe: FOR RED RIC III 513, C 153 160) B07, O40, R256, T043 Exe: COS IIII PP RIC III 441, C 988 161) B07, O41, R181, T138 RIC III 312, C 627 162) B07, O41, R224, T030 Exe: LIB AVG IIII RIC III 310, C 310 163) B07, O41, R226, T006 RIC III 325 164) B07, O41, R227, T006 RIC III 344 165) B07, O41, R228, T106 RIC III 348, C 850 166) B07, O41, R244, T023 Exe: SC RIC III 332a, C 972 167) B07, O42, R180, T138 RIC III 379, C 620 168) B07, O42, R229, T169 RIC III 374, C898

155 169) B08, O18, R254, T046 Exe: SC RIC 1595 (III, Marcus Aurelius), C 979 170) B11, O19, R079, T123 RIC 1602 (III, Marcus Aurelius)

AE Dupondius Reference(s) 171) B14, O20, R242, T179 RIC III 292a, C 961 172) B14, O28, R171, T001 173) B14, O41, R125, T112 RIC III 315, C 336 174) B14, O42, R229, T119 RIC III 368b, C 881

AE As 175) B02, O07, R206, T161 RIC 1545 (III, Marcus Aurelius) 176) B03, O07, R076, T094 RIC 1547 (III, Marcus Aurelius), C 218 177) B04, O13, R257, T183 Exe: SC RIC III 644, C 193 178) B07, O28, R171, T001 RIC III 517

Commodus Busts

Commodus Types

156 Commodus Types (continued)

157

Commodus Types (continued)

158

Crispina

? – d.183

The wife of Commodus, upon discovering Crispina had been unfaithful to him he had her exiled to an island and executed some time afterwards.

Busts:

1) Draped bust left 2) Draped bust right

Obverses:

1) CRISPINA AVG 2) CRISPINA AVG IMP COMMODI AVG 3) CRISPINA AVGVSTA

Reverses:

1) CERES 2) CONCORDIA 3) DIANA LVCIFERA 4) DIS CONIVGALIBVS 5) DIS GENITALIBVS 6) FECVNDITAS 7) HILARITAS 8) IVNO 9) IVNO LVCINA 10) IVNO REGINA 11) LAETITIA 12) PVDICITIA 13) ROMAE AETERNAE 14) SALVS 15) VENVS 16) VENVS FELIX 17) VENVS VICTRIX

Types:

1) Altar 2) Ceres seated left, holding grain ears and torch. 3) Ceres standing left, holding grain ears and torch. 4) Concordia seated left, holding patera and cornucopia. 5) Concordia seated left, holding patera and two cornucopiae. 6) Concordia standing left, holding patera and cornucopia 7) Diana standing right, holding torch with both hands. 8) Hands, in handshake. 9) Hilaritas standing left, holding palm and cornucopia. 10) Juno standing left, holding patera and scepter. 11) Juno standing left, holding patera and scepter; peacock to lower left. 12) Laetitia standing left, holding wreath and rudder on globe. 13) Pudicitia seated left, touching chest 14) Pudicitia standing left, pulling veil. 15) Roma seated left, holding Victory and spear. 16) Salus seated left, feeding snake on altar. 17) Venus seated left, holding Minerva 18) Venus seated left, holding Minerva and scepter. 19) Venus seated left, holding Victory and scepter; dove under chair. 20) Venus standing left, holding apple and pulling dress from shoulder. 21) Venus standing left, holding apple and scepter. 22) Venus standing right, facing away, leaning on column, holding helmet and scepter.

Mint:

1) Roma

AU Aureus Reference(s) 1) B2 O3 R16 T18 RIC 287 (Commodus)

AR Denarius 2) B2 O1 R05 T01 RIC 281 (Commodus), C 15 3) B2 O3 R01 T03 RIC 276 (Commodus), C 1 4) B2 O3 R02 T06 RIC 278 (Commodus), C 5

It’s easier to find a bronze Sestertius or Dupondius of Crispina than it is a Denarius which is atypical of second century Roman imperial coinage. It’s unlikely that this was any sort of intentional design apart from an administrative oddity. While the abundance of total coins of Crispina and Lucilla are far less than the Faustinas of the previous generation the Denarii are not hard to find and often can be found in pristine condition. Due to the wide range of conditions available in bronze it’s hard to give any sort of meaningful price range but a $100 should buy a fairly nice Crispina bronze or, for that matter, a Denarius too.

