ert 312 lecture 2 accident & loss statistics. a measure of the effectiveness of the safety...
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ERT 312ERT 312LECTURE 2
Accident & Loss Statistics Accident & Loss Statistics
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Accident & Loss Statistics Accident & Loss Statistics
A measure of the effectiveness of the safety programs
An indicator whether a process is safe or SOP is working correctly
Taken by average, thus not reflect for single events involving substantial losses
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3 ALS Systems:3 ALS Systems:OSHA Incidence RateFatal Accident Rate (FAR)Fatality Rate, or Death per
Person per Year
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OSHA Incidence RateOSHA Incidence RateBased on cases/100 worker yearsA standard worker year = 2000
hours◦50 weeks/year x 40 hours/week
Therefore, OSHA IR is based on 200,000 hours of worker exposure to a hazard◦100 worker years x 2000 hours
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Number of lost workdays
Injury and illness (Equation 1)
Lost workdays (Equation 2)
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Question 1.9 Question 1.9 (Crowl & Louvar, 2002)(Crowl & Louvar, 2002)
A university has 1200 full-time employees. In a particular year this university had 38 reportable lost-time injuries and 274 lost workdays. Compute the OSHA IR based on injuries and lost workdays.
Assume an employee works for 8hr, 250 days/year
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Answers:Answers:OSHA IR (Injury and Illness) =
3.17OSHA IR (Lost workdays) = 22.83
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FARFARBritish chemical industryBased on 1000 employees
working their entire lifetimeTotal working years/employee =
50 yearsTherefore, FAR is based on 108
working hours
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Equation 3
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Question 1.3 Question 1.3 (Crowl & Louvar, 2002)(Crowl & Louvar, 2002)
Assuming that a car travels at an average speed of 50 km/h, how many kilometres must be driven before a fatality is expected?
Assume FAR for travelling by car=57 deaths/108
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Answer:Answer:Refer to table 1.4, FAR travelling
by car is 57 deaths/108 hours.Speed = 50 km/hA death will occur every 108/57 =
1.75 x 106 hours.Therefore, distance before a
death occur = 87.5 x 106 miles
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Fatality RateFatality RateIndependent of the number of
hours actually workedBased on the general populationFAR Fatality rate
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Question 1.5 Question 1.5 (Crowl & Louvar, 2002)(Crowl & Louvar, 2002)
A plant employs 1500 full-time workers in a process with a FAR of 5. How many industrial related deaths are expected per year?
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Answer:Answer:Expected industrial related death
per year = 0.15
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NATURE OF ACCIDENT PROCESS & SEQUENCE
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Table 1: Common Chemical Table 1: Common Chemical Plant Accidents Plant Accidents (Crowl & Louvar, 2002)(Crowl & Louvar, 2002)
Type of Accident
Probability of Occurrence
Potential for Fatalities
Potential for Economic Loss
Fire High Low Intermediate
Explosion Intermediate Intermediate High
Toxic Release
Low High Low
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Causes of LossesCauses of LossesMechanical failureOperator errorProcess upsetsNatural hazardsDesign FlawSabotage/ArsonUnknown ???
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Accident 3-Step SequenceAccident 3-Step Sequence
InitiationPropagationTermination
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InitiationInitiationThe event that starts the
accident
Example: Mr. A threw away a burned cigarette bud into dried bushes
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PropagationPropagationThe event or events that maintain
or expand the accident
Example:A portion of dried bushes ignited, releasing thick smoke and hot flame. Fire starts to progress to another part of bushes
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TerminationTerminationThe event or events that stop the
accident or diminish it in size.
Example:Consumption of combustible materials in process, fire extinguisher.
More example: refer to Table 1.7, Page 19 (Crowl & Louvar, 2002)