esa ramani huria: mapping for flood resilience, fusing remote sensing and community participation...
TRANSCRIPT
Dr Mark [email protected]
Ramani Huria: Mapping for Flood Resilience
Fusing Remote Sensing and Community Participation For Flood Resilience
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Open Data Tanzania
Sustainable DevelopmentDar es Salaam ContextRamani Huria ProjectData Requirements Available ResourcesInundation ModellingCommunity Risk Management123456A New Era for Open Science and Earth ObservationPresentation outline7
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Goal #1 to end extreme poverty
Goal #2 to boost shared prosperityWorld Bank Group
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We also call for a data revolution for sustainable development, with a new international initiative to improve the quality of statistics and information available to citizens. We should actively take advantage of new technology, crowd sourcing, and improved connectivity to empower people with information on the progress towards the targets.
The Report of the High-Level Panel of Eminent Persons on the Post-2015 Development Agenda, United NationsDevelopment Agenda 2015 - 2030
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DATATHE RISE OF OPENSTANDARDSPLATFORMSINNOVATION
Established the Global Partnership on Development DataHigh Level Panel Report
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To end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure prosperity for allSustainable Development Goals
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embrace open data and standards, innovative and creative approaches and platforms that are fit-for-purpose to collect and collate, share and distribute geospatial information
2016 UNGGIM Addis Ababa DeclarationFuture Policy FrameworksData Requirements
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SDG Goal 11: Make cities inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainableDar es Salaam: Rapid and Unplanned Growth
Half of humanity 3.5 billion people lives in cities todayBy 2030, almost 60 per cent of the worlds population will live in urban areas95 per cent of urban expansion in the next decades will take place in developing world828 million people live in slums today and the number keeps risingThe worlds cities occupy just 3 per cent of the Earths land, but account for 60-80 per cent of energy consumption and 75 per cent of carbon emissionsRapid urbanization is exerting pressure on fresh water supplies, sewage, the living environment, and public healthBut the high density of cities can bring efficiency gains and technological innovation while reducing resource and energy consumption
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Rapid Urbanization and Unplanned Growth Brings ChallengesDar es Salaam Context
85.2% population increase in 15 years.The primary cities of emerging countries are growing rapidly.Dar es Salaam is not unique
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Dar es Salaam ContextUrban Sprawl Landsat 5
Landsat 5
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Dar es Salaam ContextUrban Sprawl Landsat 8
Landsat 8Exemplifies the urban challenge, rapid unplanned growth, paralleled in lack of infrastructure to mitigate floodingData is challenging, both in terms of access, but capacity/tools to leverage/optimise usage.11
Dar es Salaam ContextUrban Sprawl Sentinel 2http://demos.sterlinggeo.com/erdas-iws/ogc/wms/da_es_salaam
Informal Settlements and Urban FloodingDar es Salaam Context
The impact of flooding in Dar es SalaamDisplaces people, damages infrastructure, prevents sustainable development13
Hazard, Exposure, Vulnerability and RiskTypical Data RequirementsHazard Analysis:Elevation ModelLand Use/ Land CoverDrainage networkRainfall Intensity Duration frequency Exposure mapping:Buildings, RoadsCritical facilitiesPopulation distribution day/nightVulnerability AssessmentDisabledLivelihoodsShelter accessEarly Warning
Hazards
Exposure
Vulnerability
Risk+++
Stress the importance of data driven development generallyInform decisions and support policy generationRecall the Addis Ababa UNGGIM declaration with data [NEXT SLIDE TO CONTINUE MESSAGE] 14
ChallengesData RequirementsInsufficient DataElevation Model 5% areas LIDAR 30cmLack of Met dataRapid Hydrodynamic changesInformal Data80% Unplanned GrowthInconsistent census and admin boundary dataSocio-Cultural FactorsInformal economy / livelihoodsRentalsLocal CapacityData ManagementData Analysis
However, this data is often scant/missingThe causes of flooding are not localized, but spread throughout a regional area.Therefore, mass data collection is needed to make sense of the scale of flooding15
Citizen Data in Dar es Salaam: Ramani HuriaRamani Huria
Started March 2015: 150 Students, 100+ Community Members
Ramani Huria Open MapProvides a platform for innovation, fusing drones, remote sensing, citizen data16
Citizen Data in Dar es Salaam: Ramani HuriaRamani HuriaGoal: 1 million residents in flood prone vulnerable communities / Currently:Target Areas: 2012 Population: 1,127,729Target Areas: 2015 Population est: 1,296,888 (~15% Growth)
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Citizen Data in Dar es Salaam: Ramani HuriaRamani Huria160,000 Building Footprints, 500km+ of waterways, rivers and drainage, 1000s of toilets, water points
