ermslides1
DESCRIPTION
Class presentation slides for ERM 150 (first quarter) for Spring Semester 2009TRANSCRIPT
Animal Populations
Quagga Cockroach
Population Factors
Distribution/RangeNicheHabitat ToleranceResource Availability
Reproductive rate
Biotic Potential: MaturityMortality
Distribution
Migration
Motility
Broadcasting
Niche
Predator/Prey
Host/Parasite
Mutualistic
Predator Prey
Host Parasite
Demodex mite: Human eyelid
Host Parasite
Demodex mite: Human eyelid
Mutualism
E. Coli : Human intestines
Mutualism
E. Coli : Human intestines
Habitat Tolerance
Mexican Burrowing Toad
Resource AccessCompetitive exclusion
Resource partitioning
Reproductive Rate
Maturity
Mortality
Environmental Resistance
J curve S curve
Environmental Resistance
J curve S curve
Strategies
K-selected EquilibriumLarger, few offspring
R-selectedOpportunist
smaller, short-lived
Human Population
Human Population
Thomas Malthus(1766 - 1834)
Demographics
Growth Rate = Birth Rate - Death rate
69 years
Doubling time = growth rate
Current World Population
http://www.ibiblio.org/lunarbin/worldpop
http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idb/summaries.html
21st century projection
Population Distribution
Population Profiles
US birth rates
Since 1800
Decrease in death rateVaccines, antibiotics, sanitation
Diagnosis and treatment
Lifestyle choicesdiet, exercise, nutrition
Child Mortality rates
What is Human?
What is Human?
Opposable Thumbspower, precision grip
Bipedalism
Color, 3-D vision
Language and abstract thought
Phylogenetics
African homeland
Timelines
“Lucy”
Australopithecus afarensis
Skull Comparison
Cranial Volume
Homo Neanderthalsis
Speech?
Neanderthal extinction
Climate, resources
Epidemics
“Culture Gap”
Hybridization
Hybrids?
Homo floresiensis
Sources of evidence
Geological
Archaeological
Biological
Carbon Isotopes
12C 13C 14C
6 protons6 neutrons
6 protons7 neutrons
6 protons8 neutrons
STABLE STABLE RADIOACTIVE
Half Life
Half life (14C) = 5730 years
Shroud of Turin
Ice Man (Otzi)
Ice Man (Otzi)
Technology
Great Leap Forward
40,000 - 50,000 years ago
Climate
Tool construction
Language
Biological evidence
Hemoglobin
Sickle Cell anemia
Lactose Tolerance
Lactose Tolerance
DNA
Chromosomes
Genetic Fingerprinting
Y haplogroups
Y haplogroup distribution
Mitochondrial DNA
mtDNA haplogroups
Exodus
Mitochondrial Eve
Mutations
Ellis-vanCreveld
Blood Groups
Blood Type Distribution
CCR5-∆-32
Plague survivors
HIV resistance
Human migration
Fertile Crescent
Agricultural centers
Agricultural centers
Access to fresh water
Temperate climate
Domesticable flora & fauna
Domestication
Dominance hierarchy (herds)
Non-territorial
Non-carnivorous, not aggressive
Easy breeding in captivity
Domesticable Plants
Edible, non-toxic
Annual, high yield
Seed broadcasting
Use as material
Setbacks
Droughts, Floods
Competition
Sanitation
Farming advantages
Birth intervals
Labor assistance
Lifestyle changes
Hunter/gatherer farmer
Deadly Gifts
measles rinderpest
Species jumps
Measles Rinderpest
Smallpox Pox virus
Bird influenza influenza
FPLV Canine parvovirus
Distemper (dogs) Distemper (seals)
Dawn of Disease
Increased contact time
Animal labor
Sanitation issues
Pathogens
Girolamo Fracastro “seeds too small to be seen”
Pasteurspontaneous generation
Kochmicroorganism <-> disease
Pathogenic classes
Virus
Bacteria
Prion
Viruses
Non-livingDNA or RNA surrounded by protein
Need host cell to propagate
Viral Replication
Viruses
Flu
Rabies
HIV
Bacteria
Cellular organism
Characterized by size/shape
Aerobic or anaerobic
Cell division
Eukaryotic cell
Bacterial vs. viral size
Bacterial shapes
Mitosis
Bacteria
Bubonic plague
Legionnaires disease
Heliobacter pylori
Prion(proteinaceous infectious particle)
Only protein
Must be consumed
Long incubation period
Prion
Mad cow disease
Scrapie
Progress of Disease
exposure incubation recovery
Defense
1. Barrier
2. Inflammation
3. Memory
Barrier Defense
Skin
Gastrointestinal Tract
Respiratory system
Inflammation Response
Redness, swelling
Fever
Fatigue, weakness
Histamine release
Memory (Immune system)
Antigen --- Antibody
Phagocytosis
Memory (Immune system)
LymphocytesB cells: must be activated
recognize and bind antigen
antibody - mediated
T cells: cell - mediatedfind, bind, destroy
Lymphatic system
Modern Defenses
Pasteurization, Refrigeration
Vaccinations
Antibiotics, Antiseptics
Active vs. Passive Immunity
ActiveVaccines (disabled or killed
viruses)Life - long immunity
Passive: Immunoglobulins (Ig’s)short term
Autoimmune Diseases
Allergies
Asthma
Lupus Erythematosis
Rheumatoid Arthritis