eshabda 2.0, feb 2010
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Oriyas Unite: Fight the Abject Poverty, Dr Nachiketa Das - Not Each Other
Truth
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To all those warring Odias I say, however smart you lot may think you are, youare no more than a laughing stock.
Excerpts from the piece, Odia s Unite Excerpts from that small piece I wrote andcirculated in 2007 are produced below: I feel hurt to see members trading insultsat such a public forum. These mean venomous attacks, in print, will stay in record forever, and could prove very damagi ng in futureI would like to appeal to you, ladiesand gentlemen, to support each other, and to help one another. If there has to be acriticism, let it be a constructive one, and not destructive. Let us develop a culture ofnot making snide and spiteful remarks. Let us not indulge in self-destruction. In thelast five hundred years we Odias have destroyed ourselves by infightings, betrayalsand a lack of unity. A quick reference to the pages of Odishan history will not be outof place.
After the death of Prataprudra Dev in 1533 AD, Odisha experienced numerousrevolts and acts of treachery. Prataprudras own minister, Govinda Vidyadhara killed
Prataprudras two sons and became the king in 1534 AD. Govinda Vidyadhara wassucceeded by Chakra Pratap who was killed by his own son Narasimha Jena in 1557AD, inside the premises of the Jagannath temple. Within a year, King NarasimhaJena was killed by Mukunda Dev, who was a respected general of the Odishan armyand the Governor of Cuttack. Mukunda Dev became king in 1559 and ruled for 9years till 1568 AD, and is generally considered to be the last independent king ofOdisha. He died fighting a fellow Odia king, Ramachandra Bhanja, when they bothshould have been united to defend Odisha from the impending onslaughts by theMoghul and Afghan armies. Mukunda Dev moreover, was betrayed by his own Odia
generals. Demise of this last independent king of Odisha led to the utterdisintegration of the Odia nation, substantial parts of which are still outside thepresent day political boundaries of the state of Odisha. Following the death ofMukunda Dev, Odisha came under the occupation of the Moghuls and the Afghans.Subsequently the Marathas ruled until the British occupation of Odisha in 1803 ADThe age o ld proverbs, United we stand, divided we fall, and Union is strength arecorrect, more so for us Odias.
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At the behest of some of my friends, who liked the piece and wished a greatercirculation of my appeal for peace and unity among Odias, I sent the write-up to anOdia newspaper The Dharitri in the form of a letter to the editor. The venerableDharitri saw it fit, I suppose again for the sake of unity among Odias, to publish thepiece. Of course, the appeal fell on deaf ears, which was expected. As a writer andcommentator I did my duty then, and I will continue to appeal to the collective Odiaconscience to achieve unity in order for fighting the abject poverty that haunts thestate even after sixty years of independence. Moreover, this is at a time now, whencertain states, foremost being Gujarat, are powering ahead in terms of growth,development and attainment of quality of life, and we Odias, despite our vastresources, languish at the bottom of the pile. Unity, a fundamental factor in themiraculous Japanese achievements Now in 2008, as I inhabit, and admire thebeauty and charm of this advanced developed country of Japan, I wonder why inOdisha we have to be so divided; divided along caste, wealth, education, regionality,political affiliations and ideologies. Japan does not have a strike, and any step in thedirection of a communal good is accepted by all and sundry, and implemented
wholeheartedly by one and all. No wonder Japan became a fully developed countrywithin twenty years from the total annihilation of the Second World War that ended in1945. In 1964, Japan hosted the Olympic Games in Tokyo in a spectaculardemonstration of her fully developed status to the world. As a part of the Olympics,Japan among many other novelties, introduced the Shinkansen, commonly andaffectionately known as the Bullet Train, the slowest categories of which travel at aspeed of 210 km per hour. The trains do not run late, not even by one minute at anystation anywhere in the country, and have been free from any accidents so far in their44 year old history with only one exception. In the city of Niigata in October 2004, a
Bullet Train travelling at 210 km per hour derailed due to an earthquake of largemagnitude of 6.9 in the Richter scale, but not even a single passenger out of 151aboard was even hurt. Japan has achieved an endless number of seeminglymiraculous feats through an approach of consensus and total unity.