159 5) B2 O3 R02 T08 RIC 279 (Commodus), C 8 6) B2 O3 R07 T09 RIC 282 (Commodus), S 6000 7) B2 O3 R08 T11 RIC 283 (Commodus), C 21 8) B2 O3 R15 T20 RIC 286a (Commodus), S 6002, C 35 9) B2 O3 R16 T18

AE Sestertius 10) B2 O2 R14 T16 RIC 672 (Commodus) C 32 11) B2 O3 R02 T04 RIC 665 (Commodus), C 6 12) B2 O3 R07 T09 RIC 678 (Commodus), C 20 13) B2 O3 R11 T12 RIC 669 (Commodus), C 27 14) B2 O3 R12 T13 RIC 670 (Commodus), C 30 15) B2 O3 R16 T18 RIC 673 (Commodus), S 1690, C 40

AE As 16) B2 O3 R11 T12 RIC 683 (Commodus) 17) B2 O3 T09 T10 RIC 680 (Commodus)

Crispina Busts

Crispina Types

160

Pertinax

Augustus 193

A former grammar teacher, Pertinax dabbled in the army where he found great success and climbed the ranks eventually landing several high ranking army and civil posts. He was then nominated Augustus following the murder of Commodus by a Senate only too willing to put the Commodus legacy behind them.

With prompt resolve, he immediately began deconstructing the corrupt machinery that had been operating under the former administration and restoring civil liberties, a liberalized economy and the dignity of the Senate. Loved then by both the public and the Senate, his key misfortune was securing the favor of the army entrusted to protect him. Financially incapable of providing a large donative as was by now customary upon the accession of a new emperor (Commodus had drained the imperial treasury to just a few hundred thousand Denarii) as well as the promise of restoring the traditionally strict discipline of the army (again, under Commodus the army, too, had become corrupted with all sorts of bribes and other ill-gotten wealth) all amounted to a deep dissatisfaction within the army. The hushed complaints broke out into an impromptu mob that then advanced towards the palace. Naive but ever the patriot Pertinax personally met the discontented to attempt to reason with them and instead wound up skewered before help could arrive. No sooner had his blood been spilled than the whole empire wept for the insensible loss of so bright a leader. His reign lasted all of 86 days and his death eventually precipitated a major civil war.

Busts: 1) Bare head right 2) Bare headed, draped bust right 3) Laureate head right 4) Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right 5) Laureate, draped bust right 6) Radiate head right

Obverses: 1) DIVVS PERT PIVS PATER 2) IMP CAES P HELV PERT AVG 3) IMP CAES P HELV PERTIN AVG 4) IMP CAES P HELV PERTINAX AVG

Reverses: 1) AEQVIT AVG TR P COS II 2) CONSECRATIO 3) DIS CVSTODIBVS 4) DIS GENITORIBVS 5) IANO CONSERVAT 6) LAETITIA TEMPOR COS II 7) LAETITIA TEMPORVM COS II 8) LIB AVG TR P COS II 9) MENTI LAVDANDAE 10) OPI DIVIN TR P COS II 11) OPI DIVINAE TR P COS II 12) PON M TR P COS II 13) PROVID DEOR COS II 14) PROVIDEN DEORVM COS II 15) PROVIDENTIAE DEORVM COS II 16) ROMAE AETERNAE 17) SAECVLO FRVGIFERO 18) VOT DECEN TR P COS II 19) No legend

Types: 1) Aequitas standing left, holding scale and cornucopia. 2) Caduceus with grain ears attached on either side. 3) Eagle perched on globe 4) Fortuna standing left, holding rudder on globe and cornucopia 5) Funeral pyre, quadriga atop. 6) Janus standing, facing, holding scepter and resting hand on hip. 7) Laetitia standing left, holding wreath and scepter. 8) Liberalitas standing left, holding coin counter and cornucopia. 9) Libertas standing left, holding pileus and scepter 10) Ops seated left, holding grain ears 11) Pertinas seated left on platform, raising hand, facing citizen on steps to lower left; lictor and Liberalitas in background. 12) Pertinax standing left, sacrificing over altar. 13) Pietas standing, facing, sacrificing over altar and holding incense box; child to right. 14) Providentia standing left, raising hands toward star. 15) Roma seated left on shield, holding Victory and spear

Scoring a Pertinax takes a bit of patience and a lot of cash. Coins are “available” in all three metals but all are very rare. Prices for a Denarius, the most abundant denomination, start in the low- to mid-hundreds of dollars for a barely recognizable coin and go up quickly from there based on condition. Septimius Severus honored Pertinax posthumously on a few coins. These, unfortunately, are also quite rare.

