Earth stations in motion in Ku bandRegulatory status and proposed updates to administrative licence procedures for space and space receive apparatus licencesConsultation paperMARCH 2019

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Executive summary

Issue for comment

Current national arrangementsOverview 4Spectrum allocations 4Supported services 5Licensing options 6Licensing procedures 7

Review of licensing proceduresOverview of current procedures 8Proposed additional procedures for ESIM operation in Ku band 9

Future workUse of the 10.7–11.7 GHz band 13

Invitation to commentMaking a submission 14

Appendix A—ARSP extracts

Appendix B—summary of ARSP footnotes

Appendix C—international arrangements

Appendix D—proposed changes to the space/space receive BOPSummary of special conditions and advisory notes applicable to Ku band ESIM 30

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Executive summary

There is increasing interest across the globe for the fixed-satellite service (FSS) to use what are known as earth stations in motion (ESIM) for ubiquitous user terminals. While earth stations in the fixed-satellite service (as the name suggests) are intended to be at fixed locations, ESIM are earth stations that are in motion on land, on water or in the air. Typically, such systems employ techniques to ensure the earth station antenna is always pointed at the associated satellite, with a high degree of accuracy and reliability, even though the earth station is moving.

The challenge when considering ESIM is that spectrum planning, coordination and regulatory arrangements for the FSS are designed on the principle that earth stations are at a fixed location.

The Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA) has completed a review of regulatory arrangements for FSS operating with ESIM in Ku band (the 10.7–12.75 GHz band (space-to-Earth) and the 14.0–14.5 GHz band (Earth-to-space)) and concluded that:> existing arrangements of the Australian Radiofrequency Spectrum Plan (the ARSP)

provide for the operation of FSS operating with ESIM in Ku band for both geostationary orbit (GSO) FSS and non-geostationary orbit (NGSO) FSS.

> licensing options support operation of ubiquitous ESIM in the bands 11.7–12.75 GHz and 14–14.5 GHz through the space/space receive apparatus licence options and the Communications with Space Objects Class Licence

> to provide clarity, additional assessment procedures are required for processing applications for space and space receive apparatus licences intended to support the operation of ESIM in Ku band. Such procedures are proposed in this paper.

In support, this paper provides a summary of the current national arrangements in Ku band covering spectrum allocations, services supported and licensing options for satellite services, including for the use of ESIM. Current licence assessment procedures are reviewed for clarity of requirements for Ku band ESIM in the 11.7–12.75 GHz and 14–14.5 GHz bands. Comment is sought on resulting proposed additional provisions for inclusion in the ACMA’s Business operating procedure—Submission and processing of applications for space and space receive apparatus licences.

The ACMA also considers that some aspects of the proposed additional procedures could be applicable to other systems under space/space receive apparatus licences and seeks industry views on these matters to aid the ACMA’s general review of space licensing procedures1.

This review was included in the ACMA’s 2018–19 work program outlined in the Five-Year Spectrum Outlook 2018-2022. The outcomes will also be considered as an input to the ACMA’s work in considering the feasibility of supporting ubiquitous earth stations in the 10.7–11.7 GHz band.

1 Refer ‘General review of space licensing procedures’ on page 47 of the Five-Year Spectrum Outlook 2018-2022.

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Issue for commentThe ACMA invites comments on the issues set out in this consultation paper. Specifically, comment is sought on draft additional provisions for inclusion in the Business operating procedure—Submission and processing of applications for space and space receive apparatus licences (space/space receive BOP) to address the operation of ESIM in the 11.7–12.75 GHz and 14–14.5 GHz bands in the future.

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Current national arrangementsOverview Ku band (the 10.7–12.75 GHz band (space-to-Earth) and the 14.0–14.5 GHz band (Earth-to-space)) is well-established as a band used for satellite communications in Australia and around the world. Parts of the band are shared with other services, most notably fixed point-to-point links.

Spectrum allocationsAppendix A provides an extract from the Table of Frequency Band Allocations (ARSP Part 2) for the 10.7–12.75 GHz and 14.0–14.5 GHz bands and relevant international footnotes (ARSP Part 4). Appendix B provides a summary of the footnotes that apply in each part of these bands. Both the table, the footnotes and the provisions of ARSP Part 1 are relevant when considering whether ESIM are supported under the ARSP.

Ku band downlinkUnder the ARSP the FSS is supported across the entire Ku downlink band (10.7–12.75 GHz) via allocations to: > the FSS (space-to-Earth) on a primary basis in the bands 10.7–11.7 GHz and

12.2–12.75 GHz;> the broadcasting satellite service (BSS) in the band 11.7–12.2 GHz with:

> non-geostationary orbit (NGSO) FSS (space-to-Earth) systems supported through International footnote 487A on a conditional basis with respect to BSS.

> geostationary orbit (GSO) FSS (space-to-Earth) systems supported through International footnote 492 which allows a BSS service that is in conformity with Appendix 30 to also be used for transmissions in the FSS (space-to-Earth) on a conditional basis with respect to BSS services

Subsection 10(9) of the ARSP is intended to support the operation of receiving ESIM in frequency bands allocated to the FSS (space-to-Earth). It states that:

A frequency band may be used by an earth receive station in a frequency band allocated for the fixed-satellite service (space-to-Earth) where that station is in motion, or in a stationary position at an unspecified point on land, on water or in the air.

Accordingly, the ARSP (via the allocations in Part 2 and footnotes in Part 4) supports FSS in the 10.7–12.75 GHz band, and combined with subsection 10(9) provides a domestic regulatory basis for the use of receiving ESIM in the entire 10.7–12.75 GHz band. Note that while supported by the ARSP, licensing of receiving ESIM is contingent on other domestic planning and licensing considerations, and international satellite network filing matters. These are considered in later sections.

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Ku band uplink The 14.0–14.5 GHz band is allocated on a primary basis to the FSS and a secondary basis to the mobile-satellite service (MSS). The MSS (as described in the Australian regulatory environment2) is a radiocommunications service where an earth station is in motion on land, on water or in the air and communicates with a space station - a description that also describes ESIM. Therefore, transmitting ESIM, whether they be on land, on water or in the air, are currently supported in the 14.0–14.5 GHz band within existing MSS allocations in the ARSP. Note that while supported by the ARSP, licensing of transmitting ESIM is contingent on other planning and licensing considerations, and international satellite network filing matters. These are considered in later sections. There are also various International Footnotes that provide conditions on the operation of earth stations on board vessels and aircraft. In particular, the MSS allocation in the band also includes International Footnote 506A which places conditions on the use of the band by earth stations located on board vessels. Further, the FSS allocation in the band includes International Footnote 457A which permits the use of earth stations located on board vessels communicating with space stations in the FSS. The band is also covered by International Footnote 504A which enables use of the band by earth stations on aircraft in the secondary aeronautical mobile-satellite service to communicate with space stations in the FSS.

Supported servicesFigure 1 provides an illustration of current services in Ku band for which the ACMA has developed specific planning arrangements to support. Whether ESIM can be supported in Ku band is dependent their compatibility with these services.

Within the 10.7–12.75 GHz (space-to-Earth) band, the 10.7–11.7 GHz segment is planned and heavily used by fixed point-to-point services as described in Radiocommunications Assignment and Licensing Instruction (RALI) FX 3. There are approximately 15,300 licensed fixed point-to-point links in the ACMA’s Register for Radiocommunications Licences (RRL). Individual receiving earth stations can be apparatus licensed (using the Earth receive licence type) in the band on a coordinated basis with fixed point-to-point links. This segment is planned for earth station use at discrete locations on a shared, coordinated basis with fixed links. Ubiquitous, uncoordinated earth stations such as ESIM are currently not supported in the 10.7–11.7 GHz band.

The 11.7–12.75 GHz segment of the space-to-Earth band, as well as the 14.0–14.5 GHz (Earth-to-space) band are planned in Australia for ubiquitous earth stations on an exclusive basis. Ubiquitous, uncoordinated earth stations are supported and can be authorised via space/space receive apparatus licences and the associated Radiocommunications (Communication with Space Object) Class Licence 2015 (the Space Object Class Licence)3.

2 Refer definitions in the ARSP and Radiocommunications (Interpretation) Determination 2015.3 Further information on the ACMA’s space system licensing regime is available on the ACMA website.

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Figure 1: Current arrangements in Ku band

Licensing optionsIn general, there are two broad options for licensing of space systems in Australia. Firstly, operators can licence each of their earth stations individually with an Earth licence for the uplink and an Earth receive licence for the downlink if licensing via the ground segment. Alternatively, in certain bands, operators can licence the space segment (i.e. transmission and reception from satellites) with a space licence for the downlink and a space receive licence for the uplink. Ubiquitous earth stations are then authorised via the Space Object Class Licence. To that end, space segment licensing is only available in those frequency bands contained within the Space Object Class Licence. Table 1 provides an overview of the licensing options for satellite services in Ku band.