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Recent escalations in violent infightings in Odisha.
For the last few months a certain coastal locality of the Mahanadi delta ofOdisha is noticing some horrific infighting. The proposed establishment of a certainlarge scale industry has polarised the inhabitants to such an extent that they haveresorted to fighting pitched battles. The other day they did not hesitate to attack eachother with bombs. A few from either side were critically hurt, one died after a fewweeks, and some more might succumb to their injuries. Intensity of their hatred givesme the feeling that if these penniless factions had the money, they would buy fighter-planes and battle-tanks to settle the score!
This is infighting Odisha at a village level at its best. By the way, this is not anisolated incidence of violent infighting, it is happening in western Odisha, in centralOdisha, virtually across the length and breadth of the state of Odisha, where ever anew large industry is planned. Inhabitants of these areas are getting divided, at timesspontaneously, otherwise at the unwise counsel of self-serving politicians, into twogroups, and resorting to violence to make their statements. I wonder where lay hid
this Odia streak of belligerence, when the misguided Odia Brahmin convert to Islam,Kalapahada, in a systematic campaign of revenge in 1568 AD, attacked the vastmajority of the temples of Odisha, decimating quite a few; or when Marathahorsemen also known as Burgis ran riot and ravished the entire land in the eighteenthcentury; or when British invaded to take possession of Odisha in 1803 AD!! I wonderwhat makes Odias so brave in fighting each other, and so utterly cowardly whenfacing the enemy from outside!! What a shame! Rich history of infighting andtreachery Although Mukunda Devs ascent to the throne was paved with horrendousacts of treachery, people of Odisha as well as historians, hold him in respectful
affection, quite rightly so, for a number of reasons. He was a military genius whomMoghul Emperor Akbar valued, so much so that he maintained a limited strategicalliance. Mukunda Dev provided a sense of security to the people of Odisha that hadvanished since the death of Prataprudra Dev in 1533 AD. Much to their delight,Mukunda Dev in 1560 AD constructed a massive nine storied palace within theprecincts of Barabati Fort of Cuttack, where he had been stationed earlier in hiscapacities as the Commander of Barabati Fort, and the Governor of Cuttack, beforebecoming the king.
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After British occupied Odisha, Harcourt conveniently forgot to pay the promisedamount to the king, and after repeated requests paid a portion but not the entireamount.
Subsequently Harcourts deputy Captain Hickland attacked the forces of theking of Khurda on 22 November 1804. Harcourt himself led the attacks on the nearbyBanpur Fort and captured the kings son and brothers. Subsequently Khurda as wellas Banpur Fort were reduced to rubble by the British and the king of Khurda wascaptured on the 3 rd of January 1805 and taken a prisoner to Barabati Fort at Cuttack. Isuppose the traitor got his just reward! Let me take my readers back to the invasionfrom south by Harcourt to paint the backdrop for attack on Cuttack. After the fall ofPuri on the 18 th of September 1803, Harcourt marched on Cuttack on the 24 th ofSeptember and after encountering some very weak resistance from the wearyMaratha troops on the way, reached Cuttack on the 8 th of October 1803. Harcourtentered the city of Cuttack through Lalbagh Fort in the south, and proceeded to layseize on the formidable Barabati Fort where the vast majority of Maratha troops were
stationed. Now my readers, I can visualise you sitting upright and tense in youreagerness to learn of the imminent fierce battle. I am afraid, much to thedisappointment of movie and TV producers who would love to show a heroic war, nosuch encounter eventuated. Cunning Harcourt repeated his trick and offered a bribeof one hundred thousand rupees to a highly placed Maratha officer by the name ShivPrasad, who fell for the promised sum. I have always wondered the magic of a lakh ofrupees on Odia psyche! In stead of engaging you in an analysis of the psyche let meproceed with the narration of Harcourts march. On the 13 th of October a portion ofthe southern wall of the fort was blown open by artillery fire, and on the 14 th of
October 1803 Harcourt captured the pride of Odisha Barabati Fort with minimalresistance. Maratha troops fled with great alacrity towards western Odisha with theBritish in hot pursuit. Now I draw your attention to the conduct of the citizenry ofCuttack that consisted of Odia and Maratha Hindus, and Muslims, who were in thehabit of continual infighting. For once, in view of this British invasion, people ofCuttack forgot their differences and united, however, not to fight and resist theinvasion but to flee en masse. They turned to their heels and crossed the many riversand fled as far as Tangi, which lies some 15 km to the north, and no further.
