erik erikson's eight stages of psychosocial development
TRANSCRIPT
Erikson’s Eight
Stages of Psychosoci
al Developme
ntPresentation by Renee Illerbrun, Heather Kleinsmith, Kevin
McMullen, and Ann Pallifrone
Erik Eriksonand his psychosocial stages
Ideas influenced by Freud’s work with personalities
Ego psychologist Believed the ego develops as
it successfully resolves social crises
Maintained that personality develops in a predetermined order and each builds upon the previous stage
Interested in how children socialize and how that affects their sense of self
Eight Stagesof Psychosocial Development
Stage One: Trust vs. Mistrust
Can I trust the people around me?The most important period in a person’s life
Infancy
Trust• Stability
• Consistency
• Building blocks that are necessary to construct the trust for success in life
• Virtue of hope
Mistrust• Failing to complete the stage of
virtue of hope
• Increased/heightened sense of fear
• Anxiety
• General feeling of mistrust in the world around them
Stage Two: Autonomy vs. Shame and
DoubtCan I do things myself or am I reliant on the help of others?
Children at this stage are focused on developing a greater sense of self-control.
Early Childhood
Autonomy• Ages of 1-3 years old
• Independence
• Self-confidence
• Positive or negative
Shame and Doubt• Positive reassurance
• Over protective
• Feeling shameful
• Learn doubt
• Toilet training
“Erikson believes that children who experience too
much doubt at this stage will lack
confidence in their powers later in life”
(Woolfolk, 1987).
Stage Three: Initiative vs.
Guilt The child develops a fundamental understanding of morals and values. They gain self-esteem and
learn to cooperate with their peers. This is affected by a sense of power and control of their
environment, which concludes to the positive outcome of self-purpose and worth.
Preschool
The FactsInitiative vs. Guilt• Begin to explore their own feelings about themselves
while dealing with society’s perceptions and expectations
• Suicide risk• Anger directed towards themselves rather than
others• May also do things such as change their address,
practitioner, job/career, etc.• Feeling “worn down” and search for ways to quickly
escape issues• Impulsivity: a big characteristic• Abandonment issues• Feel stuck in the “victim” role
StrategiesInitiative vs. Guilt
1.Focus on attaining reasonable goals that build self esteem
2.Expand support networks – suggest support groups
3.Vocational rehabilitation evaluations can be initiated
4. Involvement with others – helps to remove personalized guiltex. “What did I do to deserve this?”
5.Peer to peer mentorship – helps transition to the next stage
Recovering people will apply the newly acquired coping skills and hopefully recover from their old ways of coping in order to pursue empowerment, minimize disability, and change
recurrent episodes/residual symptoms.
Stage Four: Industry vs.
Inferiority
Goal represented in this stage of development reflects the individual’s ability to rely on
themselves. During this stage the child will learn about friendship, self- evaluation and teamwork.
Provides a sense of ‘competence’ in terms of educational achievement.
School Age
Recovery ProcessIndustry vs. Inferiority
• Energy stage
Activity vs. Isolation and Rehabilitation vs. Static Disability
Addressed by seeking out greater levels of purposeful work and meaningful leisure chases
• People who negotiate a mutually flexible, combined relationship with their providers will progress faster
StrategiesIndustry vs. Inferiority• Pursuit of interests and activity
• focus involves increase in the basic drive to be productive as well as success with one’s recovery plan
• Vocational rehabilitation services
• Practitioner needs to continue to nurture both independence and production and assist the recovering person in determining comfortable limits on activity• should model problem solving skills and help come to
constructive solutions
Stage Five: Identity vs. Role
Confusion
Who am I? Who can I be?Children are exploring their
independence and sense of self.
Adolescence
The FactsIdentity vs. Role Confusion
• Ages 13-19 years old (adolescence)
• Fidelity is the main virtue
• Development of social relationships is important
• Concerned with appearances
• Sense of sexual identity
• Figuring out future roles in the adult world
• Risk of “identity crisis”
Stage Six: Intimacy vs.
Isolation
Will I be loved or will I be alone?The major conflict centers on forming
intimate, loving relationships with other people.
Young Adulthood
The FactsIntimacy vs. Isolation
• Ages 18-40• Newfound identity and meaningfulness• Developing intimacy and willingness to
express feelings and share experiences
Possible OutcomesIntimacy vs. Isolation
Failure to Establish Intimacy Results in:1. Loneliness2. Feeling or being uncared for
Success in Establishing Intimacy Results in:3. Close intimate friendships4. Feeling secure in relationshipsWhat is the importance in
understanding this stage?
Stage Seven: Generativity vs. Self-
Absorption (Stagnation)
How can I contribute to the world?
Adults strive to create or nurture things that will outlast them.Middle Adulthood
The FactsGenerativity vs. Self-Absorption
- Ages 40-65
- Goes further into looking beyond and toward the future
- Establishing family and productivity in the community
- If they do not feel productive or that they have accomplished their goals, they feel like they are losing the meaning of life- mid-life crisis
Why is this important to understand?
Stage Eight: Ego Integrity vs.
Despair
Did I live a meaningful life?People reflect on the life they have lived
and come away with either a sense of fulfillment or a sense of regret.
Maturity
The FactsEgo Integrity vs. Despair
• Age 65 until death
• Wisdom is the main virtue
• Retrospection (the final developmental task)
• Can occur out of sequence ex. Terminal disease diagnosis
Possible OutcomesEgo Integrity vs. Despair
Seeing Your Life as Productive/Successful:- Contemplate accomplishments- Develop integrity
Seeing Your Life as Unproductive/Unsuccessful:- Dissatisfied with life - Develop despair
- Can lead to depression/hopelessness
So, how is this theory relevant to
us?and
How does this theory help us
better understand ourselves?