161 16) Wreath, PRIMI DENNALES COS II within.

Mints: 1) Alexandria 2) Roma

AU Aureus Reference(s) 1) B3, O3, R01, T01 RIC IVi 1, BMC 14, C 1 2) B3, O3, R06, T07 RIC IVi 4, C 19 3) B5, O3, R13, T14 RIC IVi 11, BMC 12, C 41

AR Denarius 4) B3, O3, R01, T01 RIC IVi 1, C 2 5) B3, O3, R05, T06 RIC IVi 3, C 17 6) B3, O3, R06, T07 RIC IVi 4, S 6041, C 20 7) B3, O3, R10, T10 RIC IVi 8, S 6045, C 33 8) B3, O3, R13, T14 RIC IVi 10, C 40 9) B3, O3, R17, T02 RIC IVi 12 10) B3, O3, R18, T12 RIC IVi 13

AR Denarius (Posthumous) 11) B1, O1, R02, T03 RIC 24a (IVi, Septimius Severus)

AE Sestertius 12) B3, O4, R15, T14 RIC IVi 21, C 49 13) B3, O4, R18, T12 RIC IVi 24

AE As 14) B3, O3, R10, T10 RIC IVi 35

Pertinax Busts

Pertinax Types

162

Didius Julianus

Augustus 193

In what was to become one of the most shameful episodes in the political annals of the empire, the death of Pertinax launched a frantic search for an imperial replacement. The imperial guard, who held de facto power, decided to "right the wrongs" of Pertinax in a most self-serving manner: by auctioning off the throne! Two of Rome's richest Senators, Didius Julianus and Sulpicianus bid back and forth the donative to be given to each soldier until the sum of

about 25,000 Sestertii was reached by Julianus. He was at this point declared the winner amid a joyous uproar. A joyous uproar, of course, by the soldiers who managed such a princely sum for themselves. The rest of Rome cowered in angst at what fate may bring them in the near future. Gibbon, the famous Roman historian of the eighteenth century, called it the "most insolent excess of military licence" and recalls that after the initial festivities of the day were over Julianus "...passed a sleepless night; revolving most probably in his mind his own rash folly, the fate of his virtuous predecessor, and the doubtful and dangerous tenure of an empire, which had not been acquired by merit, but purchased by money."

And if he did worry he had ample reason to: as soon as news of this travesty reached the various legions scattered about the empire generals were driven to condemn the new emperor and set out to seek the position for themselves, backed by their veteran legions. Septimius Severus, the first to reach the capital, quickly deposed and executed Julianus and then went on to defeat the other rival contenders in a bloody and prolonged civil war.

Busts: 1) Laureate head right 2) Laureate bust right 3) Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right 4) Radiate head right

Obverses: 1) IMP CAES M DID IVLIAN AVG 2) IMP CAES M DID IVLIAN SEVER AVG 3) IMP CAES M DID SEVER IVLIAN AVG

Reverses: 1) CONCORD MILIT 2) PM TR P COS 3) RECTOR ORBIS 4) SECVRITAS PR Types: 1) Concordia standing, facing, holding legionary eagle and standard 2) Didius Julianus seated left, holding globe. 3) Didius Julianus standing left, holding globe and scroll. 4) Fortuna standing left, holding rudder on globe and cornucopia 5) Securitas standing left, holding wreath and scepter.