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There the great urban population of Cuttack hid in the shrubs and bushes butdid not venture any further to the north or to the west that harboured thick forests, forthe fear of the big cats. In a few days they limped back to their hearths and homes,initially in a trickle that swelled to a torrent only to see British forces in completecontrol of their city. The capture of Barabati Fort struck such terrors in the hearts ofthe citizenry of Cuttack that they never uttered a single word of protest against theBritish for nearly a century, until the advent of Mr Madhusudan Das in 1881. The nextone and a half centuries of British misrule utterly destroyed Odisha.
This is the story of my brave countrymen, and I ask you to tell me where laythat Odia belligerence when it was needed most!! I remember British Carry On filmseries of 30 or so extremely hilarious movies such as Carry On Doctor, Carry OnNurse and Carry On Cleo that were made between 1958 and 1978. If an Odia filmdirector ever wishes to extend Carry On series by producing another, all the materialsare right here in this article for producing one entitled, Carry On Traitors. Demolitionof Barabati Fort Ananga Bhima Dev III of Ganga Dynasty built Barabati Fortbetween 1211 and 1238 AD, and as stated earlier Mukunda Dev constructed a ninestoried palace within its precincts in 1560 AD. During the mid-nineteenth century, this
majestic fort that had stood tall as the pride of Odisha since the early thirteenthcentury experienced a deliberate and systematic disintegration at the behest ofBritish administration of Odisha, in a devilishly cunning design to destroy Odianationalism. I have made a strong statement, and I stand by it; justification of mystance follows.
After the capture of Barabati Fort in 1803, British used it as a prison for a goodfew years for incarcerating state-prisoners. Once British established a total controlover Odisha, there were no state-prisoners and Barabati Fort was purposefully
abandoned without any maintenance whatsoever. Then in an attempt to acceleratethe disintegration of the fort, British started using the stonework of the fort as a quarryfor supplying building stones for road works, embankments and other civilconstructions. And please bear in mind that Cuttack is surrounded by an abundanceof quarries that could supply as much building stones as necessary for building a newRome or an Athens. A conscientious middle ranking British officer Mr Shore, perhapsunaware of the covert British policy of destroying Odia nationalism, while functioningas the Magistrate of Cuttack, disapproved of the destruction of the fort.
