esa space telescopes
DESCRIPTION
Presentation by Dominic Doyal at #SpaceOptics, 8 Oct, 2014, on ESA's space telescopes, especially Herschel.TRANSCRIPT
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ICSO 2014 D.Doyle ESA-ESTEC
SPACE TELESCOPES
(DREAMS AND DETAILS)
Dominic Doyle Optical Engineer
ESTEC
The Netherlands
@opto_domo
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My favourite telescope selfie!
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ICSO 2014 D.Doyle ESA-ESTEC
WHY?
HOW?
WHAT?
Space Telescopes
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ICSO 2014 D.Doyle ESA-ESTEC
Space Telescopes – Why ? (1)
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ICSO 2014 D.Doyle ESA-ESTEC
Space Telescopes – Why ? (2)
Astronomy: Optics adapt to the whole sky Brent Ellerbroek and François Rigaut Nature 403, 25-26(6 January 2000) doi:10.1038/47369
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ICSO 2014 D.Doyle ESA-ESTEC
Space Telescopes – nice idea, but NEVER forget the details
http://hubblesite.org/the_telescope/nuts_.and._bolts/optics/ 5
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ICSO 2014 D.Doyle ESA-ESTEC
A DREAM + LOTS OF DETAILS = REALITY
Space Telescopes – How ?
Reality 2009 - 2013 3.5 m monolithic (Still largest optical space telescope to date)
The dream 1984 8 m Deployable mirror & sunshield
Herschel Space Telescope as example 6
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ICSO 2014 D.Doyle ESA-ESTEC
Space Telescopes – How ?
Get approval! Design Build Test Launch Operate Dispose
This can take up to 30 years from first idea to completion of the mission ! Lots of patience, expertise* and determination are needed ! Let’s have a look some details to understand why ! * Technological, Scientific, Engineering, Financial, management, Administration and Political!
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ICSO 2014 D.Doyle ESA-ESTEC
Space Telescopes – How ?
Design Build Test Launch Operate Dispose
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ICSO 2014 D.Doyle ESA-ESTEC
Space Telescopes – How ?
Design Build Test Launch Operate Dispose From SiC powder
to a cryogenic 3.5 m diameter Telescope !
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ICSO 2014 D.Doyle ESA-ESTEC
Space Telescopes – How ?
Design Build Test Launch Operate Dispose
?
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ICSO 2014 D.Doyle ESA-ESTEC
Space Telescopes – How ?
Design Build Test Launch Operate Dispose
?
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ICSO 2014 D.Doyle ESA-ESTEC
Space Telescopes – How ?
Design Build Test Launch Operate Dispose
Theodo lite
WF S
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ICSO 2014 D.Doyle ESA-ESTEC
Space Telescopes – How ?
Design Build Test Launch Operate Dispose
Theodo lite
WF S
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ICSO 2014 D.Doyle ESA-ESTEC
Space Telescopes – How ?
Design Build Test Launch Operate Dispose
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ICSO 2014 D.Doyle ESA-ESTEC
Space Telescopes – How ?
Design Build Test Launch Operate Dispose
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ICSO 2014 D.Doyle ESA-ESTEC
Space Telescopes – How ?
Design Build Test Launch Operate Dispose
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ICSO 2014 D.Doyle ESA-ESTEC
Space Telescopes – How ?
Design Build Test Launch Operate Dispose
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ICSO 2014 D.Doyle ESA-ESTEC
Space Telescopes – How ?
Design Build Test Launch Operate Dispose
15:12 CEST 14 May 2009
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ICSO 2014 D.Doyle ESA-ESTEC
Space Telescopes – Where/Why ?
Design Build Test Launch Operate Dispose
Herschel (&Planck) Trajectory to L2 (L2 = Lagrange point #2) 1.5 million km anti-sunward NO repair capability !
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Space Telescopes – What is L2 ?
Design Build Test Launch Operate Dispose
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Sun
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ICSO 2014 D.Doyle ESA-ESTEC
Space Telescopes – In focus ?
Design Build Test Launch Operate Dispose
Telescope WFE Predicted PSF* Observed PSF
Huge relief for entire team – telescope is in focus * PSF = Point Spread Function 21
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ICSO 2014 D.Doyle ESA-ESTEC
Space Telescopes – What ?
Design Build Test Launch Operate Dispose
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ICSO 2014 D.Doyle ESA-ESTEC
Space Telescopes – What ?
Design Build Test Launch Operate Dispose
5.4”
8.0”
12.2”
17”
24”
35”
Hubble Res. 0.05” (@500nm)
Field size 15’ Herschel FOV PACS 1.75 x 3.5’ SPIRE 4 x 8’ HIFI 11’’ to 44’’
Herschel Beam sizes on sky
PACS
SPIRE
HIFI
Hubble
PACS 60 - 210 µm Photo-detector Array Camera and Spectrometer
SPIRE 200 - 670 µm Spectral and Photometric Imaging Receiver
HIFI 157 – 625 µm Heterodyne Instrument for Far Infrared
Hubble (115nm - 1µm)
5.4”
8.0”
12.2”
17”
24”
35”
Herschel Beam sizes on sky
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1 Deg = 60 arc mins (’) 1 Arc min = 60 arc sec (”) e.g. Moon = 30’
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ICSO 2014 D.Doyle ESA-ESTEC
Space Telescopes – What ?