Table 1: Licensing options for satellite services in Ku band

Frequency band Service Communication direction

Ground-segment apparatus licence

Space-based licence

10.7–11.7 GHz FSS s-E

11.7–12.2 GHz BSS/FSS4 s-E

12.2–12.5 GHz FSS s-E

12.5–12.75 GHz FSSBSS

s-E

14.0–14.5 GHz FSS E-s

4 In the 11.7 – 12.2 GHz band, FSS is supported via International Footnote 492 to the ARSP.

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Ku band downlinkFrom a licensing perspective, the Space Object Class Licence currently only includes authorisation for reception of radio emissions (i.e. communications in the space-to-Earth direction) for the 11.7–12.75 GHz band. Therefore, provided there are appropriate licensing assessment procedures the authorisation of receiving ESIM in the 11.7–12.75 GHz band under a space licence is feasible from a licensing perspective.

Earth stations in the 10.7–11.7 GHz are subject to individual Earth receive apparatus licensing. Receiving ESIM in this band could, in theory, be individually licensed with an apparatus license authorising a mobile earth receive terminal. However, currently there are no arrangements for the coordination of mobile earth station receivers with fixed point-to-point link and the ACMA does not support such usage at this point in time. Potential expansion of arrangements for ubiquitous use of the 10.7–11.7 GHz will be considered by the ACMA later in 2019. A key consideration will be under what conditions earth station receivers could operate on an uncoordinated basis with an acceptable probability of interference, given that the introduction of class-licensed earth station receivers should not lead to constraints on the future deployment and growth of fixed links.

Ku band uplinkThe Space Object Class Licence currently includes authorisation for transmission of radio emissions (i.e. communications in the Earth-to-space direction) for the 14.0–14.5 GHz band. Therefore, provided there are appropriate licensing assessment procedures, the authorisation of transmitting ESIM in the 14.0–14.5 GHz band under a Space Receive licence is feasible from a licensing perspective.

Licensing procedures From the above discussion it was concluded that operation of ESIM is able to be authorised in parts of Ku band via space and space receive licences in concert with the Space Object Class Licence, subject to meeting licensing assessment procedures. Parts of Ku band where this option is available are the 14–14.5 GHz band for transmitting ESIM and the 11.7–12.75 GHz band for receiving ESIM.Procedures to be followed when seeking the issue of space or space receive apparatus licences are specified in the space/space receive BOP. In principle those procedures should be applied when assessing applications for space and space receive licences for the operation of Ku band ESIM. However, the procedures where developed without consideration of Ku band ESIM (for example, how receiving ESIM are supported under the ARSP) and will require revision to provide clarity on requirements for ESIM. A review of the procedures is considered in the next section.

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Review of licensing procedures In reviewing the ACMA licensing procedures for space/space receive licences for Ku band ESIM, the ACMA has considered stakeholders’ views from previous consultations on licensing of space-based communications systems.

Internationally there are satellite networks in Ku band that are already operating using ESIM and arrangements exist, such as those in the United States and the European Union (see Appendix C), that support Ku band ESIM. In Australia there are also satellite networks in Ku band already operating ESIM (on aircraft).

The ACMA view is that any revisions proposed should not impact on the operation of existing services that were compliant when first licensed (that is, new procedures should not be applied retrospectively). In this context, the ACMA seeks comment on what, if any, additional procedures should be included in the ACMA’s space/space receive BOP to guide assessment of licence applications proposing the use of ESIM in Ku band. Possible ESIM-specific licence conditions are also discussed.

The ACMA also considers that some aspects of the proposed additional procedures could be applicable to other systems to be authorised under space/space receive apparatus licences and seeks industry views on these matters to aid the ACMA’s general review of space licensing procedures5.

Overview of current procedures Under current procedures specified in the space/space receive BOP the assessment process includes:> consideration of consistency with current regulatory arrangements, including:

> Australian space regulations related to space and space receive licences> the international (ITU) regulatory status of the subject satellite network> the international (ITU) registration details of the subject satellite network

> relevant government organisations to be consulted in relation to the application> determining the appropriate special condition(s) and/or advisory note(s) to be

applied to the licence.

In the context of Ku band ESIM, aspects of the assessment process that might need to be reviewed or added are:> the requirement that proposed use is consistent with the Spectrum Plan (a

requirement of the Radiocommunications Act6) to ensure clarity on how the ACMA assesses this criteria (see section discussing spectrum allocations)

> ITU regulatory status and how the associated satellite network is progressing through the ITU coordination process and whether/how it is recorded in the Master International Frequency Register (MIFR). The ACMA considers that in cases where the recording in the MIFR includes an unfavourable finding under ITU Radio Regulation (RR) No. 11.417 for licensed satellite networks operating in Australia,

5 Refer General review of space licensing procedures on page 47 of the Five-Year Spectrum Outlook 2018-2022.6 Under section 104 of the Radiocommunications Act the ACMA may not issue an apparatus licence that is inconsistent with the spectrum plan, except in certain circumstances where the licence cannot be issued for more than 30 days. 7 ITU RR 11.41 After a notice is returned under No. 11.38, should the notifying administrationresubmit the notice and insist upon its reconsideration, the Bureau shall enter the assignment in theMaster Register with an indication of those administrations whose assignments were the basis of the unfavourable finding (see also No. 11.42 ).

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that additional information explaining why the risk of interference should be consider low as well as a letter of assurance is required.

> the requirement that ITU registration details of the satellite network are consistent with the characteristics of the proposed satellite-based radiocommunications service, as specified in the licence application. The ACMA experience is that the operation of ESIM is not always recorded in the satellite network filing and additional guidance is required to provide clarity on requirements in such situations.

> special conditions and advisory notes—depending on the part of Ku band that is proposed for operation and whether the satellite network is GSO or NGSO, different conditions will apply with regards to interference to and claiming protection from other networks and with respect to BSS.

Proposed additional procedures for ESIM operation in Ku bandThe ACMA believes that the addition of extra procedures into the ACMA’s space/space receive BOP will provide clarity on the requirements on the operation of FSS (both GSO and NGSO) Ku band ESIM.

The key considerations for the ACMA in developing the proposals are to ensure that Australia’s obligations as a member of the ITU are met, and minimising the regulatory burden placed on industry (consistent with the government regulatory reform agenda on cutting red tape and requirements of the Regulator Performance Framework). This also ensures that the licensing procedures are appropriate and commensurate with the risk of interference. In doing so, the proposed arrangements would also be considered in the light of the government principle8 that if a system, service or product has been approved under a trusted international standard or risk assessment, then Australian regulators should not impose any additional requirements unless there is a good and demonstrable reason to do so.

Under those principles, given that the coordination of satellite networks with other satellite networks is undertaken through the ITU process, the ACMA’s processes should not attempt to duplicate the international satellite network coordination process by developing additional criteria outside that process (beyond the existing safeguards for when that process is yet to be completed). This principle is reflected in the ACMA’s long-standing approach to management and licensing of space-based communication systems and was applied in the development of the consultation proposals.

In this regard while the flexibility of the Australian regulatory regime can support ESIM, this is not always the case under international arrangements (that is, they are not provided for by the ITU Radio Regulations). For example, while receiving ESIM can be supported under the ARSP in the 11.7–12.75 GHz, there are no similar ITU arrangements. In such cases, operation is subject to ITU Radio Regulation No. 4.49.

A proposed annex to be included in the ACMA’s space/space receive BOP is included at Appendix D. Comment is sought on whether the additional provisions sufficiently address the operation of ESIM in the 11.7–12.75 GHz and 14–14.5 GHz bands.

8 Refer to Acceptance of international standards and risk assessments for product approvals on the Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet website, with additional information on the government’s cutting red tape website.9 ITU Radio Regulation No. 4.4 states:

Administrations of the Member States shall not assign to a station any frequency in derogation of either the Table of Frequency Allocations in this Chapter or the other provisions of these Regulations, except on the express condition that such a station, when using such a frequency assignment, shall not cause harmful interference to, and shall not claim protection from harmful interference caused by, a station operating in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution, the Convention and these Regulations.

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The proposed annex provides clarifying advice on how the procedures of the space/space receive BOP apply to Ku band ESIM and a number of additional measures which are outlined below.

Assessment of ITU regulatory status of a satellite networkThe ITU regulatory status of a satellite system is determined by checking the ITU’s Master International Frequency Register (MIFR). The ITU regulatory status provides an indication of the likelihood of interference to existing licensed satellite operations in Australia. There are three broad potential statuses of satellite networks:> recorded in the MIFR with a favourable finding meaning that the network has been

successfully coordinated> recorded in the MIFR under ITU Radio Regulation No. 11.41 with an ‘unfavourable’

finding for a particular administration meaning that the network has been successfully coordinated with the exception of the listed administrations.