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His father Choudhury Raghunath Das was a Persian speaking lawyer atCuttack. After early education in the village primary school, Madhusudan enrolled atCuttack High School, which was the premier educational establishment of the city,and was subsequently named Ravenshaw Collegiate School. He was a bright andconscientious student who noticed first-hand the systematic destruction of BarabatiFort. After completion of his schooling Madhusudan Das left for Calcutta for highereducation in 1866, just as the ho rrendous Naanka famine caused by an utter mismanagement by the British administration of Odisha, visited the land. My friendsfrom the British Isles and my anglophile friends from all over the world may think thatI am being unreasonably harsh in my criticism of British colonial administration ofOdisha, but I categorically state that I have not made any exaggerated claims. Thefamine killed a million people out of the total population of nearly 3.7 million of thethree Odia districts. While this famine raged, British administration continued toexport rice procured from Odisha to overseas destinations. Subsequently, in 1867when Sir Stafford Northcote became the Secretary of State for India, he admittedBritish mismanagement in the House of Commons, which I have cited to justify myclaims, as follows: This catastrophe must always remain a monument of our (British)
failure, a humiliation to the people of this country (Britain), to the government of thiscountry (Britain)
I would also like to record that many commentators and historians have blamedthe British for an equally catastrophic famine in Ireland between 1845 and 1852 thatkilled a million out of a total population of eight million, and made another million fleeto America. The hordes of indigent Irish migrants in America, by dint of their sincerelabours, over a period of time gained affluence and recognition. My fellow Odias onthe other hand stayed put in Odisha and continued their favourite past-time of
fratricidal squabbles! Now let me resume my narration of Madhu Babus life, asfollows. Although Calcutta is barely 400 km away from Cuttack, this distance in themid-nineteenth century, in the absence of any direct rail or road links, was quiteformidable. Young Madhusudan braved the journey, and spent a good fifteen years inthe capital of the British Raj, Calcutta, where he completed a Bachelor of Arts degree,a Master of Arts degree and a Bachelor of Law degree from Calcutta University, inthe process becoming the first Odia ever to be so qualified.
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During his stay in Calcutta he noted the unification of Germany, and theunification of Italy that came about in the year 1871, in the immediate aftermath of theFranco-Prussian War. As the very first graduate and the post-graduate of an Odishathat did not have a separate existence, young Madhusudan nursed a divine calling tolead his nation establish her identity.
In the twenty-first century parlance he would be termed a Non Resident Odia(NRO). Madhusudan married at the age of 25 in 1873, and his wife died five yearslater in 1879 when he was 31. He had no children, yet instead of going for a secondmarriage, which was a well-accepted norm then, I suppose more so now, andcontinuing with his practice of law and leading an affluent life as an advocate inCalcutta, Madhusudan resolved to dedicate his life to the cause of Odisha and to theservice of Odia people. This widower remained single till the end of his long andeventful life of 86 years, without ever marrying again. He returned to Odisha in 1881at the age of 33 and practised law at Cuttack bar, as the very first Odia barrister.Utkal Union Conference and unification of Odisha In 1871, an association by thename Utkal Sabha was created to promote Odia language and literature. Utkal Sabha
met twice a year to listen to famous Odia writers and intellectuals, a practice thatcontinued unchanged for a decade until 1882, when the scope of discussions wassubstantially expanded. In 1883, Utkal Sabha took a daring step when they discussedand resolved to call upon the British Government of India to implement Ilbert Bill of1883, which had just been introduced by Indias Vice -roy George Ripon. Ilbert Billhad proposed to empower senior Indian judges to try European offenders of law inIndia, who until then were essentially never punished for any crimes committedagainst Indians in India. This proposal raised a storm of protest in overtly racistnineteenth century Britain, and was most fiercely opposed by Europeans based in
India; consequently was drastically modified by the British Parliament. MadhusudanDas after his return to Cuttack became involved with Utkal Sabha in the early 1880s.He sharpened the focus of the activities of the association, and concentrated on thespecific issues of the problems of the Odia speaking people. His brilliant legal mind,great integrity and powerful oratory in English, Odia as well as Bengali, made him anautomatic and unanimous choice initially for the position of secretary of Utkal Sabhafollowed by the vice presidency.
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During his tenure as the vice president, Madhu Babu drafted a long list ofdemands that included improvement in transportation through the establishment ofrail links between Calcutta and Puri, remedial measures against draughts andfamines, proper administration of Jagannath Temple, and unification of Odiaspeaking people. The list of demands was submitted to Sir Richard Thompson, asenior British official, during his visit to Cuttack in November 1985. Britishadministration however, remained totally indifferent towards the needs of the peopleof Odisha.
