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ESA-CNES Final Presentation Days 6 June 2013

Proton and gamma radiation test data in recent COTS and radiation-tolerant optocouplers

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Training program:evaluation testing of opocouplers

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Radiation testing activities overview Objectives

Measurements & Irradiation tests

Tested devices

Data overview Proton irradiations

Gamma irradiations

Observations

Part to part & lot to lot variability

Effect of measurement parameters

Case study: effects of technology and process changes

Investigation radiation effects Separate parts irradiations

CTR correlation with initial reverse recovery time

Contents

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• Data overview of degradation under irradiation and how

different electrical layout, construction and operational

(bias) conditions impact on the radiation hardness.

• Present

• Result of separated emitter and receiver irradiation - to

estimate the dominant part in the total degradation.

• Investigation on screening methodology for parts

selection, based on reverse recovery time of the LEDs was

analysed to assess its applicability to the DUTs

Objectives

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DUTs selection boundaries: Low bandwidth Analog optocouplers

7 rad tolerand (Isolink, Micropac) +14 COTS Emitter: 660nm/850nm

Receiver: Phototransistor / Photodiode&Transistor For radiation tolerant Receiver:Phototransistor / Photodiode&transistor / Photodiode&darlington For COTS

Optocouplers provide electrical isolation between circuit blocks

two dies (Emitter AlGaAs DD - Receiver Si DD&TID)

separated by an optically transparent but electrically isolating medium.

DUT -> Optocouplers

Emitter Receiver

Example of optocoupler electrical layout and X-ray view (Isolink)

Information is transferred by the light generated from a light emitting diode (LED) and sensed by a photodetector receiver(photodiode or a phototransistor, or more complex stages).

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A primary parameter of interest is the Current Transfer Ratio (CTR).

CTR is the ratio of the photodetector collector current Ic to the LED forward

current If for a fixed collector emitter voltage(Vce):

The CTR was measured over the LED forward current range, from 0.1 to 20mA.

Testing: Measurements

𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 = 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼

Stage Measurement Emitter LED minority carriers reverse recovery time (LED trr)

LED reverse current (Ir) Receiver Base-collector minority carriers reverse recovery time (BC trr ),

Dark currents in the collector-emitter and base-collector junctions (ICE-DARK, IBC-DARK), Current gain hFE

Optocoupler CTR Collector emitter saturation voltage VCE-SAT, Photosensitivity (photocurrent on phototransistor base)

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Part type, Date code (D/C), Screening level

Co-60 Irradiations Proton Irradiations

Dose rate Number of DUTs and biasing conditions

Proton Energy

Number of DUTs and biasing conditions

66191-303 D/C 1004 JAN-S

360 rad/h 3 B (If=10mA,Ic=1mA) - - 360 rad/h 3 B (Vce=12V) - - 360 rad/h 4 B (If=10mA) - -

66191-313 D/C 1031 JAN-S

- - 28 MeV 6 GND - - 60 MeV 9 GND - - 184MeV 9 GND

360 rad/h 3 B (If=10mA,Ic=1mA) - - 360 rad/h 3 B (Vce=12V) - - 360 rad/h 4 B (If=10mA) - -

66223-001 D/C 1116 commercial

- - 60 MeV 4 GND

66226-001 D/C 1112 commercial

- - 28 MeV 6 GND - - 60 MeV 9 GND - - 184MeV 9 GND

66266 D/C 1117 commercial

- - 30 MeV 2 GND - - 30 MeV 2 B (If=1mA,Vce=5V) - - 60 MeV 4 GND - - 60 MeV 4 B (If=1mA,Vce=5V)

66266 - - 60 MeV Separated parts OLH249 D/C 0614 commercial

- - 60 MeV 3 GND

OLS449 D/C 0949 commercial

36 rad/h 4 GND - - 36 rad/h 4 B (If=1mA,Vce=5V) - -

360 rad/h 4 GND - - 360 rad/h 4 B (If=1mA,Vce=5V) - -

- - 50 MeV 4 GND - - 50 MeV 4 B (If=1mA,Vce=5V) - - 173 MeV 4 GND - - 173 MeV 4 B (If=1mA,Vce=5V)