> Not recorded in the MIFR as the ITU coordination process is still occurring

In the case where the satellite network is recorded in the MIFR with a favourable finding, it is assumed that the risk of interference (when operating in accordance with the filing) is considered acceptably low. Therefore, no additional measures are required within the domestic licence procedures to address the regulatory status of the network.

Where the satellite network is recorded in the MIFR under ITU Radio Regulation No. 11.41 with an unfavourable finding regarding a licensed satellite network operating in Australia, additional measures are proposed. The ACMA will require additional information that explains why the risk of interference to satellite operations licensed in Australia, and referred to in the unfavourable finding, should be consider low as well as a Letter of Assurance (LOA). In the case where an unfavourable finding is against an Australian-filed satellite that is not licensed in Australia, no action is required.

For satellite networks nor recorded in the MIFR, additional measures are also proposed. The ACMA will require additional information that explains whether or not the proposed system is likely to be recorded in the MIFR and why the risk of interference to satellite operations licensed in Australia should be considered low. The ACMA would also seek information about its ITU coordination status from the applicant via a LOA, unless the information was already available to the ACMA.

Where the satellite network is recorded in the MIFR under ITU Radio Regulation No. 11.41 with an unfavourable finding regarding a licensed satellite network operating in Australia, or is not yet recorded in the MIFR, additional conditions will be automatically imposed on any licence issued, namely:

> a condition to oblige the elimination of harmful interference in accordance with ITU Radio Regulation No. 11.42

> a condition requiring that harmful interference is not to be caused to stations outside of Australia where coordination is required and outstanding.

Consistency of ITU registration details and proposed useThe factors that are particularly relevant for ESIM operation when checking consistency of ITU registration details with the proposed service are that the:> service purpose/function of the space station must be consistent with the class(es)

of station10 of the satellite network. ACMA experience is that for ESIM that this requirement is not always met. There are currently no class of station codes

10 See lists of space station class of station and earth station class of station in Preface to the BR IFIC (Space services) .

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specific to ESIM operation in Ku Band. Further, an analysis of ITU satellite filings for networks currently known to be operating or planning to operate ESIM only class of station code EC (Space station in the fixed-satellite service) but no codes indicating mobile operation.

> proposed geographic area of the licence must be included within satellite network filing and that area must include Australia. This requirement is to ensure the operation within Australia has been considered in the ITU satellite coordination process and as a way of ensure services to Australia are within the operating envelope of the network. This requirement is to be maintained for Ku band ESIM.

Where the ITU registration details do not include the operation of ESIM: > receiving ESIM will be supported provided the technical operating characteristics

are within the envelope of the ITU registration details.> transmitting ESIM are supported provided the technical operating characteristics

are within the envelope of the ITU registration details.

For any transmitting or receiving ESIM whose operation is not recorded in the ITU registration details or not provided for by the Radio Regulations of the International Telecommunication Union, operation is subject to ITU Radio Regulation No. 4.4 and a special licence condition will be applied to this effect. Note that under ITU Rules of Procedure an administration intending to use a frequency assignment to a transmitting station under No. 4.4 has to notify this frequency assignment to the Bureau, pursuant to Article 11, if possible prior to bringing it into use. For this requirement the ACMA considers the responsible administration to be that administration that filed the satellite network.

Interference management and due diligence Given the potential for increased interference due to the very nature of ESIM use compared with traditional FSS use, the ACMA proposes that operator of the proposed services demonstrate that they have undertaken their own due diligence and undertaken an engineering assessment that considers the risk and likely of interference to and from existing services authorised to operate under space/space receive licences in Australia.

A summary of how such an assessment has been made is to be provided to the ACMA as part of the licence application. Information could include:> a statement of various coordination agreements reached> compliance with applicable ITU requirements > compliance with relevant FCC or ECC requirements including:

> equivalent isotropically radiated power limits for ESIM> ESIM controlled by a network control facility > power flux density restrictions> ESIM that use closed-loop tracking of the satellite signal shall employ an

algorithm that is resistant to capturing and tracking signals from nearby satellite; earth stations shall immediately cease transmissions when they detect that unintended satellite tracking has happened or is about to happen

> engineering assessments undertaken.

For a licence to be issued, the assessment should demonstrate that appropriate interference management measures are in place for all ubiquitous earth station to be authorised (both fixed and ESIM). It should also be demonstrated that ITU requirements for NGSO/GSO/BSS coordination have been (or able to be) met for earth stations on board vessels and aircraft earth stations. This is an existing

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requirement, via the existing requirement to comply with ITU Radio Regulations. However, it is proposed to be explicitly included in the space/space receive BOP.

Australia currently has a number of individually notified earth stations communicating with GSO networks under No. 9.7B and specific earth stations included as part of a GSO network under No. 9.7A. These stations (known as very large earth stations (VLES)) are subject to additional coordination within the ITU framework due to specific interference mechanisms caused by NGSO systems.

As such, NGSO satellite systems that are flagged for coordination with Australia under ITU Radio Regulation No. 9.7B are required to demonstrate that notified earth stations in Australia will not be detrimentally impacted. Therefore, applicants are required to demonstrate compatibility of NGSO networks with very large earth stations.

Applicants are also required to provide a point of contact for addressing any suspected cases of interference and cease transmission immediately if directed by the ACMA.

Protection for the Mid-West Radio Quiet ZoneIt is proposed to include additional procedures to provide greater visibility of the existing requirement to protect the Mid-West Radio Quiet reflecting requirements under Radiocommunications (Mid-West Radio Quiet Zone) Frequency Band Plan 2011 and the Space Object Class Licence for interference management. While this is only included for Ku Band ESIM at this stage, comment is sought on whether these procedures should be expanded to all space and space receive licence applications in the future.

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Future work From the analysis provided in this paper it can be concluded that existing regulatory arrangements support the operation of ESIM in Ku band and no further changes are required in that regard. Further, while ESIM are supported from a regulatory perspective there are different licence options available in different parts of Ku band. However, this paper proposes additional provisions in the space/space receive BOP to address the operation of ESIM in the 11.7–12.75 GHz and 14–14.5 GHz bands in the future.

The information presented in this paper, and any feedback received, will also be used as input into the ACMA’s consideration of the feasibility of supporting ubiquitous earth stations in the 10.7–11.7 GHz band. It is envisaged that should ubiquitous use of the 10.7–11.7 GHz band be supported, provisions in the BOP to address the operation of ESIM in the 11.7–12.75 GHz and 14–14.5 GHz bands could be expanded into the 10.7–11.7 GHz band.

Use of the 10.7–11.7 GHz bandAs noted in the summary of current arrangements, authorisation for the use of the 10.7–11.7 GHz band in Australia is currently available via an Earth receive licence. Unlike the upper adjacent part of Ku band downlink, licensing arrangements do not currently support ubiquitous use of satellite receivers in this band as it is not included in the Space Objects Class Licence. The band is used for fixed point-to-point links and is one of the most heavily used microwave fixed point-to-point link bands in Australia.

In its Five-Year Spectrum Outlook 2018-2022, the ACMA included in the 2018–19 work program consideration of the feasibility of inclusion of the 10.7–11.7 GHz band in the Space Objects Class Licence.

The possible use of ‘ubiquitous’ user terminals under the class licence would require consideration of the impact on fixed links and investigation of any required technical restrictions on earth station receive use.

While uncoordinated earth receive station use would not pose an interference risk to point-to-point links, a relevant consideration is under what conditions could earth station receivers operate on an uncoordinated basis with an acceptable probability of interference, given that the introduction of class-licensed earth station receivers should not lead to undue constraints on the future deployment and growth of fixed links and be fit for purpose for satellite use. The ACMA intends to investigate the feasibility and discuss the results with industry in Q4 2018–19.

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Invitation to comment Making a submissionThe ACMA invites comments on the issues set out in this discussion paper.

> Online submissions can be made via the comment function or by uploading a document. Submissions in Microsoft Word or Rich Text Format are preferred.

> Submissions by post can be sent to:

The ManagerSpectrum Engineering and Space SectionSpectrum Planning and Engineering BranchAustralian Communications and Media AuthorityPO Box 78Belconnen ACT 2616

The closing date for submissions is COB, Friday 26 April 2019.

Consultation enquiries can be emailed to freqplan@acma.gov.au.

Publication of submissionsThe ACMA publishes submissions on our website, including personal information (such as names and contact details), except for information that you have claimed (and we have accepted) is confidential.

Confidential information will not be published or otherwise released unless required or authorised by law.

PrivacyPrivacy and consultation provides information about the ACMA’s collection of personal information during consultation and how we handle that information.

Information on the Privacy Act 1988 and the ACMA’s privacy policy (including how to access or correct personal information, how to make a privacy complaint and how we will deal with the complaint) is available at acma.gov.au/privacypolicy.