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Mapping Risk Reduction Priorities: Participatory Inundation ModellingMaps as a Platform
Participatory mappingAllows the mapping of risk reduction priorities at a hyper-local levelConnects local government officers with citizens to identify19
Mapping Risk Reduction Priorities: Participatory Inundation ModellingMaps as a Platform
Generated through basic tools (pens/paper)
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Mapping Risk Reduction Priorities: Participatory Inundation ModellingMaps as a Platform
Using flood inundation software, such as Inasafe, identify at-risk infrastructure/population21
Mapping Risk Reduction Priorities: Participatory Inundation ModellingMaps as a Platform
Leads to traditional outputs, leveraged by community leaders, city planners and other government/non-governmental organizations22
OutputsRamani HuriaDrainage Analysis by WardOver 265km of drainage mapped4407/357km of drains256/124km Streams/Rivers
Traditional outputs cover the city
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Mapping Risk Reduction Priorities: Participatory Inundation ModellingMaps as a Platform
Scale the most flood prone neighbourhoods of a cityCombine with Red Cross volunteersIdentify and create action plans to improve resilience to flooding and plans for disaster management24
Digital Globe, Sentinel, UAVsAvailable Remote Sensing Resources
100km2 30cm, 2015Donated in support of Missing Maps. WorldView-3 sensors36GB Compressed Challenging to download: Remote TMS/ local geotiff
UAVs 150km2 Orthomosaic, Point Clouds, Digital Elevation Models
Partnership with Digital Globe, 2015 Imagery @30cmUsed in a combination of Tile Map Server and local geotiff for digitizationInvaluable for areas where UAV use is prohibited/unwise for example airports25
Low Cost Mapping DronesAvailable Remote Sensing Resources
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Elevation Model and Point CloudUAVs Data
8cm Point Cloud and Digital Surface ModelDerived from UAVsDensity of urban environment challenging when creating an accurate inundation model
Transition to drainage follows on click8cm Digital Surface Model and Point CloudChallenges in processing areas from UAVs in dense unplanned areas, such as Tandale27
Fusion of Data Stream OutputsRamani Huria745,989 Building Footprints88km of Imagery and Surface Models2091km of Roads
Building FootprintsDigital Surface Model / 3D BuildingsFlood RiskIdentified At Risk Buildings28
Low Cost Mapping DronesAvailable Remote Sensing Resources
Flood risk and inundation scenarios29
Open Data Tanzania
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Joy Ito: https://www.flickr.com/photos/joi/2668846870/
Pivot to Zanzibar and scaling of Ramani Huria. Ramani Huria methodology is applicable to other countries
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Zanzibar Mapping InitiativeBuilding a Geospatial Platform
Creating a map of Zanzibar Islands at very high resolution, released as open data Introduction of a cost effective technology for land monitoringBuilding different projects around the data (Conservation, Land tenure, Urban Planning, etc)Local Capacity BuildingIncreasing the efficiency in data colection from the Commission of LandsCreating opportunities for new local businesses to develop around the technologyZanzibar Mapping InitiativeBuilding a Geospatial Platform
9 drones are deployed in 3 different teams of local operators2 power full computer for processing data at a high speed3 field computers for flight planning and controlNAS for storing over 10TB of Data2400sq/km to map239 zones unguja and 182 in Pemba3 teams of 4-5 composed of local surveyors with support of students of State University of ZanzibarMission kick-off August 15th 2016 for 2 months
Equipment, Team and MissionBuilding a Geospatial Platform: Zanzibar Mapping Initiative
ScopeBuilding a Geospatial Platform: Zanzibar Mapping Initiative
Each grid covers an area of 3km x 3 km (9km). In optimal conditions (no wind), one zone can be covered in 6 flights (at a GSD= 7 cm).In order to facilitate data management, each grid has been assigned a unique Zone ID.There are currently 239 zones in Unguja and 182 Zones in Pemba. In the future, it will be possible to add more zones. Important is to keep the Zone_ID as a unique identifier.This has been done in order to manage size of data per square and being able to work with it.ScopeBuilding a Geospatial Platform: Zanzibar Mapping Initiative
ZanzibarBuilding a Geospatial Platform
50cm Aerial Imagery derived (unknown origin, assumed ~2005)Very high resolution drone imagery, digital elevation models;Sentinel 2The fusing of these streams has applications in urban planning, landuse detection, vegetation etc38
Urban PlanningBuilding a Geospatial Platform
3D ModelsBuilding a Geospatial Platform
Building Volume CalculationBuilding a Geospatial Platform
Land TenureBuilding a Geospatial Platform
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Machine LearningBuilding a Geospatial PlatformPartnership with IBM Research Kenya
Convoluted Neural Networks, Automatic Building Detection43
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Discrepancy between distributions hypothesized to be due to large repairs on metal rooftops, which the algorithm detects as individual buildings. Machine LearningBuilding a Geospatial Platform