Madhu Babu then made a strategic move to establish closer links with the justfounded Indian National Congress (INC) for securing benefits for Odia people as wellas for unification of Odisha. Utkal Sabha nominated delegations to participate inannual sessions of Congress since its very first year of formation in 1885. InitiallyMadhu Babu had a great deal of faith in Indian National Congress, but as timepassed he realised that INC was primarily interested in national issues, and was notparticularly keen on this mere appendage of Bengal, called Odisha. Odia issues didnot even figure in the agenda of INC. Madhu Babu was determined to unify Odisha,
so he conceived a new forum, and established Utkal Union Conference (UUC), alsoknown as Utkal Sammilani in Odia language, in 1903. The inaugural session of UUCin December 1903, presided by the prince of Mayurbhanj Sri Ram Chandra BhanjaDeo, was a spectacular success, where the three main objectives of i) unification ofscattered Odia speaking people, ii) economic progress of Odisha throughdevelopment of industries, and iii) social progress through general, technical andfemale education, were announced. Since the inauguration in 1903 till its merger withIndian National Congress in 1920, Utkal Union Conference under the leadership ofMadhu Babu held 16 annual sessions in the main towns of Odisha such as Cuttack,
Puri, Balasore and Sambalpur, as well as in prominent Odia speaking townships ofBerhampur and Jeypore in the Madras Presidency, and championed the cause ofunification of Odisha . Madhu Babus brilliant leadership and his sincere altruisticendeavours eventually achieved a separate statehood for Odisha on the 1 st of April1936. I would like to record here that for-ever-young this fountain-head-of-energy andoptimism, maker-of-modern-Odisha, was to an extent snubbed by his own disciples.
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I would not like to use the word betrayed, because that would be too harsh acriticism of all those idealistic young-men, who out-manoeuvred Madhu Babu in 1920Chakradharpur convention of Utkal Union Conference, but they lacked the far-sight ofthe visionary elder- statesman Madhu Babu. In fact Madhu Babus leadership hadbeen challenged earlier by Gopabandhu Das in 1919, when he proposed merger ofUtkal Conference with INC. Madhu Babu however, resisted the merger proposed byhis former apprentice, for he was apprehensive that sacrificing Odia nationalism atthe altar of Indian nationalism would derail the process of unification of Odisha. Theradical younger generation led by Gopabandhu, whose following had steadily grownto the extent that it outnumbered Madhu Babu loyalists, were absolutely determinedfor a change at the Chakradharpur session.
Sensing imminent defeat and humiliation at the hands of his own disciples, 72year old Madhu Babu, who was to preside the session, cancelled his plans and didnot attend. An associate of Gopabandhu, Jagabandhu Singh of Puri presided the lastever session that resolved merger of Utkal Union Conference with Indian NationalCongress. This merger inspired many idealistic Odia young men to join the Non-
Cooperation Movement launched by Indian National Congress led by MahatmaGandhi, but the objective of a successful unification of all the Odia speaking tractsthat remained scattered in the different administrative provinces of British India nevermaterialised. Odisha did become a separate province in 1936, but large tracts of Odiaspeaking areas such as Sareikala, Kharasuan, Singbhum in Bihar, Midnapur inBengal, Phuljhar, Bastar in Central Provinces, Simanchal in Madras Presidency,never became a part of the separate province of Odisha . Madhu Babusapprehension proved correct. Legacy of Madhusudan Das On a personal note oftribute to this great elder-statesman or Kulabrudha , I would like to record here that I
have often tried to visualise a speech Madhu Babu delivered at the LegislativeCouncil on the 27 th of July 1921 as a 73 year young legislator. I quote a portion of hisspeech where he delineated the role of a peoples representative as follows: When aman comes in as a representative, first of all he has to govern himself. He must sayto himself; my wish is nothing, my wants are nothing, my demands are nothing, firstof all, all that is mine must be postponed to what belongs to my electors, my rightsmust yield to what is within the rights of those whom I represent.