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Appendix A—ARSP extractsTables 2 and 3 show extracts from the Australian Radiofrequency Spectrum Plan (ARSP) for the 10.7–12.75 GHz band and the 14.0–14.5 GHz band, respectively. Also included is text of relevant footnotes in Table 4, which are summarised at Appendix B

Table 2: Extract from the Australian Radiofrequency Spectrum Plan 2017 for the 10.7–12.75 GHz band

Column 1: ITU Radio Regulations Table of Allocations Column 2:

Region 1 Region 2 Region 3 Australian Table of Allocations

10.7 – 10.95 FIXED FIXED–SATELLITE (space-to-Earth)

441 (Earth-to-space) 484 MOBILE except aeronautical mobile

10.7 – 10.95 FIXED FIXED–SATELLITE (space-to-Earth) 441 MOBILE except aeronautical mobile

10.7 – 10.95 FIXED FIXED–SATELLITE (space-to-Earth)

441 MOBILE except aeronautical mobile

10.95 – 11.2 FIXED FIXED–SATELLITE (space-to-Earth)

484A 484B (Earth-to-space) 484 MOBILE except aeronautical mobile

10.95 – 11.2 FIXED FIXED–SATELLITE (space-to-Earth) 484A 484B MOBILE except aeronautical mobile

10.95 – 11.2 FIXED FIXED–SATELLITE (space-to-Earth)

484A 484B MOBILE except aeronautical mobile

11.2 – 11.45 FIXED FIXED–SATELLITE (space-to-Earth)

441 (Earth-to-space) 484 MOBILE except aeronautical mobile

11.2 – 11.45 FIXED FIXED–SATELLITE (space-to-Earth) 441 MOBILE except aeronautical mobile

11.2 – 11.45 FIXED FIXED–SATELLITE (space-to-Earth)

441 MOBILE except aeronautical mobile

11.45 – 11.7 FIXED FIXED–SATELLITE (space-to-Earth)

484A 484B (Earth-to-space) 484 MOBILE except aeronautical mobile

11.45 – 11.7 FIXED FIXED–SATELLITE (space-to-Earth) 484A 484B MOBILE except aeronautical mobile

11.45 – 11.7 FIXED FIXED–SATELLITE (space-to-Earth)

484A 484B MOBILE except aeronautical mobile

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Column 1: ITU Radio Regulations Table of Allocations Column 2:

Region 1 Region 2 Region 3 Australian Table of Allocations

11.7 – 12.5 FIXED MOBILE except aeronautical mobile BROADCASTING BROADCASTING–SATELLITE 492

487 487A

11.7 – 12.1 FIXED 486 FIXED–SATELLITE

(space-to-Earth) 484A 484B 488

Mobile except aeronautical mobile

485

11.7 – 12.2 FIXED MOBILE except

aeronautical mobile

BROADCASTING BROADCASTING–

SATELLITE 492

487 487A

11.7 – 12.2 BROADCASTING–SATELLITE 492 Broadcasting Fixed Mobile except aeronautical mobile

487 487A

12.1 – 12.2 FIXED–SATELLITE

(space-to-Earth) 484A 484B 488

485 489 12.2 – 12.7 FIXED MOBILE except

aeronautical mobile

BROADCASTING BROADCASTING–SATELLITE 492

487A 488 490

12.2 – 12.5 FIXED FIXED–SATELLITE

(space-to-Earth) 484B

MOBILE except aeronautical mobile

BROADCASTING 484A 487

12.2 – 12.5 FIXED–SATELLITE (space-to-Earth)

484B Broadcasting Fixed Land mobile–satellite (space-to-

Earth) Mobile except aeronautical mobile

484A 487 AUS88 12.5 – 12.75 FIXED–SATELLITE (space-to-Earth)

484A 484B (Earth-to-space) 494 495 496

12.5 – 12.75 FIXED FIXED–SATELLITE

(space-to-Earth) 484A 484B

MOBILE except aeronautical mobile

BROADCASTING–SATELLITE 493

12.5 – 12.75 FIXED–SATELLITE (space-to-Earth)

484A 484B BROADCASTING–SATELLITE 493 Fixed Land mobile–satellite (space-to-

Earth) Mobile except aeronautical mobile

12.7 – 12.75 FIXED FIXED–SATELLITE

(Earth-to-space) MOBILE except

aeronautical mobile

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Table 3: Extract from the Australian Radiofrequency Spectrum Plan 2017 for the 14.0–14.5 GHz band

Column 1: ITU Radio Regulations Table of Allocations Column 2:

Region 1 Region 2 Region 3 Australian Table of Allocations

14 – 14.25 FIXED–SATELLITE (Earth-to-space) 457A 457B 484A 484B 506 506B RADIONAVIGATION 504 Mobile–satellite (Earth-to-space) 504B 504C 506A Space research

504A 505

14 – 14.3 FIXED–SATELLITE (Earth-to-space)

457A 484A 484B 506 RADIONAVIGATION 504 Mobile–satellite (Earth-to-space) 506A Space research

504A

14.25 – 14.3 FIXED–SATELLITE (Earth-to-space) 457A 457B 484A 484B 506 506B RADIONAVIGATION 504 Mobile–satellite (Earth-to-space) 504B 506A 508A Space research

504A 505 508 14.3 – 14.4 FIXED FIXED–SATELLITE

(Earth-to-space) 457A 457B 484A 484B 506 506B

MOBILE except aeronautical mobile

Mobile–satellite (Earth-to-space) 504B 506A 509A

Radionavigation–satellite

504A

14.3 – 14.4 FIXED–SATELLITE (Earth-

to-space) 457A 484A 484B 506 506B

Mobile–satellite (Earth-to-space) 506A

Radionavigation–satellite 504A

14.3 – 14.4 FIXED FIXED–SATELLITE

(Earth-to-space) 457A 484A 484B 506 506B

MOBILE except aeronautical mobile

Mobile–satellite (Earth-to-space) 504B 506A 509A

Radionavigation–satellite

504A

14.3 – 14.4 FIXED–SATELLITE (Earth-to-space)

457A 484A 484B 506 Fixed Mobile except aeronautical mobile Mobile–satellite (Earth-to-space) 506A Radionavigation–satellite

504A 14.4 – 14.47 FIXED

FIXED–SATELLITE (Earth-to-space) 457A 457B 484A 484B 506 506B MOBILE except aeronautical mobile Mobile–satellite (Earth-to-space) 504B 506A 509A Space research (space-to-Earth)

504A

14.4 – 14.47 FIXED–SATELLITE (Earth-to-space)

457A 484A 484B 506 Fixed Mobile except aeronautical mobile Mobile–satellite (Earth-to-space) 506A Space research (space-to-Earth)504A

14.47 – 14.5 FIXED FIXED–SATELLITE (Earth-to-space) 457A 457B 484A 506 506B MOBILE except aeronautical mobile Mobile–satellite (Earth-to-space) 504B 506A 509A Radio astronomy

149 504A

14.47 – 14.5 FIXED–SATELLITE (Earth-to-space)

457A 484A 506 Fixed Mobile except aeronautical mobile Mobile–satellite (Earth-to-space) 506A Radio astronomy 149 504A

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Table 4: Extract from the Australian Radiofrequency Spectrum Plan—footnotes

Footnote Text

AUS88 In the band 12.2–12.5 GHz, transponders on space stations of the fixed–satellite service may be used additionally for transmissions in the broadcasting-satellite service. Such emissions shall comply with the power flux density limits prescribed for the fixed–satellite service in this band.