Mint: 1) Roma

AU Aureus Reference(s) 1) B1, O1, R2, T4 RIC IVi 2, BMC 4, C 8 2) B3, O1, R3, T3 RIC IVi 3, C 14 3) B3, O3, R1, T1 RIC IVi 5, BMC 9, C 1

AR Denarius 4) B1, O1, R1, T1 RIC IVi 1, C 2 5) B1, O1, R2, T4 RIC IVi 2 6) B1, O1, R3, T3 RIC IVi 3, C 15

AE Sestertius 7) B1, O3, R1, T1 RIC IVi 14, C 3

With only two months in power, Rome’s mint officials barely had enough time to get new dies ready before the order came to throw them all away and start working on ones for Septimius Severus. But there are a few coins left of this emperor, even gold ones, and all are highly prized by collectors. How prized? A collectable Denarius will cost a couple thousand dollars or thereabouts. Bronze denominations have more variance because of the wider states of preservation but even a very low grade coin will still be several hundred dollars as long as it can be positively attributed to his reign.

163 8) B1, O3, R3, T3 RIC IVi 16, C 17

AE Dupondius Reference(s) 9) B4, O1, R2, T4 RIC IVi 12, C 13

Didius Julianus Busts

Didius Julianus Types

164

Manlia Scantilla

? - ?

Wife of Didius Julianus.

Bust:

1) Draped bust right

Obverses:

1) MANL SCANTILLA AVG 2) MANLIA SCANTILLA AVG

Reverses:

1) IVNO REGINA 2) PIETAS PVBLICA

Types:

1) Juno standing left, holding patera and scepter 2) Juno standing left, holding patera and scepter; peacock to left 3) Pietas raising hands towards altar

Mint:

1) Roma

AU Aureus Reference(s)

1) B1, O1, R1, T2 RIC 7 (IV, Didius Julianus), C 1

AR Denarius

2) B1, O1, R1, T2 RIC 7 (IV, Didius Julianus), C 2

AE Sestertius

3) B1, O2, R1, T2 RIC 18a (IV, Didius Julianus)

Although Didius Julianus seems to have been more generous than most other emperors when it came to honoring his wife (and daughter) by way of striking coins with her likeness this doesn’t translate into their easy availability for no other reason than his very short reign. It is worth noting however that for the first time in Roman imperial history an empress appears with nearly the same frequency on coins as her husband. In fact, only one other emperor, the ultra-rare usurper Regalianus, will show as much devotion to his wife in this manner.

Known in the gold Aureus, the silver Denarius and in copper Sestertii and Dupondii, all can be expected to cost several hundred dollars even when barely recognizable. More typically, a decent Denarius or Sestertius will cost between $2,000-$5,000.

165

Didia Clara

? - ?

Daughter of Didius Julianus, reputedly the most beautiful woman in Rome at the time.

Bust:

1) Draped bust right

Obverse:

1) DIDIA CLARA AVG

Reverse:

1) HILAR TEMPOR

Type:

1) Hilaritas standing left, holding palm and cornucopia.

Mint:

1) Roma

AU Aureus Reference(s)

1) B1, O1, R1, T1 RIC 10 (IV.i, Didius Julianus), C 2

AR Denarius

2) B1, O1, R1, T1 RIC 10 (IV.i, Didius Julianus), C 3

AE Sestertius

3) B1, O1, R1, T1 RIC 20 (IV.i, Didius Julianus), C 4

Very rare in either silver or bronze (and of course, just about unheard of in gold), coins of Didia Clara do turn up on a fairly regular basis along the numismatic auction house circuit. And they always sell for thousands of dollars each.

166

Pescennius Niger

Augustus 193-194

Niger was the governor of Syria at the time of Pertinax's murder. When he heard what had happened he decided he was the right man for the job. His soldiers quickly fell in line and off they went to Rome. A little kink in their plans cropped up when news reached them that the army of Septimius Severus had the same plans. Niger judiciously figured that his chances of defeating Severus in the open field were not good

so he retreated at once back to Syria to await Severus on his own turf. Although this made things a bit more difficult for Severus, however, he was still able to defeat his rival in separate battles and then executed.

Busts: 1) Laureate head right 2) Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right 3) Laureate, draped bust right

