erosion. definitions erosion- breakdown and movement of materials by wind, water, or ice deposition-...
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Erosion
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DefinitionsErosion- Breakdown and movement of materials by wind, water, or ice
Deposition- Drop off or settling of eroded materials
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Wind ErosionGenerally occurs because there is no vegetation to hold down sand or soil
Increased wind speeds moves more materials and heavier materials
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Wind ErosionProcesses
Saltation- Movement of sand-sized particles by skipping and bouncing in the wind’s direction
Deflation- Lifting and removal of fine sediment by wind
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Saltation
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Wind ErosionProcesses
Abrasion- grinding and wearing down of rock surfaces by other rock or sand
Deposition at dunes or loess
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Sand Dune
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Wave ErosionWaves continually break, picking up and depositing materials
Large storms with gusty winds create more wave energy leading to more erosion
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Wave ErosionCreates sea cliffs and other coastal landforms
Deposition at beaches
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Stream ErosionStreams begin as a channel, or path the water follows
The channel widens and deepens as rock and soil are moved
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Stream ErosionRate is affected by gradient and discharge
Gradient- elevation over a certain distance
Discharge- Volume of water transported in a given time
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Underground ErosionGroundwater dissolves certain types of rock
Caves form from dissolved limestone
Deposits are called dripstoneStalactite and stalagmite
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Ice ErosionGlacier- Enormous mass of moving ice
Iceberg- Large piece of ice that breaks off a glacier into water
Calving- Process that forms icebergs
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Ice ErosionThick glaciers move faster than thin glaciers
Glaciers with steeper slopes move faster
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Ice ErosionTypes of glaciers
Alpine glaciers forms rugged features in mountains such as the Rocky Mountain and Alps
Continental glaciers smooth landscape by getting rid of existing landforms
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Alpine Glacier erosion
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Ice ErosionDeposition is called glacial drift
Stratified Drift occurs when sediment is sorted by water flowing from melting ice
Till Deposits are unsorted materials
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GravityErosion by gravity is called mass movement
Examples are landslides, rock fall, mudflow, and creep (slow movement of materials downward)