ESD.33 -- Systems Engineering

Session #2INCOSE Model of SE

RCI Model of SE

Dan FreyDon Clausing

Plan For the Session

• Follow-up from session #1• INCOSE SE handbook• RCI model of SE• Review assignment #2

Engineering Systems &Systems Engineering

ESD mission: To establish Engineering Systems as a field of study focusing on complex engineered systems and products viewed in a broad human, social and industrial context. Use the new knowledge gained to improve engineering education and practice.

Engineering SystemsSystems Engineering

Technology policy

History of technology

Discussion Point• Did the design of the CFM56 jet engine entail a

systems engineering function?• Did the design of Whittle’s jet engine entail a

systems engineering function?

Scott ThomsonHamilton Sundstrand, Section Lead - Electric Systems

• I wanted to comment on the CFM56 vs Whittle engine. • The CFM56 engine is …an example of the system

engineering aspects of organizations and their architecture/structure and how they relate to the partitioning of the engine itself. The engine being built by CFMI, which is a consortium of GE, SNECMA and Hispano-Suiza. No single player builds the entire engine … Whittle had his fairly small shop with a collection of machinists and his lab - all probably within his domain and span of control.

• One of the other greatly complicating factors of the CFM56 vs. Whittle engine are all of the secondary power extractions that are powered from today's engines, which have an enormous impact on the engine's performance

• SyE makes this possible today; whereas Whittle was focused on a revolutionary powerplant for propulsion.

Evolution of Gas Turbine Engine Performance

1.05Ghost

JT3C

Cruise thrust specific fuelconsumption

JT8D-17

P&W

RR

GE

deHavilland

JT8D-209 JT8D-15

JT8D-17AJT8D-219

TAY

CFM56-3RB211-535C

RB211-524D4 UPJT9D-7R4H1 CFM56-5B

4460V2500

RB211-524D4DCFM56-5C2

4083416843804156

4056CF6-80C22037

RB211-535E4CF6-80A/A1 CFM56-5A1JT9D-7R4D (B)

RB211-524D4CF6-50E2/C2

CFM56-2C1RB211-524C2

JT9D-7AJT9D-59A

JT8D-217AJT9D-7JT9D-3

JT8D-9

JT9D-3A

CF6-50E/CCF6-6D

JT3DCJ805

1.00

0.95

0.90

0.85

0.80

0.75

0.70

0.65

0.60

0.55

0.50

0.45

0.40

1945

1950

1955

1960

1965

1970

Certification date

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

( (lb fuel/hrlb thrust

Adapted from Koff, B. L. "Spanning the World Through Jet Propulsion.” AIAA Littlewood Lecture. 1991.

Performance Drives ComplexityP Brayton Cycle

2

14

3

Consequently, complex secondary flows required

V

)1/(

2

1

2

1 11−

⎟⎟⎠

⎞⎜⎜⎝

⎛−=−=

γγ

ηpp

TT

Need higher and higher turbine inlet temperatures for efficiency

rate of learning = about 5,000 chunks / yr

6connections within a brain10

connections between two brains≈

expert knowledge 50,000 chunks≈

chunks 27memory working ±=

Cognitive Parameters

Adapted from Simon, Herbert, 1969, Sciences of the Artificial, MIT Press.

FAN system(7 components)

LPC system(7 components)

HPC system(7 components)

ModularSystems

IntegrativeSystems

Design Interface Matrix

B/D system(5 components)

HPT system(5 components) LPT system(6 components)Mech. components(7 components)

Externals and Controls(10 components)

Secondary flow systems and controls cause a risk of rework

Adapted from Sosa, Manuel E., S. D. Eppinger, and C. M. Rowles, 2000, “DesigningModular and Integrative Systems”, Proceedings of the DETC, ASME.

Plan For the Session

• Follow-up from session #1• INCOSE SE handbook• RCI model of SE• Review assignment #2

Questions to Probe Chapter 2

According to INCOSE:• When did SE emerge as a separate

branch of engineering?• What are some of the key functions of SE?• Who should carry out the SE function?• What fraction of the program budget

should be spent on SE?• Do SE methods apply to “smaller”

systems?INCOSE

International Council on Systems Engineering

Ch 4 Questions• Who participates in each

process?• What emerges from each

process?