149 In making assignments to stations of other services to which the following listed bands are allocated, administrations are urged to take all practicable steps to protect the radio astronomy service from harmful interference. Emissions from spaceborne or airborne stations can be particularly serious sources of interference to the radio astronomy service (see Nos. 4.5 and 4.6 and Article 29). 13 360–13 410 kHz,25 550–25 670 kHz,37.5–38.25 MHz,73–74.6 MHz in Regions 1 and 3,150.05–153 MHz in Region 1,322–328.6 MHz,406.1–410 MHz,608–614 MHz in Regions 1 and 3,1 330–1 400 MHz,1 610.6–1 613.8 MHz,1 660–1 670 MHz,1 718.8–1 722.2 MHz,2 655–2 690 MHz,3 260–3 267 MHz,3 332–3 339 MHz,3 345.8–3 352.5 MHz, 4 825–4 835 MHz,4 950–4 990 MHz,4 990–5 000 MHz,6 650–6 675.2 MHz,10.6–10.68 GHz,14.47–14.5 GHz,22.01–22.21 GHz,22.21–22.5 GHz,22.81–22.86 GHz,23.07–23.12 GHz,31.2–31.3 GHz,31.5–31.8 GHz in Regions 1 and 3,36.43–36.5 GHz,42.5–43.5 GHz,48.94–49.04 GHz,76–86 GHz, 92–94 GHz,94.1–100 GHz,102–109.5 GHz,111.8–114.25 GHz,128.33–128.59 GHz,129.23–129.49 GHz,130–134 GHz,136–148.5 GHz,151.5–158.5 GHz,168.59–168.93 GHz,171.11–171.45 GHz,172.31–172.65 GHz,173.52–173.85 GHz, 195.75–196.15 GHz,209–226 GHz,241–250 GHz,252–275 GHz  (WRC-07)

441 The use of the bands 4 500–4 800 MHz (space-to-Earth), 6 725–7 025 MHz (Earth-to-space) by the fixed–satellite service shall be in accordance with the provisions of Appendix 30B. The use of the bands 10.7–10.95 GHz (space-to-Earth), 11.2–11.45 GHz (space-to-Earth) and 12.75–13.25 GHz (Earth-to-space) by geostationary-satellite systems in the fixed–satellite service shall be in accordance with the provisions of Appendix 30B. The use of the bands 10.7–10.95 GHz (space-to-Earth), 11.2–11.45 GHz (space-to-Earth) and 12.75–13.25 GHz (Earth-to-space) by a non-geostationary-satellite system in the fixed–satellite service is subject to application of the provisions of No. 9.12 for coordination with other non-geostationary-satellite systems in the fixed–satellite service. Non-geostationary-satellite systems in the fixed–satellite service shall not claim protection from geostationary-satellite networks in the fixed–satellite service operating in accordance with the Radio Regulations, irrespective of the dates of receipt by the Bureau of the complete coordination or notification information, as appropriate, for the non-geostationary-satellite systems in the fixed–satellite service and of the complete coordination or notification information, as appropriate, for the geostationary-satellite networks, and No. 43A does not apply. Non-geostationary-satellite systems in the fixed–satellite service in the above bands shall be operated in such a way that any unacceptable interference that may occur during their operation shall be rapidly eliminated.     (WRC-2000)

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Footnote Text

457A In the frequency bands 5 925–6 425 MHz and 14–14.5 GHz, earth stations located on board vessels may communicate with space stations of the fixed–satellite service. Such use shall be in accordance with Resolution 902 (WRC-03). In the frequency band 5 925–6 425 MHz, earth stations located on board vessels and communicating with space stations of the fixed–satellite service may employ transmit antennas with minimum diameter of 1.2 m and operate without prior agreement of any administration if located at least 330 km away from the low-water mark as officially recognised by the coastal State. All other provisions of Resolution 902 (WRC-03) shall apply.     (WRC-15)

457B In the frequency bands 5 925–6 425 MHz and 14–14.5 GHz, earth stations located on board vessels may operate with the characteristics and under the conditions contained in Resolution 902 (WRC-03) in Algeria, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Comoros, Djibouti, Egypt, United Arab Emirates, Jordan, Kuwait, Libya, Morocco, Mauritania, Oman, Qatar, the Syrian Arab Republic, Sudan, Tunisia and Yemen, in the maritime mobile–satellite service on a secondary basis. Such use shall be in accordance with Resolution 902 (WRC-03).     (WRC-15)

484 In Region 1, the use of the band 10.7–11.7 GHz by the fixed–satellite service (Earth-to-space) is limited to feeder links for the broadcasting–satellite service.

484A The use of the bands 10.95–11.2 GHz (space-to-Earth), 11.45–11.7 GHz (space-to-Earth), 11.7–12.2 GHz (space-to-Earth) in Region 2, 12.2–12.75 GHz (space-to-Earth) in Region 3, 12.5–12.75 GHz (space-to-Earth) in Region 1, 13.75–14.5 GHz (Earth-to-space), 17.8–18.6 GHz (space-to-Earth), 19.7–20.2 GHz (space-to-Earth), 27.5–28.6 GHz (Earth-to-space), 29.5–30 GHz (Earth-to-space) by a non-geostationary-satellite system in the fixed–satellite service is subject to application of the provisions of No. 9.12 for coordination with other non-geostationary-satellite systems in the fixed–satellite service. Non-geostationary-satellite systems in the fixed–satellite service shall not claim protection from geostationary-satellite networks in the fixed–satellite service operating in accordance with the Radio Regulations, irrespective of the dates of receipt by the Bureau of the complete coordination or notification information, as appropriate, for the non-geostationary-satellite systems in the fixed–satellite service and of the complete coordination or notification information, as appropriate, for the geostationary-satellite networks, and No. 43A does not apply. Non-geostationary-satellite systems in the fixed–satellite service in the above bands shall be operated in such a way that any unacceptable interference that may occur during their operation shall be rapidly eliminated.     (WRC-2000)

484B Resolution 155 (WRC-15) shall apply.     (WRC-15)485 In Region 2, in the band 11.7–12.2 GHz, transponders on space stations

in the fixed–satellite service may be used additionally for transmissions in the broadcasting–satellite service, provided that such transmissions do not have a maximum e.i.r.p. greater than 53 dBW per television channel and do not cause greater interference or require more protection from interference than the coordinated fixed–satellite service frequency assignments. With respect to the space services, this band shall be used principally for the fixed–satellite service.

486 Different category of service:  in the United States, the allocation of the frequency band 11.7–12.1 GHz to the fixed service is on a secondary basis (see No. 32).      (WRC-15)

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Footnote Text

487 In the band 11.7–12.5 GHz in Regions 1 and 3, the fixed, fixed–satellite, mobile, except aeronautical mobile, and broadcasting services, in accordance with their respective allocations, shall not cause harmful interference to, or claim protection from, broadcasting–satellite stations operating in accordance with the Regions 1 and 3 Plan in Appendix 30.     (WRC-03)

487A Additional allocation:  in Region 1, the band 11.7–12.5 GHz, in Region 2, the band 12.2–12.7 GHz and, in Region 3, the band 11.7–12.2 GHz, are also allocated to the fixed–satellite service (space-to-Earth) on a primary basis, limited to non-geostationary systems and subject to application of the provisions of No. 9.12 for coordination with other non-geostationary-satellite systems in the fixed–satellite service. Non-geostationary-satellite systems in the fixed–satellite service shall not claim protection from geostationary-satellite networks in the broadcasting–satellite service operating in accordance with the Radio Regulations, irrespective of the dates of receipt by the Bureau of the complete coordination or notification information, as appropriate, for the non-geostationary satellite systems in the fixed–satellite service and of the complete coordination or notification information, as appropriate, for the geostationary-satellite networks, and No. 43A does not apply. Non-geostationary-satellite systems in the fixed–satellite service in the above bands shall be operated in such a way that any unacceptable interference that may occur during their operation shall be rapidly eliminated.     (WRC-03)

488 The use of the band 11.7–12.2 GHz by geostationary-satellite networks in the fixed–satellite service in Region 2 is subject to application of the provisions of No. 9.14 for coordination with stations of terrestrial services in Regions 1, 2 and 3. For the use of the band 12.2–12.7 GHz by the broadcasting–satellite service in Region 2, see Appendix 30.     (WRC-03)

489 Additional allocation:  in Peru, the band 12.1–12.2 GHz is also allocated to the fixed service on a primary basis.

490 In Region 2, in the band 12.2–12.7 GHz, existing and future terrestrial radiocommunication services shall not cause harmful interference to the space services operating in conformity with the Broadcasting–satellite Plan for Region 2 contained in Appendix 30.

492 Assignments to stations of the broadcasting–satellite service which are in conformity with the appropriate regional Plan or included in the Regions 1 and 3 List in Appendix 30 may also be used for transmissions in the fixed–satellite service (space-to-Earth), provided that such transmissions do not cause more interference, or require more protection from interference, than the broadcasting–satellite service transmissions operating in conformity with the Plan or the List, as appropriate.     (WRC-2000)

493 The broadcasting–satellite service in the band 12.5–12.75 GHz in Region 3 is limited to a power flux-density not exceeding −111 dB(W/(m2·27 MHz)) for all conditions and for all methods of modulation at the edge of the service area.     (WRC-97)

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Footnote Text

494 Additional allocation:  in Algeria, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Cameroon, the Central African Rep., Congo (Rep. of the), Côte d’Ivoire, Djibouti, Egypt, the United Arab Emirates, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Madagascar, Mali, Morocco, Mongolia, Nigeria, Oman, Qatar, the Syrian Arab Republic, the Dem. Rep. of the Congo, Somalia, Sudan, South Sudan, Chad, Togo and Yemen, the frequency band 12.5–12.75 GHz is also allocated to the fixed and mobile, except aeronautical mobile, services on a primary basis.     (WRC-15)

495 Additional allocation:  in France, Greece, Monaco, Montenegro, Uganda, Romania and Tunisia, the frequency band 12.5–12.75 GHz is also allocated to the fixed and mobile, except aeronautical mobile, services on a secondary basis.     (WRC-15)

496 Additional allocation:  in Austria, Azerbaijan, Kyrgyzstan and Turkmenistan, the band 12.5–12.75 GHz is also allocated to the fixed service and the mobile, except aeronautical mobile, service on a primary basis. However, stations in these services shall not cause harmful interference to fixed–satellite service Earth stations of countries in Region 1 other than those listed in this footnote. Coordination of these Earth stations is not required with stations of the fixed and mobile services of the countries listed in this footnote. The power flux-density limit at the Earth''s surface given in Table 21–4 of Article 21, for the fixed–satellite service shall apply on the territory of the countries listed in this footnote.     (WRC-2000)

504 The use of the band 14–14.3 GHz by the radionavigation service shall be such as to provide sufficient protection to space stations of the fixed–satellite service.