Obverses: 1) IMP ACES C PESCE NIGER IVSTI AV 2) IMP C NIGER IVS AVG COS II 3) IMP C PESC NIGER AVG 4) IMP C PESC NIGER IVS AVG COS II 5) IMP C PESCE NIGER AVG 6) IMP CAES C PES NIGER IVS A 7) IMP CAES C PES NIGER IVS AV 8) IMP CAES C PES NIGER IVS AVG COS II 9) IMP CAES C PESC NGER 10) IMP CAES C PESC NIGER 11) IMP CAES C PESC NIGER AVG 12) IMP CAES C PESC NIGER IVS 13) IMP CAES C PESC NIGER IVS AV 14) IMP CAES C PESC NIGER IVS AVG COS II 15) IMP CAES C PESC NIGER IVS COS II 16) IMP CAES C PESC NIGER IVST A 17) IMP CAES C PESC NIGER IVST AV 18) IMP CAES C PESC NIGER IVST AVG 19) IMP CAES C PESC NIGER IVST AVG COS II 20) IMP CAES C PESC NIGER IVST COS II 21) IMP CAES C PESC NIGER IVSTI A 22) IMP CAES C PESC NIGER IVSTI AV 23) IMP CAES C PESC NIGER IVSTVS AVG 24) IMP CAES C PESC NIGER IVSTVS AVG COS II 25) IMP CAES C PESC NIGER IVT AV 26) IMP CAES C PESCE NIGER ISTI A 27) IMP CAES C PESCE NIGER ISTI AVG 28) IMP CAES C PESCE NIGER IVS COS 29) IMP CAES C PESCE NIGER IVST AVG 30) IMP CAES C PESCE NIGER IVSTI AV 31) IMP CAES C PESCEN NIGER IVST A 32) IMP CAES C PESCEN NIGER IVST AV 33) IMP CAES C PESCEN NIGER IVST AVG 34) IMP CAES C PESCEN NIGER IVSTI A 35) IMP CAES C PESCEN NIGER IVSTI AV 36) IMP CAES C PESE NIGER AVG 37) IMP CAES C PESE NIGER IV A 38) IMP CAES C PISE NIGER AVG 39) IMP CAES PESC NIGER IVS COS II 40) IMP CAES PESC NIGER IVST AV 41) IMP CAES PESC NIGER IVST AVG 42) IMP CAES PESC NIGER IVT AV 43) IMP CAES PESCE NIGER ISTI AVG 44) IMP CAES PESCE NIGER IVST

Reverses: 1) AETERNITAS AVG 2) APOLLINI SANCTO 3) BONAS SPEI 4) BONI EVENTVS 5) CELERI FRVGIFER 6) CERER FRVG 7) CERERI FRVFER 8) CERERI FRVGIF 9) CERERI FRVGIFER 10) CERERI FRVGIFERI 11) CONCORDIA 12) FELICIA TEMPORA 13) FELICIT TEMPOR 14) FELICITAS TEMPOR 15) FELICITAS TEMPORVM 16) FIDEI EXERCITVI

17) FORTVNA PP 18) FORTVNA RED 19) FORTVNA REDVCI 20) FORTVNAE RED 21) FORTVNAE REDV 22) FORTVNAE REDVC 23) FORTVNAE REDVCI 24) HILARITAS AVG 25) IMVISTO IMPER 26) INVIC IMP 27) INVICT IMPERAT 28) INVICTO IMP 29) INVICTO IMP TA 30) INVICTO IMP TROPAE 31) INVICTO IMP TROPAEA 32) INVICTO IMP TROPHAEA

As far as the collector is concerned, locating a coin of Pescennius Niger is not very difficult. However, they are fairly pricey. Regardless of condition, so long as the coin can be positively identified expect to pay a minimum of around $500. Due to imperial bronze coins being mostly issued from Rome itself during this period, there are no available Sestertii, Dupondii or Asses. Other than a few exceedingly rare Aurei this leaves only Denarii. If an abbreviated choice of denominations from which to choose is somewhat disappointing, the bewildering amount of variations from one Denarius to the next will make up for it. Given the nature of Niger’s rise to power coins had to be rushed into production from a provincial mint that did not have extensive familiarity with minting mainstream Denarii. The legends are often erratic and blundered and the rendition of the typical numismatic themes of the day seem odd, crude and carelessly executed. None of this takes away the charm of the coins themselves but it does make cataloguing the corpus of his series very challenging. It should therefore not be surprising to find new varieties.