Technical Management

PlanningProcess

Assessment Process

Acquisition& Supply

Plans,Directives & Status

Outcomes &Feedback

SystemProducts

Acquisition Process

Acquisition Request

Requirements

Designs

Products

RequirementsDefinition ProcessSolution Definition Process

Implementation ProcessTransition touse Process

SystemsAnalysisProcess

SystemsVerification Process

End Products Validation Process

Requirements Validation Process

SystemDesign

ProductRealization

Technical Evaluation

Systems Engineering Process Overview

SupplyProcess

ControlProcess

Systems Engineering Process According to INCOSE, the basic Systems

Engineering process tasks are:1) Define the System Objectives2) Establish the Functionality3) Establish the Performance Requirements4) Evolve Design and Operation Concepts5) Select a Baseline6) Verify that the Baseline Meets Requirements7) Validate that the Baseline Satisfies the User8) Iterate the Process through Lower Levels

INCOSEInternational Council on Systems Engineering

Customer Desired System

System

Design Feedback

Design Feedback

Layer 2SolutionBlocks

Layer 3SolutionBlocks

Layer 4SolutionBlocks

System Design Hierarchy

Specified Requirements

Specified Requirements

Specified Requirements

Specified Requirements

Design Feedback

Design Feedback

AssignedRequirements

AssignedRequirements

AssignedRequirements

AssignedRequirements

Other Stakeholder Requirements

Other Stakeholder Requirements

Other Stakeholder Requirements

Other Stakeholder Requirements

Discussion PointUnder what conditions should “commercial” enterprises be plotted in the upper left quadrant?

Influ

ence

of E

xter

nal R

igid

ities

, Es

peci

ally

Gov

ernm

ents

1

0

INCOSE LEGACY

COMMERCIAL

Number of Strong Global Competitors0 N

Asking Better Questions

Questions• What is the best way

to store and access our inventories?

• How can we accurately predict our field reliability?

• Another example?

Better Questions• ?

• ?

Plan For the Session

• Follow-up from session #1• INCOSE SE handbook• RCI model of SE• Review assignment #2

Plan For the Session

• Follow-up from session #1• INCOSE SE handbook• RCI model of SE• Review assignment #2

Assignment #2Frameworks

• Due: Thursday 6/17 at 8:30AM • Self select teams of 2-4 (preferably at the

same company or in the same industry)1. Select a company and write about the

tools/processes related to RCI at the company2. Do a value stream map of any value creating

process of your choice3. Develop an example of a set-based approach

System Engineering Implemented in FPDSCustomer

Musts / WantsCustomer

SatisfactionCustomer Focus

Customer Experience & Feedback

CorporateKnowledge

> Generic VDS & SDS

> Competitive Benchmark Data

> Reusability Constraints & Data> Product Knowledge

> Manufacturing Knowledge & Reusability

> Technology

> Warranty Data

> Models

Vehicle Level Inputs Purchase / owner / operator Regulatory (FMVSS, EPA, ...) Corporate (WCR, ABS, Manuf, ...)

Vehicle Level Requirements Vehicle Attributes Vehicle System Specification - VDS

System / Subsystem Level System & Subsystem Design Specifications - SDS

Part / Component Design Component Design Specification - CDS

Part / Component Fabrication / Verification

Purchase, Operate& Maintain

Disposal

VehicleVerification

Production

SystemVerification

RequirementsCascades

FeasibilityFeedback

RequirementsCascade

FeasibilityFeedback

FeasibilityFeedback

RequirementsCascade

CustomerRequirements

DVM / DVP

DVM / DVP

Highly lterative Mostly serial

SI SC PA PR J1KO

Adapted from Ford Motor Company.

Next Steps

• Do the reading assignments for session #3– Womak_Lean Thinking Introduction.pdf– Stanke_Murman_Lifecycle Value in Aerospace.pdf– Ward_The Second Toyota Paradox.pdf

• If you want, begin Assignment #2• Come to session #3

– 8:30AM Tuesday 15 June