504A In the band 14–14.5 GHz, aircraft Earth stations in the secondary aeronautical mobile–satellite service may also communicate with space stations in the fixed–satellite service. The provisions of Nos. 29, 30 and 31 apply.     (WRC-03)

504B Aircraft Earth stations operating in the aeronautical mobile–satellite service in the frequency band 14–14.5 GHz shall comply with the provisions of Annex 1, Part C of Recommendation ITU-R M.1643-0, with respect to any radio astronomy station performing observations in the 14.47–14.5 GHz frequency band located on the territory of Spain, France, India, Italy, the United Kingdom and South Africa.     (WRC-15)

504C In the frequency band 14–14.25 GHz, the power flux-density produced on the territory of the countries of Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Botswana, Côte d’Ivoire, Egypt, Guinea, India, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Kuwait, Nigeria, Oman, the Syrian Arab Republic and Tunisia by any aircraft earth station in the aeronautical mobile–satellite service shall not exceed the limits given in Annex 1, Part B of Recommendation ITU-R M.1643-0, unless otherwise specifically agreed by the affected administration(s). The provisions of this footnote in no way derogate the obligations of the aeronautical mobile–satellite service to operate as a secondary service in accordance with No. 29.     (WRC-15)

20 | acma

Footnote Text

505 Additional allocation:  in Algeria, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Botswana, Brunei Darussalam, Cameroon, China, Congo (Rep. of the), Korea (Rep. of), Djibouti, Egypt, the United Arab Emirates, Gabon, Guinea, India, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Malaysia, Mali, Morocco, Mauritania, Oman, the Philippines, Qatar, the Syrian Arab Republic, the Dem. People’s Rep. of Korea, Singapore, Somalia, Sudan, South Sudan, Swaziland, Chad, Viet Nam and Yemen, the frequency band 14–14.3 GHz is also allocated to the fixed service on a primary basis.     (WRC-15)

506 The band 14–14.5 GHz may be used, within the fixed–satellite service (Earth-to-space), for feeder links for the broadcasting–satellite service, subject to coordination with other networks in the fixed–satellite service. Such use of feeder links is reserved for countries outside Europe.

506A In the band 14–14.5 GHz, ship Earth stations with an e.i.r.p. greater than 21 dBW shall operate under the same conditions as Earth stations located on board vessels, as provided in Resolution 902 (WRC-03). This footnote shall not apply to ship Earth stations for which the complete Appendix 4 information has been received by the Bureau prior to 5 July 2003.     (WRC-03)

506B Earth stations located on board vessels communicating with space stations in the fixed–satellite service may operate in the frequency band 14–14.5 GHz without the need for prior agreement from Cyprus, and Malta, within the minimum distance given in Resolution 902 (WRC-03) from these countries.     (WRC-15)

508 Additional allocation:  in Germany, France, Italy, Libya, The Former Yugoslav Rep. of Macedonia and the United Kingdom, the band 14.25–14.3 GHz is also allocated to the fixed service on a primary basis.     (WRC-12)

508A In the frequency band 14.25–14.3 GHz, the power flux-density produced on the territory of the countries of Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Botswana, China, Côte d’Ivoire, Egypt, France, Guinea, India, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Italy, Kuwait, Nigeria, Oman, the Syrian Arab Republic, the United Kingdom and Tunisia by any aircraft earth station in the aeronautical mobile–satellite service shall not exceed the limits given in Annex 1, Part B of Recommendation ITU-R M.1643-0, unless otherwise specifically agreed by the affected administration(s). The provisions of this footnote in no way derogate the obligations of the aeronautical mobile–satellite service to operate as a secondary service in accordance with No. 29.     (WRC-15)

509A In the frequency band 14.3–14.5 GHz, the power flux-density produced on the territory of the countries of Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Botswana, Cameroon, China, Côte d’Ivoire, Egypt, France, Gabon, Guinea, India, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Italy, Kuwait, Morocco, Nigeria, Oman, the Syrian Arab Republic, the United Kingdom, Sri Lanka, Tunisia and Viet Nam by any aircraft earth station in the aeronautical mobile–satellite service shall not exceed the limits given in Annex 1, Part B of Recommendation ITU-R M.1643-0, unless otherwise specifically agreed by the affected administration(s). The provisions of this footnote in no way derogate the obligations of the aeronautical mobile–satellite service to operate as a secondary service in accordance with No. 29.     (WRC-15)

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Appendix B—summary of ARSP footnotes Comms direction

Frequency band (GHz)

Service ITU footnotes applicable

Summary of footnotes

Space to Earth:

10.7–10.95 FSS 441 GSO in accordance with Appendix 30BNGSO no interference to, no protection from GSONGSO coordination with NGSO subject to No. 9.12

10.95–11.2 FSS 484A 484B NGSO no interference to, no protection from GSO NGSO coordination with NGSO subject to No. 9.12Resolution 155 (WRC-15) shall apply

11.2–11.45 FSS 441 GSO in accordance with Appendix 30BNGSO no interference to, no protection from GSO

11.45–11.7 FSS 484A 484B NGSO no interference to, no protection from GSO NGSO coordination with NGSO subject to No. 9.12Resolution 155 (WRC-15) shall apply

11.7–12.2 BSS (FSS via footnote 487A)

492487 487A

No interference to, no protection from BSSNGSO FSS only (GSO FSS not permitted)NGSO FSS coordination with NGSO FSS subject to No. 9.12

12.2–12.5 FSS 484B484A 487 AUS88

No interference to, no protection from BSS NGSO no interference to, no protection from GSO NGSO coordination with NGSO subject to No. 9.12Resolution 155 (WRC-15) shall apply

12.5–12.75 FSS 484A 484B NGSO no interference to, no protection from GSO NGSO coordination with NGSO subject to No. 9.12Resolution 155 (WRC-15) shall apply

BSS 493 BSS PFD limit -111 dB(W/(m2.27 MHz)

Comms direction

Frequency band (GHz)

Service ITU footnotes applicable

Summary of footnotes

Earth to space:

14.0–14.3 FSS 457A 484A 484B 506 504A

ESV in FSS allowed in accordance with Resolution 902 (WRC-03)NGSO no interference to, no protection from GSO NGSO coordination with NGSO subject to No. 9.12Resolution 155 (WRC-15) shall applyUse of FSS for BSS feeder links allowed subject to coordination

MSS (secondary)

506A Ship Earth stations with an e.i.r.p. greater than 21 dBW shall operate under the same conditions as ESV, as provided in Resolution 902 (WRC-03)

14.3–14.4 FSS 457A 484A 484B 506504A

ESV in FSS allowed in accordance with Resolution 902 (WRC-03)NGSO no interference to, no protection from GSO NGSO coordination with NGSO subject to No. 9.12Resolution 155 (WRC-15) shall applyUse of FSS for BSS feeder links allowed subject to coordinationAircraft Earth stations in the aeronautical MSS may communicate with FSS

MSS (secondary)

506A Ship Earth stations with an e.i.r.p. greater than 21 dBW shall operate under the same conditions as ESV, as provided in Resolution 902 (WRC-03)

14.4–14.47 FSS 457A 484A 484B 506504A

ESV in FSS allowed in accordance with Resolution 902 (WRC-03)NGSO no interference to, no protection from GSO NGSO coordination with NGSO subject to No. 9.12Resolution 155 (WRC-15) shall applyUse of FSS for BSS feeder links allowed subject to coordinationAircraft Earth stations in the aeronautical MSS may communicate with FSS

MSS (secondary)

506A Ship Earth stations with an e.i.r.p. greater than 21 dBW shall operate under the same conditions as ESV, as provided in Resolution 902 (WRC-03)

14.47–14.5 FSS 457A 484A 506149 504A

ESV in FSS allowed in accordance with Resolution 902 (WRC-03)NGSO no interference to, no protection from GSO NGSO coordination with NGSO subject to No. 9.12Use of FSS for BSS feeder links allowed subject to coordination

Comms direction

Frequency band (GHz)

Service ITU footnotes applicable

Summary of footnotes

Aircraft Earth stations in the aeronautical MSS may communicate with FSS

MSS (secondary)

506A Ship Earth stations with an e.i.r.p. greater than 21 dBW shall operate under the same conditions as ESV, as provided in Resolution 902 (WRC-03)

Appendix C—international arrangementsEuropeESIM are supported in Europe through decisions of the European Communication Committee (ECC). The relevant ECC decisions are:> ECC Decision of 6 July 2018 on the harmonised use, exemption from individual

licensing and free circulation and use of Earth Stations In-Motion (ESIM) operating with GSO FSS satellite systems in the frequency bands 10.7–12.75 GHz and 14.0–14.5 GHz (ECC/DEC/(18)04).