167 33) INVICTO MPERAI 34) IOVI CAP PR VRB 35) IOVI CONSER 36) IOVI CONSERVATORI 37) IOVI PRAE 38) IOVI PRAE ORBIS 39) IVSTI AVG 40) IVSTITIA AVG 41) IVSTITIA AVGV 42) IVSTITIA AVGVSTI 43) MARTI AVG 44) MARTI AVGVSTO 45) MARTI INVICTO 46) MARTI VICTOR 47) MARTI VICTORI 48) MINER VICT 49) MINER VICTRIS 50) MONET AVG 51) MONETA AVG 52) MONETA COS 53) MONETAE AVG

54) MONETE AVG 55) PIETATI AVG 56) ROMAE AETERN 57) ROMAE AETERNA 58) ROMAE AETERNAE 59) ROMAE ATERAE 60) SAECVLI FELICITAS 61) SAECVLI FLICITAS 62) SALVTI AVG 63) SALVTI AVGVS 64) SALVTI AVGVSTI 65) VICTO IMP TROPAEA 66) VICTOR IVST AVG 67) VICTOR IVSTI AV 68) VICTOR IVSTI AVG 69) VICTORIA AVG 70) VICTORIAE 71) VICTORIAE AVG 72) VIRTVS AVG 73) VIRTVTI AVG

Types: 1) Apollo standing left, leaning on column, holding branch and resting hand on hip 2) Capricorns (2) facing away from each other, hind quarters covered by shield; globe with stars within above and between them. 3) Ceres standing left, holding grain ears and scepter 4) Ceres standing left, holding torch in each hand 5) Concordia standing left, raising hand and holding cornucopiae 6) Cornucopiae (2), crossed 7) Cornucopiae (2), crossed, grain ear in between 8) Crescent with seven stars above 9) Fides standing, facing, holding grain ears and fruit basket 10) Fides standing, facing, holding fruit basket and grain ears. 11) Fides standing, facing, holding wreath and grain ears. 12) Fortuna seated left, holding branch and cornucopia 13) Fortuna seated left, holding branch and wreath 14) Fortuna seated left, holding caduceus and cornucopia. 15) Fortuna seated left, holding patera and wreath 16) Fortuna seated left, holding rudder and cornucopia 17) Fortuna seated left, holding scale and cornucopia 18) Fortuna standing left, holding palm and cornucopia. 19) Fortuna standing left, holding rudder and cornucopia. 20) Jupiter seated left, holding eagle and scepter 21) Jupiter seated left, holding Victory and scepter. 22) Jupiter seated left, holding Victory and scepter; eagle to left. 23) Justitia standing, facing, holding globe and scepter 24) Justitia standing, facing, holding scale and cornucopia 25) Justitia standing, facing, holding scale and scepter. 26) Mars advancing left, holding spear and trophy 27) Mars advancing right, holding spear and trophy 28) Mars standing left, holding trophy and spear 29) Mars standing left, holding Victory and spear with shield. 30) Mars standing left, resting hand on shield and holding spear. 31) Minerva standing left, holding Victory and spear with shield. 32) Modius, grain ears within 33) Moneta standing left, holding scale and cornucopia. 34) Moneta standing left, holding scale and raising skirt. 35) Pescennius Niger standing left, sacrificing over altar 36) Roma seated left, holding Victory and spear; shield to side. 37) Roma standing left, holding Victory and spear 38) Salus standing left, holding scale and cornucopia 39) Salus standing right, holding and feeding snake; altar to lower right. 40) Spes advancing left, holding flower and raising skirt. 41) Trophy 42) Trophy with shields, spears, helmet, etc. (various positions, arrangements) 43) Vexillae (3); center vexillum with shield reading VI / CAV / G 44) Victory advancing left, holding wreath and palm. 45) Victory standing left, holding cornucopia and resting hand on hip. 46) Victory standing left, holding wreath and palm. 47) Victory standing left, holding shield reading AVG on column and palm 48) Victory standing left, holding shield reading AVG on trophy and palm. 49) Victory standing right, holding wreath and palm 50) Virtus advancing right, holding spear and shield 51) Victory advancing right, holding wreath with both hands 52) Virtus standing left, resting hand on shield and holding spear. 53) Virtus standing, facing, holding spear and resting hand on shield