OLS449 D/C 1118 commercial

- - 60 MeV 3 GND - - 60 MeV 4 GND - - 184 MeV 3 GND

OLS449 - - 60 MeV Separated parts

Rad tolerant part type vs Rad.test overview

CTR was measured at the nominal condition indicated in the manufacturer’s datasheet of each part type

If=1 mA, Vce=5V

If=10mA, Vce=1V

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Proton and/or gamma rays were used as radiation sources.

Gamma-ray (Co-60) induces total ionizing dose (TID) effects, while

protons induce both TID and displacement damage (DD).

• Proton irradiation with proton beams ranging from 28 MeV to 184 MeV

– Kernfysisch Versneller Instituut (KVI) in Groningen and

– Université Catholique de Louvain-la-Neuve (UCL)

• Gamma ray irradiation with a Co-60 source at 36 and 360 rad(Si)/h

– ESA-ESTEC (European Space Agency, European Space Research and

Technology Center).

Testing: Irradiation

8 MII 66191-303

MII 66191-313

MII 66223

MII 66226-001

MII 66266

ISOLINK OLS249

ISOLINK OLS449

• An important source of part-to-part variations comes from the precision of hybrid mounting of the dies , coupling media deposition, combined variability of emitter and receiver performances.

• In the graphs below is reported the initial CTR characteristic of each DUT measured with a sweep of forward current applied on the LED (If=0.1 to 40mA), with a fix polarisation between collector and emitter (VCE).

Part-to-part and lot-to-lot variability (before irradiation)

Initial CTR characteristic for two Micropac part types 66191-303 and 66191-313 measured at VCE=1V. Dots are the single DUT measurement, lines are the average for each group.

Initial CTR characteristic for Isolink OLS449 measured at VCE=5V. Comparison of two lost with different date code. Dots are the single DUT measurement, lines are the average for each group.

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Study Case: process change

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

0 25 50 75 100

Norm

aliz

ed C

TR

Total Ionizing Dose (krad(Si))

66191-313 If=10 mA, Ic=1mA66191-313 Vce=12 V66191-313 If=10mA66191-303 If=10 mA, Ic=1mA66191-303 Vce=12 V66191-303 If=10mA

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

0 100 200Annealing

hours

– Normalized CTR (If=10mA, Vce=1V) of MII 66191-303 and 66191-313 – Co-60 gamma rays irradiation – Three different biasing during irradiation and following annealing.

The 2N2222 transistor in the receiver stage was changed in MII 66191

Comparison of the older (66191-303) and the newer (66191-313) Same LED and same photodiodes => direct comparison of TID degradation effects due to the different transistors

MII 66191-303

MII 66191-313

MII 66223

MII 66226-001

MII 66266-001

ISOLINK OLS249

ISOLINK OLS449

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Gamma ray irradiations

• TID tests were performed at 360 rad(Si)/h and 36rad(Si)/h .

• The parts were biased or grounded during irradiation.

• The Co-60 irradiation were followed by a 24-hour anneal at room

temperature and 168-hour anneal at 100°C, according to ESCC22900.