> ECC Decision of 6 July 2018 on the harmonised use, exemption from individual licensing and free circulation and use of Earth Stations In-Motion (ESIM) operating with NGSO FSS satellite systems in the frequency bands 10.7–12.75 GHz and 14.0–14.5 GHz (ECC/DEC/(18)05).

The ECC decisions also include a number of technical and operational requirements for ESIM in Ku band which provide relevant guidance for operators seeking to deploy ESIM in Ku band in Australia.

United StatesRelevant provisions of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) rules and regulations are:> For Earth stations on board vessels (ESVs), Part 25.222- Blanket licensing

provisions for ESVs operating with GSO FSS space stations in the 10.95-11.2 GHz, 11.45-11.7 GHz, 11.7-12.2 GHz, and 14.0–14.5 GHz bands.

> For vehicle-mounted Earth stations (VMESs), Part 25.226- Blanket licensing provisions for domestic, U.S. VMESs operating with GSO FSS space stations in the 10.95-11.2 GHz, 11.45-11.7 GHz, 11.7-12.2 GHz, and 14.0–14.5 GHz bands.

> For Earth stations aboard aircraft (ESAAs), Part 25.227- Blanket licensing provisions for ESAAs operating with GSO FSS space stations in the 10.95-11.2 GHz, 11.45-11.7 GHz, 11.7-12.2 GHz, and 14.0–14.5 GHz bands.

In November 2018, the FCC released a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking intending to facilitate the continued ESIM by considering the expansion of the scope of the FCC rules governing ESIM operations to cover communications with NGSO satellites operating in the FSS11. The changes addressed in this Notice complemented earlier actions taken by the Commission to simplify its rules for ESIM operations with GSO satellites12. If and when implemented, these actions will result in changes to the FCC rules and regulations which will need to be considered by potential licensees if using compliance with FCC arrangements to support their licence application.

11 Facilitating the Communications of Earth Stations in Motion with Non-Geostationary Orbit Space Stations, Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, FCC 18-160 (rel. Nov 16, 2018)12 Amendment of Parts 2 and 25 of the Commission’s Rules to Facilitate the Use of Earth Stations in Motion Communicating with Geostationary Orbit Space Stations in Frequency Bands Allocated to the Fixed-Satellite Service, Report and Order and Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, FCC 18-138 (rel. Sept. 27, 2018)

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Appendix D—proposed changes to the space/space receive BOPRather than developing a new BOP for Ku ESIM, given the similarity of material the ACMA proposal is that the following material is included as an additional Appendix E in the BOP Submission and processing of applications for space and space receive apparatus licences in regard to applications for involving FSS systems supporting the operation of ESIM in the 11.7-12.75 GHz and 14-14.5 GHz bands.

The purpose of the proposed appendix is to provide additional advice on how to assess applications for Ku ESIM. A reference to the Appendix would be included in Section 1 Purpose of the space /space receive BOP.

Proposed new Appendix E to space/space receive BOPThis appendix outlines how the procedures of the space/space receive BOP are to be applied when considering the issue of space or space receive licences authorising the use of ubiquitous earth stations in motion (ESIM) communicating with space stations in the fixed-satellite service (both GSO and NGSO) in the frequency ranges 11.7-12.75 GHz (space-to-Earth) and 14-14.5 GHz (Earth-to-space).

Modified treatment when assessing ITU regulatory status of a satellite networkWhen determining the ITU regulatory status of a FSS filing involving the operation of ESIM, the procedures of Section 3.2 Determining the ITU regulatory status are to be modified as outlined below.

The ITU regulatory status of a satellite system is determined by checking the ITU’s Master International Frequency Register (MIFR).

While from ACMA experience the operation of ESIM is not always recorded in the satellite network filing, knowing how the network is progressing through the ITU coordination process will be used to inform the ACMA’s decision-making.

Recorded in the MFIRIf a satellite system is recorded in the MIFR with a favourable finding13, it is assumed that the risk of interference (when operating in accordance with the filing) is considered acceptably low. Therefore, no additional measures are required within the domestic licence procedures to address the regulatory status of the network.

Recorded in the MFIR and 11.41If a satellite system is recorded under ITU RR No. 11.41 in the MIFR with an unfavourable finding against licensed satellite networks operating in Australia, the ACMA will require additional information that explains why the risk of interference should be consider low as well as a Letter of Assurance (LOA).

In the case where an unfavourable finding is against an Australian-filed satellite that is not licensed in Australia, no action is required.

13 The term “favourable finding” or “unfavourable finding” refers to ITU BR assessment of the notification information with respect to No. 11.32 and 11.32A of Radio Regulation resulting with the favourable or unfavourable finding.

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Not recorded in the MFIRIn the case where a satellite system is not yet recorded in the MIFR but is progressing through the ITU coordination process, the ACMA will require additional information that explains why the risk of interference should be considered low. The ACMA would also seek information about its ITU coordination status from the applicant via a Letter of Assurance (LOA), unless the information was already available to the ACMA. This information will ascertain whether or not the proposed system is likely to be recorded in the MIFR and the likelihood of interference.

In an LOA, the applicant advises the ACMA of any ITU publications references, including coordination requests and/or notification notices and relevant information of any unresolved coordination issues. The LOA will also include a statement to the effect that measures will be taken to ensure the operation of the satellite network in Australia will not cause interference to other satellite networks/systems operating in accordance with the ITU Radio Regulations. Details on the measures to be undertaken to not cause interference should be included in the LOA. The format of the letter of assurance is contained at Appendix D.

If information on a satellite system is yet to be published or processed by the ITU, the ACMA is unlikely to issue a licence, given the additional risk of interference from the operation of ESIM.

Modified treatment when checking consistency with ITU registration details of the satellite network and proposed use When determining the ITU registration details of an FSS filing involving the operation of ESIM, the procedures of Section 3.3 Checking consistency with ITU registration details of the satellite network and proposed use are to be modified as outlined below.

The factors that are particularly relevant for ESIM operation when checking consistency of ITU registration details with the proposed service and the Spectrum Plan are the class of station and the service area of the filing are that the:> service purpose/function of the space station must be consistent with the class(es)

of station14 of the satellite network. ACMA experience is that for ESIM that this requirement is not always met. There are currently no class of station codes specific to ESIM operation in Ku band. Further, an analysis of ITU satellite filings for networks currently known to be operating or planning to operate ESIM only class of station code EC (Space station in the fixed-satellite service) but no codes indicating mobile operation.

> proposed geographic area of the licence must be included within satellite network filing and that area must include Australia. This requirement is to ensure the operation within Australia has been considered in the ITU satellite coordination process and as a way of ensure services to Australia are within the operating envelope of the network. This requirement is to be maintained for Ku band ESIM.

Downlink (space-to-Earth) 11.7–12.75 GHz:Applicants should demonstrate that if the licence application was assessed assuming the use of traditional fixed Earth stations, the risk of interference would be low. Applicants must then demonstrate that use of receiving ESIM is within the operating envelope of the ITU registration details. Receiving ESIM will be supported provided the technical characteristics are within the envelope of the ITU registration details. In this case, receiving ESIM operation is supported under ITU RR No. 4.4.

14 See lists of space station class of station and earth station class of station in Preface to the BR IFIC (Space services) .

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Uplink (Earth-to-space) 14–14.5 GHzITU registration details should be checked to determine whether they include MSS, earth stations on board vessels and aircraft earth stations. If so, ESIM can be operated under existing ARSP allocation and footnotes.

Alternatively, applicants should demonstrate that if the licence application was assessed assuming the use of traditional fixed Earth stations, the risk of interference would be low. Applicants must then demonstrate that use of receiving ESIM is within the operating envelope of the ITU registration details. Receiving ESIM will be supported provided the technical characteristics are within the envelope of the ITU registration details. In this case, receiving ESIM operation is supported under ITU RR No. 4.4.