Capacity Building and Knowledge TransferBuilding a Geospatial Platform
Streetview MappingBuilding a Geospatial Platform
Streetview MappingBuilding a Geospatial Platform
THANK YOUGRAZIE MILLEASANTENI SANAMark IliffeGeospatial Innovation [email protected]
SDG Goal 11: Make cities inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainableDar es Salaam: Rapid and Unplanned GrowthBy 2030, ensure access for all to adequate, safe and affordable housing and basic services and upgrade slumsBy 2030, provide access to safe, affordable, accessible and sustainable transport systems for all, improving road safety, notably by expanding public transport, with special attention to the needs of those in vulnerable situations, women, children, persons with disabilities and older personsBy 2030, enhance inclusive and sustainable urbanization and capacity for participatory, integrated and sustainable human settlement planning and management in all countriesStrengthen efforts to protect and safeguard the worlds cultural and natural heritageBy 2030, significantly reduce the number of deaths and the number of people affected and substantially decrease the direct economic losses relative to global gross domestic product caused by disasters, including water-related disasters, with a focus on protecting the poor and people in vulnerable situationsBy 2030, reduce the adverse per capita environmental impact of cities, including by paying special attention to air quality and municipal and other waste managementBy 2030, provide universal access to safe, inclusive and accessible, green and public spaces, in particular for women and children, older persons and persons with disabilitiesSupport positive economic, social and environmental links between urban, peri-urban and rural areas by strengthening national and regional development planningBy 2020, substantially increase the number of cities and human settlements adopting and implementing integrated policies and plans towards inclusion, resource efficiency, mitigation and adaptation to climate change, resilience to disasters, and develop and implement, in line with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030, holistic disaster risk management at all levelsSupport least developed countries, including through financial and technical assistance, in building sustainable and resilient buildings utilizing local materials
Half of humanity 3.5 billion people lives in cities todayBy 2030, almost 60 per cent of the worlds population will live in urban areas95 per cent of urban expansion in the next decades will take place in developing world828 million people live in slums today and the number keeps risingThe worlds cities occupy just 3 per cent of the Earths land, but account for 60-80 per cent of energy consumption and 75 per cent of carbon emissionsRapid urbanization is exerting pressure on fresh water supplies, sewage, the living environment, and public healthBut the high density of cities can bring efficiency gains and technological innovation while reducing resource and energy consumption
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Low Cost Mapping DronesUAVs
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BingAvailable Resources
Global CoverageCombination of sensor sourcesFreely available to derived data into OpenStreetMap ODBl (Open DataBase license)Upto ~60cm in urban areas, challenge of cloud cover
Used in a combination of Tile Map Server and difficulties of needing constant connectivity Invaluable for areas where no other dataset exists, used for mapping new cities and towns.Little to no associated metadata, such as month collected
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Remote Sensed ImageryAvailable ResourcesTanzanian National Bureau of Statistics:1,300km2 of 30cm Aerial ImageryCollected in 2013Little to no associated metadata
Little to no associated metadata, such as month collected
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Mapping Parties: Ramani HuriaRamani Huria
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Local Mapping PartiesRamani HuriaLocal Mapping EventsInnovation Hubs of Dar es SalaamAll of TanzaniaOver 100 Community Members6 Mapping Parties, most recent 29th of September
Regular Mapping PartiesParticipants map their home townSpreads mapping across Tanzania;54
Missing MapsGlobal Community
Global community digitizing aerial imagery, either satellite imagery or UAV imagery; Tanzania has been featured in New York, Munich and other Missing Maps Mapathons;Uses HOT tasking manager to break up segments, global events. Groundtruthed by Ramani Huria community mapping55
Missing Maps: Keko & Buguruni WardsGlobal Community EngagementBefore(August 2015)
After(October 2015)
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Mapping Risk Reduction PrioritiesCommunity Risk Management
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worldbank.org/ICT
Early Warning & Early ActionCommunity Risk Management
ALLOWS SERVICE PROVIDERS TO TAKE ACTION!58
Aerial Imagery, UAV ComparisonUAVs
UAV Image Appears on click. UAV image can drill further down, though due to movement of vehicles the orthorectification could be improved.Aerial Imagery is 30cm / UAV is 4cm59