Design Build Test Launch Operate Dispose http://herschel.esac.esa.int/TheUniverseExploredByHer
schel/HerschelTheMovie4noMusic.mp4 24
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ICSO 2014 D.Doyle ESA-ESTEC
Space Telescopes – What ?
Design Build Test Launch Operate Dispose “Herschel planetary nebula survey (HerPlaNS). First detection of
OH+ in planetary nebulae,” by I. Aleman et al., and “Herschel spectral-mapping of the Helix Nebula (NGC 7293): extended CO photodissociation and OH+ emission,” by M. Etxaluze et al., are published in Volume 566, June 2014 Astronomy & Astrophysics. 25
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ICSO 2014 D.Doyle ESA-ESTEC
Space Telescopes – What ?
Design Build Test Launch Operate Dispose
Kappa Coronae Borealis and its dust disc. 1.5 MSun @ 100 ly "Spatially Resolved Images of Dust Belt(s) Around the Planet-hosting Subgiant κ CrB", by A. Bonsor et al. Monthly Notices of the Royal
Astronomical Society, April 2013. http://sci.esa.int/jump.cfm?oid=51648
(distance 25 LY, 7.7 pc, 2x10^14 km) Thermal dust emission from destruction of 2000 comets per day.
Acke, B., et al., "Herschel Images of Fomalhaut – An extrasolar Kuiper Belt at the height of its dynamical activity", 2012, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 540, A125. DOI:10.1051/0004-6361/201118581
http://sci.esa.int/jump.cfm?oid=50252 26
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ICSO 2014 D.Doyle ESA-ESTEC
Space Telescopes – How ?
Design Build Test Launch Operate Dispose
Herschel last command 17 June 2013 “Mission controllers sent the final command to the Herschel satellite today at 12:25 GMT (14:25 CEST), marking the end of operations for ESA’s hugely successful space observatory.
Total 23,500 hours of observing over 1447 days Very large no. of results published at a high rate
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Herschel was sent into a Heliocentric graveyard orbit. ~ 300Y to get back into vicinity of Earth. It’s now space debris!”
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ICSO 2014 D.Doyle ESA-ESTEC
Space Telescopes – What’s next ?
GAIA … (Astrometry) launched 2013 JWST … (Hubble successor, Astrophysics) 2018 Euclid … (Dark energy) 2020 PLATO … (Exoplanets & stellar, 32 telescopes!) 2024 ATHENA … (X-Ray astrophysics) 2028 CHEOPS … (Exoplanet characterisation) 2017 20m deployable … ? 2035+
http://sci.esa.int/home/51459-missions/ 28
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ICSO 2014 D.Doyle ESA-ESTEC
Space Telescopes – What’s next ?
GAIA
JWST
20m deployable … ?
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ICSO 2014 D.Doyle ESA-ESTEC
Space Telescopes – What’s next ?
GAIA
JWST
20m deployable … ?
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“Telescope Origami challenge”
James Webb Space Telescope
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ICSO 2014 D.Doyle ESA-ESTEC
TALC – Thin Aperture Light Collector
Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference "Advanced Lightweight Structures and Reflector Antennas", 1 – 3 October 2014, Sheraton Metechi Palace Hotel, Tbilisi, Georgia 31
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Space Telescopes – Not easy & Always a huge team effort over many years!
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ICSO 2014 D.Doyle ESA-ESTEC
Space Telescopes – Herschel famous at last … spot the “deliberate” mistake?
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ICSO 2014 D.Doyle ESA-ESTEC
WHY … TO SEE BETTER, FASTER, FURTHER ETC! HOW … PATIENCE, EXCELLENCE, TEAM WORK AND GREAT ATTENTION TO DETAIL WHAT …MANY NEW DISCOVERIES, BETTER UNDERSTANDING AND MORE QUESTIONS FOR THE NEXT MISSION!
THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION, FOR YOUR COMMITMENT TO BE HERE AND ENJOY THE REST OF THE EVENT BUT WAIT, THE ANSWER IS …
Space Telescopes - Recap
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AND THE ANSWER IS … 42 (OF COURSE)
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AND THE ANSWER IS … 42 (OF COURSE)
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BACKUP SLIDES
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THE HERSCHEL SPACECRAFT
Instruments inside the Cryostat
( - 253°C to -271°C) & Detectors cooled at 0.3°C
above the absolute zero ! (0.3K)
Sunshield and solar array
3.5 m Telescope
He II Cryostat
Service Module (20 °C)
7.2 m
4 m
Launch Mass ~ 3400 kg - Electrical Power ~ 1300 W 3 axis stabilisation
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THE HERSCHEL PAYLOAD MODULE AND ITS INSTRUMENTS
Herschel Scientific Instruments
• Three scientific instruments (HIFI, PACS, SPIRE)
• Each provided by Principal Investigators on
behalf of international consortia
• Focal Plane Units on top of the He tank
• State of the art detector technology
• Designed to cover observations in the infrared
(60 µm) to submillimetre (700 µm)
• Daily data production above 10 Gbit retrieved
within 3 hours daily link
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The Herschel Instruments
SPIRE
HIFI
PACS
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