Mints: 1) Antioch 2) Caesarea Capadociae

168 AU Aureus Reference(s) 1) B2, O18, R17, T19 2) B2, O18, R34, T21

AR Denarius 3) B1, O11, R54, T34 RIC IVi 66b 4) B1, O12, R49, T31 5) B1, O13, R14, T06 6) B1, O14, R48, T31 RIC IVi 59, C 53 7) B1, O14, R53, T33 C 56e 8) B1, O14, R66, T44 9) B1, O17, R23, T19 RIC IVi 26c, C 28 10) B1, O17, R40, T24 RIC IVi 45a, C 43 11) B1, O18, R16, T43 12) B1, O18, R23, T14 13) B1, O18, R58, T37 14) B1, O18, R60, T08 RIC IVi 73 15) B1, O18, R62, T39 RIC IVi 75b, C 66a 16) B1, O27, R21, T12 17) B1, O27, R67, T44 18) B1, O31, R23, T18 19) B1, O33, R53, T33 RIC Ivi 64b 20) B1, O41, R62, T39 21) B1, O41, R64, T39 RIC Ivi 77, C 68 22) B1, O41, R71, T47 23) B1, O41, R73, T52 RIC Ivi 92b, C 80a 24) B1, O42, R37, T21

Pescennius Niger Busts

Pescennius Niger Types

169

Clodius Albinus

Augustus 195-196

Albinus was the Governor of Britain when the bloody shakeout and high-emperor turnover was happening in Rome. He struck a deal with Septimius Severus under which he acknowledged Severus as Augustus in return for the title of Caesar. Initially this setup was agreeable to Albinus but Severus little by little began positioning himself in the customary fashion of a dynast. Albinus recognized that if Severus's sons were being groomed for imperial roles this

could only lead to contesting of the initial agreement down the road and, so, he took matters into his own hands and had himself declared emperor.

His timing was good because Severus had his hands full at the time warring in Persia and the Senate despised Severus anyway. Albinus then packed up the main body of his army and began moving towards Rome to solidify his claim there. However, Severus acted quickly and withdrew from the conflicts out east to settle the score with Albinus. By careful maneuvering he was able to intercept the main forces of Albinus, cut off their supplies and engage his weakened armies which were subsequently obliterated. For his part Albinus committed suicide when all was lost for certain. Severus then returned to Rome where he had those in the Senate who had vouched for Albinus executed for treason.

Busts: 1) Bare head right 2) Bare headed, draped and cuirassed bust right 3) Bare headed, draped bust right 4) Laureate head right 5) Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right 6) Laureate, draped bust right

Obverses: 1) D CL SEPT ALBIN CAES 2) D CL SEPT ALBINO CAE 3) D CLO SEP ALBIN CAES 4) D CLOD SEPT ALBIN CAES 5) D CLODIVS ALBIN CAES 6) D CLODIVS ALBINVS CAES 7) IMP C D CLO SEP ALBIN AVG 8) IMP CAE D CLO SEP ALB AVG 9) IMP CAE D CLO SEP ALBINV 10) IMP CAES D CL ALBIN AVG 11) IMP CAES D CLO ALBIN AVG 12) IMP CAES D CLO SEP ALB AVG 13) IMP CAES D CLO SEP AVG 14) IMP CAES D CLOD SEP ALB AVG 15) IMP CAES D CLOD SEPT ALBIN AVG

Reverses: 1) AEQVITAS AVG COS II 2) ANNONA AVG COS II 3) CLEMENTIA AVG COS 4) CONCORDIA 5) COS II 6) FEL AVG COS II 7) FELICITAS AVG COS II 8) FELICITAS COS II 9) FIDES AVG COS II 10) FIDES LEGION COS II 11) FORT REDVCI COS II 12) FORT REDVCT COS II 13) FORTITVDO AVG INVICTA 14) FORTVNA AVG COS II 15) FORTVNAE AVG COS II

16) FORTVNAE REDVCI COS II 17) GEN LVG COS II 18) IOVI VICTORI 19) IOVI VICTORI COS II 20) IOVIS VICTORIAE COS II 21) MAR VLT COS II 22) MARS PATER COS II 23) MIN PAC COS II 24) MINER PACIF COS II 25) MONET AVG COS II 26) PAX AVG COS II 27) PM TR P COS III FEL PR 28) PROV AVG COS II 29) PROVID AVG COS 30) PROVIDEN AVG COS II

31) PROVIDENT AVG COS II 32) PROVIDENTIA AVG COS II 33) ROMAE AETERNAE 34) SAEC FEL COS II 35) SAEC FRVGIF COS II 36) SAECVLI FEL COS II 37) SAECVLO FRVGIFERO 38) SAECVLO FRVGIFERO COS II 39) SALVTI AVG COS II 40) SPE AVG COS II 41) SPES AVG COS II 42) VICT AVG COS II 43) VIRTVTI AVG COS II 44) VIRTVTI AVGVSTI