Interference management and due diligence The applicant is required to demonstrate their own due diligence and undertake an engineering assessment that considers the risk and likely of interference to and from existing services in Australia. A summary of how such an assessment has been made is to be provided to the ACMA as part of the licence application. Information could include:> a statement of various coordination agreements reached> compliance with applicable ITU requirements > compliance with relevant FCC or ECC requirements including:

> equivalent isotropically radiated power limits for ESIM> ESIM controlled by a network control facility > power flux density restrictions> ESIM that use closed-loop tracking of the satellite signal shall employ an

algorithm that is resistant to capturing and tracking signals from nearby satellite; earth stations shall immediately cease transmissions when they detect that unintended satellite tracking has happened or is about to happen

> engineering assessments undertaken.

The applicant is required to demonstrate that appropriate interference management measures are in place for all ubiquitous earth station to be authorised (both fixed and ESIM).

The applicant is required to demonstrate that ITU requirements for NGSO/GSO/BSS coordination have been (or able to be) met for earth stations on board vessels and aircraft earth stations

The applicant is required to demonstrate compatibility of NGSO networks with very large earth stations notified under No. 9.7B and No. 9.7A.

The applicant is required to provide a point of contact that can assist in addressing any suspected cases of interference and cease transmission if directed by the ACMA.

Protection for the Mid-West Radio Quiet Zone The Radiocommunications (Mid-West Radio Quiet Zone) Frequency Band Plan 2011 (band plan), which establishes a radio quiet zone (RQZ) in the Mid-West region of Western Australia, facilitates the development and use of new radioastronomy technologies at that site by maintaining its ‘radio-quietness’. The band plan specifies the geographic zone affected.

It permits use of the frequency range 70 MHz to 25.25 GHz in the RQZ for radioastronomy purposes. It also provides that additional services which operate in the inner zone of the RQZ are to be taken to be secondary services to radioastronomy

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services. Secondary services are required to not cause harmful interference to radioastronomy services and cannot claim protection from harmful interference from radioastronomy services.

RALI MS32 Coordination of apparatus licensed services within the Australian Radio Quiet Zone Western Australia provides a framework for the interference protection of radioastronomy activities sited within 50 km of the centre of the RQZ. A potential frequency assignment falls within the scope of this RALI if the assignment is for an apparatus-licensed transmitter of a coordinated terrestrial service station or earth station, and its frequency and geographical location is within the RQZ.

While space and space receive licensees are not subject to RALI MS32, space and space receive licensees are subject to the requirements of band plan, and as such are responsible for ensuring that their end-user earth station terminals do not cause harmful interference to radioastronomy services in the RQZ. To increase the visibility of this obligation and make it explicit to licensees, Special Condition RQZ1 will be applied to space receive licences.

Summary of special conditions and advisory notes applicable to Ku band ESIM

Space apparatus licence authorising ESIM in 11.7-12.75 GHzThe following additional special conditions and advisory notes are to be applied to space licences authorising the use of earth stations in motion communicating with geostationary space stations or non-geostationary space systems in the fixed-satellite service in the frequency band 11.7–12.75 GHz, in line with the procedures outlined above.

Category

Type Item Text

Special Condition

Pre-defined (where network is in the MIFR)

SB Operation of this space station and associated earth stations must be in accordance with frequency assignments recorded in the Master International Frequency Register of the International Telecommunication Union.

Advisory Note

Pre-defined

EI The Master International Frequency Register (MIFR) is maintained by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) in accordance with the Radio Regulations.

Special Condition

User-defined(where network is in the MIFR)

This licence authorises communications with [name of satellite].

Special Condition

Pre-defined (where network is not in the MIFR)

SA Prior to the frequency assignments being recorded in the Master International Frequency Register, this space station and associated earth stations may operate in accordance with the operating parameters published by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) in Special Sections of International Frequency Information Circulars and in accordance with any agreements reached as a result of an ITU frequency

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Category

Type Item Text

coordination process.Advisory Note

Pre-defined

ED Coordination agreements reached as a result of an ITU international frequency coordination process are intended to minimise the potential for harmful interference to radiocommunications stations. A radiocommunications station operated prior to a frequency assignment being recorded in the MIFR cannot necessarily claim protection from harmful interference from radiocommunications stations of other countries.

Special Condition

User-defined(where network is not in the MIFR)

This space station and associated earth stations are authorised to communicate with space stations of the [satellite network name] satellite network as published by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) in Special Section [ITU reference – take the most recent document number] of International Frequency Information Circular [IFIC number].

Special Condition

Pre-defined

ESIM8

Earth stations in motion may be operated in association with this licence provided that these earth stations would, if stationary, otherwise be in accordance with the operating parameters published by the ITU in Special Sections of International Frequency Information Circulars and in accordance with any agreements reached as a result of an ITU frequency coordination process.

Special Condition

Pre-defined

EH Transmissions must not occur in circumstances that result in harmful interference to stations outside of Australia where these stations are operating in accordance with the Radio Regulations of the ITU except where the transmissions are in accordance with any agreements reached as a result of an ITU international frequency coordination process.

Special Condition

Pre-defined

ESIM5

Radiocommunications between space stations and earth stations in motion authorised under this licence shall not be used or relied upon for safety-of-life applications.

Special Condition

NEWPre-defined(when not recorded in MIFR or in MIFR with 11.41)

On upon receipt of a report of harmful interference under International Telecommunication Union Radio Regulation No. 11.42 all necessary steps shall be taken immediately eliminate the harmful interference or cease operation.

Advisory Note

NEWPre-defined

This licence does not authorise operation of earth stations outside of Australia.

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Space receive apparatus licence authorising ESIM in 14–14.5 GHzThe following additional special conditions and advisory notes are to be applied to space receive licences authorising the use of earth stations in motion communicating with geostationary space stations or non-geostationary space stations in the fixed-satellite service in the frequency band 14–14.5 GHz, in line with the procedures outlined above.

Category

Type Item Text

Special Condition

Pre-defined (where network is in the MIFR)

SB Operation of this space station and associated earth stations must be in accordance with frequency assignments recorded in the Master International Frequency Register of the International Telecommunication Union.

Advisory Note

Pre-defined

EI The Master International Frequency Register (MIFR) is maintained by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) in accordance with the Radio Regulations.

Special Condition

User-defined(in the MIFR)

This licence authorises communications with [name of satellite].

Special Condition

Pre-defined (where network is not in the MIFR)

SA Prior to the frequency assignments being recorded in the Master International Frequency Register, this space station and associated earth stations may operate in accordance with the operating parameters published by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) in Special Sections of International Frequency Information Circulars and in accordance with any agreements reached as a result of an ITU frequency coordination process.

Advisory Note

Pre-defined

ED Coordination agreements reached as a result of an ITU international frequency coordination process are intended to minimise the potential for harmful interference to radiocommunications stations. A radiocommunications station operated prior to a frequency assignment being recorded in the MIFR cannot necessarily claim protection from harmful interference from radiocommunications stations of other countries.

Special Condition

User-defined(Not in the MIFR)

This space station and associated earth stations are authorised to communicate with space stations of the [satellite network name] satellite network as published by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) in Special Section [ITU reference – take the most recent document number] of International Frequency Information Circular [IFIC number].

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Category

Type Item Text

Special Condition

Pre-defined

ESIM8

Earth stations in motion may be operated provided that these earth stations would, if stationary, otherwise be in accordance with the operating parameters published by the ITU in Special Sections of International Frequency Information Circulars and in accordance with any agreements reached as a result of an ITU frequency coordination process.

Special Condition

Pre-defined

EH Transmissions must not occur in circumstances that result in harmful interference to stations outside of Australia, where these stations are operating in accordance with the Radio Regulations of the ITU, except where the transmissions are in accordance with any agreements reached as a result of an ITU international frequency coordination process.

Special Condition

Pre-defined

ESIM4

Radiocommunications between space stations and earth stations in motion authorised under this licence shall be subject to permanent monitoring and control by a Network Control Facility (NCF) or equivalent facility, and be capable of receiving and acting upon at least ‘enable transmission’ and ‘disable transmission’ commands from the NCF.

Special Condition

Pre-defined

ESIM5

Radiocommunications between space stations and earth stations in motion authorised under this licence shall not be used or relied upon for safety-of-life applications.

Special Condition

Pre-defined

ESIM7

The licensee shall advise the ACMA of changes to the point of contact provided for the purpose of tracing any suspected cases of interference from earth stations in motion.

Special Condition

NEWPre-defined

Earth station transmitters on land associated with this space station must not be operated within 70 kilometres distance from the Murchison Radioastronomy Observatory without the approval of the entity responsible for operating the Murchison Radioastronomy Observatory.

Special Condition

NEWPre-defined(when not recorded in MIFR or in MIFR with 11.41)

On upon receipt of a report of harmful interference under International Telecommunication Union Radio Regulation No. 11.42 all necessary steps shall be taken immediately eliminate the harmful interference or cease operation.

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Category

Type Item Text

Advisory Note

NEWPre-defined

This licence does not authorise operation of earth stations outside of Australia.

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