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

0 25 50 75 100 125

Nor

mal

ized

CTR

Total Ionizing Dose (krad)

Isolink OLS449

Biased (If=1mA,Vce=5V) , 360 rad(Si)/hGND , 360 rad(Si)/hBiased (If=1mA,Vce=5V) , 36 rad(Si)/hGND , 36 rad(Si)/h

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

0 100 200Annealing

hours

ELDRS not observed

Important effect of biasing condition during irradiation -worst case GND-

MII 66191-303

MII 66191-313

MII 66223

MII 66226`-001

MII 66266-001

ISOLINK OLS249

ISOLINK OLS449

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Measurement condition comparison

OLS449 Phototransistor Irradiation: -Co-60 gamma ray -Dose rate : 360 rad/h -Biasing: GND Biased( If=1mA,Vcc=5V)

10 mA 1 mA 0.1 mA

Norm

aliz

ed C

TR

TID krad(Si) MII 66191-303

MII 66191-313

MII 66223

MII 66226`-001

MII 66266-001

ISOLINK OLS249

ISOLINK OLS449

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Study case: Process change

- Normalized CTR (If=10mA, Vce=1V) -Grounded -Irradiation with different proton beam energies (28, 60 and 184MeV)

As DD is almost always the dominant degradation mechanisms for the LED, a comparison of the two part types was performed with proton beam irradiations at various energies.

LED replacement MII 66191-313 -> MII 66226-001

Same receiver stage, different LED: 660nm or 850nm

MII 66191-303

MII 66191-313

MII 66223

MII 66226`-001

MII 66266-001

ISOLINK OLS249

ISOLINK OLS449

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Proton irradiations Energy &biasing

• Measurements were performed at increasing proton fluences with

several proton energies ranging from 28 to 184 MeV.

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1E+09 1E+10 1E+11 1E+12

Proton f luence (p/cm2)

Isolink OLS449

50MeV Grounded50MeV Biased173MeV U (#68)173MeV Biased173MeV Grounded

Proton energy, Biasing

50MeV Grounded50MeV Biased

173MeV Biased173MeV GroundedNo

rmal

ized

CTR

MII 66191-303

MII 66191-313

MII 66223

MII 66226`-001

MII 66266-001

ISOLINK OLS249

ISOLINK OLS449

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Proton irradiations Normalized CTR

PD

PT

PT

PD

PT

PD

MII 66191-303

MII 66191-313

MII 66223

MII 66226`-001

MII 66266-001

ISOLINK OLS249

ISOLINK OLS449

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Proton irradiations CTR characteristic (If=0.1 – If=20 mA)

MII 66191-303

MII 66191-313

MII 66223

MII 66226`-001

MII 66266-001

ISOLINK OLS249

ISOLINK OLS449

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0

5

10

15

20

25

0 2 4 6 8 10LED forward current (mA)

Curre

nt tr

ansf

er ra

tio

initial meas @ESTECinitial meas @KVI8.00E+09 p/cm22.30E+10 p/cm21.90E+11 p/cm3.10E+11 p/cm25.00E+11 p/cm2

Proton irradiations & Co-60 gamma rays CTR characteristic (If=0.1 – If=20 mA)

MII 66191-303

MII 66191-313

MII 66223

MII 66226`-001

MII 66266-001

ISOLINK OLS249

ISOLINK OLS449

OLS449- 173 MeV proton– GND – Vce=5V

OLS449- TID – GND – Vce=5V

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Comparison of normalized CTR of 14 part types of COTS optocouplers

irradiated in unbiased conditions by 60MeV proton.

The CTR value is averaged on 3 samples.

Commercial optocouplers

Nor

mal

ized

CTR

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1E+09 1E+10 1E+11 1E+12

CNY17F KB356 KPC357 LTV352 LTV355 LTV356 LTV357 PC355 PC357 SFH6136 SFH6345 HCPL4504 TPL127 HCPL181

Proton f luence (p/cm2)

Avago HCPL4504 Vishay SFH6135 Vishay SFH6345

Avago HCPL181 Liteon LTV356 Liteon LTV357 Vishay SFH690

Sharp PC357 Kinbright KB356 Fairchild CNY17F3 Cosmo KPC357

Liteon LTV352 Toshiba TPL127

Liteon LTV355 Sharp PC355

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Radiation tests ongoing on ECI-2 activity Development of an European Radiation tolerant Optocoupler ( OIER 10 )