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Mahatma Gandhi held Madhusudan Das in high esteem, acknowledged himalong side Count Leo Tolstoy as one of his two mentors, and time and again in hiswritings, acknowledged Madhu Babus influence on him. During his visit to Odisha inDecember 1927, Gandhiji reached Cuttack on the 18 th of December after a fortnight ofarduous walks and demanding daily schedules. The Mahatma presently 58 wastaken ill, with a fever and a high blood pressure. So instead of staying in the placearranged by the Congress workers, Gandhiji rested for four days in Madhu Babusresidence. Madhu Babus adopted daughter Sailabala Das in her book A LookBefore And After has recorded that the very touch of his (Madhu Babus) fingersgave him (Gandhiji) immediate relief. After fully recovering from his exhaustion andfever, Gandhiji left Cuttack for Madras on the 21 st December 1927. I valueMadhusudan Das for his exceptional erudition, for his uncommon idealism, andabove all for the great Odia nationalist he was.
His tireless altruistic mass movement brought success to Odia nationalistcampaign, and by 1933 it become obvious that within a few years Odisha wouldbecome a separate state. Madhu Babu, however, did not see Odisha become a
separate province in 1936, as he and passed away on the 4 th of February 1934. Iwould like to record here that the charitable Madhu Babu towards the end of his lifehad become a bankrupt and had declared insolvency. Within a generation of MadhuBabus demise, the era of idealism that he had so assiduously established in Odisha,was well and truly over. Idealism disappeared from the political landscape of Odisha,and Odias reverted to their five hundred year old, treacherous habits. I have oftenwondered the origin of an Odia saying: Nei aani thoi jaanile, chori bidyaa bhala ,which upon translation reads, Managed properly theft is a good profession. Myresponse is that theft is never a good profession, and let us be very clear on this.
Epilogue:My non-Oriya Indian friends have pointed out that I need not single out Oriyasfor habitual infighting, which they say is a way of life for Indians from other statestoo, and perhaps holds true for the country as a whole. They are right, but Orissa is asmall part of India, is a single linguistic entity, and by all logic should be easier tounite than uniting the whole country as diverse as India. In this twenty first century,Orissa faces huge opportunities and vast threats.
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The incoming investments in a range of fields in Orissa are unprecedented inmagnitude, and so are the challenges posed by the threats of global warming, naturaldisasters, and the agitations by the disgruntled people of Orissa who are sinkingdeeper into poverty and missing out on the economic growth. In terms of per capitaincome Orissa remains the second most poor state of the country. Oriyas have toovercome all those differences of caste, wealth, education, age, regionality, politicalaffiliations and ideologies to unite to fight the abject poverty to build a prosperousstate, and to contribute in a much more robust manner to make India great again.Having criticised Oriya infightings, I conclude this article by stating that I admire thisgreat spirit of aggression among the youth I see these days, and I hope it could bechannelled to fight the abject poverty, and not each other. Oriyas Unite: Fight theAbject Poverty, Not Each Other Dr Nachiketa Das M.Sc. JNU; Ph.D. Glasgow, UK;Postdoctoral Fellow Harvard, USA;Special Associate Professor, Department of Earth and Planetary Systems Science,Hiroshima University; Director, School of Kaya Yoga, www.kayayoga.net, Director,NRI-Enviro-Geo-Tech-Australia.
(This article was first published on an online newspaper from Orissa,
www.hotnhitnews.com on July 19, 2008; posted on www.sulekha.com on August 15,2008; published on www.siliconindia.com on October 13, 2008; published onwww.ivarta.com on October 28, 2008. The author retains the copyright.)
Oriyas Unite: Fight the Abject Poverty, Not Each Other Dr Nachiketa Das.
N.B. As officially the name of our state are to be written as Odisha instead ofOrissa and Odiya instead of Oriya only those text have been changed keeping
the original content .-Subhashish Panigrahi
..
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Copyright by
Art Details of Kanta Kishore Moharana
Title : Truth
Category : Sculpturemedium : Marble and BronzePrice : 2, 15, 000 INRSize : 3ft x 2.5 ft x 10 inchThis is a sculpture work of artist Kanta Kishor Moharana, it is made up ofcarved marble and bronze, the marble plate carved with all dallit issue newsand the dalit man is of bronze sleeping on it.
Work Available at Ashok Art Gallery. www.eOdissa.com
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