Types: 1) Aequitas standing left, holding scale and cornucopia. 2) Aesculapius standing left, holding staff with snake coiled around it. 3) Annona standing left, holding grain ears and cornucopia. 4) Clementia standing left, holding patera and scepter. 5) Concordia seated left, holding patera and two cornucopiae 6) Felicitas seated left, holding caduceus and cornucopia. 7) Felicitas standing left, holding caduceus and branch. 8) Felicitas standing left, holding caduceus and scepter. 9) Fides standing right, holding grain ears and fruit basket.

The coinage of Clodius Albinus is split into two main groups. The first comprises those coins that were minted in Rome while he was recognized as Caesar and the second of him as rebel contender which were struck out of his homebase of Lugdunum (now Lyons, France). The Denarii of the first set are considerably easier to find and afford but tend to run fairly low grade as offered by coin dealers and usually the flans are a bit small making complete legends a rarity. On the other hand the Denarii minted in Lugdunum, while rarer, are often of better quality. Bronze denominations are scarce across the board and run on the poorer side of preservation when available. A typically preserved Rome-struck Denarius will cost about $100. High-grade Lugdunum Denarii will likely cost over $500.

170

10) Fortuna seated left, holding rudder on globe and cornucopia. 11) Fortuna seated left, holding rudder on globe and cornucopia; wheel under chair 12) Fortuna standing left, holding rudder and cornucopia. 13) Genius standing left, holding scepter and cornucopia; eagle to left. 14) Hands, in handshake, holding legionary eagle. 15) Hercules standing left, resting hand on club and holding globe. 16) Jupiter seated left, holding spear and resting hand on shield. 17) Jupiter standing, holding Victory and scepter; eagle to left. 18) Legionary eagle, standard on either side. 19) Mars advancing right, holding spear and trophy. 20) Mars standing right, holding spear and resting hand on shield 21) Minerva standing left, holding branch and spear with shield 22) Moneta standing left, holding scale and cornucopia. 23) Pax standing left, holding branch and cornucopia. 24) Providentia standing left, holding wand over globe and scepter. 25) Roma seated left, holding Palladium and scepter. 26) Salus seated left, feeding snake on altar. 27) Salus standing left, sacrificing over altar and holding scepter. 28) Saeculum Frugiferum standing left, holding caduceus and trident 29) Saturn seated left, raising hand and holding grain ears; sphinx on either side. 30) Spes advancing left, holding flower and raising skirt. 31) Victory advancing right, holding wreath and palm. 32) Victory seated right, holding palm and shield 33) Victory standing left on globe, holding wreath and palm. 34) Virtus standing left, holding parazonium and spear.

Mints: 1) Alexandria 2) Lugdunum 3) Roma

AU Aureus Reference(s) 1) B1, O04, R37, T27 RIC IVi 9b, C 70

AR Denarius 2) B1, O01, R11, T11 Exe: SC RIC IVi 53 3) B1, O02, R12, T10 4) B1, O04, R05, T02 RIC IVi 2, S 6140, C 9 5) B1, O04, R08, T08 RIC IVi 4, C 15 6) B1, O04, R24, T21 RIC IVi 7, C 48 7) B1, O04, R33, T25 RIC IVi 11, C 61 8) B1, O06, R29, T24 RIC IVi 1, C 58 9) B4, O11, R17, T13 RIC IVi 23c, C 40 10) B4, O11, R21, T20 11) B4, O12, R10, T14 RIC IVi 20, C 24 12) B4, O12, R17, T13 RIC IVi 23b, C 40 13) B4, O12, R42, T32 RIC IVi 47 14) B4, O12, R42, T33

AE Sestertius 15) B1, O01, R11, T11 RIC IVi 53b 16) B1, O04, R04, T05 RIC IVi 62, C 7 17) B1, O04, R08, T08 RIC IVi 52b 18) B1, O04, R24, T21 RIC IVi 54a

AE As 19) B1, O01, R38, T28 RIC IVi 61b, C 72 20) B1, O04, R08, T08 RIC IVi 58, C 17

171

Clodius Albinus Busts

Clodius Albinus Types