Project consortium: Optoi (coordination and manufacturing)

FBK (front-end) AdvEOTec (testing)

European Radiation Tolerant Optocoupler OIER 10

Project funded by the European Space Agency, coordinated by TEC-QTC,

in the frame of the European Component Initiative (Phase 2)

Ongoing radiation testing: Proton irradiation, beam energy (KVI): 25 MeV, 60MeV and 185 MeV Gamma ray irradiation (ESA-ESTEC Co-60): 36 rad(Si)/h and 360 rad(Si)/h Next step of the activity ESCC evaluation testing (planned for Jun-Dec 2013)

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Normalized CTR @ If= 1mA, Vce=5V

TID [rad(Si)]

0 25000 50000 75000 100000 125000 150000

Nor

mal

ized

CTR

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

Test results

Proton Fluence (p/cm2)

Biasing condition, Dose rate

GND 360rad/h

GND 36rad/h

If=3mA,Vcc=5V 360rad/h

If=3mA,Vcc=5V 36rad/h

-x- Pre-irradiation -x- proton, fluence3 E10 60MeV

Proton irradiation biased/unbiased Co-60 gamma-ray irradiation biased/unbiased 36/360 rad/h

1E12 1E11 1E10 1E9

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Separate irradiations of the LED and Phototransistor

MII 66191-303

MII 66191-313

MII 66223

MII 66226`-001

MII 66266-001

ISOLINK OLS249

ISOLINK OLS449

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Separate irradiations of the LED and Phototransistor

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1E+09 1E+10 1E+11 1E+12

Nor

mal

ized

CTR

Fluence (p/cm2)

MII 66266

(a) 66266 OC(b) 66266 sep(c) LED irradiated(d) PT irradiated

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1E+09 1E+10 1E+11 1E+12

Nor

mal

ized

CTR

Fluence (p/cm2)

Isolink OLS449

(a) OLS449(b) OLS449 sep(c) LED irradiated(d) PT irradiated

Comparison of CTR (If=1mA,Vce=5V) degradation of four assemblies of OLS449.

Comparison of CTR (If=1mA,Vce=5V) degradation of four assemblies of 66266.

MII 66191-303

MII 66191-313

MII 66223

MII 66226`-001

MII 66266-001

ISOLINK OLS249

ISOLINK OLS449

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CTR correlation with initial reverse recovery time

• LED minority carriers can be correlated with the LED power

degradation caused by displacement damage [8]. Peyre et al. [9]

analyzed the correlation between CTR degradation with proton fluence

and the pre-rad value of the LED reverse recovery time (trr),

suggesting that this method could be used to select the most promising

devices.

During this work, the measurement of the LED trr and base collector junction trr was performed. The graph on the right shows that the measured reverse recovery times of the MII 66266-001 and 66191-313 are is in the range of 10-30ns, typical of heterojunction LEDs. Despite the decrease with proton fluence of the reverse recovery time on both the LED and the base-collector junction, no significant correlation was found on tested parts between the pre-rad value of trr and CTR degradation. MII

66191-303 MII 66191-313

MII 66223

MII 66226`-001

MII 66266-001

ISOLINK OLS249

ISOLINK OLS449

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References

• Compendium of Recent Proton and Co60 Radiation Test Data in Radiation Tolerant

Optocouplers and COTS (Data workshop RADECS 2012) – A. Costantino, S. Hernandez, V. Ferlet-Cavrois, M. Muschitiello, L. Marchand, A. Mohammadzadeh

• Optimized radiation testing methodoloty to predict optocouplers degradation for

space applications (Isros 2012) – A. Costantino, S. Hernandez, G.Quadri, O.Gilard, L.Marchand

• Escies radiation database

– (RA0589) Proton irradiation test results on Micropac Part types 66191-313

and 66226-001

– (RA0585-E) Co60 TID Test Results on Part Type 66191 (Micropac)

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Thank you for your attention!!!

?Q&A?